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ThesaurusCOGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

ofHUMAN MEMORY

ThesaurusCOGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

ofHUMAN MEMORY

Version 1.6(Last updated : 2020-02-24)

This resource contains 878 terminological entries grouped into 18 collections.

This bilingual thesaurus (French-English), developed at Inist-CNRS, covers the concepts fromthe cognitive psychology of human memory (memory systems and processes, empirical effects,memory disorders, study methods, theories and models), organized in the form of hierarchical(generic and specific terms), equivalence (synonyms) and association relationships. Most of theconcepts are presented with a definition and a bibliography. Notes have been added to someof them (only in French for the moment). The resource is mapped to the Cognitive Atlas (https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/ ), MeSH thesaurus ( http://mesh.inserm.fr/FrenchMesh/ ), SAGEthesaurus ( https://concepts.sagepub.com/vocabularies/social-science/en/ ), Wikipedia ( https://en.wikipedia.org/ ) and wikidata ( https://www.wikidata.org/ ).

A French version of the thesaurus is also available.

The thesaurus is browsable online on the terminological portal Loterre: https://www.loterre.fr

Legend

• Syn: Synonym.• → : Corresponding Preferred Term.

• FR: French Preferred Term.• NT: Narrower Term.• BT: Broader Term.• RT: Related Term.

• PO: Study Population.• DO: Subject Field.

• URI: Concept's URI (link to the online view).• EQ: Mappings.

This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Alphabetical Index 4Terminological Entries 5List Of Entries 172Tree 192Collections 206

Alphabetical Index

from A-B, A-Br learning task to autonoetic consciousness p. 6 -17from backward associative strength to buffer memory p. 18 -21from calibration to cumulative recall function p. 22 -37from d' index to dud-alternative effect p. 38 -44from ease of learning to extra-list cue p. 45 -53from fabrication inflation to fuzzy trace theory p. 54 -61from Geiselman effect to grouping effect p. 62 -64from habituation to hyperpriming p. 65 -68from iconic memory to item-specific processing p. 69 -75from Jost's laws to judgment of the rate of learning p. 76 -76from keyword method to Korsakoff syndrome p. 77 -77from lag effect to LPC wave p. 78 -84from maintenance rehearsal to multitrial free recall p. 94 -97from n-back task to numerical judgment of recency p. 98 -101from observer point of view to ownership effect p. 102 -106from paired-associates learning task to pupillometry p. 107 -119from questionnaire to questionnaire p. 120 -120from R/K paradigm to running span task p. 121 -133from SAM model to systems consolidation p. 134 -154from taboo word effect to typicality gradient p. 155 -162from uncinate fasciculus to utilization deficiency p. 163 -163from vanishing cues method to von Restorff effect p. 164 -166from weapon focus effect to working self p. 167 -169from Yerkes-Dodson's law to yes/no recognition task p. 170 -170from Zeigarnik effect to zROC curve p. 171 -171

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 4

Terminological Entries

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 5

A-B, A-BR LEARNING TASK

AA-B, A-Br learning taskBT: paired-associates learning taskExperimental paradigm in which subjects are required to study two listsof word pairs. In both lists, cues and target items are the same, butthe pairings are changed in the list 2. During the test, subjects werepresented with the cue and asked to recall the target item in the list 1or list 2 (Humphreys et al, 1994)

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'apprentissage A-B, A-BrURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MDF6K96R-P

A-B, A-C learning taskSyn: · A-B, A-C paradigm

· A-B, A-D learning· A-B, A-D paradigm

BT: paired-associates learning taskRT: retroactive interferencePaired-associates learning paradigm. In a first phase, subjects mustmemorize word pairs (A-B list.) In the second phase, subjects mustmemorize new words (C) associated with the words A of the previouslist.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'apprentissage A-B, A-CURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J1HBSTJX-M

A-B, A-C paradigm

→ A-B, A-C learning task

A-B, A-D learning

→ A-B, A-C learning task

A-B, A-D paradigm

→ A-B, A-C learning task

A-B, C-B learning taskSyn: A-B, C-B paradigmBT: paired-associates learning taskRT: interferenceType of paired-associates learning. The subject first learns an A-B list,then a C-B list, in which the response B associated to A in the previouslist is then associated with C.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'appentissage A-B, C-BURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L8BJ4TPF-9

A-B, C-B paradigm

→ A-B, C-B learning task

AB, BC pair

→ double-function pairs

AB, BC paradigm

→ double-function pairs

accelerated long-term memoryBT: memory disorderRT: forgettingObservation made in some epileptic patients of a very rapid forgettingafter several weeks or several months, whereas the memorization andthe initial retention of information seem normal.

• Butler, C., Muhlert, N., & Zeman, A. (2010). Accelerated long-term forgetting. InS. Della Sala (Ed.), Forgetting (211-237). Howe, Psychology Press.

• Elliott, G., Isaac, C. L., & Muhlert, N. (2014). Measuring forgetting: Acritical review of accelerated long-term forgetting studies. Cortex, 54, 16-32.[ doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.001 ].

• Fitzgerald, Z., Mohamed, A., Ricci, M., Thayer, Z., & Miller, L. (2013).Accelerated long-term forgetting: A newly identified memory impairment inepilepsy. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 20(11), 1486–1491. [ doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2013.04.037 ].

• Butler, C., Gilboa, A., & Miller, L. (2019). Accelerated long-term forgetting.Cortex, 110, 1 4. [ doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.009 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: oubli à long terme accéléréURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SRTRMRB7-V

accessibility/availabilityBT: retrievalRT: · Don't remember/Don't know paradigm

· tip-of-the-tongueDistinction indicating that information can be stored in memory (andthus available) though it may be, at least temporarily, inaccessible tothe subject.

• Tulving, E., & Pearlstone, Z. (1966). Availability versus accessibility ofinformation in memory for words. Journal of Verbal Learning and VerbalBehavior, 5(4), 381–391. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80048-8 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: accessibilité/disponibilitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FZSQX285-Z

6 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

ACTION MEMORY

acetylcholineSyn: AChBT: neurotransmitterNeurotransmitter involved in learning and memory processes. Inparticular, in the hippocampus, ACh plays a role in relational memory,coordination of brain systems memory (amygdala for emotionalmemory, the striatum for procedural memory). A high level of ACh inthe hippocampus facilitates the encoding of information in memory,whereas a low level of ACh allows the consolidation of new memories(Micheau & Marighetto, 2011). ACh receptors are nicotinic andmuscarinic receptors.

• Micheau, J., & Marighetto, A. (2011). Acetylcholine and memory: A long,complex and chaotic but still living relationship. Behavioural Brain Research,221(2), 424–429. [ doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.11.052 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: acétylcholineURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R3JZHQ7F-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180623 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acétylcholine [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0000165 [MeSH]

ACh

→ acetylcholine

acid bath model

→ acid bath theory

acid bath principle

→ acid bath theory

acid bath theorySyn: · acid bath model

· acid bath principleBT: theoryRT: · forgetting

· short-term memoryAccording to this theory, the forgetting of a memory trace in short-termmemory occurs during the storage phase of the information, that is tosay, during the retention interval. Forgetting is a function of the numberof stored items (by analogy, the amount of acid) and their similarity (byanalogy, the acid concentration).

• Posner, M. I., & Konick, A. F. (1966). On the role of interference in short-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(2), 221. [ doi:10.1037/h0023458 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie du bain d'acideURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M9G39NZF-R

acoustic confusion effect

→ phonological similarity effect

acquired prosopagnosiaBT: prosopagnosiaProsopagnosia due to an acquired brain injury in people not sufferingfrom face recognition difficulties before the start of the disease.

• Bodamer, J. (1947). Die prosopagnosie. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Ner-venkrankheiten, 179, 6-54. Traduit par Ellis, H.D., & Florence, M. (1990).Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7(2), 81-105. [ doi:10.1080/02643299008253437 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: prosopagnosie acquiseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BQKH3ZGC-0EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0337457 [MeSH]

Act-In modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · ATHENA model

· embodied cognition· memory

• Versace, R., Vallet, G., Riou, B., Lesourd, M., Labeye, E., & Brunel, L. (2014).ACT-IN: An integrated view of memory mechanisms. Journal of CognitivePsychology, 26(3), 280#306. [ doi:10.1080/20445911.2014.892113 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle Act-InURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MDHRBHXB-V

Act-In theoryBT: theoryRT: ATHENA model• Versace, R., Vallet, G., Riou, B., Lesourd, M., Labeye, E., & Brunel, L. (2014).

ACT-IN: An integrated view of memory mechanisms. Journal of CognitivePsychology, 26(3), 280#306. [ doi:10.1080/20445911.2014.892113 ].

FR: théorie Act-InURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JRXXXPG1-0

ACT-R

→ Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational

action memoryBT: episodic memoryMemory for actions, especially those described in sentences.

• Hainselin, M., Quinette, P., & Eustache, F. (2013). Qu’est-ce que la mémoirede l’action ? Revue théorique et perspectives. Revue de Neuropsychologie,Neurosciences Cognitives et Cliniques, 5(2), 129–134.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire des actionsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H946N395-N

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 7

ACTIVATION

activationBT: retrievalNT: spreading activationProcess to make information stored in memory available for furtherprocessing.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: activationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BWPK8GHJ-DEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09741

[Cognitive Atlas]

active memory

→ short-term memory

Adaptive Control of Thought-RationalSyn: ACT-RBT: computational modelRT: · declarative memory

· procedural memoryACT-R is a cognitive architecture, that is to say, a theory abouthow human cognition works. It allows to create simulation modelsof cognition, including models of learning and memory. ACT-R is ahybrid theory, involving serial and parallel processing of information.The architecture thus has a symbolic level (rules, facts, goals) and asubsymbolic level.

• Anderson, J. R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., & Qin, Y.(2004). An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review, 111(4), 1036–1060. [ doi:1037/0033-295X.111.4.1036. ].

• Ritter, F. E., Tehranchi, F., & Oury, J. D. (2019). ACT-R: A cognitive architecturefor modeling cognition. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science,10(3), e1488. [ doi:10.1002/wcs.1488 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: Adaptive Control of Thought-RationalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B3DPH6C2-BEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACT-R [Wikipedia EN]

adaptive memoryBT: memoryRT: · animacy effect

· episodic memory· survival effect· zombie effect

NT: survival processingTerm referring to the fact that the function of memory is to solve adaptiveproblems, that is to say, to improve survival and reproduction (fitness).

• Bonin, P., & Bugaiska, A. (2014). « Survivre pour se souvenir » Uneapproche novatrice de la mémoire humaine : la mémoire adaptative. L’AnnéePsychologique, 114(03), 571#610. [ doi:10.4074/S0003503314003066 ].

• Nairne, J. S. (2010). Adaptive memory: Evolutionary constraints onremembering. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation(Vol. 53, p. 1#32). New York: Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(10)53001-9 ].

• Nairne, J. S., Pandeirada, J. N. S., & Fernandes, N. L. (2017). Adaptive Memory.In J. H. Byrne (Ed.), Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference(Second Edition) (p. 279#293). Oxford: Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.21060-2 ].

• Schwartz, B. L., Howe, M. L., Toglia, M. P., & Otgaar, H. (Eds.). (2013). What isadaptive about adaptive memory? New York: Oxford University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire adaptativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FWGQVH2S-REQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680748 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_memory [Wikipedia EN]

Adjusted Ratio of Clustering

→ ARC index

affective priming taskBT: methodologyRT: · emotion valence

· primingPriming task in which the subject is asked to evaluate the emotionalvalence of a stimulus that was preceded by another stimulus (prime)of the same valence or of a different valence. The performance isbetter when the valence is the same between the prime and the targetstimulus.

• Berthet, V., & Kop, J.-L. (2010). L’amorçage affectif : données empiriqueset modèles théoriques. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revuecanadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 64(3), 165#179. [ doi:10.1037/a0020765 ].

• Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On theautomatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50(2), 229#238. [ doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.229 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'amorçage affectifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KKJ8HJ4W-6

8 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

ALPHA SPAN

affective working memoryBT: working memoryRT: emotionWorking memory sub-system for the temporary maintenance ofemotional representations.

• Mikels, J. A., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. (2019). Affective working memory: Anintegrative psychological construct. Perspectives on Psychological Science,1745691619837597. [ doi:10.1177/1745691619837597 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire de travail affectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V8S67RRQ-L

affordanceBT: cognitionRT: embodied cognitionIn Gibson's ecological theory of perception, this term refers to allopportunities for action on an object.

• Chong, I., & Proctor, R. W. (2020). On the evolution of a radicalconcept : Affordances according to Gibson and their subsequent use anddevelopment. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(11), 117–132.[ doi:10.1177/1745691619868207 ].

• Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.

• Luyat, M., & Regia-Corte, T. (2009). Les affordances : De James Jerome Gibsonaux formalisations récentes du concept. L’Année psychologique, 109(2), 297.[ doi:10.4074/S000350330900205X ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: affordanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MSJWRPRN-5EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordance [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordance [Wikipedia EN]

age-associated memory impairmentBT: memory disorderSet of criteria for diagnosing benign memory impairment observedin normal aging: Subjects must be aged at least 50 years; Subjectscomplain about their memory; The performance in objective memorytests show memory problems compared to younger subjects; Absenceof dementia and other conditions that may cause cognitive impairment.

• Derouesné, C., Rapin, J.-R., Lacomblez, L. (2004). Plainte mnésique chez 200sujets répondant aux critères de l’age-associated memory impairment : corrélatspsychoaffectifs et cognitifs. Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement,2(1), 67-74.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: déficit de la mémoire lié à l'âgeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D2TCLM5Z-6EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0337126 [MeSH]

agnosiaBT: memory disorderNT: prosopagnosiaInability to recognize certain types of stimuli (objects, faces, sounds,etc.) in the absence of sensory deficits.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: agnosieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L7TX8929-9

alcohol myopiaBT: theoryRT: episodic memoryHypothesis that alcohol consumption causes a narrowing of attention.This would result in a poorer memory of the peripheral informationabout an event, while the memory of the central information would bepreserved.

• Schreiber Compo, N., Evans, J. R., Carol, R. N., Kemp, D., Villalba, D., Ham, L.S., & Rose, S. (2011). Alcohol intoxication and memory for events : A snapshotof alcohol myopia in a real-world drinking scenario. Memory, 19(2), 202#210.[ doi:10.1080/09658211.2010.546802. ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: myopie alcooliqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VFWGDTGW-REQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16002418 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_myopia [Wikipedia EN]

allocation of study timeBT: procedural metamemoryAssigning a learning period for memorizing items.

• Son, L. K., & Kornell, N. (2008). Research on the allocation of study time:Key studies from 1890 to the present (and beyond). In J. Dunlovsky & R. A.Bjork (Eds.), Handbook of Metamemory and Memory (pp. 333–351). New York:Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: allocation d’un temps d’étudeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W33H358F-7

alpha spanBT: complex span taskRT: · verbal memory

· working memorySpan task during which subjects are required to recall series of wordsin alphabetical order (and not by presentation order).

• Craik, F. I. M. (1986). A functional account of age differences in memory. In F. Klix& H. Hagendorf (Eds.), Human Memory and Cognitive Capabilities (p. 409-422).Amsterdam: North-Holland.

• Craik, F. I. M., Bialystok, E., Gillingham, S., & Stuss, D. T. (2018). Alphaspan: A measure of working memory. Canadian Journal of ExperimentalPsychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 72(3), 141#152.[ doi:10.1037/cep0000143 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan alphaURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CG935LNV-M

Alzheimer's dementia

→ Alzheimer's disease

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 9

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Alzheimer's diseaseSyn: · Alzheimer's dementia

· dementia of the Alzheimer typeBT: memory disorderDegenerative brain disease (presence of senile plaques andneurofibrillary degeneration). Brain atrophy begins in the hippocampalregion, extends to associative regions and then to frontal regions.Memory disorders are the first signs of the disease. Several aspects ofmemory are affected in Alzheimer's disease: episodic memory (whichcan disrupt people's sense of identity), semantic memory, workingmemory (including the central administrator). Procedural memory ismore resistant to disease and perceptual priming is preserved.

• Eustache, F., Giffard, B., Rauchs, G., Chételat, G., Piolino, P., & Desgranges, B.(2006). La maladie d’Alzheimer et la mémoire humaine. Revue Neurologique,162(10), 929–939. [ doi:10.1016/S0035-3787(06)75102-5 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: maladie d'AlzheimerURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T0KQ9RM8-4EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_d'Alzheimer [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer's_disease [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0000842 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/Alzheimer's_disease [SAGE]

amnesiaBT: memory disorderRT: TraceLink modelNT: · amnestic mild cognitive impairment

· amnestic syndrome· anterograde amnesia· functional amnesia· retrograde amnesia· source amnesia· topographical memory loss· transient epileptic amnesia· transient global amnesia

General term for the loss, psychogenic or organic (brain damage),transient or permanent, partial or complete, of memories.

• Rosenbaum, R. S., Murphy, K. J., & Rich, J. B. (2012). The amnesias.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 3(1), 47-63. [ doi:10.1002/wcs.155 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Neurology

· PsychologyFR: amnésieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZC448SL7-TEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11072 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnésie [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesia [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0000989 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/amnesia[SAGE]

amnestic mild cognitive impairmentBT: · amnesia

· mild cognitive impairmentMild cognitive impairment limited to disorders of episodic memory.

• Li, X., & Zhang, Z. (2015). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging characteristicsof amnestic mild cognitive impairment subtypes: A selective overview. CNSNeuroscience & Therapeutics, 21(10), 776#783. [ doi:10.1111/cns.12391 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: déficit cognitif léger amnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BX5D54L4-6

amnestic syndromeBT: amnesiaNT: · bi-hippocampal amnestic syndrome

· developmental amnesia· Korsakoff syndrome

A memory disorder with different etiologies, caused by brain damage,characterized by anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Other aspectsof memory are preserved (implicit memory, procedural memory, short-term memory) as well as other cognitive functions.

• Ali-Chérif, A. (1991). Les syndromes amnésiques. In Bruyer, R., Van der Linder,M. Neuropsychologie de la mémoire humaine. Grenoble : Presses universitairesde Grenoble.

• Eustache, F., & Desgranges, B. (2003). Concepts et modèles enneuropsychologie de la mémoire. In Meulemans, T., Desgranges, B., Adam,S., Eustache, F. (eds.). Évaluation et prise en charge des troubles mnésiques.Marseille : Solal.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: syndrome amnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VSZT26MD-V

amodal representationBT: semantic memoryIdea that conceptual representations are abstract and have lost theirperceptual properties.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: représentation amodaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FS7BMM5M-8EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d097d6

[Cognitive Atlas]

AMT

→ Autobiographical Memory Test

10 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

ANTICIPATION ERROR

amygdalaSyn: · amygdaloid body

· amygdaloid complex· amygdaloid nuclear complex· amygdaloid nuclear groups· amygdaloid nucleus· archistriatum

BT: medial temporal lobeRT: · emotion

· emotional consolidationStructure of the medial temporal lobe involved in emotional memory.

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: amygdaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W52CFWZ4-9EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338924 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdale_(cerveau) [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0001044 [MeSH]

amygdaloid body

→ amygdala

amygdaloid complex

→ amygdala

amygdaloid nuclear complex

→ amygdala

amygdaloid nuclear groups

→ amygdala

amygdaloid nucleus

→ amygdala

animacy effectBT: memory biasRT: · adaptive memory

· episodic memoryBetter memory for animate stimuli than for inanimate stimuli.

• Nairne, J. S., VanArsdall, J. E., Pandeirada, J. N. S., Cogdill, M., & LeBreton,J. M. (2013). Adaptive memory: The mnemonic value of animacy. PsychologicalScience, 24(10), 2099-2105. [ doi:10.1177/0956797613480803 ].

• VanArsdall, J. E., Nairne, J. S., Pandeirada, J. N. S., & Blunt, J. R. (2013).Adaptive memory: animacy processing produces mnemonic advantages.Experimental Psychology, 60(3), 172-178. [ doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000186 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'animacitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GV6SHZPV-4

anoetic consciousnessBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: procedural memoryAccording to Tulving, procedural memory is said to be noetic as it isexpressed directly in behavior and action, i.e. without consciousness.

• Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 26(1), 1#12. [ doi:10.1037/h0080017 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: conscience anoétiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VBNTF4K7-N

anterograde amnesiaBT: amnesiaRT: · episodic memory

· everyday amnesiaNT: prosopamnesiaType of amnesia charaterized by a difficulty for the patient to make newepisodic learning since the beginning of the disease.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: amnésie antérogradeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P7FZPNZP-6EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572111 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnésie_antérograde [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0328096 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/anterograde_amnesia [SAGE]

anti-reminiscence bump BT: memory biasRT: · nonbelieved memory

· reminiscence bumpVivid memories that are no longer believed are mostly early and middlechildhood memories.

• Scoboria, A., Nespoli, K., & Boucher, C. (2019). An anti-reminiscence bump forchildhood memory: Revisiting the dating of nonbelieved memories. Psychologyof Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. [ doi:10.1037/cns0000179 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: pic d'antiréminiscenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TM823L3J-7

anticipation errorBT: transposition errorIn a serial recall task, a transposition error when a item is recalled beforeits correct position.

• Hurlstone, M. J., Hitch, G. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2014). Memory for serial orderacross domains: An overview of the literature and directions for future research.Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 339–373. [ doi:10.1037/a0034221 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: erreur d'anticipationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CSX6P8FN-1

aPKC

→ atypical protein kinase C

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 11

ARC INDEX

ARC indexSyn: Adjusted Ratio of ClusteringBT: methodologyRT: · clustering

· free recall taskMeasurement of item clustering by semantic category in free recall. Thescore ranges from 0 (chance clustering) to 1 (perfect clustering).

• Anderson, J. R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., & Qin, Y.(2004). An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review, 111(4), 1036–1060. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.1036. ].

PO: HumanDO: · Probability / Statistics

· PsychologyFR: indice ARCURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F9JXMC5G-M

archistriatum

→ amygdala

articulatory loopBT: phonological loopRT: · articulatory suppression

· rehearsalIn Baddeley's model of working memory, the articulatory loop is acomponent of the phonological loop. It is supposed to refresh theinformation in working memory (mental rehearsal) and to assume thephonological recoding of verbal information visually presented. Theidentification of the articulatory loop is based in particular on thearticulatory suppression and word length effects.

• Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower(Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 8, p. 47-89). New York:Academic Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: boucle articulatoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C14W3JK3-WEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0ba19

[Cognitive Atlas]

articulatory suppressionSyn: concurrent articulation effectBT: memory biasRT: · articulatory loop

· short-term memory· verbal span

Verbal span reduction when subjects articulate repeatedly an item(e.g., bla, bla, bla...) and concurrently to the span task. Articulatorysuppression eliminates the phonological similarity effect when thematerial is visually presented.

• Murray, D. J. (1967). The role of speech responses in short-term memory.Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie, 21(3),263–276. [ doi:10.1037/h0082978 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la suppression articulatoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QFQKMZV7-ZEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800965 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulatory_suppression [WikipediaEN]

artifical neural network

→ connectionism

artificial grammarBT: methodologyRT: implicit learningExperimental material based on artificial grammatical rules. Used tostudy implicit learning.

• Beckers, G. J. L., Berwick, R. C., Okanoya, K., & Bolhuis, J. J. (2017). Whatdo animals learn in artificial grammar studies? Neuroscience & BiobehavioralReviews, 81, 238#246. [ doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.021 ].

• Nicolas, S. (1996). L’apprentissage implicite : le cas des grammaires artificielles.L’année psychologique, 96(3), 459-493. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1996.28910 ].

• Pothos, E. M. (2007). Theories of artificial grammar learning. PsychologicalBulletin, 133(2), 227#244. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.227 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: grammaire artificielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WTJN0L7V-0EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176230 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_grammar_learning[Wikipedia EN]

association-memory

→ associative memory

associative blockingBT: interferenceRT: response competitionMechanism invoked to explain the interference phenomenon in memory.It is based on the idea of competition between memory traces. A cuefails to recover a memory because it is more strongly associated withanother memory.

• McGeoch, J. A. (1942). The psychology of human learning: An introduction. NewYork: Longmans.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: blocage associatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K7X9K20C-6

associative chainingBT: theoryRT: · associative memory

· associative strength· serial recall task

Theoretical approach proposed to explain serial recall. Each item in alist is associated in memory with the item that follows it, thus forming achain of associations. At the time of recall, each item is a cue to retrievethe next item. Theories of associative chaining accept associationsbetween remote items. However, the associative strength betweenitems is stronger when they are contiguous.

• Ebbinghaus, H.(1885). La mémoire : recherches de psychologie expérimentale.Traduction de S. Nicolas. Paris: L’Harmattan.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: chaînage associatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SLPWKCWM-3

12 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

ASSOCIATIVE UNLEARNING

associative deficitBT: theoryRT: · associative memory

· episodic memory· memory disorder

Hypothesis that impaired episodic memory in the elderly could beexplained by their difficulty in encoding and retrieving associations.

• Naveh-Benjamin, M. (2000). Adult age differences in memory performance:Tests of an associative deficit hypothesis. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(5), 1170-1187.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.5.1170 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: déficit associatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JCN78QXS-V

associative learningBT: learningRT: · law of effect

· law of exercise· paired-associates learning task

NT: · classical conditioning· operant conditioning

Generic term for all forms of learning based on association between astimulus and a response or between stimuli.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage associatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M69W6Z9B-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14330970 [Wikidata]

http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0001881 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/associative_learning [SAGE]

associative memorySyn: association-memoryBT: memoryRT: · associative chaining

· associative deficit· entorhinal cortex· paired-associates learning task· perirhinal cortex· positional coding theory

NT: · associative strength· binding· conjunctive memory· relational memory· unitization

Term for designating models which postulate that the associationprocesses are the basis for the organization and functioning of memory.

• Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1973). Human Associative Memory.Washington: Winston and Sons.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire associativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JQRWWNLB-8EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339939 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_memory_(psychology)[Wikipedia EN]

associative primingBT: primingRT: backward priming taskType of priming based on the probability of a word to generate anotherword (on the basis of verbal associations norms.)

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage associatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZRM8PCJF-CEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_5521a5f310604

[Cognitive Atlas]

associative recognition taskBT: recognition taskThe subjects memorize pairs of words and then are asked to recognizethe intact word pairs among rearranged word pairs.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reconnaissance associativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KKRTW8HQ-S

associative strengthBT: associative memoryRT: associative chainingNT: · backward associative strength

· forward associative strengthLevel of association between memories. The associative strength isoften inferred from the speed with which one memory is capableof eliciting another. The faster the process, the greater the strengthbetween the two memories. In a verbal association task, associativestrength can also be inferred from the frequencies of associationbetween a word and the responses it induces.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: force associativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SQ2MHWHN-Q

associative unlearningBT: retroactive interferenceOne of the processes used to explain retroactive interference. Itcorresponds to a weakening of the association between a cue andits response by learning an association between this cue and a newresponse.

• Melton, A. W., & Irwin, J. M. (1940). The influence of degree of interpolatedlearning on retroactive inhibition and the overt transfer of specific responses.The American Journal of Psychology, 53(2), 173-203. [ doi:10.2307/1417415 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: désapprentissage associatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QFHQC1SB-B

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 13

ASSOCIATIVE-ACTIVATION THEORY

associative-activation theoryBT: theoryRT: · DRM paradigm

· spontaneous false memory· spreading activation

Theory proposed to explain associative and spontaneous falsememories, and their development in children, such as those observedin the DRM paradigm. The words that people store in their semanticmemory activate the corresponding concepts. This activation thenspreads to other surrounding concepts that are associated with them.Non studied words can then be recalled or wrongly recognized becausethey correspond to concepts associated with words studied

• Howe, M. L., Wimmer, M. C., Gagnon, N., & Plumpton, S. (2009). An associative-activation theory of children’s and adults’ memory illusions. Journal of Memoryand Language, 60(2), 229-251. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2008.10.00 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie de l'activation associativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J3TGR3QW-V

asymmetry effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· free recall taskWhen subjects recall an item, they tend to remember afterwards theitem that followed it in the study list (forward direction) rather than theone before it (backward direction).

• Kahana, M. J. (1996). Associative retrieval processes in free recall. Memory &Cognition, 24(1), 103#109. [ doi:10.3758/BF03197276 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'asymétrieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-STBPVNZ5-P

ATHENA modelBT: · global matching model

· multiple trace modelRT: · Act-In model

· Act-In theory· embodied cognition· memory· MINERVA 2

• Briglia, J., Servajean, P., Michalland, A.-H., Brunel, L., & Brouillet, D. (2018).Modeling an enactivist multiple-trace memory. ATHENA: A fractal model ofhuman memory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 82, 97#110. [ doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2017.12.002 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle ATHENAURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K26DPGJM-0

Atkinson and Shiffrin's model

→ modal model of memory

attentionBT: cognitionRT: · attentional narrowing

· central executive· executive functions· short-term consolidation· supervisory attentional system

NT: · divided attention· focus of attention· selective attention· task switching

Focusing on a selection of environmental stimuli or cognitiverepresentations to improve their processing.

• Fawcett, J. M., Risko, E. F., & Kingstone, A. (Eds.). (2015). The handbook ofattention. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

• Lachaux, J.-P. (2013). Le cerveau attentif. Paris: Odile Jacob.• Maquestiaux, F. (2017). Psychologie de l’attention (2ᵉ éd.). Louvain-la-Neuve:

De Boeck.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: attentionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N6QV4DTJ-WEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09902

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501338 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0001941 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/attention_(psychology)" [SAGE]

attentional boost effectBT: memory biasRT: · divided attention

· episodic memorySubjects encode stimuli in memory (e.g., faces) while performing atarget detection task (e.g., pressing a button when a blue squareappears next to a face and not pressing when the square is of a differentcolor). Long-term memory is enhanced when the stimuli are encodedwith the target (blue square).

• Swallow, K. M., & Jiang, Y. V. (2010). The Attentional Boost Effect: Transientincreases in attention to one task enhance performance in a second task.Cognition, 115(1), 118#132. [ doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.12.003 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'amélioration attentionnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G1863DQM-7

attentional focus

→ focus of attention

attentional focusing

→ focus of attention

14 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

AUDITORY IMAGERY

attentional narrowingBT: theoryRT: · attention

· emotion· episodic memory· tunnel memory· weapon focus effect

Hypothesis that intense emotions or stress focus the subject's attentionon the central details of an event. Thus these details are wellremembered, while the memory of the event's peripheral details isreduced.

