molecular models chemistry lab work. theme and aim of the work to construct molecules of compounds...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Molecular ModelsMolecular ModelsChemistry Lab Work
![Page 2: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Theme and Aim of the WorkTheme and Aim of the Work
To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures
Materials: student molecular model set
![Page 3: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ball-and-stick model
Framework model
Space-filling model
Types of Molecular ModelsTypes of Molecular Models
![Page 4: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
•Single bond•Double bond•Triple bond
Student Molecular Model SetStudent Molecular Model Set
Types of Chemical BondsTypes of Chemical Bonds
![Page 5: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Representation of AtomsRepresentation of Atoms
Carbon
Oxygen
Chlorine (Halogens)
Metals
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulphur
![Page 6: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Linear
Bent
Trigonal planar
Types of Molecular StructuresTypes of Molecular Structures
• Square planar
• Tetrahedral
• Octahedral
![Page 7: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chemical Bonding
Ionic bondingElectrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
Covalent bondingAtoms share electrons.
![Page 8: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is a covalent bond?What is a covalent bond?
![Page 9: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A covalent bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons.
H + H H - H
What is a covalent bond?What is a covalent bond?
![Page 10: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is the difference between What is the difference between a a singlesingle covalent bond covalent bond and and a a multiple multiple covalent covalent bond?bond?
![Page 11: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A single bond means that only one electron pair is shared between two atoms.
A double bond means that two electron pairs are shared.
A triple bond means that three electron pairs are shared.
H + H H - H
O = O
N N
What is the difference between What is the difference between a a singlesingle covalent bond covalent bond and and a a multiple multiple covalent covalent bond?bond?
![Page 12: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What compound is it?
![Page 13: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ammonia
NH3
What compound is it?
![Page 14: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What compound is it?
![Page 15: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Carbon dioxide
CO2
What compound is it?
![Page 16: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What compound is it?
![Page 17: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hydrogen chloride
HCl
What compound is it?
![Page 18: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What compound is it?
![Page 19: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Water
H2O
What compound is it?
![Page 20: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What compound is it?
![Page 21: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hydrogen sulphide
H2S
What compound is it?
![Page 22: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is incorrect?
![Page 23: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What is incorrect?
![Page 24: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Why?
Wrong bonding
Bounds should be single, the molecular structure should be bent.
![Page 25: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Why are the models incorrect?
Correct
The molecular structure should be linear
The bond should be double.
![Page 26: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Crystal ModelsCrystal Models
![Page 27: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What is characteristic for What is characteristic for crystals with covalent bonds?crystals with covalent bonds?
![Page 28: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Crystals are usually hard and brittle. Their melting point is high. Covalent substances are insoluble in water.
Example : diamond
What is characteristic for What is characteristic for crystals with covalent bonds?crystals with covalent bonds?
![Page 29: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
How to construct a diamond model:How to construct a diamond model:
We use models of carbon atom with four bonds
(tetrahedral). models of single bonds.
![Page 30: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What is characteristic for What is characteristic for crystals with ionic bonds?crystals with ionic bonds?
![Page 31: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Example : NaCl
What is characteristic for What is characteristic for crystals with ionic bonds?crystals with ionic bonds?
Crystals are usually brittle. Their melting point is high. Ionic substances are soluble in water.
![Page 32: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
How to construct a NaCl model:How to construct a NaCl model:
We use models of Na+ ions. models of Cl- ions. models of single bonds.
![Page 33: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Ionic Crystal Model The Ionic Crystal Model of Sodium Chloride(NaCl)of Sodium Chloride(NaCl)
![Page 34: Molecular Models Chemistry Lab Work. Theme and Aim of the Work To construct molecules of compounds To construct models of crystal structures Materials:](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f295503460f94c42547/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
G a SOSPg Znojmo, Czech R.
Thanks for your attention