molecules and functional groups douglas burks bio231: introduction to cell wilmington college
TRANSCRIPT
Molecules and Functional Groups
Douglas Burks
BIO231: Introduction to Cell
Wilmington College
Carbon
• Biological molecules based on carbon– four bonds – middle range electronegativity
• forms bonds with many different elements
• forms bonds easily with self enabling large molecules to form
– functional groups are the groups that attach to carbon
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• sulfur
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Polar vs nonpolar bonds
• Polar– C-O-H
– C= O
– N-H
– C-P
– P-O-H
– P=O
• Non polar– C-C
– C=C
– C-N
– C-H
– C-S
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Functional Groups
• Give characteristics to molecules
• Oxygen based– Hydroxyl
• polar– forms hydrogen bonds.
– Carboxyl group• acidic
– forms ion– salt bridges
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Functional Groups
• Ether– polar group
– Ester group• polar
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Functional groups
• Carbonyl group– polar– double bonded oxygen
• terminal carbon– aldehyde
• internal carbon– ketone
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Functional Groups
• Nitrogen based functional groups– amino (amine)
• nitrogen and hydrogen
• polar
• amino acids
– imino group• double bond
– carbon to nitrogen
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Functional groups
• Sulfur based– thiol group
• nonpolar
– disulfide bridge• forms between two thiol groups
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Functional groups
• Phosphate– phosphorus– oxygen– inonizable
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Functional groups
• Hydrocarbon– nonpolar– methyl group
• one carbon
– acetyl group• two carbons
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201
Functional groups
• Cyclic– phenyl
• nonpolar
– phenol• OH group
BIO
231: Introduction to Cell B
iology Fall 201