• Easterbrook, J. A. (1959). The effect of emotion on cue utilization and theorganization of behavior. Psychological Review, 66(3), 183#201. [ doi:10.1037/h0047707 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: rétrécissement attentionnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X1VXS02G-J

attentional refreshingBT: focus of attentionRT: time-based resource sharing modelMechanism for information maintenance in working memory by focusingattention on an item to remember, allowing it to remain active.

• Barrouillet, P., Bernardin, S., & Camos, V. (2004). Time constraints and resourcesharing in adults’ working memory spans. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 133(1), 83#100. [ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.83 ].

• Camos, V., Johnson, M., Loaiza, V., Portrat, S., Souza, A., & Vergauwe, E.(2018). What is attentional refreshing in working memory? Annals of the NewYork Academy of Sciences, 1424(1), 19#32. [ doi:10.1111/nyas.13616 ].

• Raye, C. L., Johnson, M. K., Mitchell, K. J., Greene, E. J., & Johnson, M.R. (2007). Refreshing : A minimal executive function. Cortex, 43(1), 135#145.[ doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70451-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: rafraichissement attentionelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C0485LPN-H

attribute

→ semantic feature

attribute amnesiaBT: incidental forgettingRT: visual memoryDifficulty to remember an attribute of a visual stimulus (e.g., color) duringa surprise memory test even though the subject has previously paidattention to this attribute to locate the stimulus among distractors.

• Chen, H., & Wyble, B. (2015). Amnesia for object attributes: Failure to reportattended information that had just reached conscious awareness. PsychologicalScience, 26(2), 203-210. [ doi:10.1177/0956797614560648 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amnésie des attributsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JN3XR89C-C

atypical protein kinase CSyn: aPKCBT: protein kinase CRT: · learning

· memoryNT: protein kinase Mζ• Sun, M.-K., & Alkon, D. L. (2014). The “Memory Kinases”: Roles of PKC Isoforms

in Signal Processing and Memory Formation. In Z. U. Khan & E. C. Muly (Éd.),Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science (Vol. 122, p. 31#59).Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-420170-5.00002-7 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: protéine kinase C atypiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J5QWXQ4R-SEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29710245 [Wikidata]

auditory deviant effect BT: irrelevant sound effectRT: · serial recall task

· short-term memory· verbal memory· verbal span

Disruption of short-term verbal memory when the memory task wasperformed while the subject was hearing a sequence of sounds that heor she should ignore and one of which differed unexpectedly from theothers.

• Hughes, R., Vachon, F., & Jones, D. (2007). Disruption of short-term memoryby changing and deviant sounds: Support for a duplex-mechanism account ofauditory distraction. Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, andcognition, 33, 1050#1061. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.33.6.1050 ].

• Lange, E. B. (2005). Disruption of attention by irrelevant stimuli in serialrecall. Journal of Memory and Language, 53(4), 513#531. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2005.07.002 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du déviant auditif URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XC3L37BB-8

auditory image

→ auditory imagery

auditory imagerySyn: auditory imageBT: mental imageryMental imagery using the auditory modality.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: imagerie auditiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V69K7F95-MEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09a6c

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4820033 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_imagery [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/auditory_imagery [SAGE]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 15

AUDITORY MEMORY

auditory memoryBT: memoryNT: echoic memoryGeneric term used for the encoding, storage and retrieval of auditoryinformation.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire auditiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J2ZKSKT7-XEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09aa7

[Cognitive Atlas]

auditory persistence

→ echoic memory

auto-associative memoryBT: connectionismRT: pattern completionIn a neural network, type of memory in which an item can be retrievedfrom a fragment of it.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: · Informatics· Psychology

FR: mémoire autoassociativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z85MW4D6-7EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826150 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoassociative_memory[Wikipedia EN]

autobiographical fluencyBT: autobiographical memoryNumber of autobiographical memories or knowledge that a person isable to generate in a given time with a cue (e.g., a specific period of life).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fluence autobiographiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N19X98NP-Q

autobiographical fluency taskBT: methodologyRT: autobiographical memoryStudy method of autobiographical memory. For different periods of life,subjects are asked to recall autobiographical episodic (experiencedevents) and semantic (person names) memories in a given time. Thistask allows to understand the ease with which these memories cometo mind.

• Dritschel, B. H., Williams, J. M. G., Baddeley, A. D., & Nimmo-Smith, I. (1992).Autobiographical fluency: A method for the study of personal memory. Memory& cognition, 20(2), 133–140. [ doi:10.3758/BF03197162 ].

• Rathbone, C. J., & Moulin, C. J. A. (2014). Measuring autobiographical fluencyin the self-memory system. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,67(9), 1661-1667. [ doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.913069 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de fluence autobiographiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GV12X82M-C

autobiographical knowledge baseBT: autobiographical memoryRT: self-memory systemPO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: base de connaissances autobiographiquesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S7K3LMKQ-0

autobiographical memoryBT: declarative memoryRT: · autobiographical fluency task

· Autobiographical Memory Test· CARFAX model· cognitive interview· cue-word method· default mode network· diary method· episodic memory· everyday amnesia· false feedback method· false feedback paradigm· field point of view· forced confabulation paradigm· implanted false memory· important memories method· infantile amnesia· involuntary memory diary method · Memory Characteristics Questionnaire· Memory Experiences Questionaire· NICHD protocol· observer point of view· reminiscence bump· rumor mongering paradigm· self-memory model· self-memory system· severely deficient autobiographical memory· Test of Episodic Memory for the AutobiographicalPast· uncinate fasciculus

NT: · autobiographical fluency· autobiographical knowledge base· autobiographical memory network· conceptual self· estimator variable· flashbulb memory· highly superior autobiographical memory· historically defined autobiographical period· hotspot· life script· nonbelieved memory· overgeneral memory· personal semantic memory· principle of coherence· principle of correspondence· recollective confabulation· reminiscence style· self-defining memory· system variable· vicarious memory· working self

Memory of events whose reference is the subject itself. According torecent models, autobiographical memory has both episodic aspects

16 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

AUTONOETIC CONSCIOUSNESS

(memories of specific events) and semantic aspects (personalsemantics, i.e. general information about the subject's past).

• Berntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (Eds.). (2012). Understanding AutobiographicalMemory: Theories and Approaches. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

• Piolino, P., Desgranges, B., Eustache, F. (2000). La mémoire autobiographique :théorie et pratique. Solal : Marseille.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire autobiographiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D720VZZ8-3EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09b10

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682304 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobiographical_memory[Wikipedia EN]

autobiographical memory networkBT: · autobiographical memory

· brainA set of brain regions, mostly located in the left hemisphere,involved in retrieving autobiographical memories. The core networkof autobiographical memory comprises the medial and ventro-lateralprefrontal cortex, the medial and lateral temporal cortex, the temporo-parietal junction, the retrosplenial/posterior cingular cortex and thecerebellum.

• Svoboda, E., McKinnon, M. C., & Levine, B. (2006). Thefunctional neuroanatomy of autobiographical memory: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia, 44(12), 2189–2208. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.05.023 ].

PO: HumanFR: réseau de la mémoire autobiographiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HCFM2N9D-P

Autobiographical Memory TestSyn: AMTBT: neuropsychological testRT: · autobiographical memory

· overgeneral memoryTask to assess the level of specificity of autobiographical memories.Derived from the cue-word method, it is mostly used in a clinical setting,especially for assessing the existence of overgeneral autobiographicalmemories (for example, in people with depression and in post-traumaticstress disorder). Subjects must generate autobiographical memoriesfrom positive (eg, happy) or negative (eg, injured) cue-words. Thereare variations of this task (inclusion or not of emotionally neutral words,number of cue-words, instructions, etc.)

• Deplus, S., Grégoire, J., & Van Broeck, N. (2013). Tâche d’évaluation dela mémoire autobiographique (TEMA) adaptée à l’enfant. Revue Européennede Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 63(3),159-172. [ doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.10.001 ].

• Dritschel, B., Beltsos, S., & McClintock, S. M. (2013). An "alternatinginstructions" version of the Autobiographical Memory Test for assessingautobiographical memory specificity in non-clinical populations. Memory, 22(8),881-889. [ doi:10.1080/09658211.2013.839710 ].

• Van Vreeswijk, M. F., & de Wilde, E. J. (2004). Autobiographicalmemory specificity, psychopathology, depressed mood and the use of theAutobiographical Memory Test: a meta-analysis. Behaviour Research andTherapy, 42(6), 731-743. [ doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00194-3 ].

• Williams, J. M., & Broadbent, K. (1986). Autobiographical memory insuicide attempters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(2), 144-149.[ doi:10.1037/0021-843X.95.2.144 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: Test de Mémoire AutobiographiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GXN88QST-D

automatic primingBT: primingRT: · automatic processing

· strategic primingPriming based on automatic processes, i.e., unintentional, non-conscious, fast and insensitive to interference.

• Posner, M. I., & Snyder, C. R. R. (1975). Attention and cognitive control. In R.L. Solso (Ed.), Information Processing and Cognition: The Loyola Symposium(pp. 55-86). Lawrence Erlbaum : Hillsdale.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage automatiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CQXRHPS1-8

automatic processingBT: cognitionRT: · automatic priming

· episodic trace· process dissociation procedure

Type of information processing not requiring attention, insensitive tointerference, triggered once the conditions are met and difficult to stop.

• Birnboim, S. (2003). The automatic and controlled information-processingdissociation: Is it still relevant? Neuropsychology Review, 13(1), 19–31.[ doi:10.1023/A:1022348506064 ].

• Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic humaninformation processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychologicalreview, 84(1), 1-66. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.1.1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement automatiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T9L3NRZF-S

autonoesis

→ autonoetic consciousness

autonoetic awareness

→ autonoetic consciousness

autonoetic consciousnessSyn: · autonoesis

· autonoetic awarenessBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: · episodic memory

· R/K paradigm· uncinate fasciculus

According to Tulving, phenomenological feature of episodic memory.Marked by self-identity, autonoetic consciousness is characterized bythe ability to relive remembered events, and mentally travel in time (past,present, future).

• Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 26(1), 1#12. [ doi:10.1037/h0080017 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: conscience autonoétiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NLZ8TQF6-1EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4ff1fc04e22e8

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826766 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonoetic_consciousness[Wikipedia EN]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 17

BACKWARD ASSOCIATIVE STRENGTH

Bbackward associative strengthBT: associative strengthRT: forward associative strengthThe ability of a memory to elicit a memory that preceded it. In a verbalassociation task, the frequency with which a word induces in return theword that generated it by association forward.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: force associative à reboursURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F2M62TMW-7

backward conditioning Syn: backward pairingBT: methodologyRT: classical conditioningProcedure in classical conditioning consisting of presenting theunconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus.

• Doré, F.-Y., & Mercier, P. (1992). Les fondements de l’apprentissage et de lacognition. Lille: Presses Universitaires de Lille.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: conditionnement rétroactif URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V7V4ZHN0-Z

backward digit spanBT: complex span taskRT: central executiveSpan task in which the subject must remember increasing sets of digitsin reverse order of presentation.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan de chiffres inverséURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C9WFMXZH-X

backward pairing

→ backward conditioning

backward priming taskBT: methodologyRT: associative primingForm of associative priming when a word generated by verbalassociation by another word is used as a prime. For example, if the wordLIGHT generates by free association the word LAMP, the backwardpriming will be to display LAMP before LIGHT.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'amorçage à reboursURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZWWLGXZG-9

backward serial position curveBT: serial position effectSerial recall accuracy according to the position of items in the study listwhen the serial recall is done from the end to the beginning of the list.The recency effect is enhanced while the primacy effect is reduced.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe de position sérielle rétrogradeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W6ZDJNZD-F

Baddeley's modelSyn: multicomponent working memory modelBT: · non-computational model

· working memoryRT: · central executive

· episodic buffer· phonological loop· visuo-spatial sketchpad

Model according to which working memory is composed of severalinteracting systems: central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatialsketchpad and episodic buffer.

• Baddeley, A. (2012). Working memory: Theories, models, and controversies.Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 1-29. [ doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100422 ].

• Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.),Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 8, p. 47#89). Academic Press.[ doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60452-1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle de BaddeleyURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BWQVN9PH-TEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220986 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory [Wikipedia EN]

Baker/baker effect

→ Baker/baker paradox

Baker/baker paradoxSyn: Baker/baker effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· semantic memoryPeople remember more words associated with faces when these wordsmean an occupation (baker) rather than a proper name (Mr Baker).

• Cohen, G. (1990). Why is it difficult to put names to faces? British Journal ofPsychology, 81(3), 287-297. [ doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1990.tb02362.x ].

• McWeeny, K. H. Y., Andrew W. Hay. Dennis C. Ellis. Andrew W. (1987). Puttingnames to faces. British Journal of Psychology, 78(2), 143#149. [ doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1987.tb02235.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradoxe Boulanger/boulangerURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X0VMPJWV-0

18 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

BINDING

basic levelBT: categorizationRT: semantic memoryAccording to Rosch's theory of natural categories, a privilegedcategorical level of information processing.

• Cordier, F. (1993). Les représentations cognitives privilégiées : typicalité etniveau de base. Presses Universitaires de Lille : Lille.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: niveau de baseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W3JQ1BQL-Q

Bayesian modelsBT: computational modelThe brain is constantly making predictions and decisions underuncertainty, trying to find an optimal response. One approach incognitive science attempts to model this mode of functioning by usinga formula developed by the British mathematician Thomas Bayes(1702-1761). In a nutshell, this formula evaluates the probability of anevent as new information becomes known. The Bayesian approach isused to model many cognitive activities, including memory.

• Chater, N., Oaksford, M., Hahn, U., & Heit, E. (2010). Bayesian models ofcognition. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 1(6), 811-823.[ doi:10.1002/wcs.79 ].

• Griffiths, T. L., Kemp, C., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2008). Bayesian models ofcognition. In R. Sun (Éds.), Cambridge Handbook of Computational Pychology(p. 59–100). Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

DO: · Probability / Statistics· Psychology

FR: modèles bayésiensURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LCH276BW-0

BDNF

→ brain-derived neurotrophic factor

bi-hippocampal amnestic syndromeBT: amnestic syndromeThe typical example of this amnestic syndrome is the H. M. case,widely described in the neuropsychological literature. Following bilateralresection of the hippocampus and para-hippocampal gyrus to treatepilepsy, H. M. presented a pure amnestic syndrome, with noother cognitive alterations. Anterograde amnesia was massive, withretrograde amnesia appearing to be less severe than in Korsakoff'ssyndrome. This syndrome can have other causes such as encephalitis,cerebral anoxia, vascular lesions, tumours or brain traumas. In thesecases, the amnestic syndrome is not as pure as in the H. M. case.

• Scoville, W. B., & Milner, B. (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateralhippocampal lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 20(1),11#21.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: syndrome amnésique bi-hippocampiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CVKSXP7H-H

BIC modelSyn: Binding items and contexts modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · episodic memory

· familiarity· hippocampus· perirhinal cortex· recognition task· recollection

Model of episodic memory according to which the hippocampus,the perirhinal cortex and the parahippocampal cortex are involved inrecollection and familiarity processes during recognition tasks. Theperirhinal cortex is engaged in encoding and retrieving items. It isinvolved in the process of familiarity. The parahippocampal cortexparticipates in encoding and retrieving the context. It is involved inrecollection process. The hippocampus binds the item to its context andintervenes in the recollection process.

• Diana, R. A., Yonelinas, A. P., & Ranganath, C. (2007). Imaging recollectionand familiarity in the medial temporal lobe: A three-component model. Trends incognitive sciences, 11(9), 379–386. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.001 ].

PO: HumanFR: modèle BICURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N7PJSR9P-N

bilateral field advantageBT: memory biasRT: · short-term memory

· visual memoryIn short-term visual memory, subjects remembered more itemsdistributed in both visual fields (eg., best memory of two digits wheneach digit is presented in a different visual half-field) compared to itemspresented in one half-field (for example, two digits in the same visualhalf-field).

• Delvenne, J.-F. (2005). The capacity of visual short-term memorywithin and between hemifields. Cognition, 96(3), B79-B88. [ doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2004.12.007 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: avantage du champ bilatéralURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MKLV8423-F

bindingBT: associative memoryRT: · conjunctive memory

· relational memoryProcess for integrating informations to form a coherent memory of anobject or event.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: liageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ND80SHXD-0

Binding items and contexts model

→ BIC model

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 19

BIOLOGICAL FACTOR

biological factorNT: · enzyme

· gene· neurotransmitter· neurotrophin· transcription factor

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: facteur biologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S76B678K-0EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0002530 [MeSH]

bizarreness effectBT: secondary distinctiveness effectRT: episodic memoryBizarre items are better memorized when they are presented withcommon or plausible items.

• Einstein, G. O., & McDaniel, M. A. (1987). Distinctiveness and the mnemonicbenefits of bizarre imagery. In M. A. McDaniel & M. Pressley (Eds.), Imagery andrelated mnemonic processes: Theories, individual differences, and applications(pp. 78–102). New York: Springer.

• Nicolas, S., & Gounden, Y. (2011). L’imagerie bizarre et la mémoire. PsychologieFrançaise, 56(4), 203#208. [ doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2011.10.002 ].

• Worthen, J. B. (2006). Resolution of discrepant memory strengths: Anexplanation of the effects of bizarreness on memory. In R. R. Hunt & J. B.Worthen (Eds.), Distinctiveness and memory (pp. 133–156). New York: OxfordUniversity Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la bizarrerieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CH49F4H4-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16978941 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizarreness_effect [Wikipedia EN]

bottom-up processingBT: cognitionType of information processing related to the analysis of the stimulus(e.g. spatial frequency, luminance ...)

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement ascendantURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H399QLLG-0

boundary extension illusionBT: spontaneous false memoryRT: visual memoryMemory distortion when a picture or a photograph are remembered witha greater extent than actually present, as if the subject was using in hismemory a wider angle of view, going as far as inserting new items in thenew created space (Intraud & Richardson, 1989).

• Intraub, H., & Richardson, M. (1989). Wide-angle memories of close-up scenes.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15(2),179#187. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.15.2.179 ].

• Ménétrier, E., Didierjean, A., & Marmèche, É. (2011). Le système visuel traite-t-il les photographies comme des fenêtres ouvertes sur le monde? L'AnnéePsychologique, 111(4), 753#773. [ doi:10.4074/S0003503311004064 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: illusion de l'extension des limitesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MXQ2WQPV-P

brainRT: · event-related potentials

· sensory reactivation hypothesis· subsequent memory effect

NT: · autobiographical memory network· core recollection network· default mode network· frontal lobe· long-term depression· long-term potentiation· MT+ area· old/new effect· Papez circuit· paradoxal sleep· parietal lobe· parietal memory network· repetition enhancement· repetition suppression· temporal lobe· uncinate fasciculus

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: NeurologyFR: encéphaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QXWD8ZSB-9EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encéphale [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0002865 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/brain[SAGE]

brain-derived neurotrophic factorSyn: BDNFBT: neurotrophinRT: · hippocampus

· long-term memory• Bekinschtein, P., Cammarota, M., & Medina, J. H. (2014). BDNF and

memory processing. Neuropharmacology, 76, 677#683. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.024 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: facteur neurotrophique dérivé du cerveauURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FLCSWJN7-5EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123045 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facteur_neurotrophique_dérivé_du_cerveau [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0028612 [MeSH]

20 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

BUFFER MEMORY

Brown-Peterson taskBT: methodologyRT: · central executive

· distractor task· forgetting· short-term memory

Experimental technique for studying forgetting in short-term memoryand also used as a measure of the central executive of working memory(Brown, 1958; Peterson & Peterson, 1959). The task is to presentseries of three consonants. After the presentation of each series, thesubject has to perform either an immediate recall of the consonants,or to perform a counting backwards task starting from a three-digitnumber. The duration of this counting task varies from 3 to 18 seconds.Immediate recall raises an excellent memory of each series of threeconsonants. However, the counting task disrupts memory. After a 3-second interval occupied by this task, a bit more than 50% of the itemsare recalled, a little more than 20% after a 9-second interval and lessthan 10% after a 18-second interval.

• Brown, J. (1958). Some tests of the decay theory of immediatememory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10(1), 12–21.[ doi:10.1080/17470215808416249 ].

• Peterson, L., & Peterson, M. J. (1959). Short-term retention of individual verbalitems. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(3), 193–198. [ doi:10.1037/h0049234 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de Brown-PetersonURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XSTMKDMS-MEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4976842 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown-Peterson_task [WikipediaEN]

buffer memoryBT: short-term memoryA term borrowed from informatics to characterize one of the supposedfunctions of short-term memory, the temporary maintenance ofinformation awaiting further processing.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire tamponURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DQFF84XW-R

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 21

CALIBRATION

CcalibrationBT: methodologyRT: confidenceStatistical methods to study the relationship between the level ofconfidence that people attribute to their memories with the actualperformance of their memory.

• Olsson, N. (2000). A comparison of correlation, calibration, anddiagnosticity as measures of the confidence–accuracy relationship inwitness identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 504#511.[ doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.504 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: calibrageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M0VC2PD0-1

California Verbal Learning Test Syn: CVLTBT: neuropsychological testRT: · clustering

· cued recall task· episodic memory· free recall task· long-term memory· memory disorder· proactive interference· retroactive interference· short-term memory· strategy· verbal memory· yes/no recognition task

Neuropsychological test for the assessment of verbal episodic memoryimpairments.

• Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1987). CVLT, CaliforniaVerbal Learning Test: Adult Version: Manual. San Antonio: PsychologicalCorporation.

• Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (2000). CaliforniaVerbal Learning Test – Second edition. Adult version. Manual. San Antonio:Psychological Corporation

• Elwood, R. W. (1995). The California Verbal Learning Test: Psychometriccharacteristics and clinical application. Neuropsychology Review, 5(3),173#201. [ doi:10.1007/BF02214761 ].

PO: HumanFR: test d’apprentissage verbal de Californie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LCXJWWJX-CEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Verbal_Learning_Test

[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000620958 [MeSH]

cAMP response element-binding factor

→ CREB factor

CARFAX modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · autobiographical memory

· overgeneral memoryModel describing the mechanisms underlying the recovery ofovergeneral autobiographical memories and prematurely interruptingthe memory research process: capture of cognitive resources andrumination (CaR), functional avoidance (FA) and impaired executivecontrol capacities (X).

• Williams, J. M. G. (2006). Capture and rumination, functionalavoidance, and executive control (CaRFAX): Three processes thatunderlie overgeneral memory. Cognition and Emotion, 20(3#4), 548#568.[ doi:10.1080/02699930500450465 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle CARFAXURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CGBPFW9L-K

categorical frequency estimationBT: judgment of frequencyExemplars belonging to various semantic categories are presented tothe subject. Then, s/he has to remember the number of exemplars foreach category.

• Alba, J. W., Chromiak, W., Hasher, L., & Attig, M. S. (1980). Automatic encodingof category size information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: HumanLearning and Memory, 6(4), 370-378. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.6.4.370 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: estimation de la fréquence catégorielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZL1QXVJ6-D

categorizationSyn: classificationBT: internal aidRT: · exemplar theories

· semantic memoryNT: · basic level

· prototype· typicality

Cognitive process of allocating items into classes according to theirsimilarity. Categorization can be used as a coding or retrieval strategyof memories.

• Cohen, H., & Lefebvre, C. (Eds.). (2017). Handbook of categorization in cognitivescience (Second edition). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: catégorisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G355R5HB-TEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09c28

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catégorisation [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization [Wikipedia EN]

category interference effect

→ semantic blocking effect

22 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

CENTRAL EXECUTIVE

category repetition paradigm Syn: category repetition procedureBT: methodologyRT: · recognition task

· spontaneous false memoryItems belonging to a semantic category (e.g., fruits) are presentedduring the study phase. Non-studied items belonging to the samesemantic category are then presented during the reconition test.

• Dewhurst, S. A., & Anderson, S. J. (1999). Effects of exact and categoryrepetition in true and false recognition memory. Memory & Cognition, 27(4),665#673. [ doi:10.3758/BF03211560 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de répétition d’une catégorie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SPTGVT9F-G

category repetition procedure

→ category repetition paradigm

category size effectBT: memory biasRT: · semantic memory

· sentence verification taskDecision time in a sentence verification task is shorter when thesentence is about a member of a smaller semantic category (e.g., acanary is a bird) compared to a larger category (for example, a canaryis an animal).

• Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. (1970). Does category size affect categorizationtime? Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior, 9(4), 432–438.[ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80084-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la dimension de la catégorieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z65L5PQD-M

category-specific semantic deficitSyn: category-specific semantic impairmentBT: memory disorderRT: semantic memoryDeterioration of conceptual knowledge about a specific semanticcategory (eg, living things), whereas conceptual knowledge on othercategories are preserved (eg, inanimate things).

• Caramazza, A., & Mahon, B. Z. (2003). The organization of conceptualknowledge: the evidence from category-specific semantic deficits. Trends inCognitive Sciences, 7(8), 354-361. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00159-1 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: déficit sémantique spécifique à une catégorieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GMV9T2W9-S

category-specific semantic impairment

→ category-specific semantic deficit

causal theory of memoryBT: theoryRT: · engram

· episodic memoryIn philosophy, the theory that there is an appropriate causal connectionbetween an event and the memory of that event.

• Bernecker, S. (2010). Memory: A philosophical study. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress.

• Martin, C. B., & Deutscher, M. (1966). Remembering. The Philosophical Review,75(2), 161-196. [ doi:10.2307/2183082 ].

• Michaelian, K. (2011). Generative memory. Philosophical Psychology, 24(3),323#342. [ doi:10.1080/09515089.2011.559623 ].

• Perrin, D. (2012). Qu'est-ce qu'un souvenir ? Paris : Vrin• Robins, S. (2016). Representing the past: memory traces and the causal

theory of memory. Philosophical Studies, 173(11), 2993#3013. [ doi:10.1007/s11098-016-0647-x ].

PO: HumanDO: PhilosophyFR: théorie causale de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RZLSTNK1-3

central executiveSyn: executive attentionBT: working memoryRT: · attention

· backward digit span· Baddeley's model· Brown-Peterson task· dual task paradigm· episodic buffer· inhibitory control· interference resolution· n-back task· phonemic verbal fluency test· phonological loop· random generation task· running span task· semantic verbal fluency test· Stroop test· supervisory attentional system· task switching· Trail Making Test· visuo-spatial sketchpad· Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

In Baddeley's model, system in working memory for the control ofattention and the coordination of the phonological loop, the visuospatialsketchpad and the episodic buffer.

• Baddeley, A. (1996). Exploring the central executive. The Quarterly Journal ofExperimental Psychology Section A, 49(1), 5-28. [ doi:10.1080/713755608 ].

• Baddeley, A. (2012). Working memory: Theories, models, and controversies.Annual Review of Psychology, 63(1), 1-29. [ doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100422 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: administrateur centralURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KVN51R57-REQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0ba25

[Cognitive Atlas]

cerebral uncinate fasciculus

→ uncinate fasciculus

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 23

CHANGE DETECTION PARADIGM

change detection paradigmSyn: · visual arrays task

· visual-array comparisonBT: recognition taskRT: · memory capacity

· visuo-spatial sketchpadMeasurement method of visual working memory capacity (Luck & Vogel,1997). In each trial, a series of elements (eg colored squares), whosenumber varies from one trial to another, is presented to the subject,followed, after a short delay, by an arrangement test. The subject shouldindicate whether this arrangement is identical or different (for example,one of the squares has a different color) of the previous arrangement.The accuracy of this discrimination based on the number of items inthe arrangements determines the number of items that can be identifiedaccurately in working memory. This method allows to study visualworking memory capacity for a characteristic of an object (eg color), anda combination of characteristics (color and orientation, for example).

• Luck, S. J., & Vogel, E. K. (1997). The capacity of visual working memory forfeatures and conjunctions. Nature, 390(6657), 279#281. [ doi:10.1038/36846 ].

• Phillips, W. A. (1974). On the distinction between sensory storage and short-term visual memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 16(2), 283-290. [ doi:10.3758/BF03203943 ].

• Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., Morey, C. C., & Cowan, N. (2011). How to measureworking memory capacity in the change detection paradigm. PsychonomicBulletin & Review, 18(2), 324–330. [ doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0055-3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de détection du changementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B4LLW5GZ-9

changing distractor effectBT: long-term recency effectRT: continuous-distractor paradigmIn a continuous distraction task, disappearance or attenuation of thelong term recency effect when the nature of the distraction task (forexample, an arithmetic task) required between each presentation ofitems is different from the nature of the distraction task to perform afterthe presentation of the last item (e.g., a word reading task).

• Koppenaal, L., & Glanzer, M. (1990). An examination of the continuous distractortask and the « long-term recency effect ». Memory & Cognition, 18(2), 183-195.[ doi:10.3758/BF03197094 ].

• Neath, I. (1993). Contextual and distinctive processes and the serial positionfunction. Journal of Memory and Language, 32(6), 820-840. [ doi:10.1006/jmla.1993.1041 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du changement de distractionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M1P7CTW3-N

changing-state effectBT: irrelevant sound effectThe immediate serial recall of a sequence of items is disturbed whena sound that the subject has to ignore is changing (for example, asequence of different letters compared to the repetition of the same letteror sounds with different frequencies compared to sounds of the samefrequency).

• Jones, D., & J. Macken, W. (1993). Irrelevant tones produce an irrelevantspeech effect: Implications for phonological coding in working memory. Journalof Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 369#381.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.2.369 ].

• Jones, D., Madden, C., & Miles, C. (1992). Privileged access byirrelevant speech to short-term memory: The role of changing state. TheQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 44(4), 645#669.[ doi:10.1080/14640749208401304 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'instabilitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W9NT4PK7-J

childhood amnesia

→ infantile amnesia

choice blindness effectBT: memory biasRT: short-term memoryEffect showing that subjects do not always remember and are notnecessarily aware of their past choices.

• Johansson, P., Hall, L., Sikström, S., & Olsson, A. (2005). Failure to detectmismatches between intention and outcome in a simple decision task. Science,310(5745), 116-119. [ doi:10.1126/science.1111709 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la cécité au choixURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GX6V221P-Z

choice reaction timeSyn: · complex reaction time

· compound reaction timeBT: reaction timeIn a choice reaction time task, the subject must respond differently andas quickly as possible to different classes of stimuli (for example, bypressing the W key on a keyboard for red stimuli and the X key for greenstimuli).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: temps de réaction de choixURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SV6ZP8QQ-3

24 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

choice-supportive memoryBT: memory biasPeople are more likely to attribute positive characteristics to theirprevious choices and assign negative characteristics to non-selectedoptions.

• Lind, M., Visentini, M., Mäntylä, T., & Del Missier, F. (2017). Choice-supportivemisremembering: A new taxonomy and review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8.[ doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02062 ].

• Mather, M., Shafir, E., & Johnson, M. K. (2003). Remembering chosenand assigned options. Memory & Cognition, 31(3), 422–433. [ doi:10.3758/BF03194400 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire soutenant le choixURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XCP4RWPX-W

chronesthesiaBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: mental time travelConscious awareness of subjective time.

• Tulving, E. (2002). Chronesthesia: Conscious awareness of subjective time.In D. T. Stuss & R. C. Knight (Eds.), Principles of Frontal Lobe Function (p.311-325). New York: Oxford University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: chronesthésieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RR3NPLQW-PEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113942 [Wikidata]

chronometric analysis

→ chronometry

chronometrySyn: · chronometric analysis

· mental chronometryBT: methodologyNT: reaction timeRefers to temporal measures of cognitive and behavioural processes.

• Donders, F. C. (1868/1969). On the speed of mental processes. ActaPsychologica, 30, 412#431. [ doi:10.1016/0001-6918(69)90065-1 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: chronométrieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F2Q8PDZ7-C

chunckBT: short-term memoryAccording to Miller (1956), subjects do not store items in isolation inshort-term memory, but group them together, thus optimizing storage.

• Gobet, F., Lane, P. C., Croker, S., Cheng, P. C., Jones, G., Oliver, I., & Pine, J. M.(2001). Chunking mechanisms in human learning. Trends in cognitive sciences,5(6), 236–243. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01662-4 ].

• Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limitson our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81–97.[ doi:10.1037/h0043158 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: groupementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PWXRHNSK-0

Clark Kent effectBT: memory biasRT: face memoryDeterioration of face recognition performance when an accessory (wigor eyeglass, for example) is added or subtracted between the encodingphase and the memory test phase.

• Moniz, E., Righi, G., Peissig, J. J., & Tarr, M. J. (2010). The Clark Kent effect:What is the role of familiarity and eyeglasses in recognizing disguised faces?Journal of Vision, 10(7), 615#615. [ doi:10.1167/10.7.615 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet Clark KentURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K9GX10SG-S

classical conditioningSyn: · Pavlovian conditioning

· respondent conditioning· type 1 conditioning

BT: · associative learning· non declarative memory

RT: · backward conditioning · delay conditioning· forward conditioning· simultaneous conditioning· trace conditioning

NT: · extinction· latent inhibition· second-order conditioning· sensory preconditioning· spontaneous recovery (conditioning)

Type of associative learning discovered by Pavlov. Classicalconditioning corresponds to the transfer of the ability from onestimulus to trigger a response to another stimulus. For example, beforeconditioning, a meat pellet (unconditioned stimulus) triggers salivation indogs (unconditioned response). However, a sound (neutral stimulus) isunable to cause this reaction. Classical conditioning involves repeatingthe combination of the sound with the meat pellet. Conditioning isestablished when the sound (now conditioned stimulus) becomescapable of causing the dog's salivation (now conditioned response).

• Doré, F.-Y., & Mercier, P. (1992). Les fondements de l’apprentissage et de lacognition. Lille : Presses Universitaires de Lille.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: conditionnement classiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TSS7WZ3J-1EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0ab70

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212737 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditionnement_classique[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_conditioning [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0004989 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/classical_conditioning [SAGE]

classification

→ categorization

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 25

CLUSTERING

clusteringBT: internal aidRT: · ARC index

· California Verbal Learning Test · free recall task

Clustering strategy of recalled items by common features (e.g.,semantic clustering, clustering by sensory modality...)

• Bousfield, W. A. (1953). The occurrence of clustering in the recall ofrandomly arranged associates. Journal of General Psychology, 49(2), 229.[ doi:10.1080/00223980.1953.9712878 ].

• Coquin-Viennot, D. (1975). Recherche d’une organisation interne dansun ensemble de données. L’année Psychologique, 75(2), 575–597.[ doi:10.3406/psy.1975.28113. http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/psy_0003-5033_1975_num_75_2_28113 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: regroupementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M6LFTBFV-P

codingSyn: encodingBT: memoryRT: · dual coding theory

· entorhinal cortex· HERA model· levels of processing· positional coding theory· SPI model· strategy· total-time hypothesis

NT: · elaboration· encoding variability principle· item-specific processing· modality tagging· pattern separation· principle of desirable difficulties· relational processing

Information processing of transforming information to make itcompatible with the system. In the psychology of memory, codingcorresponds to the information acquisition phase.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: codageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FR1VGSJN-QEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b8e5

[Cognitive Atlas]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/encoding[SAGE]

cognitionNT: · affordance

· attention· automatic processing· bottom-up processing· cognitive disorder· cognitive economy· cognitive load· cognitive reserve· controlled processing· cristallized intelligence· decoding· embodied cognition· executive functions· fluid intelligence· interference· language· learning· memory· mental imagery· node· phenomenological characteristic· temporal compression· top-down processing

• Collins, T., Andler, D., & Tallon-Baudry, C. (Éds.). (2018). La cognition: duneurone à la société. Paris: Gallimard.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: · Philosophy· Psychology· Sociology

FR: cognitionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GKHVF60L-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0004721 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/cognition[SAGE]

cognitive disorderBT: cognitionNT: · memory disorder

· mild cognitive impairmentPO: HumanDO: · Neurology

· PsychologyFR: trouble cognitifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B2KF0PFR-8EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3065932 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouble_cognitif [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0004723 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000618662 [MeSH]

26 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

COGNITIVE REHABILITATION

cognitive economyBT: cognitionRT: semantic networkIn a semantic network, economy in memory by storing informationcommon to several concepts into the upper level concept in thehierarchy. For example, the characteristic "has wings", "flies", "hasfeathers" will not be stored in the concept "canary" but in the concept"bird". The concept "canary" inherits these features.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: économie cognitiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VNB6NL0W-4

cognitive fluency

→ processing fluency

cognitive interviewBT: interviewRT: · autobiographical memory

· episodic specificity induction· Geiselman effect

Protocol to collect the eyewitnesses and victims testimonies based onthe use of memory aids and social communication techniques.

• Brunel, M., & Py, J. (2013). Questioning the acceptability of the CognitiveInterview to improve its use. L’Année psychologique, 113(3), 427–458.[ doi:10.4074/S0003503313003059 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: entretien cognitifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CMSW56PP-5EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141215 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_interview [Wikipedia EN]

cognitive loadSyn: · mental load

· workloadBT: cognitionRT: working memoryLevel of cognitive effort in working memory required by a task.

• Chanquoy, L., Tricot, A., & Sweller, J. (2007). La charge cognitive : théorie etapplications. Paris : Armand Colin.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: charge cognitiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F5X8HXL1-6EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09d64

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_cognitive [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_load [Wikipedia EN]

cognitive mapBT: spatial memoryRT: · grid cell

· place cellMental and spatial representation of an environment topology.

• Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological review,55(4), 189-208.

• Weisberg, S. M., & Newcombe, N. S. (2018). Cognitive maps: Some peoplemake them, some people struggle. Current Directions in Psychological Science,27(4), 220#226. [ doi:10.1177/0963721417744521 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: carte cognitiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X0VV74LW-CEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09d70

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_map [Wikipedia EN]

cognitive rehabilitationSyn: cognitive remediationBT: treatmentNT: · spaced retrieval

· vanishing cues methodA set of neuropsychological methods designed to help patients recoveror compensate for lost cognitive skills.

• Meulemans, T., Desgranges, B., Adam, S., & Eustache, F. (Éds.). Évaluation etprise en charge des troubles mnésiques. Marseille : Solal.

• Wilson, Barbara A. (2009-05-20T23:58:59). Memory rehabilitation: Integratingtheory and practice. New York: Guilford Press.

PO: HumanFR: réhabilitation cognitiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N3J8XZPX-CEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_rehabilitation_therapy

[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000617182 [MeSH]

cognitive remediation

→ cognitive rehabilitation

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 27

COGNITIVE RESERVE

cognitive reserveBT: cognitionRT: memory disorderCognitive reserve is a factor that modulates the clinical effects of braindamage. A person with high cognitive reserve would better resist todisorders associated with brain damage.

• Bastin, C., Simon, J., Kurth, S., Collette, F., & Salmon, E. (2013). Variabilitéindividuelle dans le fonctionnement de la mémoire épisodique au cours duvieillissement normal et pathologique : le rôle de la réserve cognitive. Revuede Neuropsychologie, Neurosciences Cognitives et Cliniques, 5(4), 235-242.[ doi:10.1684/nrp.2013.0278 ].

• Kalpouzos, G., Eustache, F., & Desgranges, B. (2008). Réserve cognitive etfonctionnement cérébral au cours du vieillissement normal et de la maladied’Alzheimer. Psychologie & neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement, 6(2), 97-105.[ doi:10.1684/pnv.2008.0120 ].

• Stern, Y. (2009). Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia, 47(10), 2015-2028.[ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004 ].

• Villeneuve, S., & Belleville, S. (2010). Réserve cognitive et changementsneuronaux associés au vieillissement. Psychologie & NeuroPsychiatrie duVieillissement, 8(2), 133-140. [ doi:10.1684/pnv.2010.0214 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: réserve cognitiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MTSL0LX7-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579471 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_reserve [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0541536 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/cognitive_reserve [SAGE]

cognitive slowingBT: theoryRT: · memory disorder

· reaction timeHypothesis that aging is accompanied by a slowing speed of informationprocessing. It may explain the difficulties faced by the elderly in somememory tasks.

• Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adultage differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103(3), 403-428.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.403 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: ralentissement cognitifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R0HMS2VD-G

cognitive triage effectBT: memory biasRT: recall taskIn a free recall task, items whose retrieval is difficult are placed at thebeginning and at the end of the recall, and items whose retrieval is easyare placed in the middle of the recall.

• Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., Harnishfeger, K. K., & Howe, M. L. (1993). Isretrievability grouping good for recall? Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 122(2), 249-268. [ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.2.249 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de triage cognitifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WCN098NL-6

cognitive-context dependent memoryBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryNT: language dependent memoryImproved memory performance when the cognitive context (thoughts,language, etc.) during the encoding of items is the same as that presentat the time of retrieval.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire dépendante du contexte cognitifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RK1D619Z-M

collaborative inhibitionBT: episodic memoryRT: recall taskPoorer recall performance when the recall is performed in groupcompared to the combined recall (not redundant) of individuals workingseparately.

• Rajaram, S. (2011). Collaboration both hurts and helps memory: A cognitiveperspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(2), 76#81.[ doi:10.1177/0963721411403251 ].

• Wright, D. B., & Klumpp, A. (2004). Collaborative inhibition is due to the product,not the process, of recalling in groups. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11(6),1080#1083. [ doi:10.3758/BF03196740 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: inhibition collaborativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V49KN4HT-L

collective memoryBT: memoryNT: transactive memoryMemories shared by a social group.

• Barash, J. A. (2017). Collective memory. In S. Bernecker & K. Michaelian(Eds.), Routledge handbook of philosophy of memory (pp. 255–267). London:Routledge.

• Halbwachs, M. (1925). Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire. Paris : Alcan.• Halbwachs, M. (1950). La mémoire collective. Paris : Presses Universitaires de

France.• Hirst, W., & Manier, D. (2008). Towards a psychology of collective memory.

Memory, 16(3), 183-200. [ doi:10.1080/09658210701811912 ].• Hirst, W., Yamashiro, J. K., & Coman, A. (2018). Collective memory from

a psychological perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(5), 438#451.[ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.02.010 ].

• Roediger III, H. L., & Abel, M. (2015). Collective memory: A new arena ofcognitive study. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(7), 359-361. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.04.003 ].

• Wertsch, J. V., & III, H. L. R. (2008). Collective memory: Conceptualfoundations and theoretical approaches. Memory, 16(3), 318-326.[ doi:10.1080/09658210701801434 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Psychology

· SociologyFR: mémoire collectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MZM1Q2XJ-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254217 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_collective [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_memory [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/collective_memory [SAGE]

28 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

COMPOSITE FACE EFFECT

commission errorBT: false memoryIn a memory test, error consisting in recalling or recognizing an item thatwere absent during the study phase.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: erreur de commissionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PZ86X4B4-3

complementary learning systemsBT: theoryRT: · consolidation

· hippocampusTheory that the formation and consolidation of memories are basedon two interactive complementary systems. One, in the hippocampus,would be responsible for the rapid acquisition of episodic memories,distinct from each other, and dependent on context. The other, in theneocortex, would be responsible for the slow and gradual acquisition ofthe overlapping structure of events, independent of context.

• McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O’Reilly, R. C. (1995). Why there arecomplementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insightsfrom the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory.Psychological Review, 102(3), 419#457. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.419 ].

• O’Reilly, R. C., Bhattacharyya, R., Howard, M. D., & Ketz, N. (2014).Complementary learning systems. Cognitive Science, 38(6), 1229#1248.[ doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01214.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: systèmes d'apprentissage complémentairesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G6DD596L-H

complex reaction time

→ choice reaction time

complex span taskSyn: processing-and-storage taskBT: spanRT: · SOB-CS model

· spatial span· working memory

NT: · alpha span· backward digit span· composite complex span· computation task· counting span· listening span· operation span· reading span· reading-digit span· rotation letter task· symmetry span

Term for working memory span tasks, combining the temporarymaintenance of piece of information and a secondary informationprocessing task.

• Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M. J., Bunting, M. F., Hambrick, D. Z., Wilhelm, O., &Engle, R. W. (2005). Working memory span tasks: A methodological review anduser’s guide. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(5), 769#786. [ doi:10.3758/BF03196772 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'empan complexeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KQ1K76V2-C

composite complex spanBT: complex span taskRT: working memoryTerm used for the combination of several complex span tasks, to obtaina domain-general assessment of the working memory capacity.

• Gonthier, C., Thomassin, N., & Roulin, J.-L. (2016). The composite complexspan: French validation of a short working memory task. Behavior ResearchMethods, 48(1), 233–242. [ doi:10.3758/s13428-015-0566-3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan complexe compositeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HQLF2JW8-G

composite face effectBT: memory biasRT: · face memory

· holistic processing· recognition task

Difficulty to recognize the top half of a face aligned with the bottom halfof another face.

• Murphy, J., Gray, K. L. H., & Cook, R. (2017). The composite faceillusion. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(2), 245-261. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-016-1131-5 ].

• Young, A. W., Hellawell, D., & Hay, D. C. (1987). Configurational information inface perception. Perception, 16(6), 747 – 759. [ doi:10.1068/p160747 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du visage compositeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WGLB64D4-M

compound reaction time

→ choice reaction time

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 29

COMPUTATION TASK

computation taskBT: complex span taskRT: · operation span

· verbal memory· working memory

Complex span task. The subject solves series of arithmetic problemsand has to retain the last digit of each problem. The series containone to seven problems. At the end of a series, the subject is invited toremember the target digits.

• Babcock, R. L., & Salthouse, T. A. (1990). Effects of increased processingdemands on age differences in working memory. Psychology and aging, 5(3),421-428. [ doi:10.1037/0882-7974.5.3.421 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan de calculURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FS1VM1FP-L

computational modelSyn: simulation modelBT: modelNT: · Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational

· Bayesian models· connectionism· diffusion model· feature comparison model· global matching model· hub and spoke model· latent semantic analysis· multidimensional face space model· multiple trace model· SEM model· semantic network· semantic space· SIMPLE model· single-process models of recognition memory· time-based resource sharing model

Logical or mathematical model to simulate cognitive activities.

DO: InformaticsFR: modèle computationnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MMPD886D-4EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_model [WikipediaEN]

conceptual fluencySyn: semantic fluencyBT: processing fluencySubjective experience of the ease with which the conceptual processingof items is performed.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fluence conceptuelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DHR9ZBL8-2

conceptual knowledge

→ semantic memory

conceptual memory

→ semantic memory

conceptual priming

→ semantic priming

conceptual selfBT: autobiographical memoryRT: self-memory systemPO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: self conceptuelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F91W5XDS-C

conceptual short-term memorySyn: · short-term semantic memory

· very short-term conceptual memoryBT: short-term memoryRT: conceptual spanShort-term memory temporarily storing the stimuli being processedwith their conceptual representations stored in long term memory andactivated very quickly.

• Potter, M. C. (1976). Short-term conceptual memory for pictures. Journalof Experimental Psychology. Human Learning and Memory, 2(5), 509#522.[ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.2.5.509 ].

• Potter, M. C. (1993). Very short-term conceptual memory. Memory & Cognition,21(2), 156–161. [ doi:10.3758/BF03202727 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire conceptuelle à court termeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TFS9WJW4-C

conceptual spanBT: spanRT: conceptual short-term memoryMethod developed by Haarmann et al. (2003) to assess the capacity ofsemantic short-term memory. The subject is presented with lists of ninewords belonging to three different semantic categories. For each list, thesubject must remember the words belonging to one of the categories.For example, if the list is made up of the words lamp, pear, tiger, apple,grape, elephant, horse, fax, telephone, he is asked to recall the wordsof the FRUIT category. Several trials are performed and the conceptualspan is the number of words recalled across all trials.

• Haarmann, H. J., Davelaar, E. J., & Usher, M. (2003). Individual differencesin semantic short-term memory capacity and reading comprehension.Journal of Memory and Language, 48(2), 320-345. [ doi:10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00506-5 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan conceptuelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NNPWFMG5-8

30 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

CONFIGURAL PROCESSING

conceptual structure accountBT: connectionismRT: semantic memoryTheory and connectionist model relating to the manner in whichconcepts are represented in semantic memory and processedaccording to the interaction between two statistical properties of theirsemantic features : the distinctiveness (the degree to which a featureis shared with other concepts or with which it can distinguish a conceptof another) and the correlation (degree of co-occurrence of features).According to this view, living things would have a large number ofshared features which are highly correlated. Inanimate objects have fewsemantic features but more distinctive.

• Taylor, K. I., Moss, H. E., & Tyler, L. K. (2007). The conceptual structure account:A cognitive model of semantic memory and its neural instantiation. In J. Hart& M. Kraut (Eds.), Neural basis of semantic memory (p. 265–301). Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie des structures conceptuellesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BN576MNL-C

conceptual system

→ semantic memory

concreteness effectSyn: imageability effectBT: memory biasRT: · contextual availability

· episodic memoryBetter memory for concrete words (e.g., table or book) than for abstractwords (e.g., goodness or justice).

• Paivio, A. (1969). Mental imagery in associative learning and memory.Psychological Review, 76(3), 241-263. [ doi:10.1037/h0027272 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de concrétudeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N3MH6KQ1-K

concurrent articulation effect

→ articulatory suppression

concurrent task

→ dual task paradigm

conditioned stimulus preexposure effect

→ latent inhibition

confabulationBT: memory disorderNT: recollective confabulationOften considered as synonymous with fabulation (imaginary story thatthe subject sees as real without intent to deceive). Authors prefer toreserve the term confabulation to the constructions used by the subjectto compensate memory difficulties or deficiencies, as in Korsakoffsyndrome.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: confabulationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PQDC3FHL-7EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082351 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confabulation [Wikipedia EN]

confidenceBT: procedural metamemoryRT: · calibration

· dud-alternative effect· hard-easy effect· hypercorrection effect· judgment of learning

NT: · prospective confidence· retrospective confidence

Metamnesic judgement indicative of the certainty attributed by thesubject to his/her memories. In general, this confidence level isassessed by means of a rating scale.

• Roediger, H. L., & DeSoto, K. A. (2015). Understanding the relation betweenconfidence and accuracy in reports from memory. In D. S. Lindsay, C. M. Kelley,A. P. Yonelinas, & H. L. Roediger (Eds.), Remembering: Attributions, processes,and control in human memory: Papers in honor of Larry L. Jacoby (p. 347 - 367).New York, NY: Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: confianceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PNMP129V-BEQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0391248 [MeSH]

configural processingSyn: configurational processingBT: memoryRT: face memoryNT: · first-order relational processing

· holistic processing· second-order relational processing

Type of information processing involved in expert perception andrecognition of objects, such as faces, based on the relations betweenthe components of a stimulus.

• Maurer, D., Grand, R. L., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configuralprocessing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(6), 255-260. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement configuralURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DZ81JHJS-2

configurational processing

→ configural processing

congenital prosopagnosia

→ developmental prosopagnosia

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 31

CONJOINT RECALL PARADIGM

conjoint recall paradigmBT: recall taskRT: · false memory

· phantom recollectionRecall task in which participants receive one of the followinginstructions: recalling the items that have been studied; recalling itemsthat have not been studied, but consistent with the general meaning ofthe stored material; recalling the studied items and items that share thesame general direction. Paradigm used to analyze false memories asthose produced in the DRM task.

• Brainerd, C. J., Payne, D. G., Wright, R., & Reyna, V. F. (2003). Phantomrecall. Journal of Memory and Language, 48(3), 445-467. [ doi:10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00501-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de rappel conjointURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R3NH2B35-B

conjoint recognition paradigmBT: recognition taskRT: false memoryRecognition task during which participants receive one of the followinginstructions: recognize items that were studied; recognize items thathave not been studied, but consistent with the general meaning of thestored material; recognize studied items and items that share the samegeneral direction. Paradigm used to analyze false memories as thoseproduced in the DRM task.

• Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., & Mojardin, A. H. (1999). Conjoint recognition.Psychological Review, 106(1), 160#179. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.160 ].

• Brainerd, C. J., Wright, R., Reyna, V. F., & Mojardin, A. H.(2001). Conjoint recognition and phantom recollection. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(2), 307#327.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.27.2.307 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de reconnaissance conjointeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V516KTQS-G

conjunction errorBT: spontaneous false memoryFalse recognition of new items composed of studied items.

• Jones, T. C., & Atchley, P. (2002). Conjunction error rates on acontinuous recognition memory test: Little evidence for recollection. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(2), 374-379.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.28.2.374 ].

• Reinitz, M. T., & Demb, J. B. (1994). Implicit and explicit memory for compoundwords. Memory & Cognition, 22(6), 687–694. Consulté à l’adresse [ http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03209253 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: erreur de conjonctionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z4WGBK48-X

conjunctive binding

→ conjunctive memory

conjunctive memorySyn: conjunctive bindingBT: associative memoryRT: bindingMemory integrating into a unique representation the characteristics ofan object (its shape, size, color, size, etc.).

• Mayes, A., Montaldi, D., & Migo, E. (2007). Associative memory and the medialtemporal lobes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(3), 126-135. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.12.003 ].

• Moses, S. N., & Ryan, J. D. (2006). A comparison and evaluation of thepredictions of relational and conjunctive accounts of hippocampal function.Hippocampus, 16(1), 43-65. [ doi:10.1002/hipo.20131 ].

PO: HumanFR: mémoire conjonctiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RJD88GWW-Q

connectionismSyn: · artifical neural network

· formal neural network· neoconnectionism· neural network· parallel distributed processing

BT: computational modelRT: Hebb's ruleNT: · auto-associative memory

· conceptual structure account· feedforward neural network· OSCAR model· primacy model· sensory/functional theory· SOB-CS model· synaptic weight· TraceLink model

General term for one of the paradigms in cognitive science, buildingon the functioning of the brain (although some authors challengethe biological reality of connectionist models.) Connectionist modelsattempt to account for cognitive activities such as memory, perception,language, assuming these are done through networks of elementaryinformation processing units (referred to as artificial neural networks).Thus, a memory in these simulation models is considered a particularstate of a network and is characterized in particular by the weights ofthe connections between the units.

• Abdi, H. (1994). Les réseaux de neurones. Grenoble : Presses Universitairesde Grenole.

• Alexandre, F. (2000). Modèles connexionnistes de la mémoire. Thérapie, 55,525-532.

• Bechtel, W., Abrahamsen, A. (1993). Le connexionnisme et l'esprit. Introductionau traitement parallèle par réseaux. Paris : La découverte.

• McCullogh, W.S., Pitts, W. (1943). Un calcul logique des idées immanentes dansl'activité nerveuse. In Pélissier, A., Tête, A. (Eds.), (1995). Sciences cognitives :textes fondateurs. Paris : PUF.

• Mermillod, M. (2014). Les réseaux de neurones artificiels. Bruxelles : De Boeck.• Rosenblatt, F. (1958). The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information

storage and organization in the brain. Psychological Review, 65(6), 386#408.[ doi:10.1037/h0042519 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: · Informatics· Psychology

FR: connexionnismeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BX50H77T-WEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connexionnisme [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectionism [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0025278 [MeSH]

32 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

CONTEXTUAL AVAILABILITY

consolidationBT: storageRT: · complementary learning systems

· entorhinal cortex· long-term memory· long-term potentiation· medial prefrontal cortex· paradoxal sleep· protein kinase Mζ· short-term consolidation· targeted memory reactivation· TraceLink model

NT: · emotional consolidation· reconsolidation· synaptic consolidation· systems consolidation

Process for strengthening and stabilizing memory traces.

• Dudai, Y. (2004). The neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable isthe engram? Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 51-86. [ doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142050 ].

• Henri, V. (1900). Muller et Pilzecker : Nouvelles recherches expérimentales surla mémoire. L’année psychologique, 7(1), 573-598. [ http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/psy_0003-5033_1900_num_7_1_3249 ].

• Lechner, H. A., Squire, L. R., & Byrne, J. H. (1999). 100 Years of Consolidation— Remembering Müller and Pilzecker. Learning & Memory, 6(2), 77-87. [ http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/6/2/77 ].

• Nadel, L., & Moscovitch, M. (1997). Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesiaand the hippocampal complex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 7(2), 217#227.[ doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80010-4 ].

• Nadel, L., Samsonovich, A., Ryan, L., & Moscovitch, M.(2000). Multiple trace theory of human memory: computational,neuroimaging, and neuropsychological results. Hippocampus, 10(4), 352-368.[ doi:10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:4<352::AID-HIPO2>3.0.CO;2-D ].

• Walker, M. P. (2005). A refined model of sleep and the time course ofmemory formation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(1). [ doi:10.1017/S0140525X05000026 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: consolidationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X1M4BRNP-ZEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b8cd

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892593 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_consolidation [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000604637 [MeSH]

constructive episodic simulation hypothesisBT: theoryRT: · episodic future thought

· episodic memoryHypothesis according to which remembering the past and imagining thefuture are both based on information stored in episodic memory and onsimilar cognitive processes for reconstructing events.

• Schacter, D. L., & Addis, D. R. (2007). The cognitive neuroscience ofconstructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: BiologicalSciences, 362(1481), 773-786. [ doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2087 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypothèse de la simulation constructive

épisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HSC55791-G

context memory

→ contextual memory

context-dependent memoryBT: contextual memoryBetter memory of information when the environmental context oflearning is identical to that of memory retrieval.

• Godden, D. R., & Baddeley, A. D. (1975). Context-dependent memory in twonatural envrionment: on land and underwater. British Journal of Psychology,66(3), 325#331.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire dépendante du contexteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PTGL0P1G-BEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165163 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-dependent_memory[Wikipedia EN]

context-dependent recognitionBT: episodic memoryRT: recognition taskChange in recognition performance produced by a change of contextbetween learning and the recognition test.

• Hanczakowski, M., Zawadzka, K., & Coote, L. (2014). Context reinstatement inrecognition: Memory and beyond. Journal of Memory and Language, 72, 85-97.[ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2014.01.001 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: reconnaissance dépendante du contexteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BT03ZSL3-1

contextual availabilityBT: theoryRT: concreteness effectHypothesis that memory of concrete words is better than memory ofabstract words because a larger number of contextual information isassociated with the former than with the latter.

• Schwanenflugel, P. J., Harnishfeger, K. K., & Stowe, R. W.(1988). Context availability and lexical decisions for abstract andconcrete words. Journal of Memory and Language, 27(5), 499#520.[ doi:10.1016/0749-596X(88)90022-8 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: disponibilité contextuelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WK08NBW0-Q

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 33

CONTEXTUAL MEMORY

contextual memorySyn: context memoryBT: episodic memoryRT: · parahippocampal cortex

· recollection without rememberingNT: · context-dependent memory

· state-dependent memoryGeneral notion to refer to the memory of any information surroundingthe target stimulus to be memorized or retrieved.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire contextuelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CKQTZ5SM-JEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d09e87

[Cognitive Atlas]

contiguity effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· free recall taskContiguous items in a list are more likely to be recalled jointly.

• Healey, M. K., Long, N. M., & Kahana, M. J. (à paraître). Contiguity in episodicmemory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-018-1537-3 ].

• Kahana, M. J. (1996). Associative retrieval processes in free recall. Memory &Cognition, 24(1), 103#109. [ doi:10.3758/BF03197276 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de contiguïtéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QH5H5CR8-R

continuous paired-associate learning taskBT: paired-associates learning taskVariation of the paired-associates learning task. The experimenterpresents continuously a series of pairs of items to remember, mixingthem with test pairs. This technique allows to precisely control the lagbetween the study of a pair and the test of the pair and also the repetitionof a pair in the sequence.

• Peterson, L. R., Saltzman, D., Hillner, K., & Land, V. (1962). Recency andfrequency in paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology,63(4), 396-403. [ doi:10.1037/h0043571 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'apprentissage continu de paires associéesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JRT9VH2M-M

continuous recognition taskBT: recognition taskRecognition task in which the subject must decide in each trial, if thepresented item is new or old

• Shepard, R. N., & Teghtsoonian, M. (1961). Retention of information underconditions approaching a steady state. Journal of Experimental Psychology,62(3), 302.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reconnaissance continueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SGLL8ZD9-8

continuous reproduction taskSyn: delayed estimation taskBT: methodologyRT: · short-term memory

· visual memoryThe subject is asked to adjust the value of a feature (for example, thecolor or the orientation) until it matches the value of an item in short-term memory

• Oberauer, K., Lewandowsky, S., Awh, E., Brown, G. D. A., Conway, A., Cowan,N., … Ward, G. (2018). Benchmarks for models of short-term and workingmemory. Psychological Bulletin, 144(9), 885#958. [ doi:10.1037/bul0000153 ].

• Wilken, P., & Ma, W. J. (2004). A detection theory account of change detection.Journal of Vision, 4(12), 11. [ doi:10.1167/4.12.11 ].

• van den Berg, R., Awh, E., & Ma, W. J. (2014). Factorial comparison of workingmemory models. Psychological Review, 121(1), 124#149. [ doi:10.1037/a0035234 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reproduction continueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J7QJPVMV-D

continuous-distractor paradigmSyn: through-list distractor procedureBT: free recall taskRT: · changing distractor effect

· long-term recency effectMethod of studying the long-term recency effect. Participants muststore items and peform a distraction task (for example, an arithmetictask) between each presentation of items. The distraction task aimsto prevent mental rehearsal of items. The final free recall test is alsodelayed by a distracting task.

• Bjork, R. A., & Whitten, W. B. (1974). Recency-sensitive retrievalprocesses in long-term free recall. Cognitive Psychology, 6(2), 173-189.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90009-7 ].

• Tzeng, O. J. L. (1973). Positive recency effect in a delayed free recall.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12(4), 436-439. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(73)80023-4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de distraction continueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SQQDT489-9

controlled processingBT: cognitionRT: process dissociation procedureType of attentional information processing, subject to interference andinvolving the use of strategies.

• Birnboim, S. (2003). The automatic and controlled information-processingdissociation: Is it still relevant? Neuropsychology Review, 13(1), 19–31.[ doi:10.1023/A:1022348506064 ].

• Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic humaninformation processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychologicalreview, 84(1), 1-66. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.1.1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement contrôléURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K262PNZJ-3

conversational style

→ reminiscence style

34 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

CREB FACTOR

Conway's model

→ self-memory system

core recollection networkSyn: general recollection networkBT: brainRT: · hippocampus

· medial prefrontal cortex· parahippocampal cortex· recollection

Brain structures network activated when the subject is able to recoverrecollective information associated with an episodic memory. Thisnetwork includes the hippocampus, the left posterior parietal cortex,the medial prefrontal cortex, the parahippocampal cortex and theretrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortex

• Kim, H. (2010). Dissociating the roles of the default-mode, dorsal, andventral networks in episodic memory retrieval. NeuroImage, 50(4), 1648-1657.[ doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.051 ].

• Rugg, M. D., & Vilberg, K. L. (2013). Brain networks underlying episodic memoryretrieval. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 23(2), 255-260. [ doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.11.005 ].

PO: HumanFR: réseau cœur de la recollectionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RDLRCD1X-C

Corsi block tapping test

→ Corsi task

Corsi block task

→ Corsi task

Corsi taskSyn: · Corsi block tapping test

· Corsi block taskBT: · simple span

· spatial spanRT: · spatial memory

· visual memory· visuo-spatial sketchpad

Corsi's test (1972) is an example of a spatial span task. Nine cubesare presented to the subject. The experimenter points to the cubes withincreasingly longer sequences (2-8 poistions). The task of the subjectis to immediately reproduce the sequence in the same or reverse order.After two failures on a series of the same level, the test is stopped.

• Corsi, P. (1972). Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain anmemory. Mc>Graw Hill University. [ http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=93903&local_base=GEN01-MCG02 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: épreuve de CorsiURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G5BCPP16-SEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5173159 [Wikidata]

cortex associatif préfrontal

→ prefrontal cortex

counting spanBT: complex span taskRT: working memoryMethod for measuring the working memory capacity. Subjects arepresented with sets of cards on which green dots and yellow dots aredrawn . The task of the subject is to count orally, on each card, thenumber of green spots. The first set has only one card, then the numberof cards is gradually increased in the subsequent series. At the end of aseries, the subject must recall the number of green dots on each card.

• Case, R., Kurland, D. M., & Goldberg, J. (1982). Operational efficiency and thegrowth of short-term memory span. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,33(3), 386-404. [ doi:10.1016/0022-0965(82)90054-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan de comptageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NNSPL0CD-Z

crashing memories paradigmSyn: non-existent news-footage paradigmBT: misinformation paradigmRT: suggestibilityExperimental paradigm in which it is suggested that a video recordingexists about the moment when a disaster (such as a plane crash) orother public event (such as the assassination of a politician) took place.People can then remember having seen these images when in fact theydo not exist.

• Crombag, H. F. M., Wagenaar, W. A., & Van Koppen, P.J. (1996). Crashing memories and the problem of “sourcemonitoring.” Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10(2), 95–104. [ doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0720(199604)10:2<95::AID-ACP366>3.0.CO;2-# ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme des crashing memoriesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GF5LHH36-1

CREB binding protein

→ CREB factor

CREB factorSyn: · CREB binding protein

· CREB protein· cAMP response element-binding factor

BT: transcription factorRT: long-term potentiationA transcription factor that promotes synaptic plasticity and allows theformation of long-term memories. These depend on the activation ofCREB-1 and inactivation of CREB-2.

• Dubynina, E. V., & Dolotov, O. V. (2009). The CREB transcription factorand processes of memory formation. Neurochemical Journal, 3(3), 155#163.[ doi:10.1134/S1819712409030015 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: GeneticsFR: facteur CREBURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JHMV0S1K-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2931970 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CREB_(protéine) [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CREB [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0232674 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0026362 [MeSH]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 35

CRISTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

CREB protein

→ CREB factor

cristallized intelligenceSyn: GcBT: cognitionRT: fluid intelligenceForm of intelligence corresponding to the ability to use acquiredknowledge and skills .

• Cattell, R. B. (1971). Abilities: Their structure, growth, and action. New York:Houghton Mifflin.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: intelligence cristalliséeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MJPMLMJ7-Q

cross-race effect

→ own-race bias

cross-race identification bias

→ own-race bias

cryptomnesiaSyn: unconscious plagiarismBT: spontaneous false memoryRT: source attribution errorKind of unintentional plagiarism when someone assigns an idea tohimself while it was produced by someone else.

• Brédart, S., Lampinen, J., & Defeldre, A.-C. (2003). Phenomenal characteristicsof cryptomnesia. Memory, 11(1), 1#11. [ doi:10.1080/741938174 ].

• Gingerich, A. C., & Sullivan, M. C. (2013). Claiming hidden memories as one’sown: A review of inadvertent plagiarism. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(8),903-916. [ doi:10.1080/20445911.2013.841674 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: cryptomnésieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M6P9BP15-REQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790393 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptomnésie [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptomnesia [Wikipedia EN]

cueBT: memoryRT: · cue depreciation effect

· cue-overload principle· event-based prospective memory· retro-cue effect· targeted memory reactivation· time-based prospective memory· vanishing cues method

NT: · extra-list cue· intra-list cue

Any information from the external or internal (mental) environment thatthe subject uses to code or retrieve target information. Generally, butnot always, the use of cues has a facilitating effect on memory.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: indiceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZDXXPPFZ-REQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0005406 [MeSH]

cue depreciation effectBT: memory biasRT: · cue

· retrievalIt is easier to identify a studied word (e.g., raindrop) when a fragmentof this word is presented only once (r_i__rop) compared to whenfragments of the word are shown incrementally (r------p, r----r-p, r-i--r-p, r-i--rop).

• Peynircioğlu, Z. F., & Watkins, M. J. (1986). Cue depreciation: When wordfragment completion is undermined by prior exposure to lesser fragments.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12(3),426. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.12.3.426 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la dévalorisation de l'indiceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D516FTK4-T

cue-overload principleBT: theoryRT: · cue

· forgettingA memory cue associated with a lot of information reduces the likelihoodof retrieving specific information.

• C. Watkins, O., & J. Watkins, M. (1975). Buildup of proactive inhibition as acue-overload effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning andMemory, 1(4), 442#452. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.1.4.442 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: principe de la surcharge de l'indiceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XFTFCGN2-V

36 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

CUMULATIVE RECALL FUNCTION

cue-word methodSyn: · Galton-Crovitz method

· cuing methodBT: methodologyRT: · autobiographical memory

· important memories method· reminiscence bump

Method for measuring autobiographical memory developed by Galton(1879) and completed by Crovitz (Crovitz & Schiffman, 1974; Crovitz &Quina-Holland, 1976). The general principle of the method is to presentwords that serve as cues to retrieve autobiographical memories. Everymemory is then dated.

• Crovitz, H. F., & Quina-Holland, K. (1976). Proportion of episodic memoriesfrom early childhood by years of age. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 7(1),61#62. [ doi:10.3758/BF03337122 ].

• Crovitz, H. F., & Schiffman, H. (1974). Frequency of episodic memories asa function of their age. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 4(5), 517#518.[ doi:10.3758/BF03334277 ].

• Galton, F.R.S. (1879). Psychometric experiments. Brain, 2, 149-162.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode des mots indicesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D6LFMB15-2

cued recall taskBT: recall taskRT: · California Verbal Learning Test

· paired-associates learning taskNT: · graphemic cued recall task

· part-set cuingIn a cued recall task, the subject must produce the stored items withthe help of cues. These cues, targeted information to search, can bepresent or absent during learning.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de rappel indicéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C61GF8R6-G

cuing method

→ cue-word method

cultural life script

→ life script

cumulative recall functionBT: methodologyRT: recall taskFunction describing the cumulative recall of items as a function of time.It indicates that the recall rate is higher at the beginning of the recallperiod and then slows down.

• Bousfield, W. A., & Sedgewick, C. H. W. (1944). An analysis of sequencesof restricted associative responses. Journal of General Psychology, 30(2),149#165. [ doi:10.1080/00221309.1944.10544467 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fonction cumulative du rappelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZX2QQS33-X

CVLT

→ California Verbal Learning Test

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 37

D' INDEX

Dd prime

→ d' index

d' indexSyn: d primeBT: signal detection theoryIn signal detection theory applied to recognition, the index is used toassess the subject's ability to distinguish old (studied) from new items.It is therefore an index of discrimination corresponding to the distancebetween the mean of the distribution of familiarity of old items minusthat of new items, divided by the standard deviation of the distribution ofnew items. The higher the index, the more old items are distinguishedfrom new items.

• Banks, W. P. (1970). Signal detection theory and human memory. PsychologicalBulletin, 74(2), 81-99.

PO: HumanDO: · Probability / Statistics

· PsychologyFR: indice d'URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C6KFW6JL-F

decay hypothesis

→ trace decay

decay theory

→ trace decay

declarative memoryBT: long-term memoryRT: · Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational

· explicit memory· hippocampus

NT: · autobiographical memory· episodic memory· proposition· semantic memory

Long-term memory system that stores information of the "know that"type, which can be verbalized, conscientiously accessible and easilychanged.

• Squire, L. R. (1992). Declarative and nondeclarative memory: Multiple brainsystems supporting learning and memory. Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal of,4(3), 232–243.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire déclarativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R9C47FSL-5EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a04f

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18603 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_déclarative [Wikipédia FR]

declarative metamemorySyn: metamemory knowledgeBT: metamemoryNT: · memory complaint

· memory self-efficacyKnowledge people can verbalize about memory in general and abouttheir own memory in particular.

• Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., & Flavell, J. H. (1975). An interview study ofchildren’s knowledge about memory. Monographs of the Society for Researchin Child Development, 40 (Serial No. 159).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: métamémoire déclarativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XNPMCKS4-S

declarative working memoryBT: working memorySubsystem of working memory involved in the temporary maintenanceof information available for processing.

• Oberauer, K. (2010). Declarative and procedural working memory: Commonprinciples, common capacity limits? Psychologica Belgica, 50(3-4), 277-308.[ doi:10.5334/pb-50-3-4-277 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire de travail déclarativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G6SJTFQC-7

decodingBT: cognitionProcess allowing to translate a coded information in its initial format.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: décodageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T4VKVZCN-0

Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm

→ DRM paradigm

38 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

DELAYED JUDGMENT OF LEARNING EFFECT

default mode networkBT: brainRT: autobiographical memoryActive brain network when the subject is at rest, left to his own thoughts,undisturbed, but also when he retrieves autobiographical memories,imagines future events, conceives the point of view of others. It includesinterconnected cerebral regions including the prefrontal medial-ventro-median and dorsal-median cortex, posterior cingular cortex, precuneus,inferior parietal cortex, lateral temporal cortex and hippocampal region.

• Buckner, R. L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008). The brain’sdefault network: Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Annals of the NewYork Academy of Sciences, 1124(1), 1–38. [ doi:10.1196/annals.1440.011 ].

• Mevel, K., Grassiot, B., Chételat, G., Defer, G., Desgranges, B., & Eustache,F. (2010). Le réseau cérébral par défaut : rôle cognitif et perturbationsdans la pathologie. Revue Neurologique, 166(11), 859–872. [ doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2010.01.008 ].

• Raichle, M. E. (2015). The brain’s default mode network. Annual Review ofNeuroscience, 38(1), 433#447. [ doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014030 ].

PO: HumanFR: réseau du mode par défautURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z7HHM9DK-7EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182555 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réseau_du_mode_par_défaut[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default_mode_network [WikipediaEN]

deferred imitationBT: methodologyRT: · long-term memory

· social learningStudy method of infant memory. The experimenter performs an actionand analyses the baby's ability to reproduce it after a delay.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: imitation différéeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CCVNNRQD-MEQ: https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/

deferred_imitation [SAGE]

déjà vuBT: episodic memoryRT: · familiarity

· procedural metamemoryFeeling of familiarity of a current experience giving the wrong impressionthat this experience has been already experienced.

• Brown, A. S. (2003). A review of the déjà vu experience. Psychological Bulletin,129(3), 394#413. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.394 ].

• Brown, A. S. (2004). The Deja Vu Experience. New York: Psychology Press.• Moulin, C. (2018). The neuropsychology of déjà vu. New York: Rouledge.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: déjà vuURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L78BS44X-DEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158103 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Déjà-vu [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Déjà_vu [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0005770 [MeSH]

delay conditioningBT: forward conditioningRT: classical conditioningIn classical conditioning, procedure consisting in presenting theconditioned stimulus at least until the beginning of the presentation ofthe unconditioned stimulus.

• Doré, F.-Y., & Mercier, P. (1992). Les fondements de l’apprentissage et de lacognition. Lille: Presses Universitaires de Lille.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: conditionnement différéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TJ332MZV-F

delayed estimation task

→ continuous reproduction task

delayed JOL effect

→ delayed judgment of learning effect

delayed judgment of learning effectSyn: delayed JOL effectBT: memory biasRT: judgment of learningThe accuracy of a judgment of learning to the actual memoryperformance is better when this judgment takes place after a delayfollowing the study phase compared to the moment when it takes placeimmediately after the study phase.

• Narens, L., Nelson, T. O., & Scheck, P. (2008). Memory monitoring and delayedJOL effect. In J. Dunlovsky & R. A. Bjork (Eds.), Hanbook of Metamemory andMemory. New York: Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du jugement d'apprentisage différéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XK2P2KT7-H

delayed memory

→ long-term memory

dementia of the Alzheimer type

→ Alzheimer's disease

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 39

DENTATE GYRUS

dentate gyrusBT: hippocampusRT: · mnemonic similarity task

· pattern separation· spatial memory

An area in the hippocampus involved in the memory of spatialinformations, especially, in the process of spatial pattern separation.

• Hainmueller, T., & Bartos, M. (in press). Dentate gyrus circuits forencoding, retrieval and discrimination of episodic memories. Nature ReviewsNeuroscience. [ doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0260-z ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: gyrus dentéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ST04BMMZ-MEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545787 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrus_denté [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentate_gyrus [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0028250 [MeSH]

destination memoryBT: episodic memoryMemory of the people to whom the subject communicated information.

• Gopie, N., & MacLeod, C. M. (2009). Destination memory: Stop me if I’vetold you this before. Psychological Science, 20(12), 1492-1499. [ doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02472.x ].

• Wilu, A. W., Allain, P., & Haj, M. E. (2018). T’ai-je déjà raconté cettehistoire ? Troubles de la mémoire de la destination dans les pathologiesneurologiques et psychiatriques. Revue de neuropsychologie, 10(2), 130#138.[ doi:10.1684/nrp.2018.0458 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire du destinataireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QQFSGVT3-VEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55609410 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_memory [Wikipedia EN]

developmental amnesiaBT: amnestic syndromeAmnesic syndrome occurring in children. Episodic memory is impairedwhile semantic memory is relatively preserved. Atrophy of thehippocampus is commonly seen in these patients, often secondary tobrain hypoxia.

• Baddeley, A., Vargha-Khadem, F., & Mishkin, M. (2001). Preserved recognitionin a case of developmental amnesia: implications for the acquisition ofsemantic memory? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(3), 357#369.[ doi:10.1162/08989290151137403 ].

• Isaacs, E. B., Vargha-Khadem, F., Watkins, K. E., Lucas, A., Mishkin, M., &Gadian, D. G. (2003). Developmental amnesia and its relationship to degreeof hippocampal atrophy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesof the United States of America, 100(22), 13060#13063. [ doi:10.1073/pnas.1233825100 ].

• Picard, L. (2017). Vingt ans d’amnésie développementale : quoi de neuf ? Revuede neuropsychologie, 9(4), 229#235. [ doi:10.1684/nrp.2017.0435 ].

• Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D. G., Watkins, K. E., Connelly, A., Paesschen, W.V., & Mishkin, M. (1997). Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology onepisodic and semantic memory. Science, 277(5324), 376#380. [ doi:10.1126/science.277.5324.376 ].

• Vargha-Khadem, F., Salmond, C. H., Watkins, K. E., Friston, K. J., Gadian,D. G., & Mishkin, M. (2003). Developmental amnesia: Effect of age at injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ofAmerica, 100(17), 10055#10060. [ doi:10.1073/pnas.1233756100 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: amnésie développementaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LS90LQ2M-1

developmental prosopagnosiaSyn: congenital prosopagnosiaBT: prosopagnosiaCongenital disorder of face recognition development.

• Duchaine, B. (2011). Developmental prosopagnosia: Cognitive, neural, anddevelopmental investigations. In A. J. Calder, M. H. Johnson, & J. V. Haxby(Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Face Perception (p. 821-838). Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: prosopagnosie développementaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZLBSFLSS-4EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0337458 [MeSH]

developmental reversalBT: false memoryTerm used for the fact that in some memory tasks, young childrenproduce fewer false memories than older children and adults. Thesetasks allow setting semantic relationship between stimuli that becomesmore efficient as the children grow.

• Brainerd, C. J. (2013). Developmental reversals in false memory: A new look atthe reliability of children’s evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science,22(5), 335#341. [ doi:10.1177/0963721413484468 ].

• Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2012). Reliability of children’s testimony inthe era of developmental reversals. Developmental Review, 32(3), 224#267.[ doi:10.1016/j.dr.2012.06.008 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: inversion développementaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RZVNZ5S8-J

diary methodSyn: diary recording methodBT: methodologyRT: · autobiographical memory

· involuntary memory diary method Method for studying autobiographical memory. Subjects are asked torecord the events they experience in a diary for a given period oftime. They will then have to remember these events. The advantageof this method is that it can assess the accuracy of autobiographicalmemories.

• Linton, M. (1975). Memory for real-world events. In D. A. Norman & D. E.Rumelhart (Eds.), Explorations in cognition (pp. 376–404). San Francisco: W.H.Freeman.

• Wagenaar, W. A. (1986). My memory: A study of autobiographicalmemory over six years. Cognitive Psychology, 18(2), 225#252.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(86)90013-7 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode du journal intime URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LJN4259T-9

diary recording method

→ diary method

difference due to memory

→ subsequent memory effect

40 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

DIRECTED FREE RECALL

diffusion modelBT: computational modelRT: · reaction time

· recognition taskMathematical model for analyzing the cognitive processes involvedin binary decision tasks. Developed initially to understand recognitionmemory (Ratcliff, 1978), it is now applied to other cognitive and memoryactivities.

• Ratcliff, R. (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review, 85(2),59-108. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.85.2.59. ].

• Ratcliff, R., Smith, P. L., Brown, S. D., & McKoon, G. (2016). Diffusion decisionmodel: Current issues and history. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(4), 260-281.[ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.01.007 ].

• Voss, A., Voss, J., & Lerche, V. (2015). Assessing cognitiveprocesses with diffusion model analyses: a tutorial based on fast-dm-30.Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 336. [ doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00336. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00336/full ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle de diffusionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CXWC138J-9

direct priming

→ repetition priming

direct realismBT: theoryRT: episodic memoryIn philosophy, the position according to which an episodic memory isdirectly connected, without intermediaries, to the past event.

• Laird, J. (1920). A study in realism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.[ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.202861 ].

• Michaelian, K., & Sutton, J. (2017). Memory. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The StanfordEncyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University. Consulté à l’adresse [ https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2017/entries/memory/ ].

• Perrin, D. (2012). Qu'est-ce que se souvenir ? Paris : Vrin.• Reid, Th. (1764/1941). Essays on the intellectual powers of man. London:

Macmillan And Co. [ https://archive.org/details/essaysontheintel007938mbp ].

PO: HumanDO: PhilosophyFR: réalisme directURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PM0XXZNB-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860201 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réalismes_direct_et_indirect[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_and_indirect_realism[Wikipedia EN]

direct test of memoryBT: methodologyRT: explicit memoryNT: · recall task

· recognition taskTest of memory when the subject is required to retrieve a specificepisode from his past localized in time and space. Direct tests ofmemory are recall and recognition tasks and concern the explicitmemory.

• Richardson-Klavehn, A., & Bjork, R. A. (1988). Measures of memory.Annual review of psychology, 39(1), 475–543. [ doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.002355 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: test direct de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HTR66SD3-N

directed forgettingSyn: · intentional forgetting

· voluntary forgettingBT: motivated forgettingRT: · item-method directed forgetting paradigm

· list-method directed forgetting paradigmWhen people are asked to forget some items they have studied (forexample, a list of words), they recall fewer items than people instructedto remember them.

• MacLeod, C. M. (1998). Directed forgetting. In J. M. Golding, C. M. MacLeod,J. M. (Ed) Golding, & C. M. (Ed.), Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinaryapproaches. (p. 1-57). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum AssociatesPublishers.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli dirigéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NM6FCV93-6EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a689

[Cognitive Atlas]

directed free recallBT: free recall taskSubjects are asked to recall the first or last items in a list before recallingthe other items.

• Dalezman, J. J. (1976). Effects of output order on immediate, delayed, and finalrecall performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning andMemory, 2(5), 597#608. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.2.5.597 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: rappel libre dirigéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V4HCXXD4-7

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 41

DISHABITUATION

dishabituationBT: · non associative learning

· non declarative memoryRT: · habituation

· habituation/dishabituation paradigmAfter habituation, reappearance of the response after the presentationof a new stimulus or a modified version of the original stimulus.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: déshabituationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QSMG7KHS-KEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22294926 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishabituation [Wikipedia EN]

dissociative amnesia

→ functional amnesia

distinctivenessBT: memoryRT: · distinctiveness effect

· SIMPLE modelNT: relative distinctiveness principleDegree to which a memory stands out from other memories.

• Schmidt, S. R. (1991). Can we have a distinctive theory of memory? Memory &Cognition, 19(6), 523-542. [ doi:10.3758/BF03197149 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: distinctivitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HS8RX9D6-T

distinctiveness effectBT: memory biasRT: · distinctiveness

· episodic memoryNT: · primary distinctiveness effect

· secondary distinctiveness effectBetter memory for information that stands out from other information.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de distinctivitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QNHV3ZSX-D

distinctiveness heuristicBT: procedural metamemoryRT: · false memory

· impoverished relational-encodingIn a recognition test, rule according to which subjects expect to retrievedetailed and distinctive information. If such information is not available,the subjects then reject the item to be recognized as not having beenstudied.

• Hege, A. C. G., & Dodson, C. S. (2004). Why distinctiveinformation reduces false memories: Evidence for both impoverishedrelational-encoding and distinctiveness heuristic accounts. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(4), 787#795.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.4.787 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: heuristique de distinctivitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V0KTM4MW-H

distractorSyn: · foil

· lureBT: methodologyRT: recognition taskIn a recognition memory test, distractors are new items presented duringthe test, so they have not been studied by the subject.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: distracteurURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TVQC4CSX-5

distractor taskBT: methodologyRT: Brown-Peterson taskA task placed between the acquisition phase and the test phase ofmemory, for example, to prevent subjects from mentally rehearsing thematerial that has been studied.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche distractriceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RRK3R52W-W

distributed learningSyn: spaced learningBT: learningRT: · distributed practice effect

· repetition effect· spacing effect

Type of learning during which rest periods separate the different trials.

• Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D. (2006). Distributedpractice in verbal recall tasks: A review and quantitative synthesis. PsychologicalBulletin, 132(3), 354–380. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.354 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage distribuéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XH9K3R7F-9EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283125 [Wikidata]

distributed practice effectBT: memory biasRT: · distributed learning

· episodic memory· massed learning

NT: · lag effect· spacing effect

Better memory for items learned with distributed practice than withmassed practice.

• Gerbier, É., & Koenig, O. (2015). Comment les intervalles temporels entreles répétitions d’une information en influencent-ils la mémorisation ? Revuethéorique des effets de pratique distribuée. L’Année psychologique, 115(3),435#462. [ doi:10.4074/S0003503315000159 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de pratique distribuéeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TLZ79HM8-X

42 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

DRAWING EFFECT

distributional hypothesisBT: theoryRT: · latent semantic analysis

· semantic memoryHypothesis that words that occur in the same linguistic contexts sharesimilar meanings.

• Harris, Z. (1954). Distributional structure. Word, 10(23): 146-162.

PO: HumanDO: LinguisticsFR: hypothèse distributionnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H8FHGK18-FEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributional_semantics [Wikipedia

EN]

divided attentionBT: attentionRT: · attentional boost effect

· dual task paradigmAllocation of attention to more than one stimulus or between tasksperformed simultaneously.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: attention diviséeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X93ZHFV9-8EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a116

[Cognitive Atlas]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/divided_attention [SAGE]

Dm effect

→ subsequent memory effect

Don't remember/Don't know paradigmSyn: DR/DK paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · accessibility/availability

· forgetting· phenomenological characteristic· R/K paradigm

Paradigm used to study the phenomenology associated with not findinginformation in memory. When an information is not recovered, thesubject is asked to indicate if he does not remember it or if he does notknow it.

• Coane, J. H., & Umanath, S. (2019). I don’t remember vs. I don’t know :Phenomenological states associated with retrieval failures. Journal of Memoryand Language, 107, 152#168. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2019.05.002 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme Ne pas se souvenir/Ne pas savoirURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H1HZT78H-C

doorway effect

→ location updating effect

double-function pairsSyn: · AB, BC pair

· AB, BC paradigmBT: methodologyRT: paired-associates learning taskIn a paired-associates learning task, pairs of the type AB, BC : an itemis a response in a pair and a cue in the other.

• Primoff, E. (1938). Backward and forward association as an organizing actin serial and in paired associate learning. The Journal of Psychology, 5(2),375-395. [ doi:10.1080/00223980.1938.9917578 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paire à double fonctionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B260SKW0-R

DR/DK paradigm

→ Don't remember/Don't know paradigm

drawing effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryBetter memory for information (for example, words or definitions) thathave been drawn.

• Fernandes, M. A., Wammes, J. D., & Meade, M. E. (2018). The surprisinglypowerful influence of drawing on memory. Current Directions in PsychologicalScience, 0963721418755385. [ doi:10.1177/0963721418755385 ].

• Wammes, J. D., Meade, M. E., & Fernandes, M. A. (2016). The drawingeffect: Evidence for reliable and robust memory benefits in free recall.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(9), 1752-1776.[ doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1094494 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du dessinURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q68JXKVX-N

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 43

DRM PARADIGM

DRM paradigmSyn: Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · associative-activation theory

· modality effect in false memories· spontaneous false memory

Developed by Deese (1959) and popularized by Roediger & McDermott(1995), the DRM paradigm (for Deese-Roediger-McDermott) is to asksubjects to study lists of words each designed as follows. Each word ina list (rest, nap, bed, etc.) is associated with another word, called thecritical lure that is not presented (sleep). Results show that subjects canremember or recognize erroneously and at high levels the critical luresbecause of the semantic connections they share with the studied words.

• Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurence of particular verbal intrusionsin immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17#22.[ doi:10.1037/h0046671 ].

• Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: false memory research inDRM and related tasks. Hove: Psychology Press.

• Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating falsememories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803#814.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme DRMURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TKSCSMHR-8EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251000 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deese-Roediger-McDermott_paradigm [Wikipedia EN]

dual coding theoryBT: theoryRT: codingTheory proposed by Paivio that stimuli may be encoded pictorially orverbally or both depending on their nature.

• Paivio, A. (1969). Mental imagery in associative learning and memory.Psychological Review, 76(3), 241-263. [ doi:10.1037/h0027272 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie du double codageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R0V3S7S8-WEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118865 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-coding_theory [Wikipedia EN]

dual task paradigmSyn: concurrent taskBT: methodologyRT: · central executive

· divided attention· interference

NT: selective interference paradigmExperimental paradigm during which the subject is performing two taskssimultaneously. Used especially as a method for studying the centralexecutive of working memory

• Paulhan, F. (1887). La simultanéité des actes psychiques. Revue scientifique,13, 684-689. [ http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k215108b/f687.image ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de la double tâcheURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RHBPF3SS-BEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-task_paradigm [Wikipedia EN]

dual-probe recognition paradigm

→ dual-probe recognition task

dual-probe recognition procedure

→ dual-probe recognition task

dual-probe recognition task Syn: · dual-probe recognition paradigm

· dual-probe recognition procedureBT: recognition taskRT: short-term memoryA series of items is presented to the subject. S/he must then decide if afirst item was part of the series or not, then a second.

• Dinges, D., & Whitehouse, W. (1985). A dual-probe recognition memory taskfor use during sustained operations. Behavior Research Methods, 17, 656#658.[ doi:10.3758/BF03200978 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reconnaissance avec double sonde URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F3P6PDWM-S

dual-process models of recognition memoryBT: non-computational modelRT: recognition taskAccording to these models, recognition is based on two differentprocesses: 1. recollection. The subject retrieves consciously the itemto recognize with the assistance of contextual cues ; 2. familiarity.Recognition of an item is based on a feeling of familiarity, without theretrieval of contextual details.

• Besson, G., Ceccaldi, M., & Barbeau, E. J. (2013). L’évaluation des processusde la mémoire de reconnaissance. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 4(4), 242–254.[ doi:10.1684/nrp.2012.0238 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle à deux processus de la reconnaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B8JFB5ZR-R

dual-process theory

→ generate-recognize theory

dud-alternative effectBT: memory biasRT: confidenceIn a multiple-choice memory task, including a low plausible alternativeincreases the confidence level attributed to the choice of a plausiblealternative.

• Charman, S. D., Wells, G. L., & Joy, S. W. (2011). The dud effect: Adding highlydissimilar fillers increases confidence in lineup identifications. Law and HumanBehavior, 35(6), 479-500. [ doi:10.1007/s10979-010-9261-1 ].

• Hanczakowski, M., Zawadzka, K., & Higham, P. A. (2014). The dud-alternative effect in memory for associations: Putting confidence into localcontext. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21(2), 543-548. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0497-x ].

• Windschitl, P. D., & Chambers, J. R. (2004). The Dud-alternative effect inlikelihood judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,and Cognition, 30(1), 198-215. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.1.198 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de l'alternative peu plausibleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KPKZ36T6-N

44 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

ELABORATION

Eease of learningBT: procedural metamemoryRT: prospective confidenceMetamemory judgment of assessing one's own ability to learn a givenmaterial.

• Underwood, B. J. (1966). Individual and group predictions of item difficulty forfree learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(5), 673-679. [ doi:10.1037/h0023107 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: facilité d'apprentissageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JP1BZGB7-6

echo box

→ short-term memory

echoic memorySyn: · auditory persistence

· precategorical acoustic storeBT: · auditory memory

· sensory memorySensory memory for auditory information.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire échoïqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R97597VB-CEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4b185801de7a1

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18651 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echoic_memory [Wikipedia EN]

ecological assessmentSyn: · ecological task

· ecological test· everyday memory task

BT: methodologyMemory evaluation based on tasks that are intended to be as close aspossible to the use of memory in everyday life.

• Kvavilashvili, L., & Ellis, J. (2004). Ecological validity and the real- life/laboratorycontroversy in memory research: A critical and historical review. History &Philosophy of Psychology, 6(1), 59–80.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: évaluation écologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RBB4PCWS-C

ecological task

→ ecological assessment

ecological test

→ ecological assessment

ecphorySyn: synergistic ecphoryBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: · episodic memory

· MINERVA 2· retrieval success

Concept originally proposed by Semon (1904) and more recently reusedby the psychologist E. Tulving to describe the combination of the engramand the retrieval cues that will allow the conscious experience of amemory.

• Semon, R. (1904). The Mneme. London: George Allen & Unwin. [ https://archive.org/details/cu31924100387210 ].

• Semon, R. (1909). Mnemic Psychology. London: George Allen & Unwin. [ https://archive.org/details/mnemicpsychology032279mbp ].

• Tulving, E. (1976). Ecphoric processes in recall and recognition. In J. Brown(Ed.), Recall and recognition. Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.

• Tulving, E. (1982). Synergistic ecphory in recall and recognition. CanadianJournal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie, 36(2), 130#147.[ doi:10.1037/h0080641 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: ecphorieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XXG0MXW3-2

eidetic memorySyn: · photographic memory

· total memory· total recall

BT: episodic memoryRT: visual memoryFeeling of having a vivid and complete memory of an event, usuallyvisual.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire éidétiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D5PHL00G-KEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386001 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_eidétique [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidetic_memory [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0007141 [MeSH]

elaborationBT: · coding

· internal aidNT: elaborative rehearsalGeneric term for encoding strategies based on semantic processing,associations between items and use of prior knowledge.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: élaborationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H7095F6K-JEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaboration [Wikipedia EN]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 45

ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL

elaborative rehearsalSyn: type II processingBT: · elaboration

· rehearsalRT: levels of processingIn levels of processing theory, type of rehearsal during which a deep(semantic) processing of items is performed.

• Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A frameworkfor memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6),671-684. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: répétition élaboréeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X3P46GK5-VEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b8d9

[Cognitive Atlas]

elevated-attention hypothesisBT: theoryRT: word-frequency effectHypothesis proposed to explain the frequency effect in recognition:subjects would allocate more attention to low-frequency words whichwould explain why these are better recognized than high-frequencywords.

• Malmberg, K. J., & Nelson, T. O. (2003). The word frequency effect forrecognition memory and the elevated-attention hypothesis. Memory & Cognition,31(1), 35#43. [ doi:10.3758/BF03196080 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypothèse de l'attention élevéeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BWHDQG5F-B

embedded-processes modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · focus of attention

· working memoryFunctional model of working memory (Cowan, 1999). Working memoryis conceived as the active part of long-term memory. Only a subset ofactivated informations is under an attentional focusing, with a limitedcapacity. The focus of attention is controlled by a central executive.

• Chein, J. ., Ravizza, S. ., & Fiez, J. . (2003). Using neuroimaging toevaluate models of working memory and their implications for languageprocessing. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 16(4-5), 315-339. [ doi:10.1016/S0911-6044(03)00021-6 ].

• Cowan,N.(1999). An embedded-processes model of working memory. InA. Myake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms ofActive Maintenance and Executive Control, (pp. 32-101). NewYork: CambridgeUniversity Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle des processus imbriquésURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H1809VWN-PEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334981 [Wikidata]

embodied cognitionSyn: embodimentBT: · cognition

· theoryRT: · Act-In model

· affordance· ATHENA model· mnemonic time-travel effect· modal representation

NT: mental simulationApproach in cognitive science that cognition is grounded insensorimotor systems, actions, body and its interactions with theenvironment.

• Caramazza, A., Anzellotti, S., Strnad, L., & Lingnau, A. (2014). Embodiedcognition and mirror neurons: A critical assessment. Annual Review ofNeuroscience, 37(1), 1–15. [ doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-013950 ].

• Foglia, L., & Wilson, R. A. (2013). Embodied cognition. Wiley InterdisciplinaryReviews: Cognitive Science, 4(3), 319-325. [ doi:10.1002/wcs.1226 ].

• Ianì, F. (2019). Embodied memories : Reviewing the role of the body in memoryprocesses. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(6), 1747#1766. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01674-x ].

• Van Dam, W. O., Rueschemeyer, S.-A., Bekkering, H., & Lindemann, O. (2013).Embodied grounding of memory: Toward the effects of motor execution onmemory consolidation. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,66(12), 2310#2328. [ doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.777084 ].

• Versace, R., Brouillet, D., & Vallet, G. (2018). La cognition incarnée : unecognition située et projetée. Bruxelles : Mardaga.

• Wilson, R. A., & Foglia, L. (2016). Embodied Cognition. Stanford Encyclopediaof philosophy. [ http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2016/entries/embodied-cognition/ ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: cognition incarnéeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TMHZZ0G7-FEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4f33e65d0daac

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embodiment [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embodied_cognition [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/embodied_cognition [SAGE]

embodiment

→ embodied cognition

46 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

ENCODING SPECIFICITY

emotionRT: · affective working memory

· amygdala· attentional narrowing· emotional consolidation· fading affect bias· hotspot· mood-congruent memory· Papez circuit· taboo word effect· tunnel memory

NT: · emotion valence· emotional arousal

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: émotionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J6P7BVWC-2EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a17f

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9415 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0007305 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/emotion[SAGE]

emotion valenceBT: emotionRT: · affective priming task

· negativity bias· positivity bias

Postive of negative aspect of an emotion.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: valence émotionnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MF9PFF2L-7

emotional arousalBT: emotionIntensity level of an emotion

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: · Psychology· Psychophysiology

FR: éveil émotionnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JJM51Q6H-4

emotional consolidationBT: consolidationRT: · amygdala

· emotionProcess by which the amygdala promotes the consolidation of emotionalmemories.

• McGaugh, J. L. (2004). The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memoriesof emotionally arousing experiences. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27(1),1-28. [ doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144157 ].

• Yonelinas, A. P., & Ritchey, M. (2015). The slow forgetting of emotional episodicmemories: an emotional binding account. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(5),259-267. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.02.009 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: consolidation émotionnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X4ZVD1JP-3

enactment effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryBetter memory for actions described in sentences if these actions arealso really performed.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de l'exécution des actionsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JJD2VTF4-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072530 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enactment_effect [Wikipedia EN]

encoding

→ coding

encoding specificityBT: episodic memoryThe principle of encoding specificity relies on the dependency betweenthe encoding context and the retrieval context. It refers to the fact thatthe reinstatement of a cue present on the acquisition phase during thetest phase improves retrieval (Tulving & Thompson, 1973).

• Thomson, D. M., & Tulving, E. (1970). Associative encoding and retrieval:Weak and strong cues. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86(2), 255–262.[ doi:10.1037/h0029997 ].

• Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrievalprocesses in episodic memory., 80(5), 352#373. [ doi:10.1037/h0020071.Traduit dans : Nicolas, S., & Piolino, M. P. (2010). Anthologie de psychologiecognitive de la mémoire: Fonctionnalisme et structuralisme. Bruxelles: De BoeckSupérieur. ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: spécificité de l'encodageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TKZB8HG9-6EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375501 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encoding_specificity_principle[Wikipedia EN]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 47

ENCODING VARIABILITY PRINCIPLE

encoding variability principleBT: codingRT: episodic memoryPrinciple that the memory of a material is improved when it is encodedin various environmental and psychological conditions.

• Estes, W. K. (1955a). Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning.Psychological Review, 62(5), 369-377. [ doi:10.1037/h0046888 ].

• Estes, W. K. (1955b). Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression.Psychological Review, 62(3), 145-154. [ doi:10.1037/h0048509 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: principe de la variabilité de l'encodageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZV31MRJW-T

encyclopedic memorySyn: school knowledgeBT: semantic memoryLong-term memory of the specific vocabulary of school topics.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire encyclopédiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TP6J5445-V

engramSyn: · memory trace

· mneme· mnemonic trace· neurogram

BT: storageRT: causal theory of memoryTerm proposed in 1904 by Semon to describe the electrical or chemicalchanges in the nervous system corresponding to a memory, a storedinformation.

• Josselyn, S. A., Köhler, S., & Frankland, P. W. (2015). Finding the engram.Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(9), 521#534. [ doi:10.1038/nrn4000 ].

• Josselyn, S. A., Köhler, S., & Frankland, P. W. (2017). Heroes of theEngram. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(18), 4647#4657. [ doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0056-17.2017 ].

• Lashley, K.S. (1950). In search of the engram. Society of Experimental Biology,Symposium No. 4: Physiological mechanisms in animal behaviour (pp. 454-482). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

• Schacter, D. L., Eich, J. E., & Tulving, E. (1978). Richard Semon’s theoryof memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17(6), 721–743.[ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(78)90443-7 ].

• Semon, R. (1904). The Mneme. London: George Allen & Unwin. [ https://archive.org/details/cu31924100387210 ].

• Semon, R. (1909). Mnemic Psychology. London: George Allen & Unwin. [ https://archive.org/details/mnemicpsychology032279mbp ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: engrammeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G4CV58RJ-CEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b943

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175168 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engramme [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engram_(neuropsychology)[Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/engram[SAGE]

entorhinal area

→ entorhinal cortex

entorhinal cortexSyn: entorhinal areaBT: medial temporal lobeRT: · associative memory

· coding· consolidation· episodic memory· spatial memory· temporal memory

NT: grid cellRegion of the medial temporal lobe at the interface between theneocortex and the hippocampus. It plays an important role in differentaspects of memory functioning (spatial memory, temporal memory,episodic memory, consolidation, etc.).

• Schultz, H., Sommer, T., & Peters, J. (2015). The role of the humanentorhinal cortex in a representational account of memory. Frontiers in HumanNeuroscience, 9. [ doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00628 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: cortex entorhinalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X19H3ZBK-2EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex_entorhinal [Wikipédia FR]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entorhinal_cortex [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0028058 [MeSH]

environmental reduplicative paramnesiaBT: memory disorderA disorder characterized by the involuntary attribution of a false identityto a place.

• Pignat, J.M., Ptak, R., Leemann, B., Guggisberg, A. G., Zahler,B., & Schnider, A. (2013). Modulation of environmental reduplicativeparamnesia by perceptual experience. Neurocase, 19(5), 445-450.[ doi:10.1080/13554794.2012.690428 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: paramnésie reduplicative environnementaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P38874PT-9

environmental support hypothesisBT: theoryRT: memory disorderHypothesis that older adults would fail in different memory tasksbecause they would face more difficulties than younger adults toinitiate themselves in information processing. Information found in theenvironment would then allow them to compensate these difficulties.

• Craik, F. I. M. (1986). A functional account of age differences in memory. In F. Klix& H. Hagendorf (Eds.), Human memory and cognitive capabilities (pp. 409-422).Amsterdam: Elsevier.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypothèse du soutien environnementalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XBN2CJLV-1

48 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

EPISODIC MEMORY

enzymeBT: biological factorNT: · phosphatase

· protein kinasePO: · Animal

· HumanFR: enzymeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z74L57KC-CEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0007528 [MeSH]

episodic bufferBT: working memoryRT: · Baddeley's model

· central executiveIn Baddeley's model of working memory, the episodic buffer is atemporary system with a limited storage capacity of multimodalinformations. It is involved in the integration of information from othersubsystems of working memory and from long term memory, therebycreating a unified episodic representation (Baddeley, 2000).

• Baddeley, A. (2000). The episodic buffer: a new component of workingmemory? Trends in cognitive sciences, 4(11), 417–423. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2 ].

• Quinette, P., Guillery-Girard, B., Hainselin, M., Laisney, M., Desgranges, B., &Eustache, F. (2013). Évaluation du buffer épisodique : deux épreuves testantles capacités d’association et de stockage d’informations verbales et spatiales.Revue de neuropsychologie, 5(1), 56–62. [ doi:10.1684/nrp.2013.0254 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tampon épisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FM726CXZ-4EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b8f0

[Cognitive Atlas]

episodic counterfactual thinking

→ episodic counterfactual thought

episodic counterfactual thoughtSyn: episodic counterfactual thinkingBT: episodic memoryRT: episodic future thoughtImagining or simulating alternatives to past personal events.

• De Brigard, F., & Parikh, N. (à paraître). Episodic counterfactual thinking. CurrentDirections in Psychological Science. [ doi:10.1177/0963721418806512 ].

• De Brigard, F., Addis, D. R., Ford, J. H., Schacter, D. L., & Giovanello, K. S.(2013). Remembering what could have happened: Neural correlates of episodiccounterfactual thinking. Neuropsychologia, 51(12), 2401-2414. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.015 ].

• Schacter, D. L., Benoit, R. G., De Brigard, F., & Szpunar, K. K. (2015). Episodicfuture thinking and episodic counterfactual thinking: Intersections betweenmemory and decisions. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 117, 14-21.[ doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.12.008 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: pensée contrefactuelle épisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZMBR951K-K

episodic foresight

→ episodic future thought

episodic future thinking

→ episodic future thought

episodic future thoughtSyn: · episodic foresight

· episodic future thinking· episodic prospection· episodic simulation

BT: episodic memoryRT: · constructive episodic simulation hypothesis

· episodic counterfactual thought· episodic specificity induction· mental time travel

Aptitude to imagine and simulate future personal events, based onepisodic memory.

• Atance, C. M., & O’Neill, D. K. (2001). Episodic future thinking. Trends inCognitive Sciences, 5(12), 533-539. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01804-0 ].

• Schacter, D. L., Benoit, R. G., & Szpunar, K. K. (2017). Episodic future thinking:mechanisms and functions. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 17, 41#50.[ doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.06.002 ].

• Szpunar, K. K. (2010). Episodic future thought: An emergingconcept. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(2), 142#162.[ doi:10.1177/1745691610362350 ].

PO: HumanFR: pensée future épisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N9PQGMCT-N

episodic memorySyn: · episodic-like memory

· event memory· recollective memory

BT: declarative memoryRT: · adaptive memory

· alcohol myopia· animacy effect· anterograde amnesia· associative deficit· asymmetry effect· attentional boost effect· attentional narrowing· autobiographical memory· autonoetic consciousness· Baker/baker paradox· BIC model· bizarreness effect· California Verbal Learning Test · causal theory of memory· cognitive-context dependent memory· concreteness effect· constructive episodic simulation hypothesis· contiguity effect· direct realism· distinctiveness effect· distributed practice effect· drawing effect· ecphory· enactment effect· encoding variability principle· entorhinal cortex· episodic specificity induction· fading affect bias· familiarity

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 49

EPISODIC MEMORY

· FN400 wave· generation effect· group-reference effect· HERA model· humour effect· indirect realism· KIBRA gene· language dependent memory· levels of processing· list-length effect· list-strength effect· location updating effect· LPC wave· Memory Experiences Questionaire· mental time travel· MINERVA 2· mirror effect· mnemonic time-travel effect· MNESIS model· mobile conjugate reinforcement· mood-dependent memory· negation-induced forgetting· negative repetition effect· negativity bias· one-list-back paradigm· orthographic distinctiveness effect · paired-associates learning task· Papez circuit· parahippocampal cortex· pattern completion· pattern separation· picture complexity effect· pictures superiority effect· positivity bias· posterior parietal cortex· primary distinctiveness effect· production effect· prototype effect· ratio rule· recollection· recollection without remembering· reconstrutive memory· retrieval effort· retrieval mode· retrieval orientation· retrieval success· reverse interference effect· SAM model· saving method· secondary distinctiveness effect· self-choice effect· self-directed learning· self-reference effect· semantic proximity effect· serial order intrusion· severely deficient autobiographical memory· SIMPLE model· simultaneous learning effect· source monitoring· spatial memory· SPI model· taboo word effect· temporal compression· test-potentiated new learning

· testing effect· time cell· train task· tunnel memory· uncinate fasciculus· violation of expectation paradigm· visual paired-comparison paradigm· weapon focus effect· word-frequency effect· Zeigarnik effect

NT: · action memory· collaborative inhibition· context-dependent recognition· contextual memory· déjà vu· destination memory· eidetic memory· encoding specificity· episodic counterfactual thought· episodic future thought· episodic trace· episodicity· everyday amnesia· judgment of recency· numerical judgment of recency· prospective memory· pupil old/new effect· recognition failure· relative judgment of recency· retrograde facilitation· retrospective memory· semantization· source memory· temporal memory

Long-term declarative memory for personal experiences (episodes)located in space and time.

• Billard, P., Clayton, N. S., & Jozet-Alves, C. (2019). Episodicmemory. In J. Vonk & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of AnimalCognition and Behavior (p. 1#13). Springer International Publishing.[ doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1770-1 ].

• Renoult, L., Irish, M., Moscovitch, M., & Rugg, M. D. (2019). From knowing toremembering : The semantic–episodic distinction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences,23(12), 1041#1057. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.09.008 ].

• Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In W. Donaldson (Éd.),Organization of Memory (p. 381#402). New York: Academic Press.

• Tulving, E. (1984). Précis of Elements of episodic memory. Behavioral and BrainSciences, 7(2), 223#238. [ doi:10.1017/S0140525X0004440X ].

• Tulving, E., Eustache, F., Desgranges, B., & Viader, F. (2004). La mémoireépisodique : de l’esprit au cerveau. Revue Neurologique, 160(4, Part 2), 9#23.[ doi:10.1016/S0035-3787(04)70940-6 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire épisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DP4NMT2L-9EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a1f4

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18646 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_épisodique [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episodic_memory [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0535198 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/episodic_memory [SAGE]

50 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

EVENT-BASED PROSPECTIVE MEMORY

episodic primingBT: primingType of priming, which corresponds to a facilitation of the response toa target item after the item has been repeatedly coupled to the samestimuli as compared to the response to an item that has been presentedrepeatedly, but each time associated with a different stimulus.

• Faust, M. E., Balota, D. A., & Spieler, D. H. (2001). Building episodicconnections: Changes in episodic priming with age and dementia.Neuropsychology, 15(4), 626–637. [ doi:10.1037/0894-4105.15.4.626 ].

• McKoon, G., & Ratcliff, R. (1979). Priming in episodic and semantic memory.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 18(4), 463–480. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(79)90255-X ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage épisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZFB3GQ1D-D

episodic prospection

→ episodic future thought

episodic simulation

→ episodic future thought

episodic specificity inductionBT: methodologyRT: · cognitive interview

· episodic future thought· episodic memory

Experimental method based on a brief training to remember the detailsof a recent experience (Madore et al., 2014). This technique woulddistinguish episodic from non-episodic influences on the performancein a memory task. It is derived from the Cognitive Interview.

• Madore, K. P., Gaesser, B., & Schacter, D. L. (2014). Constructive episodicsimulation: Dissociable effects of a specificity induction on remembering,imagining, and describing in young and older adults. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40(3), 609#622. [ doi:10.1037/a0034885 ].

• Schacter, D. L., & Madore, K. P. (2016). Remembering the past and imaginingthe future: Identifying and enhancing the contribution of episodic memory.Memory Studies, 9(3), 245#255. [ doi:10.1177/1750698016645230 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: induction de spécificité épisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X8JWBGH7-H

episodic traceBT: episodic memoryRT: · automatic processing

· learningIn Logan's model (1988), trace left in long-term memory by eachexposure to a task. The accumulation of these traces will constitute aknowledge base that will be gradually used for the automatization of thetask.

• Logan, G. D. (1988). Toward an instance theory of automatization.Psychological Review, 95(4), 492#527. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.95.4.492 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: trace épisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WG1XTXWN-2

episodic-like memory

→ episodic memory

episodicityBT: episodic memoryCriteria specific to episodic memories that distinguish them fromsemantic memories.

• Perrin, D., & Rousset, S. (2014). The episodicity of memory. Review ofPhilosophy and Psychology, 5(3), 291#312. [ doi:10.1007/s13164-014-0196-1 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Philosophy

· PsychologyFR: épisodicitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XNM1M2TZ-F

ERP

→ event-related potentials

estimator variableBT: autobiographical memoryIn the case of eyewitness testimony, variable that is not under the controlof the legal system and must be estimated.

• Wells, G. L. (1978). Applied eyewitness-testimony research: System variablesand estimator variables. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(12),1546#1557. [ doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.12.1546 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: variable d’estimationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R749GZLJ-F

event memory

→ episodic memory

event-based prospective memoryBT: prospective memoryRT: cueAn event is used as a cue to remember what we have planned to do.

• Einstein, G. O., & McDaniel, M. A. (1990). Normal aging and prospectivememory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,16(4), 717–726. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.4.717 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire prospective événementielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZXQ7WLTT-K

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 51

EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS

event-related potentialsSyn: ERPBT: methodologyRT: · brain

· old/new effectNT: · FN400 wave

· LPC waveElectrical responses of the brain to a stimulus or mental event.Event-related potentials are characterized by their positive or negativewaveform, their latency and amplitude.

• Hot, P., & Delplanque, S. (Éds.). (2013). Electrophysiologie de la cognition.Paris : Dunod.

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: potentiels évoqués cognitifsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CLCLWD1Z-XEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14026181 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-related_potential [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0007988 [MeSH]

everyday amnesiaBT: · episodic memory

· forgettingRT: · anterograde amnesia

· autobiographical memoryAmnesia of recent events in people without brain damage.

• Roediger, H. L., & Tekin, E. (2020). Recognition memory : Tulving’s contributionsand some new findings. Neuropsychologia, 139, 107350. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107350 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amnésie quotidienneURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SPTRJQNH-H

everyday memory task

→ ecological assessment

exclusivity effectBT: memory biasRT: spatial memoryWhen two or more memories are available about the location of anobject, the analysis of recall acurracy indicates that only one memoryis accesible at a given time.

• Baguley, T., Lansdale, M. W., Lines, L. K., & Parkin, J. K. (2006). Twospatial memories are not better than one: evidence of exclusivity in memoryfor object location. Cognitive psychology, 52(3), 243–289. [ doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.08.001 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'exclusivitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LXLVT8ZD-G

executive attention

→ central executive

executive functionsBT: cognitionRT: · attention

· Wisconsin Card Sorting Test· working memory

Set of cognitive activities for the control of information and processesand adaptation (cognitive flexibility, planning, inhibition, cognitivecontrol, goal settingl, working memory, etc.). Executive functions arelocated in the prefrontal cortex of the brain.

• Collette, F., & Angel, L. (2015). Mémoire et fonctions exécutives : nouvellespistes de recherche. Biologie Aujourd’hui, 209(3), 287-294. [ doi:10.1051/jbio/2015027 ].

• Diamond, A. (2013). Executive Functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64,135–168. [ doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fonctions exécutivesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZTRSJ6KF-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783092 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonctions_exécutives [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_functions [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0526990 [MeSH]

executive loopBT: working memoryRT: time-based resource sharing modelIn the TBRS model of working memory, a central system providing in asequentially manner the maintenance (by attentional focusing) and theprocessing of transitory representations built on information retrievedfrom peripherical systems and long-term declarative memory.

• Barrouillet, P., & Camos, V. (2015). Working Memory: Loss and Reconstruction.Hove: Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: boucle exécutiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BJCZPBGL-X

exemplar theoriesBT: theoryRT: · categorization

· semantic memoryTheories of categorization stating on the idea that exemplars of objectsare stored in memory. Categorizing a new object is based on theassessment of its similarity with stored exemplars.

• Medin, D. L., & Schaffer, M. M. (1978). Context theory of classification learning.Psychological review, 85(3), 207#238.

• Nosofsky, R. M. (1986). Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorizationrelationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115(1), 39#57.[ doi:10.1037//0096-3445.115.1.39 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théories de l'exemplaireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PKTVX4JZ-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383665 [Wikidata]

52 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

EXTRA-LIST CUE

explanation inflationBT: induced false memoryMemory error when a subject believes that hypothetical events wereexperienced after explaining them.

• Sharman, S. J., Manning, C. G., & Garry, M. (2005). Explain this: Explainingchildhood events inflates confidence for those events. Applied CognitivePsychology, 19(1), 67#74. [ doi:10.1002/acp.1041 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: inflation par explicationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FR9SFWQ1-1

explanatory role hypothesisBT: theoryRT: suggestibilityHypothesis according to which suggestions enhance the likelihood ofdeveloping false memories when they provide an explanation of theevent.

• Chrobak, Q. M., & Zaragoza, M. S. (2013). When forced fabricationsbecome truth: Causal explanations and false memory development. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: General, 142(3), 827-844. [ doi:10.1037/a0030093 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypothèse du rôle explicatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J9M18D03-P

explicit memoryBT: retrievalRT: · declarative memory

· direct test of memory· implicit memory

Conscious retrieval, voluntary or not, of a previous episode located intime and space.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire expliciteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BXR6CPT8-9EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a281

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18608 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_memory [Wikipedia EN]

external aidBT: strategyRT: internal aidType of strategy to modify the environment, putting on or searching cuesto facilitate the encoding or retrieval of memories.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: aide externeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NZHW7BGR-8

extinctionBT: classical conditioningRT: operant conditioningDisappearance of a conditioned response when it ceased to bereinforced.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: extinctionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XXZ15G8M-DEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4fe8edc62f613

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385098 [Wikidata]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0008057 [MeSH]

extra-list cueBT: cueRT: retrievalRetrieval cue not presented during the study phase.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: indice hors-listeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SD1RZXDP-L

extralist distinctiveness effect

→ secondary distinctiveness effect

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 53

FABRICATION INFLATION

Ffabrication inflationBT: induced false memoryMemory error occuring when the subject believes in events that he haspreviously reported in lies.

• Polage, D. C. (2012). Fabrication inflation increases as source monitoringability decreases. Acta Psychologica, 139(2), 335-342. [ doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.12.007 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: inflation par fabricationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F183L26V-F

face blindness

→ prosopagnosia

face memoryBT: visual memoryRT: · Clark Kent effect

· composite face effect· configural processing· first-order relational processing· holistic processing· inversion effect· multidimensional face space model· own-age bias· own-group bias· own-race bias· own-sex bias· own-species bias· prosopagnosia· second-order relational processing· whole-part effect

Generic term for the encoding, storage, and retrieval of faces.

• Baudouin, J.-Y. (2017). Expert en visages : sommes-nous programmés pourreconnaître les visages ? Grenoble : Presses Universitaires de Grenoble.

• Bruce, V., & Young, A. (2012). Face perception. Hove: Psychology Press.• Calder, A., Rhodes, G., Johnson, M., & Haxby, J. (Eds.). (2011). The Oxford

handbook of face perception. Oxford: OUP Oxford.• Hole, G. J., & Bourne, V. (2010). Face Processing: Psychological,

neuropsychological, and applied perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire des visagesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JGRTPFJQ-S

FActs Number

→ fan effect

fading affect biasBT: memory biasRT: · emotion

· episodic memoryBias occuring when people evaluate the emotional intensity of an eventas being weaker when they remember it compared to the time when theyexperienced it. This bias is greater for negative than for positive events.

• Walker, W. R., & Skowronski, J. J. (2009). The fading affect bias: But what thehell is it for? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(8), 1122–1136. [ doi:10.1002/acp.1614 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais de l’affaiblissement de l’affectURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KX30Z9XX-CEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013064 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fading_affect_bias [Wikipedia EN]

false alarmBT: signal detection theoryRT: ROC curveIn signal recognition theory applied to memory, false recognition.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fausse alarmeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XRFJW2WC-1

false autobiographical beliefBT: false memoryErroneous belfief that we have experienced an event in the past, withouta detailed memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fausse croyance autobiographiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DRPS0TBC-H

false fame effectBT: spontaneous false memoryNames of unknown people, studied under divided attention, are morelikely to be judged famous in a memory test compared to new unknownpeople (Jacoby, Woloshyn, & Kelley, 1989).

• Jacoby, L. L., Woloshyn, V., & Kelley, C. (1989). Becoming famous withoutbeing recognized: Unconscious influences of memory produced by dividingattention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118(2), 115-125.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.118.2.115 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de fausse célébritéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BHV1KRRR-0

54 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

FALSE RECALL

false feedback methodBT: methodologyRT: · autobiographical memory

· induced false memory· misinformation effect· misleading information· suggestibility

Method to study the influence of false memories on judgments andbehaviour. For example, participants are first led to falsely believethat as children they became ill by eating a certain type of food. Thissuggested belief may then lead them to judge their preference for thefood in question more negatively, reduce their willingness to eat andactually consume it.

• Bernstein, D. M., & Loftus, E. F. (2009). The consequences of false memoriesfor food preferences and choices. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(2),135#139. [ doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01113.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode du faux retourURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JV1HFXVB-V

false feedback paradigmBT: misinformation paradigmRT: · autobiographical memory

· induced false memory· suggestibility

Method to study the influence of false memories on judgments andbehavior. For example, participants are first led to falsely believe that aschildren they became ill by eating a certain type of food. This suggestedbelief may then lead them to judge their preference for the food inquestion more negatively, reduce their willingness to eat and actuallyconsume it.

• Bernstein, D. M., & Loftus, E. F. (2009). The consequences of false memoriesfor food preferences and choices. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(2),135#139. [ doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01113.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme du faux retourURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VMH6CDVC-N

false memorySyn: · false remembering

· memory distortion· memory error· memory illusion

BT: memoryRT: · conjoint recall paradigm

· conjoint recognition paradigm· distinctiveness heuristic· false-persistence effect· impoverished relational-encoding· phantom recollection· reconstrutive memory· sensory reactivation hypothesis

NT: · commission error· developmental reversal· false autobiographical belief· false recall· false recognition· induced false memory· source attribution error· spontaneous false memory

General term for the creation of erroneous memories that thesubject takes for real. False memories may occur in two ways: asfalse memories of events that never existed, or as false memoriescorresponding to changes of previous events.

• Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2005). The Science Of False Memory. OxfordUniversity Press.

• Corson, Y., & Verrier, N. (2013). Les faux souvenirs. Bruxelles: De Boeck.• Nash, R. A., & Ost, J. (Eds.). (2017). False and distorted memories. New York:

Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: faux souvenirURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JQ343CBV-SEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a323

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2051704 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faux_souvenirs [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_memory [Wikipedia EN]

false memory implantation technique

→ lost in the mall paradigm

false recallBT: false memoryRT: recall taskErroneous recall of items that were not studied.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: faux rappelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LFWNCPHH-C

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 55

FALSE RECOGNITION

false recognitionBT: false memoryRT: · implicit associative response

· recognition taskErroneous recognition of items that were not studied.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fausse reconnaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F3D2PRX3-J

false remembering

→ false memory

false-persistence effectBT: memory biasRT: · false memory

· fuzzy trace theoryFalse memories are stable over time and, in some circumstances,more than true memories. Furthermore, with time, the number of falsememories increases and the number of true memories decreases(Brainerd & Reyna, 2005).

• Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2005). The Science of False Memory. New York:Oxford University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de fausse persistanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q2GCN73B-T

familiarityBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: · BIC model

· déjà vu· episodic memory· memory strength· parietal memory network· perirhinal cortex· R/K paradigm· recognition task

In a recognition task, judgment that an item is old (studied) withoutrecollection of the acquisition context but with the feeling that the itemis familiar.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: familiaritéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TLSBWWJV-BEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b8fc

[Cognitive Atlas]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0013348 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/familiarity[SAGE]

fan effectSyn: FActs NumberBT: memory biasRT: semantic memoryThe more subjects learn facts about a concept, the more they take timeto remember a fact about this concept.

• Anderson, J. R. (1974). Retrieval of propositional informationfrom long-term memory. Cognitive Psychology, 6(4), 451-474.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90021-8 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'éventailURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BSCLNFBP-9EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16879266 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_d'éventail [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_effect [Wikipedia EN]

far transferBT: transferTransfer of knowledge or skills acquired during a task to a new task thatshares few common features with the first.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: transfert éloignéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KPLMJL6H-Z

feature comparison modelBT: computational modelRT: semantic memoryModel of semantic memory (Smith et al., 1974) according to whicha concept is represented by a list of semantic features: sufficientand necessary features, called defining features, and characteristicfeatures, which are typical of a concept or non-essential. Treatmentof relationships between concepts is performed by comparison of theirfeatures.

• Smith, E. E., Shoben, E. J., & Rips, L. J. (1974). Structure and processin semantic memory: A featural model for semantic decisions. Psychologicalreview, 81(3), 214#241. [ doi:10.1037/h0036351 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle de comparaison de traitsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S59TWNV6-JEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449062 [Wikidata]

feedforward neural networkBT: connectionismType of neural network in which the activation is propagated in onedirection from the input layer to the hidden layer, and then from thehidden layer to the output layer.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: InformaticsFR: réseau de neurones unidirectionnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P03SX7J0-0EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Réseau_de_neurones_à_propagation_avant [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedforward_neural_network[Wikipedia EN]

56 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

FLUID INTELLIGENCE

feeling of knowingBT: procedural metamemoryRT: prospective confidenceA metamemory judgment when the subject assesses the possibility torecognize elements that have not been recalled.

• Souchay, C. (2013). Métamémoire et troubles de la mémoire : l’exemple dufeeling-of-knowing. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 5(4), 265–272. [ doi:10.1684/nrp.2013.0282 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: jugement de connaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q7DKTCC5-X

field memory

→ field point of view

field point of viewSyn: · field memory

· first-person perspectiveBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: · autobiographical memory

· visual imageryExpression used when the visual image of an autobiographical memoryreplicates the same perspective as the one experienced during the realevent.

• Nigro, G., & Neisser, U. (1983). Point of view in personal memories. CognitivePsychology, 15(4), 467–482. [ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(83)90016-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: point de vue du champURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CJ5CLF3F-5

fill-in effectBT: memory biasRT: serial recall taskIn a serial recall task, when an item is erroneously recalled too early, itis more often followed by an item that preceded it than by an item thatsucceded to it.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de remplissageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HQ0W00R3-Q

first-order relational processingSyn: sensitivity to first-order relationsBT: configural processingRT: face memoryMode of information processing involved in face perception andrecognition, based on the fact that a face is composed of two eyesplaced above a nose and a nose above a mouth.

• Maurer, D., Grand, R. L., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configuralprocessing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(6), 255-260. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement des relations de premier ordreURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R2XKSZNZ-5

first-person perspective

→ field point of view

flashbulb memoryBT: autobiographical memoryNT: Now Print! mechanismSupposedly vivid memory of the circumstances in which the personexperienced an important public event (for example, J.F. Kennedy'sassassination, F. Mitterrand's election in France, the 9/11 attacks in theUS).

• Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5(1), 73#99.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X ].

• Luminet, O., & Curci, A. (Eds.). (2009). Flashbulb Memories: New Issues andNew Perspectives. Hove: Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: souvenir flashURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GX38VZ6K-REQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288223 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashbulb_memory [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/flashbulb_memory [SAGE]

fluency heuristicBT: retrieval fluencyIn a recognition test, heuristics used by subjects based on the ease andspeed with which information comes to mind and is processed to assesstheir familiarity. Thus, the items for which processing is considered morefluid are more likely to be declared "old" (familiar).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: heuristique de fluenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MGLQCTRN-TEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462648 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluency_heuristic [Wikipedia EN]

fluid intelligenceSyn: · Gf

· fluid reasoningBT: cognitionRT: · cristallized intelligence

· working memoryAbility to conduct logical reasoning to solve new problems, independentof acquired knowledge and culture.

• Cattell, R. B. (1971). Abilities: Their structure, growth, and action. New York:Houghton Mifflin.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: intelligence fluideURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XZ7WQQV5-MEQ: https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/

fluid_intelligence [SAGE]

fluid reasoning

→ fluid intelligence

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 57

FN400 WAVE

FN400 waveSyn: frontal N400BT: event-related potentialsRT: · episodic memory

· old/new effect· recognition task

Negative wave in the frontal lobe appearing between 300 and 500 msafter a stimulus has been recognized by the subject. This component ofevent-related potientials is an indicator of the stimulus familiarity.

• Friedman, D., & Johnson, R. (2000). Event-related potential (ERP) studiesof memory encoding and retrieval: A selective review. Microscopy Researchand Technique, 51(1), 6#28. [ doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20001001)51:1<6::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-R ].

• Gonthier, C., & Hot, P. (2013). Apports de l’électroencéphalographie à lacompréhension de la mémoire. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 5(4), 243–254.https://doi.org/[ doi:10.1684/nrp.2013.0280 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: onde FN400URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XJ333KQF-6

focal prospective memory taskBT: methodologyRT: prospective memoryProspective memory task in which the attention is directed to the eventthat one will need to remember.

• Einstein, G. O., & McDaniel, M. A. (2005). Prospective memory: Multiple retrievalprocesses. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(6), 286-290.[ doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00382.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de mémoire prospective focaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RPCXJPR3-1

focus of attentionSyn: · attentional focus

· attentional focusingBT: attentionRT: · embedded-processes model

· working memoryNT: attentional refreshingIn some models of working memory, the attention directed to a subsetof activated information in working memory, making them more readilyaccessible. According to authors, the focus of attention is limited to oneor four chunks of information.

• Beaudry, O., Neath, I., Surprenant, A. M., & Tehan, G. (2014). The focus ofattention is similar to other memory systems rather than uniquely different.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. [ doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00056 ].

• Cowan,N.(1999).An embedded-processes model of working memory. In A.Myake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms ofActive Maintenance and Executive Control, (pp. 32-101). NewYork: CambridgeUniversity Press.

• Oberauer, K. (2013). The focus of attention in working memory--frommetaphors to mechanisms. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. [ doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00673 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: focus de l'attentionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WKQQ2KZ6-8

foil

→ distractor

forced confabulation paradigmBT: misinformation paradigmRT: · autobiographical memory

· induced false memory· suggestibility

Study methods of induced false memories. When participants do nothave the necessary elements to answer questions about certain detailsof an event or about a complete event, they are forced to guess whathappened. The analyses then focus on the propensity of these forcedconfabulations to integrate the subjects' event memory.

• Ackil, J. K., & Zaragoza, M. S. (1998). Memorial consequencesof forced confabulation: Age differences in susceptibility tofalse memories. Developmental Psychology, 34(6), 1358#1372.[ doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1358 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de la confabulation forcée URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SZ0KSRMJ-9

forced recallBT: recall taskRecall task in which participants are forced to recall a number of studieditems, even to guess the answers.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: rappel forcéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SZQN1QH4-Q

foresight biasBT: memory biasRT: judgment of learningIllusion of competence leading the subject to overestimate the futureperformance of its own memory when there is an inherent discrepancybetween the learning situation and the test conditions (Koriat & Bjork,2005).

• Koriat, A., & Bjork, R. A. (2005). Illusions of competence in monitoringone’s knowledge during study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,Memory, and Cognition, 31(2), 187-194. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.31.2.187 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais de prévisionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FW2KQBFZ-4

forget-it-along-effectBT: memory biasRT: forgettingA person may forget to have already remembered an information aftera new retrieval experience if it was made in a different way than theprevious one.

• Arnold, M. M., & Lindsay, D. S. (2002). Remembering remembering. Journalof Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 521-529.[ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.28.3.521 ].

• Schooler, J. W., Bendikson, M., & Ambadadar, Z. (1997). Taking the middleline: Can we accommodate both fabricated and recovered memories of sexualabuse? In M. Conway (Ed.), Recovered Memories and False Memories (p.251-292). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de l'oubli du souvenirURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QQZK44MQ-4

58 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

FRAGILE VISUAL SHORT-TERM MEMORY

forgetfulness

→ forgetting

forgettingSyn: · forgetfulness

· oblivionBT: memoryRT: · accelerated long-term memory

· acid bath theory· Brown-Peterson task· cue-overload principle· Don't remember/Don't know paradigm· forget-it-along-effect· interference· location updating effect· mnemic neglect· output interference· proactive interference· response competition· retroactive interference· simultaneous learning effect· temporal distinctiveness· trace decay

NT: · everyday amnesia· forgetting curve· incidental forgetting· infantile amnesia· motivated forgetting· omission error· reproductive inhibition· self-limiting process

Broadly speaking, normal or pathological inability to retrieve memories.

• Wixted, J.T. (2004). The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting. AnnualReview of Psychology, 55, 235-269.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: oubliURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JRBPV6BN-2EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b908

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oubli [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgetting [Wikipedia EN]

forgetting curveSyn: retention curveBT: forgettingCurve representing the evolution of forgetting over time.

• Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). La mémoire : Recherches de psychologie expérimentale(S. Nicolas, Trad.). Paris: L’Harmattan.

• Fisher, J. S., & Radvansky, G. A. (2018). Patterns of forgetting. Journal ofMemory and Language, 102, 130#141. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2018.05.008 ].

• Fisher, J. S., & Radvansky, G. A. (2019). Linear forgetting. Journal of Memoryand Language, 108, 104035. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2019.104035 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe d’oubliURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DSPSN23H-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949167 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courbe_de_l'oubli [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgetting_curve [Wikipedia EN]

formal neural network

→ connectionism

forward associative strengthBT: associative strengthRT: backward associative strengthThe level of association between a memory and another memory thatfollowed it. In a task of verbal association, the frequency of associationbetween a word and the words it has evoked.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: force associative vers l’avantURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XS14899P-0

forward conditioningBT: methodologyRT: classical conditioningNT: · delay conditioning

· trace conditioningIn classical conditioning, the procedure consisting in presenting theconditioned stimulus before the unconditioned stimulus.

• Doré, F.-Y., & Mercier, P. (1992). Les fondements de l’apprentissage et de lacognition. Lille: Presses Universitaires de Lille.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: conditionnement antérogradeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DJD1KL0C-5

forward effect of testing

→ test-potentiated new learning

forward serial position curveBT: serial position effectSerial recall accuracy according to the position of items in the study listwhen the serial recall is carried out from the beginning to the end of thelist (primacy effect and recency effect).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe de position sérielle antérogradeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TL6309SB-3

forward testing effect

→ test-potentiated new learning

fragile visual short-term memoryBT: · short-term memory

· visual memoryIntermediate form of short-term visual memory. The information storageduration is greater than that of iconic memory and storage capacity ishigher than that of visual working memory.

• Sligte, I. G., Scholte, H. S., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2008). Are there multiplevisual short-term memory stores? PLoS ONE, 3(2), e1699. [ doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001699. http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001699 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire visuelle à court terme fragileURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BQ3SD31F-L

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 59

FREE RECALL TASK

free recall paradigm

→ free recall task

free recall taskSyn: · free recall paradigm

· free recall testBT: recall taskRT: · ARC index

· asymmetry effect· California Verbal Learning Test · clustering· contiguity effect· functional serial position curve· interresponse time· ratio rule· reverse interference effect· semantic proximity effect· simultaneous learning effect· subjective organization

NT: · continuous-distractor paradigm· directed free recall· modified free recall procédure· multitrial free recall· overt-repetition technique

In a free recall task, subjects are asked to recover memories in anyorder.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de rappel libreURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z4TLQPTN-5

free recall test

→ free recall task

free-association task

→ verbal association task

frontal cortex

→ frontal lobe

frontal lobeSyn: · frontal cortex

· frontal regionBT: brainNT: prefrontal cortexPO: · Animal

· HumanDO: NeurologyFR: lobe frontalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KHRWNS4W-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749520 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobe_frontal [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0008848 [MeSH]

frontal N400

→ FN400 wave

frontal region

→ frontal lobe

Fröhlich effectBT: memory biasRT: spatial memoryError in the memory of the initial position of a moving stimulus, which isjudged more forward in the direction of this stimulus.

• Hubbard, T.L., Motes, M.A. (2005). An effect of context on wether memory forinitial position exhibits a Frôhlich efffect or an onset repulsion effect.QuartelyJournal of Experimental Psychology, 58A, 961-979.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet FröhlichURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CC8530Z8-ZEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fröhlich_effect [Wikipedia EN]

functional amnesiaSyn: · dissociative amnesia

· psychogenic amnesiaBT: amnesiaRetrograde amnesia, following a major stess, a traumatic event, and upto the loss of personal identity. New learning is possible (no anterogradeamnesia).

• Markowitsch, H. J. (1999). Functional neuroimaging correlates of functionalamnesia. Memory, 7(5-6), 561–583. [ doi:10.1080/096582199387751 ].

• Markowitsch, H. J. (2003). Psychogenic amnesia. NeuroImage, 20, S132#S138.[ doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.010 ].

• McNally, R. J. (2003). Remembering trauma. Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress.

• Thomas-Anterion, C. (2017). L’amnésie dissociative. Revue deneuropsychologie, 9(4), 213#217. [ doi:10.1684/nrp.2017.0431 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amnésie fonctionnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X5HPJVMQ-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34568572 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnésie_dissociative [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychogenic_amnesia [WikipediaEN]

functional dissociation

→ functional independence

functional independenceSyn: functional dissociationBT: methodologyFunctional independence is when it can be shown that one variableaffects one memory task but not another. Functional independence isused as an argument for the existence of separate memory systems.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: indépendance fonctionnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NJ67ZW7N-G

60 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

FUZZY TRACE THEORY

functional serial position curveBT: serial position effectRT: free recall taskCurve representing the probability of recall of an item based on theposition of the last rehearsal of this item by the subject.

• Brodie, D. A., & Murdock Jr., B. B. (1977). Effect of presentation time on nominaland functional serial-position curves of free recall. Journal of Verbal Learningand Verbal Behavior, 16(2), 185-200. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80046-7 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe de position sérielle fonctionnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JKFSD77J-G

functionalist theories of memoryBT: theoryRT: memorySet of theories postulating that the operation of the memory can beunderstood from the memory processes carried out by the subject ratherthan postulating the existence of different structures or memory systemsin which information is stored.

• Nicolas, S. (2000). La mémoire humaine, une perspective fonctionnaliste. Paris :L'Harmattan.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théories fonctionnalistes de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KHJSDWCQ-6

fusion methodBT: methodologyRT: visual memoryStudy method of visual memory. Two visual stimuli are presentedsuccessively. Individually, each stimulus has no meaning. However, ifcombined, they represent a recognizable object. The experimenter asksthe subject to superimpose the first stimulus on the second during itspresentation. The memory of the first stimulus is confirmed if the subjectrecognizes the object after the fusion of the two stimuli.

• Stromeyer, C. F., & Psotka, J. (1970). The detailed texture of eidetic images.Nature, 225(5230), 346-349. [ doi:10.1038/225346a0 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode de fusionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H8BVMRZN-C

fuzzy trace theoryBT: theoryRT: · false-persistence effect

· memoryTheory postulating that the information is stored in parallel under twotypes of traces: verbatim traces representing the surface details of thestimuli and gist traces representing the general and thematic sense ofthe stimuli.

• Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (1995). Fuzzy-trace theory: Aninterim synthesis. Learning and Individual Differences, 7(1), 1#75.[ doi:10.1016/1041-6080(95)90031-4 ].

• Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2001). Fuzzy-trace theory: Dualaccount in memory, reasoning, and cognitive neuroscience. Advancesin Child Development and Behavior, 28, 41#100. [ doi:10.1016/S0065-2407(02)80062-3 ].

• Brainerd, C., & Reyna, V. (2004). Fuzzy-trace theory and memory development.Developmental Review, 24(4), 396–439. [ doi:10.1016/j.dr.2004.08.005 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie de la trace floueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M5LZJTD5-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475711 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy-trace_theory [Wikipedia EN]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 61

GEISELMAN EFFECT

GGalton-Crovitz method

→ cue-word method

Gc

→ cristallized intelligence

Geiselman effectBT: memory biasRT: cognitive interviewEyewitnesses are more resistant to misleading suggestions when theyare first interviewed with a Cognitive Interview. This effect is not alwaysobserved.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet GeiselmanURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J29VW7XV-D

geneBT: biological factorNT: KIBRA genePO: · Animal

· HumanFR: gèneURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XBNR5KZL-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gène [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0009078 [MeSH]

general recollection network

→ core recollection network

generate-recognize theorySyn: dual-process theoryBT: theoryRT: retrievalTheory which postulates that two mechanisms are involved in memoryretrieval : a search process for the information in memory and a decisionprocess (deciding whether the retrieved information is the one that wassearched on the basis of a familiarity judgement).

• Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1972). Recognition and retrieval processes infree recall. Psychological Review, 79(2), 97-123. [ doi:10.1037/h0033773 ].

• Bahrick, H. P. (1970). Two-phase model for prompted recall. PsychologicalReview, 77(3), 215#222. [ doi:10.1037/h0029099 ].

• Kintsch, W. (1968). Recognition and free recall of organized lists. Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 78(3, Pt.1), 481-487. [ doi:10.1037/h0026462 ].

• Kintsch, W. (1970). Models for free recall and recognition. In D. Norman (Ed.),Models of Human Memory (p. 331-373). New York: Academic Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie génération-reconnaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QJ9XCWFT-C

generation effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· semantic memoryMemory is best for items that the subject has generated himself than foritems provided by the experimenter. In some cicumstances, generationdoes not affect memory or may have a detrimental effect (negativegeneration effect).

• Slamecka, N. J., & Graf, P. (1978). The generation effect: Delineation ofa phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning andMemory, 4(6), 592–604. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.6.592 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de générationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QN9H3MD5-DEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532593 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_effect [Wikipedia EN]

generic memory

→ semantic memory

gestural loopBT: working memorySubcomponent of working memory specialized in movements, distinctfrom the phonological loop, which some authors propose to add to theBaddeley's model of working memory, at least for meaningless gesturesand movements without iconicity.

• Gimenes, G., Pennequin, V., & Sorel, O. (2013). Division of the articulatory loopaccording to sensory modality using double dissociation. Journal of CognitivePsychology, 25(7), 808-815. [ doi:10.1080/20445911.2013.823974. ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: boucle gestuelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WVMSPSB6-Z

Gf

→ fluid intelligence

62 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

GRAPHEMIC CUED RECALL TASK

global matching modelBT: computational modelRT: memoryNT: · ATHENA model

· MINERVA 2· SAM model

Mathematical and simulation models of memory based on a globalmatching process between a cue and the elements stored in memory,like SAM (Raaijmakers & Shiffrin, 1981; Gillund & Shiffrin, 1984),MINERVA 2 (Hintzman, 1984,1988), TODAM (Murdock, 1982), Matrix(Pike, 1984; Humphreys, Bain & Pike, 1989).

• Gillund, G., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1984). A retrieval model for both recognition andrecall. Psychological Review, 91(1), 1-67. [ doi:10.1037//0033-295X.91.1.1 ].

• Hintzman, D. L. (1984). MINERVA 2: A simulation model of human memory.Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 16(2), 96–101.[ doi:10.3758/BF03202365 ].

• Humphreys, M. S., Bain, J. D., & Pike, R. (1989). Different ways to cue acoherent memory system: A theory for episodic, semantic, and procedural tasks.Psychological Review, 96(2), 208-233. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.208 ].

• Murdock, B. B. (1982). A theory for the storage and retrieval ofitem and associative information. Psychological Review, 89(6), 609-626.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.89.6.609 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: modèle à appariement globalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FF4JCFQJ-N

global recognition taskBT: recognition taskRT: · local recognition task

· short-term memory· Sternberg task

Task of recognizing an item as having been presented in a particular list.

• Oberauer, K. (2003). Understanding serial position curves in short-termrecognition and recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 49(4), 469#483.[ doi:10.1016/S0749-596X(03)00080-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reconnaissance globaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L6SL8BX6-8

glutamateSyn: glutamic acidBT: neurotransmitterRT: long-term potentiationExcitatory neurotransmitter involved in long-term potentiation.

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: glutamateURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T0CV2HJ4-JEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532394 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_glutamique [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0009376 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0009378 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0028010 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0028012 [MeSH]

glutamic acid

→ glutamate

Go/NoGo taskBT: reaction timeSubjects are asked to respond as quickly as possible (Go) to a certainclass of stimuli, for example, by pressing a keyboard key, and notrespond to other classes of stimuli (No Go).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche Go/No GoURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K58RM8DT-0

goal maintenanceBT: working memoryRT: Stroop testWorking memory function consisting in keeping active and accessiblethe goals of an ongoing cognitive task.

• Engle, R. W., & Kane, M. J. (2004). Executive attention, working memorycapacity, and a two-factor theory of cognitive control. In B. H. Ross & B. H. (Eds.),The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 44. (p. 145-199). New York :Elsevier. [ doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(03)44005-X ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: maintien du butURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X2CSSWGQ-WEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a431

[Cognitive Atlas]

graphemic cued recall taskSyn: graphemic cued recall testBT: cued recall taskWords presented as cues during the recall test are physically resemblingto the studied items and share no meaning with them (for example,eager and eagle).

• Blaxton, T. A. (1989). Investigating dissociations among memory measures:Support for a transfer-appropriate processing framework. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15(4), 657-668.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.15.4.657 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de rappel indicé graphémiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K00CJVRD-G

graphemic cued recall test

→ graphemic cued recall task

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 63

GRID CELL

grid cellBT: entorhinal cortexRT: · cognitive map

· place cell· spatial memory

Neuron in the entorhinal cortex that fires when the animal is in differentplaces. All these positions form a hexagonal grid. The grid cells wouldmake it possible to code a global map of the environment.

• Hafting, T., Fyhn, M., Molden, S., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2005).Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex. Nature, 436(7052),801#806. [ doi:10.1038/nature03721 ].

• Moser, E., & Moser, M.-B. (2007). Grid cells. Scholarpedia, 2(7), 3394.[ doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.3394 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: cellule de grilleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J39HHJ6N-2EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_de_grille [Wikipédia FR]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_cell [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000612949 [MeSH]

group-reference effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryMemory improvement when items have been judged according to asocial referencing group of the subjects.

• Lee, H.-N., Rosa, N. M., & Gutchess, A. H. (2016). Ageingand the group-reference effect in memory. Memory, 24(6), 746#756.[ doi:10.1080/09658211.2015.1049184 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du groupe de référenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C75JD9K2-R

grouping effectBT: memory biasRT: serial recall taskWhen the list items are divided into groups, for example by pausingevery three items, the overall serial recall is improved.

• Ryan, J. (1969). Grouping and short-term memory: Different means and patternsof grouping. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 21(2), 137#147.[ doi:10.1080/14640746908400206 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de regroupementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L90RR0HF-2

64 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

HEBB EFFECT

HH-DAPs

→ historically defined autobiographical period

habituationBT: · non associative learning

· non declarative memoryRT: · dishabituation

· habituation/dishabituation paradigm· visual paired-comparison paradigm

Response discrease to a repeated stimulus.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: habituationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RD88ZH84-6EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136816 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habituation [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habituation [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0009735 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/habituation [SAGE]

habituation/dishabituation paradigmBT: recognition taskRT: · dishabituation

· habituationExperimental paradigm to study infant memory based on the interest ofthe baby for novelty. The baby is presented a stimulus until its interestfor the stimulus declines, that is to say that it looks at it for less and lesstime: this is the habituation phase. A new stimulus is then presented.Recognition of this stimulus is inferred if the visual fixation time to thisstimulus increases: this is the dishabituation phase.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme habituation/déshabituationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HS91RPR9-X

haptic memoryBT: sensory memorySensory memory for tactile information.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire haptiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GHNGG5ZB-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5653264 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_memory [Wikipedia EN]

hard-easy effectBT: memory biasRT: confidenceSubjects are more confident in their response to difficult questions andunderconfident in their responses to easy questions.

• Lichtenstein, S., & Fischhoff, B. (1977). Do those who know more alsoknow more about how much they know? Organizational Behavior and HumanPerformance, 20(2), 159-183. [ doi:10.1016/0030-5073(77)90001-0 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet difficile-facileURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NGFLTJHL-ZEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17136967 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard-easy_effect [Wikipedia EN]

HAROLD modelSyn: Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older AdultsBT: non-computational modelRT: memory disorderModel of cognitive aging. In the elderly, reduction of the hemisphericasymmetry in prefrontal cortex during the performance of cognitivetasks, especially during memory tasks, compared to younger subjects.This phenomenon would be an indication of compensatory attempts ofcognitive difficulties by older adults.

• Cabeza, R. (2002). Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: theHAROLD model. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 85-100.

PO: HumanFR: modèle HAROLDURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JXND260V-G

Hebb effectSyn: Hebb repetition effectBT: repetition effectRT: serial recall taskA sequence of items is better recalled when it was repeated overmultiple trials, compared to the recall of non repeated sequences.

• Hebb, D. O. (1961). Distinctive features of learning in the higher animal. In J.F. Delafresnaye (Ed.), Brain Mechanisms and Learning (pp. 37–46). Oxford:Blackwell.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet HebbURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R0P65XB5-R

Hebb repetition effect

→ Hebb effect

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 65

HEBB'S RULE

Hebb's ruleSyn: Hebbian learningBT: learningRT: connectionismLearning rule in a neural network: when neurons are activatedsimultaneoulsy, the synapses between these neurons are reinforced.

• Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory.New York: Wiley.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: · Informatics· Psychology

FR: règle de HebbURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FK9616B8-3EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Règle_de_Hebb [Wikipédia FR]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebbian_theory [Wikipedia EN]

Hebbian learning

→ Hebb's rule

Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults

→ HAROLD model

HERA modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · coding

· episodic memory· retrieval

The HERA model (Hemispheric Encoding / Retrieval Asymmetry)was proposed by Tulving and collaborators (1994) to account forthe following results: in episodic memory, the left prefrontal cortex isinvolved in encoding operations while the right prefrontal cortex isinvolved in retrieval operations.

• Blanchet, S., Bernard, F., Desgranges, B., Eustache, F., Faure, S.(2002). Mémoire épisodique et asymétries hémisphériques. Revue deNeuropsychologie, 12, 319-344.

• Tulving, E., Kapur, S., Craik, F. I., Moscovitch, M., & Houle, S. (1994).Hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry in episodic memory: positronemission tomography findings. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, 91(6), 2016–2020.

PO: HumanFR: modèle HERAURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LP6DTW0M-T

high elaborated reminiscence styleBT: reminiscence styleMothers adopting a highly elaborated reminiscence style talk frequentlyabout the past with their child by asking many questions. Theyincorporate the child's answers in the construction of the story,encouraging participation in the conversation and adding their owncomments in the story. This conversational style would help children tobetter remember the past and to better organize their autobiographicalnarratives.

• Fivush, R. (2009). Sociocultural perspectives on autobiographical memory. InM. L. Courage & N. Cowan (Ed.), The Development of Memory in Infancy andChildhood (p. 283-301). Hove : Psychology Press.

• Fivush, R. (2014). Maternal reminiscing style: The sociocultural construction ofautobiographical memory across childhood and adolescence. In P. J. Bauer & R.Fivish (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook on The Development of Children’s Memory(p. 568-585). New York : Wiley.

• Fivush, R., & Nelson, K. (2004). Culture and language in the emergence ofautobiographical memory. Psychological Science, 15(9), 573-577. [ doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00722.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: style de réminiscence fortement élaboréURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RXQC1KXL-6

higher-order conditioning

→ second-order conditioning

highly superior autobiographical memorySyn: · hyperthymesia

· hyperthymestic syndromeBT: autobiographical memoryIndividuals with an exceptionally powerful autobiographical memory,allowing them to accurately remember details from their distant past.

• Ally, B. A., Hussey, E. P., & Donahue, M. J. (2013). A case of hyperthymesia :Rethinking the role of the amygdala in autobiographical memory. Neurocase,19(2), 166–181. [ doi:10.1080/13554794.2011.654225 ].

• LePort, A. K. R., Mattfeld, A. T., Dickinson-Anson, H., Fallon, J. H.,Stark, C. E. L., Kruggel, F., … McGaugh, J. L. (2012). Behavioral andneuroanatomical investigation of Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory(HSAM). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 98(1), 78–92. [ doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.05.002 ].

• Parker, E. S., Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J. L. (2006). A caseof unusual autobiographical remembering. Neurocase, 12(1), 35–49.[ doi:10.1080/13554790500473680 ].

PO: HumanFR: mémoire autobiographique hautement supérieureURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VHLXZT76-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45320 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthymésie [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthymesia [Wikipedia EN]

66 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

HUMOUR EFFECT

hippocampusBT: medial temporal lobeRT: · BIC model

· brain-derived neurotrophic factor· complementary learning systems· core recollection network· declarative memory· mnemonic similarity task· Papez circuit· pattern completion· pattern separation· spatial memory

NT: · dentate gyrus· place cell· time cell

Structure of the medial temporal lobe involved in different memoryactivities, such as the consolidation of declarative memories, episodicmemory, relational and contextual memory, working memory orspatial memory. The hippocampus is connected to many cortical andsubcortical regions and is also involved in non-mnemonic cognitiveactivities.

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: hippocampeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z24RK3Z6-CEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48360 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampe_(cerveau) [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0010374 [MeSH]

historically defined autobiographical periodSyn: H-DAPsBT: autobiographical memoryOrganization of autobiographical memory by life periods correspondingto public events ("during the war", "after the terrorist attack", "after theearthquake").

• Brown, N. R., Hansen, T. G. B., Lee, P. J., Vanderveen, S. A., & Conrad,F. G. (2012). Historically defined autobiographical periods: Their originsand implications. In D. Berntsen & D. C. Rubin (Eds.), UnderstandingAutobiographical Memory: Theories and Approaches (pp. 160–180). New York:Cambridge University Press.

• Brown, N. R., Lee, P. J., Krslak, M., Conrad, F. G., Hansen, T. G. B., Havelka, J.,& Reddon, J. R. (2009). Living in history: How war, terrorism, and natural disasteraffect the organization of autobiographical memory. Psychological Science,20(4), 399#405. [ doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02307.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: période autobiographique historiquement définieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LL0XW12X-5

hitBT: signal detection theoryRT: ROC curveIn signal detection theory applied to recognition memory, correctrecognition of an item that has been studied.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: détection correcteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WT19LDQ5-Q

holistic processingBT: configural processingRT: · composite face effect

· face memory· inversion effect· whole-part effect

Mode of information processing involved in expert perception andrecognition of objects, such as faces, based on the global configurationof a stimulus as an indivisible whole.

• Maurer, D., Grand, R. L., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configuralprocessing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(6), 255-260. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement holistiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QRFL65P6-G

hotspotBT: autobiographical memoryRT: emotionThis term refers to the detailed memories of the most intense emotionaldistress of a traumatic event.

• Grey, N., & Holmes, E. A. (2008). “Hotspots” in trauma memories in the treatmentof post-traumatic stress disorder: A replication. Memory, 16(7), 788#796.[ doi:10.1080/09658210802266446 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hotspotURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MLLZ9QDP-S

hub and spoke modelBT: computational modelRT: semantic memoryModel of semantic memory. Sensory and motor informations of aconcept are processed by different modality-specific brain regions(spokes). These regions interact with a semantic hub, located in thelateral temporal lobes, which represents the concept in a unified andamodal manner.

• Patterson, K., Nestor, P. J., & Rogers, T. T. (2007). Where do you know what youknow? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain. NatureReviews Neuroscience, 8(12), 976-987. [ doi:10.1038/nrn2277 ].

PO: HumanFR: modèle hub-and-spokeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C7J9JBWW-S

humour effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryBetter memory for humorous material compared to non humorousmaterial.

• Schmidt, S. R. (1994). Effects of humor on sentence memory. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(4), 953-967.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.20.4.953 ].

• Schmidt, S. R. (2002). The humour effect: differential processingand privileged retrieval. Memory (Hove, England), 10(2), 127-138.[ doi:10.1080/09658210143000263 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de l'humourURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NKFH3F7M-W

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 67

HUNTER-MCCRARY HYPOTHESIS

Hunter-McCrary hypothesisSyn: Hunter-McCrary lawBT: theoryRT: serial recall taskHypothesis that, when the proportion of errors for each serial positionin the list is used as a measure of serial learning, serial position curvesalways have the same form in different experimental conditions: thepercentage of errors is higher for the items in the middle of the list thanfor items placed at the beginning or end of the list.

• McCrary, J. W., & Hunter, W. S. (1953). Serial position curves in verbal learning.Science, 117(3032), 131–134. [ doi:10.1126/science.117.3032.131 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypothèse de Hunter-McCraryURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GSTMMFTX-5

Hunter-McCrary law

→ Hunter-McCrary hypothesis

hypercorrection effectBT: memory biasRT: confidenceAfter feedback on the answers, people more readily correct memoryerrors for which they were highly confident than memory errors for whichthey were less confident.

• Butterfield, B., & Metcalfe, J. (2001). Errors committed with high confidence arehypercorrected. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, andCognition, 27(6), 1491#1494. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.27.6.1491 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'hypercorrectionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JBPRW023-4

hypermnesiaBT: memoryIn experimental psychology, memory improvement with successiverepeated retrieval tests. Hypermnesia is established when the numberof newly remembered items with trials exceeds the number of forgottenitems.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypermnésieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JX046THS-T

hyperprimingBT: semantic primingIncrease of the semantic priming effect observed in Alzheimer's diseaseand normal aging.

• Giffard, B., Desgranges, B., Kerrouche, N., Piolino, P., & Eustache, F. (2003).The hyperpriming phenomenon in normal aging: A consequence of cognitiveslowing? Neuropsychology, 17(4), 594-601. [ doi:10.1037/0894-4105.17.4.594 ].

• Giffard, B., Desgranges, B., Nore-Mary, F., Lalevée, C., Sayette, V. dela, Pasquier, F., & Eustache, F. (2001). The nature of semantic memorydeficits in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain, 124(8), 1522-1532. [ doi:10.1093/brain/124.8.1522 ].

• Giffard, B., Desgranges, B., Nore#Mary, F., Lalevée, C., Beaunieux, H., Sayette,V. de la, … Eustache, F. (2002). The dynamic time course of semantic memoryimpairment in Alzheimer’s disease: clues from hyperpriming and hypoprimingeffects. Brain, 125(9), 2044-2057. [ doi:10.1093/brain/awf209 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hyperamorçageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G5J4CZ0L-C

hyperthymesia

→ highly superior autobiographical memory

hyperthymestic syndrome

→ highly superior autobiographical memory

68 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

IMPLICIT ASSOCIATIVE RESPONSE

Iiconic memorySyn: · precategorical visual store

· visual persistence· visual sensory memory

BT: · sensory memory· visual memory

NT: · informational persistence· visible persistance

Sensory memory for visual information.

• Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations.Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 74(11), 1-29. [ doi:10.1037/h0093759 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire iconiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BB0VLCL8-0EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a4f9

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18652 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconic_memory [Wikipedia EN]

identity priming

→ repetition priming

illusory truth effectSyn: · reiteration effect

· truth effect· validity effect

BT: memory biasRT: implicit memoryA piece of information is considered more truthful when it has beenpreviously presented.

• Béna, J., Carreras, O., & Terrier, P. (2019). L’effet de vérité induit par larépétition : Revue critique de l’hypothèse de familiarité. LAnnee psychologique,Vol. 119(3), 397#425.

• Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & Toppino, T. (1977). Frequency and the conferenceof referential validity. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16(1),107-112. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80012-1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de vérité illusoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SLB5MT9S-BEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540477 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_vérité_illusoire [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_truth_effect [Wikipedia EN]

imageability effect

→ concreteness effect

imagination inflationBT: induced false memoryMemory error of believing that hypothetical events were experiencedafter having imagined them.

• Garry, M., Manning, C. G., Loftus, E. F., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). Imaginationinflation: Imagining a childhood event inflates confidence that it occurred.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(2), 208#214. [ doi:10.3758/BF03212420 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: inflation par imaginationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PM7RPRWP-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002616 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagination_inflation [Wikipedia EN]

immediate memory

→ short-term memory

implanted false memorySyn: rich false memoryBT: induced false memoryRT: · autobiographical memory

· lost in the mall paradigm· misinformation effect· misleading information· suggestibility

False memory of an entire event produced under the influence ofsuggestions.

• Loftus, E. F., & Pickrell, K. L. (1995). The formation of false memories.Psychiatric Annals, 25(12), 720#725. [ doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19951201-07 ].

• Scoboria, A., Wade, K. A., Lindsay, D. S., Azad, T., Strange, D., Ost, J.,& Hyman, I. E. (2017). A mega-analysis of memory reports from eightpeer-reviewed false memory implantation studies. Memory, 25(2), 146#163.[ doi:10.1080/09658211.2016.1260747 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: faux souvenir implanté URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FHFQHWQB-C

implicit associative responseBT: theoryRT: · false recognition

· spontaneous false memoryHypothesis proposed by Underwood (1965) to explain the semanticintrusions in a recognition task. When subjects study words, theygenerate mentally other words that are associated with them. Theserelated words can then be recognized incorrectly as having beenstudied.

• Underwood, B. J. (1965). False recognition produced by implicit verbalresponses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(1), 122-129. [ doi:10.1037/h0022014 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: réponse associative impliciteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D69TGC3C-6

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 69

IMPLICIT LEARNING

implicit learningBT: learningRT: artificial grammarNT: statistical learningLearning of rules and events that the subject has not explicitly identified.

• Meulemans, T. (1998). L'apprentissage implicite : une approche cognitive,neuropsychologique et développementale. Solal : Marseille.

• Perruchet, P., Nicolas, S. (1998). L'apprentissage implicite : un débat théorique.Psychologie Française, 43(1), 13-25.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage impliciteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BVX2N7J5-XEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_565bce2791089

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938545 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_learning [Wikipedia EN]

implicit memoryBT: retrievalRT: · explicit memory

· illusory truth effect· indirect test of memory· mere exposure effect· mirror learning· non declarative memory· repetition suppression· saving method

NT: · perceptual representation system· priming

Implicit memory occurs when there is an improvement or change inperformance in a cognitive task that are the result of a previous eventwithout the subject making explicit and conscious reference to thatevent.

• Graf, P., & Schacter, D. L. (1985). Implicit and explicit memory for newassociations in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11(3), 501-518.

• Nicolas, S. (1994). Réflexions autour du concept de mémoire implicite. L’annéepsychologique, 94(1), 63-79. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1994.28736 ].

• Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13(3), 501-518.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.13.3.501 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire impliciteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TFTTHB8V-TEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a533

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18614 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_memory [Wikipedia EN]

implicit working memoryBT: working memoryTerm used to specify the non-conscious aspects of working memoryfunctioning.

• Hassin, R. R., Bargh, J. A., Engell, A. D., & McCulloch, K. C. (2009). Implicitworking memory. Consciousness and cognition, 18(3), 665#678. [ doi:10.1016/j.concog.2009.04.003 ].

• Magnussen, S. (2009). Implicit visual working memory. Scandinavian Journal ofPsychology, 50(6), 535#542. [ doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00783.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire de travail impliciteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X5TCFS4P-Q

important memories methodBT: methodologyRT: · autobiographical memory

· cue-word method· reminiscence bump

Method for studying autobiographical memory. Subjects are asked toreport particularly significant memories of their lives.

• Koppel, J., & Berntsen, D. (2015). The peaks of life : The differential temporallocations of the reminiscence bump across disparate cueing methods. Journalof Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4(1), 66#80. [ doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.11.004 ].

• Koppel, J., & Berntsen, D. (2016). The reminiscence bump in autobiographicalmemory and for public events : A comparison across different cueing methods.Memory, 24(1), 44#62. [ doi:10.1080/09658211.2014.985233 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode des souvenirs importantsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K2XK742Z-X

impoverished relational-encodingBT: theoryRT: · distinctiveness heuristic

· false memoryHypothesis proposed by Hege and Dodson (2004) to explain why thestudy of distinctive information reduces false memories. According tothis hypothesis, the distinctive details interfere with the encoding ofrelational or associative information, the latter being the main source offalse memories.

• Hege, A. C. G., & Dodson, C. S. (2004). Why distinctiveinformation reduces false memories: Evidence for both impoverishedrelational-encoding and distinctiveness heuristic accounts. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(4), 787#795.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.4.787 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: encodage relationnel appauvriURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NJCNGK1S-V

incidental forgettingBT: forgettingNT: · attribute amnesia

· inhibition-induced forgetting· negation-induced forgetting· retrieval-induced forgetting· thinking-induced forgetting

Inability to remember information without an intent to forget.

• Anderson, M. C. (2015). Incidental learning. In A. D. Baddeley, M. C. Anderson,& M. W. Eysenck (Eds.), Memory (2ᵉ éd., p. 231-263). Hove: Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli incidentURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LW5DVQP2-N

70 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

INFERENCE-BASED FALSE MEMORY

incidental learningBT: learningRT: · mnemonic similarity task

· orienting taskLearning situation in which the subject is not notified that his memorywill be assessed.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage incidentURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B0MKL2QD-7EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a556

[Cognitive Atlas]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/incidental_learning [SAGE]

indirect realismBT: theoryRT: episodic memoryIn philosophy, a position according to which the object of the episodicmemory is an internal representation of the past event.

• Hume, D. (1739/1999). Traité de la nature humaine : Livre 1 et appendice.L’entendement. Paris: Flammarion.

• Locke, J. (1689/2009). Essai sur l’entendement humain. Paris: Le Livre dePoche.

• Michaelian, K., & Sutton, J. (2017). Memory. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The StanfordEncyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University. Consulté à l’adresse [ https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2017/entries/memory/ ].

• Perrin, D. (2012). Qu'est-ce que se souvenir ? Paris : Vrin.• Russell, B. (1921). L'analyse de l'esprit. Paris : Payot.

PO: HumanDO: PhilosophyFR: réalisme indirectURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RVG4L5WD-XEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860201 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_and_indirect_realism[Wikipedia EN]

indirect test of memoryBT: methodologyRT: · implicit memory

· lexical decision task· naming task

NT: · perceptual identification task· word-fragment completion task· word-stem completion task

In indirect tests of memory, the influence of a cognitive task on memoryis assessed indirectly, without reference to past events in instructions.These tests concern implicit memory.

• Richardson-Klavehn, A., & Bjork, R. A. (1988). Measures of memory.Annual review of psychology, 39(1), 475–543. [ doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.002355 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: test indirect de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J7T09RFB-9EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6025127 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_tests_of_memory[Wikipedia EN]

induced false memoryBT: false memoryRT: · false feedback method

· false feedback paradigm· forced confabulation paradigm· misinformation effect· misleading information· rumor mongering paradigm

NT: · explanation inflation· fabrication inflation· imagination inflation· implanted false memory· suggestibility

False memory produced under social pressure or external suggestions.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: faux souvenir induitURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZJ70X7NZ-6EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157046 [Wikidata]

infantile amnesiaSyn: childhood amnesiaBT: forgettingRT: · autobiographical memory

· neurogenic hypthothesisInability to retrieve autobiographical memories dating from the earlyyears of life. Some researchers distinguish absolute infantile amnesia,up to 2 years, with almost no memory, and a relative infantile amnesia(also called childhood amnesia) until about 5-6 years, characterized bysparse and incomplete memories.

• Hayne, H., & Jack, F. (2011). Childhood amnesia. Wiley InterdisciplinaryReviews: Cognitive Science, 2(2), 136–145. [ doi:10.1002/wcs.107 ].

• Henri, V., & Henri, C. (1896). Enquête sur les premiers souvenirs de l’enfance.L’Année psychologique, 3(1), 184#198. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1896.1831 ].

• Madsen, H. B., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Ontogeny of memory : An update on 40years of work on infantile amnesia. Behavioural Brain Research, 298, 4#14.[ doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.030 ].

• Miles, C. (1895). A study of individual psychology. The American Journal ofPsychology, 6(4), 534-558. [ doi:10.2307/1411191 ].

• Perret, P. (2011). L’amnésie infantile : les perspectives tirées de la psychologiedéveloppementale. Devenir, 23(4), 379#395. [ doi:10.3917/dev.114.0379 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: amnésie infantileURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZBZTH4XB-CEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493965 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnésie_infantile [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_amnesia [Wikipedia EN]

inference-based false memoryBT: spontaneous false memoryNT: schema-based false memoryMemory error resulting from an inference made by the subject aboutan event, for example, by using his prior knowledge and attitudes or byseeking a causal explanation of the event.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: faux souvenir basé sur une inférenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SK3SSKXH-C

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 71

INFORMATION REMOVAL

information removalBT: working memory updatingWorking memory updating process by which a non-longer relevantinformation is removed.

• Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., & Oberauer, K. (2014). Removal ofinformation from working memory: A specific updating process. Journal ofMemory and Language, 74, 77#90. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2013.09.003 ].

• Lewis#Peacock, J. A., Kessler, Y., & Oberauer, K. (à paraître). The removal ofinformation from working memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.[ doi:10.1111/nyas.13714 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: retrait d'une informationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QFXVVG35-1

informational persistenceBT: iconic memoryRT: visible persistanceSecond component of iconic memory corresponding to the persistenceof the visual properties of the stimulus which is no longer visible.

• Coltheart, M. (1980). Iconic memory and visible persistence. Perception &psychophysics, 27(3), 183–228. [ doi:10.3758/BF03204258 ].

• Loftus, G. R., & Irwin, D. E. (1998). On the relations among different measuresof visible and informational persistence. Cognitive Psychology, 35(2), 135-199.[ doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0678 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: persistance informationnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WM4BFG4V-Q

inhibition-induced forgettingBT: incidental forgettingWhen responses to stimuli are to be inhibited, the memory of thesestimuli is impaired.

• Chiu, Y.-C., & Egner, T. (2015). Inhibition-induced forgetting when morecontrol leads to less memory. Psychological Science, 26(1), 27-38.[ doi:10.1177/0956797614553945 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli induit par l'inhibitionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VX42ZRSP-1

inhibitory controlSyn: response inhibitionBT: working memoryRT: · central executive

· interference resolution· Stroop test

Ability to avoid being distracted by irrelevant stimuli in order to continueperforming a cognitive task and to prevent the production of a routineresponse. Inhibitory control is one of the executive functions.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: contrôle inhibiteurURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S1GSCPTD-JEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibitory_control [Wikipedia EN]

https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/inhibitory_control [SAGE]

inner scribeBT: visuo-spatial sketchpadSub-system of the visuo-spatial sketchpad for the refreshing andmanipulation of the visual and spatial informations stored in the visualcache (Loggie, 1995)

• Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-Spatial Working Memory. Mahwah : LawrenceErlbaum Associates.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: scribe interneURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K38MBB96-G

instrumental conditioning

→ operant conditioning

instrumental learning

→ operant conditioning

intention superiority effectBT: memory biasRT: prospective memoryResponse time to a task that was expected to be performed is shorterthan response time to a task non-associated with such an intention orwhen the intention to execute the task was canceled.

• Goschke, T., & Kuhl, J. (1993). Representation of intentions: Persisting activationin memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, andCognition, 19(5), 1211-1226. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.5.1211 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de supériorité des intentionsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D0GCB58L-L

intentional forgetting

→ directed forgetting

intentional learningBT: learningLearning situation in which the subject is notified that his memory willbe assessed.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage intentionnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DHZ3MS65-DEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a695

[Cognitive Atlas]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/intentional_learning [SAGE]

72 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

INTRA-LIST CUE

interferenceBT: cognitionRT: · A-B, C-B learning task

· dual task paradigm· forgetting

NT: · associative blocking· interference resolution· output interference· perceptual interference effect· proactive interference· retroactive interference· semantic blocking effect

Process or information that prevents storing or retrieving anotherinformation.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: interférenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SD7JDTZ4-8EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a6ad

[Cognitive Atlas]

interference control

→ interference resolution

interference resolutionSyn: interference controlBT: interferenceRT: · central executive

· inhibitory control· working memory

In working memory, process to mitigate interference effects betweenrepresentations by selecting those that are relevant to the achievementof a cognitive task

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: résolution de l'interférenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WJWG0JC6-WEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4c3e04d656f06

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_551f11bb8f6a8[Cognitive Atlas]

interim test effect

→ test-potentiated new learning

internal aidBT: strategyRT: · external aid

· mental imageryNT: · categorization

· clustering· elaboration· keyword method· organization· rehearsal· retrieval practice· subjective organization· testing effect

Type of strategy that the subject carries out mentally to facilitate theencoding or retrieval of memories.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: aide interneURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WPBZBD02-R

interresponse timeBT: methodologyRT: · free recall task

· serial recall taskTime between two responses in a free or serial recall test.

• Kahana, M. J., & Jacobs, J. (2000). Interresponse times in serial recall: Effectsof intraserial repetition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,and Cognition, 26(5), 1188-1197. [ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.26.5.1188 ].

• Rohrer, D., & Wixted, J. T. (1994). An analysis of latency and interresponse timein free recall. Memory & Cognition, 22(5), 511–524. [ doi:10.3758/BF03198390 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: temps inter-réponsesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TPL541CX-L

interviewBT: methodologyNT: · cognitive interview

· NICHD protocolPO: HumanDO: · Psychology

· SociologyFR: entretienURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PW60KCQL-2EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0026105 [MeSH]

intra-list cueBT: cueRT: retrievalRetrieval cue presented during the study phase.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: indice intra-listeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VZFJ96TS-5

intralist distinctiveness effect

→ primary distinctiveness effect

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 73

INTRUSION RECENCY EFFECT

intrusion recency effectBT: recency effectRT: recall taskIn the recall of a list items, intrusions from prior lists comes from themore recent lists.

• Kahana, M. J., Howard, M. W., Zaromb, F., & Wingfield, A. (2002). Agedissociates recency and lag recency effects in free recall. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 530-540.[ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.28.3.530 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de récence des intrusionsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XN89CL8D-R

inversion effectBT: memory biasRT: · face memory

· holistic processing· recognition task

Face memory is more impaired than object memory when the stimuliare inverted (Yin, 1969).

• Yin, R. K. (1969). Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology, 81(1), 141-145.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'inversionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GR67BXW0-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55080301 [Wikidata]

involuntary memoryBT: retrievalRT: involuntary memory diary method Retrieving a memory without a conscious intention to do so.

• Berntsen, D. (2009). Involuntary autobiographical memories: An introduction tothe unbidden past. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

• Mace, J. (Ed.). (2007). Involuntary Memory. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.• Mace, J. H. (2004). Involuntary autobiographical memories are highly dependent

on abstract cuing: the Proustian view is incorrect. Applied Cognitive Psychology,18(7), 893#899. [ doi:10.1002/acp.1020 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: souvenir involontaireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N2C1MM61-NEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28635 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involuntary_memory [Wikipedia EN]

involuntary memory diary method BT: methodologyRT: · autobiographical memory

· diary method· involuntary memory

The subject is asked to record in a diary the involuntary autobiographicalmemories that come to mind.

• Berntsen, D. (1996). Involuntary autobiographical memories.Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10(5), 435#454. [ doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0720(199610)10:5<435::AID-ACP408>3.0.CO;2-L ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode du journal des souvenirs involontaires URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TBP8Q9BF-X

irrelevant sound effectBT: memory biasRT: · irrelevant speech effect

· serial recall task· short-term memory· verbal memory· verbal span

NT: · auditory deviant effect · changing-state effect

Disruption of short-term verbal memory when the memory task wasperformed while the subject was hearing sounds (e. g. instrumentalmusic) that he or she was asked to ignore.

• Jones, D., & J. Macken, W. (1993). Irrelevant tones produce an irrelevantspeech effect: Implications for phonological coding in working memory. Journalof Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 369#381.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.2.369 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du son non écouté URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G252JHGQ-5EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrelevant_speech_effect [Wikipedia

EN]

irrelevant speech effectSyn: unattended speech effectBT: memory biasRT: · irrelevant sound effect

· phonological store· serial recall task· short-term memory· verbal memory· verbal span

Span reduction when subjects hear irrelevant speech sounds during thespan task.

• Colle, H. A., & Welsh, A. (1976). Acoustic masking in primary memory.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 15(1), 17-31. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(76)90003-7 ].

• Neath, I. (2000). Modeling the effects of irrelevant speech on memory.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(3), 403–423. [ doi:10.3758/BF03214356 ].

• Salamé, P., & Baddeley, A. (1982). Disruption of short-term memory byunattended speech: Implications for the structure of working memory. Journalof Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21(2), 150-164. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(82)90521-7 ].

• Salamé, P., & Baddeley, A. (1986). Phonological factors in STM: Similarity andthe unattended speech effect. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 24(4), 263–265. [ doi:10.3758/BF03330135 ].

• Salamé, P., & Baddeley, A. (1987). Noise, unattended speech and short-termmemory. Ergonomics, 30(8), 1185-1194. [ doi:10.1080/0014013870896600 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du discours non écoutéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LN80MF6K-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073627 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrelevant_speech_effect [WikipediaEN]

isolation effect

→ von Restorff effect

isomnemonic function

→ ROC curve

74 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

ITEM-SPECIFIC PROCESSING

item-method directed forgetting paradigmBT: methodologyRT: directed forgettingMethod of studying directed forgetting. The experimenter presents aseries of items to the subject, one by one. After each item, the subjectis instructed to either remember or forget it. Memory for all items is thentested.

• Muther, W. S. (1965). Erasure or partitioning in short-term memory. PsychonomicScience, 3(1#12), 429#430. [ doi:10.3758/BF03343215 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme d'oubli dirigé en méthode itemURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R4B06W09-T

item-specific processingBT: codingInformation processing mode defined as encoding information specificto a particular item.

• Hunt, R. R., & Einstein, G. O. (1981). Relational and item-specific informationin memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20(5), 497–514.[ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(81)90138-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement spécifique de l'itemURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JG3CZ6KT-W

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 75

JOST'S LAWS

JJOR

→ judgement of retention

Jost's lawsBT: memory strengthLaws formulated by Jost in 1897. If two memory traces have the samestrength, 1) the repetition of the oldest reinforces it more that repetitionof the newest and 2) the oldest trace will deteriorate less quickly thanthe newer one.

• Jost, A. (1897). Die Assoziationsfestigkeit in ihrer Abhängigkeit von derVerteilung der Wiederholungen. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie derSinnesorgane, 14, 436-472

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: lois de JostURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M1QJM17D-7

judgement of relative order

→ relative judgment of recency

judgement of retentionSyn: JORBT: procedural metamemoryMetamemory judgment of predicting the time that information will beretained.

• Tauber, S. K., & Rhodes, M. G. (2012). Measuring memory monitoring withjudgements of retention (JORs). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,65(7), 1376-1396. [ doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.656665 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: jugement de rétentionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NK1DH490-W

judgment of frequencyBT: retrievalNT: categorical frequency estimationFrequency judgement of the occurence of an item in a list.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: jugement de fréquenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B2M1GXS4-3

judgment of learningBT: procedural metamemoryRT: · confidence

· delayed judgment of learning effect· foresight bias· prospective confidence

A metamemory judgement when the subject self-evaluates the level ofattainement of his learning.

• Arbuckle, T. Y., & Cuddy, L. L. (1969). Discrimination of item strength attime of presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81(1), 126#131.[ doi:10.1037/h0027455 ].

• Nelson, T. O., Narens, L., & Dunlosky, J. (2004). A revised methodologyfor research on metamemory: Pre-Judgment Recall and Monitoring (PRAM).Psychological Methods, 9(1), 53#69. [ doi:10.1037/1082-989X.9.1.53 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: jugement d'apprentissageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F993CRVC-R

judgment of recencyBT: episodic memoryParticipants successively study two lists of items. Then they are askedto indicate whether an item appeared in the first or in the second list.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: jugement de récenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QZ66RWMB-D

judgment of the rate of learningBT: procedural metamemoryPerception of the rate at which learning is progressing (Metclafe &Kornell, 2005).

• Metcalfe, J., & Kornell, N. (2005). A region of proximal learning model ofstudy time allocation. Journal of Memory and Language, 52(4), 463#477.[ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2004.12.001 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: jugement du taux d'apprentissageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DF6MB3BL-S

76 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

KORSAKOFF SYNDROME

Kkeyword methodSyn: · keyword mnemonics

· keyword techniqueBT: internal aidMnemonic aid that may facilitate the learning of unfamiliar vocabulary,especially the acquisition of vocabulary in a foreign language. The firststep is to associate the foreign word with a word of the native language(keyword) with similar pronunciation (at least for a part of the foreignword) and the second step is to create a visual mental image combiningthe keyword and the translation of the foreign word.

• Raugh, M. R., & Atkinson, R. C. (1975). A mnemonic method for learning asecond-language vocabulary. Journal of Educational Psychology, 67(1), 1-16.[ doi:10.1037/h0078665 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode du mot-cléURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q70P849Z-Z

keyword mnemonics

→ keyword method

keyword technique

→ keyword method

KIBRA geneBT: geneRT: episodic memoryGene that plays an important role in the performance of episodicmemory. In particular, bearers of the KIBRA T allele score higher inepisodic memory tasks.

• Kauppi, K., Nilsson, L.-G., Adolfsson, R., Eriksson, E., & Nyberg, L. (2011).KIBRA polymorphism is related to enhanced memory and elevated hippocampalprocessing. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(40), 14218-14222. [ doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3292-11.2011 ].

• Papassotiropoulos, A., Stephan, D. A., Huentelman, M. J., Hoerndli, F. J., Craig,D. W., Pearson, J. V., … de Quervain, D. J.-F. (2006). Common KIBRA allelesare associated with human memory performance. Science, 314(5798), 475-478.[ doi:10.1126/science.1129837 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: GeneticsFR: gène KIBRAURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TBV9NL3Q-SEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29725959 [Wikidata]

Korsakoff syndromeBT: amnestic syndromeKorsakoff's syndrome (Korsakoff, 1889) is a type of amnestic syndromewith diencephalic lesions. In addition to anterograde and retrogradeamnesia, with preservation of the earliest memories, patients withKorsakoff's syndrome also present with fabulations, false recognitionsof persons, spatio-temporal disorientation, anosognosia of memorydisorders, disorders of executive functions. The most common etiologyof Korsakoff's syndrome is chronic alcoholism leading to vitamin B1deficiency (thiamine).

• Arts, N., Walvoort, S., & Kessels, R. (2017). Korsakoff’s syndrome: a criticalreview. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Volume 13, 2875#2890.[ doi:10.2147/NDT.S130078 ].

• Korsakoff, S. (1889). Étude médico-psychologique sur une forme des maladiesde la mémoire. Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Étranger, 28, 501-530.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: syndrome de KorsakoffURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RZQ9PF13-7EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622901 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_de_Korsakoff [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korsakoff_syndrome [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0000642 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/Korsakoff_syndrome [SAGE]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 77

LAG EFFECT

Llag effectSyn: Melton effectBT: distributed practice effectMemory of an item is better when the interval between the repetition ofthis item increases.

• Glenberg, A. M. (1976). Monotonic and nonmonotonic lag effects in paired-associate and recognition memory paradigms. Journal of Verbal Learning andVerbal Behavior, 15(1), 1#16. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(76)90002-5 ].

• Madigan, S. A. (1969). Intraserial repetition and coding processes in free recall.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8(6), 828#835. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80050-2 ].

• Melton, A. W. (1970). The situation with respect to the spacing of repetitionsand memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9(5), 596#606.[ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80107-4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'intervalleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DSWZ2T3B-8

lag-recency effectBT: memory biasRT: serial recall taskWhen an item has been recalled, items which are close to its serialposition are more likely to be recalled than remote items.

• Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (1999). Contextual variability and serial positioneffects in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory,and Cognition, 25(4), 923#941. [ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.25.4.923 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de récence d'intervalleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TR8XDZ82-3

languageBT: cognitionRT: · language dependent memory

· lexical decision taskNT: · phonotactic frequency

· verbal memory· word frequency

PO: HumanDO: · Linguistics

· PsychologyFR: langageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T450WFPF-2EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a769

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langage [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0012201 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/language[SAGE]

language dependent memoryBT: cognitive-context dependent memoryRT: · episodic memory

· languageBilingual people better remember words or texts when they are testedin the same language that was used during the presentation of thematerial.

• Marian, V., & Fausey, C. M. (2006). Language-dependent memory in bilinguallearning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20(8), 1025-1047. [ doi:10.1002/acp.1242 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire dépendante du langageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZF8FX1KS-L

language familiarity effectBT: memory biasRT: · serial recall task

· short-term memory· verbal memory

In bilingual subjects, immediate serial recall is better for the languagethat is most familiar to them.

• Thorn, A. S. C., Gathercole, S. E., & Frankish, C. R. (2002). Language familiarityeffects in short-term memory: The role of output delay and long-term knowledge.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 55(4), 1363-1383.[ doi:10.1080/02724980244000198 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du langage familierURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CQ0LM3NP-8

late positive component

→ LPC wave

latent inhibitionSyn: conditioned stimulus preexposure effect BT: classical conditioningIn classical conditioning, greater difficulty to establish a conditioningwhen the conditioned stimulus has been presented several times beforebeing associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

• Lubow, R. E., & Moore, A. U. (1959). Latent inhibition: The effect ofnonreinforced pre-exposure to the conditional stimulus. Journal of Comparativeand Physiological Psychology, 52(4), 415#419. [ doi:10.1037/h0046700 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: inhibition latenteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KZMBQXLM-8EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibition_latente [Wikipédia FR]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_inhibition [Wikipedia EN]

78 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

LAW OF USE

latent learningBT: learningForm of learning without reinforcement, and overtly expressed when thereinforcement is introduced.

• Blodgett,, H. C. (1929). The effect of the introduction of reward upon the mazeperformance of rats. University of California Publications in Psychology, 4, 113–134.

• Tolman, E. C., & Honzik, C. H. (1930). “Insight” in rats. University of CaliforniaPublications in Psychology, 4, 215–232.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage latentURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HBT2LQ4S-NEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6495497 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_learning [Wikipedia EN]

latent semantic analysisSyn: LSABT: computational modelRT: · distributional hypothesis

· semantic memoryStatistical method that identifies semantic components underlyingwords. It is based on the idea that words in a corpus of texts that co-occur in the same contexts have similar meanings.

• Bellissens, C., Thérouanne, P., & Denhière, G. (2004). Deux modèles vectorielsde la mémoire sémantique: Description, théorie et perspectives. Le Langage etl’homme, 39(2), 101–121.

• Landauer, T. K., & Dumais, S. T. (1997). A solution to Plato’sproblem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction,and representation of knowledge. Psychological review, 104(2), 211#240.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.104.2.211 ].

• Landauer, T. K., Foltz, P. W., & Laham, D. (1998). An introduction to latentsemantic analysis. Discourse processes, 25(2-3), 259–284.

• Lemaire, B., & Dessus, P. (2003). Modèles cognitifs issus de l’Analyse de lasémantique latente. Cahiers Romans de sciences cognitives, 1(1), 55–74.

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· Linguistics· Psychology

FR: analyse sémantique latenteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K412CML4-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806883 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyse_sémantique_latente[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_semantic_analysis[Wikipedia EN]

law of disuseBT: law of exerciseRT: trace decayOne of the two forms of the law of exercise formulated by psychologistEdward Thorndike (1913). The association between situation andresponses is weakened when this combination is no longer used.

• McGeoch, J. A. (1932). Forgetting and the law of disuse. Psychological Review,39(4), 352#370. [ doi:10.1037/h0069819 ].

• Thorndike, E.L. (1913). Educational Psychology (Vol. 1) : The OriginalNature of Man. New York : Teachers College. [ https://archive.org/details/educationalpsych00tor ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: loi de l'inutilisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FKZT3CND-C

law of effectBT: theoryRT: · associative learning

· operant conditioningLearning law formulated by Thorndike (1911) stipulating that theprobability that a stimulus has to produce a response increases if theconsequences of the response are satisfactory for the subject, anddecreases if the consequences are unpleasant.

• Skinner, B.F. (1938). The behavior of organisms. Neyw York: Appleton.• Thorndike, E.L. (1911). Animal Intelligence. New York : MacMillan.[ http://

psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/Animal/ ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: loi de l'effetURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FPM2R438-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174035 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_de_l'effet [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_effect [Wikipedia EN]

law of exerciseBT: theoryRT: associative learningNT: · law of disuse

· law of useLearning law formulated by Thorndike (1911) stipulating that every timea response is produced in the presence of a given stimulus, it increasesthe likelihood that this stimulus will provoke the response.

• Thorndike, E.L. (1911). Animal Intelligence. New York : MacMillan.[ http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/Animal/ ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: loi de l'exerciceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XMWPSL1H-J

law of useBT: law of exerciseOne of the two forms of the law of exercise formulated by psychologistEdward Thorndike (1913). The association between situation andresponse is enhanced when this association is used.

• Thorndike, E.L. (1913). Educational Psychology (Vol. 1) : The Original Nature ofMan. New York : Teachers College.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: loi de l'utilisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MB5WT537-4

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 79

LEARNING

learningBT: cognitionRT: · atypical protein kinase C

· episodic trace· pretesting effect· protein kinase C· test-potentiated new learning

NT: · associative learning· distributed learning· Hebb's rule· implicit learning· incidental learning· intentional learning· latent learning· learning curve· massed learning· non associative learning· perceptual learning· principle of desirable difficulties· reinforcement· self-directed learning· skill acquisition· social learning· transfer

Behavioral change as a function of experience.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: apprentissageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R9DC7TZN-9EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a7bb

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133500 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprentissage [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0012272 [MeSH]

learning curveBT: learningNT: · negative acceleration curve

· ogive learning curve· positive acceleration curve

Graphic representation of the evolution of learning as a result ofpractice.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe d'apprentissageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JCKZ7CC9-5EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courbe_d'apprentissage [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_curve [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0545926 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/learning_curve [SAGE]

letter number sequencingBT: methodologyRT: working memoryWorking memory test in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Series ofincreasing complexity combining letters anf digits are presented. Thesubject is required to remember them in alphabetic and numerical order.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: séquence lettres-chiffresURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QLT39WTP-5EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4c3e0a9576c3b

[Cognitive Atlas]

level-of-processing effectBT: memory biasRT: levels of processingBetter memory for deeply (semantically) encoded items compared tosuperficially encoded items.

• Craik, F. I. M. (2002). Levels of processing: Past, present... and future? Memory,10(5#6), 305#318. [ doi:10.1080/09658210244000135 ].

• Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A frameworkfor memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6),671#684. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X ].

• Giboin, A. (1979). Le principe des niveaux de traitement ou principede profondeur. L’année psychologique, 79(2), 623#655. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1979.28289 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du niveau de traitementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LP0GXJZ7-C

levels of processingBT: theoryRT: · coding

· elaborative rehearsal· episodic memory· level-of-processing effect· maintenance rehearsal· orienting task· self-reference effect

Theory proposed by Craik and Lockhart (1972) that the moreinformation processing is deep (i.e., semantic), the more memory tracesare durable and resistant to forgetting, compared with surperficial(perceptual) processing.

• Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework formemory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671–684. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X ].

• Craik, F.M.I., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of wordsin episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104(3), 268–294. [ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268 ].

• Giboin, A. (1979). Le principe des niveaux de traitementou principe de profondeur. L’année Psychologique, 79(2), 623–655. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1979.28289. http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/psy_0003-5033_1979_num_79_2_28289 ].

• Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versustransfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,16(5), 519–533. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80016-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: niveaux de traitementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W2S3KL49-LEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levels-of-processing_effect

[Wikipedia EN]

80 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

LIST-METHOD DIRECTED FORGETTING PARADIGM

lexical decision taskBT: methodologyRT: · indirect test of memory

· language· semantic memory

Deciding whether the sequence of letters presented is a word or anonword. Used especially in indirect tests of memory.

• Meyer, D. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1971). Facilitation in recognizing pairsof words: Evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations. Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 90(2), 227-234. [ doi:10.1037/h0031564 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de décision lexicaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZMTKXBRP-MEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_decision_task [Wikipedia

EN]

lexicality advantage

→ lexicality effect

lexicality effectSyn: lexicality advantageBT: memory biasRT: · serial recall task

· short-term memoryBetter serial recall of words than non-words in short-term memory.

• Gathercole, S. E., Pickering, S. J., Hall, M., & Peaker, S. M. (2001).Dissociable lexical and phonological influences on serial recognition andserial recall. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4(1), 1-30.[ doi:10.1080/02724980042000002 ].

• Hulme, C., Maughan, S., & Brown, G. D. A. (1991). Memory for familiarand unfamiliar words: Evidence for a long-term memory contribution to short-term memory span. Journal of Memory and Language, 30(6), 685-701.[ doi:10.1016/0749-596X(91)90032-F ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de lexicalitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LHS10SHF-W

life scriptSyn: cultural life scriptBT: autobiographical memoryRT: semantic memoryIn autobiographical memory, culturally-shared and prototypicalrepresentations of the temporal sequences of major life events.

• Berntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (2004). Cultural life scripts structure recall fromautobiographical memory. Memory & Cognition, 32(3), 427#442. [ doi:10.3758/BF03195836 ].

• Janssen, S., & Haque, S. (2015). Cultural life scripts in autobiographical memory.In E. Sheppard & S. Haque (Eds.), Culture and cognition : A collection of criticalessays (p. 27#44). Bern: Peter Lang.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: scénario de vieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R12N42BB-R

list composition effectSyn: mixed-list paradoxBT: memory biasIn free recall, term used to specify the fact that some empirical effects(for exemple, the generation effect or the bizzareness effect) aremodified according to the composition of the memory lists. These effectsemerge when lists are mixed (i.e., composed of experimental andcontrol items). When lists are pure (experimental and control items arepresented in different lists), the effects disappear or are reversed.

• McDaniel, M. A., & Bugg, J. M. (2013). Instability in memory phenomena: Acommon puzzle and a unifying explanation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,15(2), 237-255. [ doi:10.3758/PBR.15.2.237 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effets de la composition de la listeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M26SVGC2-S

list-length effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryAs the number of items in a list increases, the memory performancedecreases (i.e., the percentage of items correctly recalled decreases.)This effect occurs in free recall, cued recall and in recognition.

• Strong, E. K. J. (1912). The effect of length of series upon recognition memory.Psychological Review, 19(6), 447–462. [ doi:10.1037/h0069812 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de longueur de la listeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BV4M6KGZ-D

list-method directed forgetting paradigmBT: methodologyRT: directed forgettingMethod of studying directed forgetting. The experimenter presents afirst list of items to the subject. At the end of the presentation, heinforms the subject that he or she should remember or forget it. After thepresentation of a second list of items, the subject should try to rememberthe items from all the lists.

• Sahakyan, L., Delaney, P. F., Foster, N. L., & Abushanab, B. (2013). List-method directed forgetting in cognitive and clinical research: A theoreticaland methodological review. In B. H. Ross (Éd.), Psychology of Learning andMotivation (Vol. 59, p. 131#189). [ doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-407187-2.00004-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme d'oubli dirigé en méthode listeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D2ZKSNZR-L

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 81

LIST-STRENGTH EFFECT

list-strength effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryWhen increasing the strength of some items in a list (by presentingthem several times in the list or allowing to study them longer), theyare remembered more accurately than other elements. The increasein strength of some items can result in the deterioration of memory forunstrengthened items, especially in free recall tasks, which does notseem true for recognition tasks.

• Ratcliff, R., Clark, S. E., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1990). List-strength effect: I. Dataand discussion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, andCognition, 16(2), 163#178. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.2.163 ].

• Shiffrin, R. M., Ratcliff, R., & Clark, S. E. (1990). List-strength effect:II. Theoretical mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,Memory, and Cognition, 16(2), 179#195. [ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.16.2.179 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la force intra-listeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V6J7TG8R-R

listening spanBT: complex span taskRT: · verbal memory

· working memoryComplex span task. The subject has to verify an increasing series ofsentences presented orally by indicating whether they are true of falseor by answering to simple questions while memorizing the last word ofeach sentences. At the end of a series, s/he has to recall the targetwords.

• Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in workingmemory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19(4),450#466. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6 ].

• Salthouse, T. A., & Babcock, R. L. (1991). Decomposing adult agedifferences in working memory. Developmental Psychology, 27(5), 763#776.[ doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.5.763 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan d'écouteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N79GT7SP-N

living-in-history effectBT: memory biasIn people who have experienced historical changes (war, naturaldisaster, terrorist attacks..), tendency to date their autobiographicalmemories from autobiographical periods defined by the historicalevents.

• Brown, N. R., & Lee, P. J. (2010). Public events and the organizationof autobiographical memory: An overview of the living-in-history project.Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression, 2(2), 133–149.[ doi:10.1080/19434471003597431 ].

• Brown, N. R., Lee, P. J., Krslak, M., Conrad, F. G., G B Hansen, T., Havelka, J., &Reddon, J. R. (2009). Living in history: how war, terrorism, and natural disasteraffect the organization of autobiographical memory. Psychological Science,20(4), 399–405. [ doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02307.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet vivre dans l'histoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NB0RRMWD-J

local recognition taskBT: recognition taskRT: · global recognition task

· short-term memoryTask of recognizing an item as having been presented in a particularlist position.

• Oberauer, K. (2003). Understanding serial position curves in short-termrecognition and recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 49(4), 469#483.[ doi:10.1016/S0749-596X(03)00080-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reconnaissance localeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FVXLBVMP-8

locality constraintSyn: positional clusteringBT: transposition errorIn a serial recall task, tendency of transposition errors to cluster aroundthe correct positions of items.

• Hurlstone, M. J., Hitch, G. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2014). Memory for serial orderacross domains: An overview of the literature and directions for future research.Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 339–373. [ doi:10.1037/a0034221 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: contrainte localeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BV3PQXXH-Z

location memory

→ spatial memory

location updating effectSyn: doorway effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· forgettingWalking though doorways (actually or by imagination) can causeforgetting.

• Lawrence, Z., & Peterson, D. (2016). Mentally walking through doorways causesforgetting: The location updating effect and imagination. Memory, 24(1), 12-20.[ doi:10.1080/09658211.2014.980429 ].

• Pettijohn, K. A., & Radvansky, G. A. (2016). Walking through doorwayscauses forgetting: Environmental effects. Journal of Cognitive Psychology,28(3), 329#340. [ doi:10.1080/20445911.2015.1123712 ].

• Radvansky, G. A., & Copeland, D. E. (2006). Walking through doorways causesforgetting: Situation models and experienced space. Memory & cognition, 34(5),1150–1156. [ doi:10.3758/BF03193261 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la mise à jour de la localisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KZRKWJ7M-G

82 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

LONG-TERM RECENCY EFFECT

long-term depressionBT: · brain

· memoryRT: phosphataseReduction of synaptic efficacy between neurons caused by lowfrequency stimulation of neurons.

• Ito, M., & Kano, M. (1982). Long-lasting depression of parallel fiber-Purkinjecell transmission induced by conjunctive stimulation of parallel fibers andclimbing fibers in the cerebellar cortex. Neuroscience Letters, 33(3), 253#258.[ doi:10.1016/0304-3940(82)90380-9 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: dépression à long termeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G8M0RP77-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517140 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dépression_synaptique_à_long_terme [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_depression [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0411349 [MeSH]

long-term memorySyn: · delayed memory

· long-term retention· long-term storage· long-term store· permanent memory· remote memory· secondary memory

BT: storageRT: · brain-derived neurotrophic factor

· California Verbal Learning Test · consolidation· deferred imitation· medial prefrontal cortex· modal model of memory· pretesting effect· principle of desirable difficulties· protein kinase Mζ· Wechsler Memory Scale

NT: · declarative memory· long-term working memory· non declarative memory

Storage system with infinite capacity, theoretically unlimited, and inwhich information is held permanently.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire à long termeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J8FC45M1-6EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a833

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18601 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_à_long_terme [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_memory [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0018803 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0537934 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0543027 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/long-term_memory [SAGE]

long-term potentiationSyn: long-term synaptic potentiationBT: brainRT: · consolidation

· CREB factor· glutamate· protein kinase Mζ

Long-lasting increase in synapses efficiency (a few hours to severalweeks) after a series of high-frequency electrical stimulations.

• Bliss, T. V., & Lømo, T. (1973). Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmissionin the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of theperforant path. The Journal of Physiology, 232(2), 331#356. [ doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010274 ].

• Lømo, T. (1966). Frequency potentiation of excitatory synaptic activity in thedentate area of the hippocampal formation. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 68(Suppl 277), 128.

• Nicoll, R. A. (2017). A brief history of long-term potentiation. Neuron, 93(2),281#290. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.015 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: potentialisation à long termeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NG7QTM2N-0EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805481 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentialisation_à_long_terme[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_potentiation [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0026865 [MeSH]

long-term recency effectBT: recency effectRT: · continuous-distractor paradigm

· ratio ruleNT: changing distractor effectIn a delayed memory test, better retention of the recent events.

• Baddeley, A. D., Hitch, G. J., & Dornic,, S. (1977). Recency re-examined. InAttention and Performance VI (p. 647-667). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

• Bjork, R. A., & Whitten, W. B. (1974). Recency-sensitive retrievalprocesses in long-term free recall. Cognitive Psychology, 6(2), 173#189.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90009-7 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de récence à long termeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V8B5XMWW-1

long-term retention

→ long-term memory

long-term storage

→ long-term memory

long-term store

→ long-term memory

long-term synaptic potentiation

→ long-term potentiation

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 83

LONG-TERM WORKING MEMORY

long-term working memoryBT: · long-term memory

· working memoryWorking memory is generally considered as a temporary system forstoring and manipulating information with limited capacity. Ericssonand Kintsch (1995) proposed adding long-term working memory to thisshort-term working memory. It is conceived as part of long-term memory.It has no limited capacity, its content is retrievable directly, quickly andautomatically from cues in short term memory and is only involved infamiliar knowledge areas, expert subject skills (chess game, medicaldiagnosis, reading comprehension...).

• Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995). Long-term working memory. PsychologicalReview, 102(2), 211#245. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.211 ].

• Guida, A., Tardieu, H., & Nicolas, S. (2009). Mémoire de travail à long terme :quelle est l'utilité de ce concept ? Emergence, concurrence et bilan de la théoried'Ericsson et Kintsch (1995). L'Année Psychologique, 109(1), 83-122.

• Kintsch, W., Patel, V. L., & Ericsson, K. A. (1999). The role of long-term workingmemory in text comprehension. Psychologia, 42(4), 186–198.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire de travail à long termeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W0XK4FX2-9EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_de_travail_à_long_terme

[Wikipédia FR]

lost in the mall technique

→ lost in the mall paradigm

lost in the mall paradigmSyn: · false memory implantation technique

· lost in the mall techniqueBT: misinformation paradigmRT: · implanted false memory

· suggestibilityExperimental paradigm for implanting false memories of a fullautobiographical event. The technique takes its name from the firstexperiment of its kind, published by Loftus and Pickrell in 1995, duringwhich some participants eventually remember, wrongly, of having beenlost, as a child, in a mall.

• Loftus, E. F., & Pickrell, K. L. (1995). The formation of false memories.Psychiatric Annals, 25(12), 720-725.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme « Perdu dans une centre commercial »URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T5S0J7M3-VEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6684485 [Wikidata]

low elaborated reminiscence styleBT: reminiscence styleMothers adopting a low elaborated reminiscence style do not talk withtheir child about the past very much. When this is the case, the questionsare specific and redundant. They repeat a question when the child doesnot respond or change to another aspect of the event being discussed.Such talks do not lead to the construction of a coherent narrative aboutthe past.

• Fivush, R. (2009). Sociocultural perspectives on autobiographical memory. InM. L. Courage & N. Cowan (Eds.), The Development of Memory in Infancy andChildhood (p. 283-301). Hove : Psychology Press.

• Fivush, R. (2014). Maternal reminiscing style: The sociocultural construction ofautobiographical memory across childhood and adolescence. In P. J. Bauer & R.Fivish (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook on The Development of Children’s Memory(p. 568-585). New York : Wiley.

• Fivush, R., & Nelson, K. (2004). Culture and language in the emergence ofautobiographical memory. Psychological Science, 15(9), 573-577. [ doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00722.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: style de réminiscence faiblement élaboréURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q87XHW03-D

LPC waveSyn: late positive componentBT: event-related potentialsRT: · episodic memory

· old/new effect· recollection

Positive wave in the left parietal cortex appearing mainly between 400and 800 ms after a stimulus has been recognized by the subject.This component of event-related potentials is an indicator of consciousrecollection processes.

• Friedman, D., & Johnson, R. (2000). Event-related potential (ERP) studiesof memory encoding and retrieval: A selective review. Microscopy Researchand Technique, 51(1), 6#28. [ doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20001001)51:1<6::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-R ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: onde LPCURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S31WHW5G-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6495400 [Wikidata]

LSA

→ latent semantic analysis

lure

→ distractor

84 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

MEDIATION DEFICIENCY

MM-space

→ working memory

maintenance rehearsalSyn: type I processingBT: rehearsalRT: levels of processingIn levels of processing theory, type of rehearsal during which items areonly kept active in memory.

• Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A frameworkfor memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6),671-684. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: répétition de maintienURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G40JXQWQ-3

massed learningBT: learningRT: distributed practice effectType of learning without rest periods between trials.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage masséURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V1JCHDKR-0

medial limbic circuit

→ Papez circuit

medial prefrontal cortexBT: prefrontal cortexRT: · consolidation

· core recollection network· long-term memory· working memory

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: cortex préfrontal médianURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MZZPPXM0-S

medial temporal lobeBT: temporal lobeRT: topographical memory lossNT: · amygdala

· entorhinal cortex· hippocampus· parahippocampal cortex· perirhinal cortex

Temporal lobe structures that play an important role in the functioningof certain aspects of memory: the amygdala, the entorhinal cortex,the parahippocampal cortex, the perirhinal cortex, the hippocampus(Brewer & Moghekar, 2002.)

• Brewer, J. B., & Moghekar, A. (2002). Imaging the medial temporal lobe:Exploring new dimensions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(5), 217-223.[ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01881-8 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: lobe temporal médianURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D445NRM4-5

mediated primingBT: semantic primingType of semantic priming between words that are not directly associatedsemantically, but sharing an associate (eg, LION-STRIPES mediatorTIGER).

• Balota, D. A., & Lorch, R. F. (1986). Depth of automatic spreading activation:Mediated priming effects in pronunciation but not in lexical decision. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12(3), 336-345.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.12.3.336 ].

• De Groot, A. M. B. (1983). The range of automatic spreading activation inword priming. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(4), 417-436.[ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(83)90273-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage médiatiséURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DS278XGS-Q

mediation deficiencyBT: strategyFailure to use memory strategies to improve memory performance inyoung children.

• Paris, S. G. (1978). Coordination of means and goals in the development ofmnenomic skills. In P. A. Ornstein (Ed.), Memory development in children (p.259-273). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: déficience de médiationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H01MD19Q-9

Melton effect

→ lag effect

memorial capacity

→ memory capacity

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 85

MEMORY

memorySyn: · mnemonic function

· mnesic functionBT: cognitionRT: · Act-In model

· ATHENA model· atypical protein kinase C· functionalist theories of memory· fuzzy trace theory· global matching model· mental simulation· multiple trace model· protein kinase C· structural theories of memory

NT: · adaptive memory· associative memory· auditory memory· coding· collective memory· configural processing· cue· distinctiveness· false memory· forgetting· hypermnesia· long-term depression· memory bias· memory disorder· memory organization· metamemory· mnemicity· phyletic memory· reconstrutive memory· remembered utility· repisodic memory· retrieval· spatial memory· storage· strategy· subsequent memory effect· transfer-appropriate processing· verbal memory· visual memory· working memory

Generic term for information coding (acquisition), storage (preservation)and retrieval (remembering) processes.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P3PC7CZ3-DEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a891

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_(psychologie) [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0013346 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/memory[SAGE]

memory amplification effectBT: memory biasTendency for some people to evaluate an experience as more traumaticafter a delay than immediately after.

• Oulton, J. M., Takarangi, M. K. T., & Strange, D. (2016). Memory amplificationfor trauma : Investigating the role of analogue PTSD symptoms in the laboratory.Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 42, 60#70. [ doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.001 ].

• van Giezen, A. E., Arensman, E., Spinhoven, P., & Wolters, G. (2005).Consistency of memory for emotionally arousing events: A review of prospectiveand experimental studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(7), 935#953.[ doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.011 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'amplification mnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W2JHC3NS-4

memory biasBT: memoryNT: · animacy effect

· anti-reminiscence bump · articulatory suppression· asymmetry effect· attentional boost effect· Baker/baker paradox· bilateral field advantage· category size effect· choice blindness effect· choice-supportive memory· Clark Kent effect· cognitive triage effect· cognitive-context dependent memory· composite face effect· concreteness effect· contiguity effect· cue depreciation effect· delayed judgment of learning effect· distinctiveness effect· distributed practice effect· drawing effect· dud-alternative effect· enactment effect· exclusivity effect· fading affect bias· false-persistence effect· fan effect· fill-in effect· foresight bias· forget-it-along-effect· Fröhlich effect· Geiselman effect· generation effect· group-reference effect· grouping effect· hard-easy effect· humour effect· hypercorrection effect· illusory truth effect· intention superiority effect· inversion effect· irrelevant sound effect· irrelevant speech effect· lag-recency effect· language familiarity effect

86 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS QUESTIONNAIRE

· level-of-processing effect· lexicality effect· list composition effect· list-length effect· list-strength effect· living-in-history effect· location updating effect· memory amplification effect· mere exposure effect· mirror effect· misinformation effect· mnemic neglect· mnemonic time-travel effect· modality effect· modality effect in false memories· mood-congruent memory· mood-dependent memory· negative repetition effect· negativity bias· onset repulsion effect· overgeneral memory bias· own-group bias· permastore effect· phonological neighbourhood effect· phonological similarity effect· picture complexity effect· pictures superiority effect· positivity bias· prefix effect· pretesting effect· prime-task effect· production effect· prototype effect· pseudoword effect· Ranschburg effect· recollection without remembering· reminiscence bump· repetition effect· retro-cue effect· retrospection bias· sandwich effect· self-choice effect· self-reference effect· semantic proximity effect· semantic satiation· sentence superiority effect· serial order intrusion· serial position effect· simultaneous learning effect· size congruency effect· sleeper effect· source overdistribution· stability bias· survival effect· taboo word effect· target effect· telescoping effect· test expectancy effect· transposition error· true-false effect· tunnel memory· typicality effect· verbal overshadowing effect· weapon focus effect

· whole-part effect· word length effect· word-frequency effect· Zeigarnik effect· zombie effect

Preference for a processing type of information or for particularmemories.

• Schacter, D. L. (2003). Science de la mémoire. Oublier et se souvenir. Paris :Odile Jacob.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais mnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SNPS20VK-C

memory capacitySyn: · memorial capacity

· storage capacityBT: storageRT: · change detection paradigm

· missing scan task· span· working memory period paradigm

Number of elements or chunks of elements that memory (usally, short-term memory) can contain.

• Oberauer, K., Farrell, S., Jarrold, C., & Lewandowsky, S. (2016). Whatlimits working memory capacity? Psychological Bulletin, 142(7), 758#799.[ doi:10.1037/bul0000046 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: capacité de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KLMDB2PP-TEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56822799 [Wikidata]

Memory Characteristics QuestionnaireBT: questionnaireRT: autobiographical memoryQuestionnaire to assess the phenomenological characteristics ofautobiographical memory. Built from the reality monitoring theory, itwould distinguish memories of experienced events, which contain moresensory and contextual details, from memories of imagined events,which contain more elements referring to cognitive operations.

• Johnson, M. K., Foley, M. A., Suengas, A. G., & Raye, C. L. (1988). Phenomenalcharacteristics of memories for perceived and imagined autobiographicalevents. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117(4), 371-376.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.117.4.371 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: Memory Characteristics QuestionnaireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V038PKGZ-4

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 87

MEMORY COMPLAINT

memory complaintSyn: subjective memory impairmentBT: declarative metamemorySubjective assessment of our own memory problems.

• Archer, H. A., Newson, M. A., & Coulthard, E. J. (2015). Subjective memorycomplaints: Symptoms and outcome in different research settings. Journal ofAlzheimer’s Disease, 48(S1), S109#S114. [ doi:10.3233/JAD-150108 ].

• Derouesné, C., & Lacomblez, L. (2000). La plainte mnésique : épidémiologie etdémarche diagnostic. Presse Medicale, 29(15), 858#862.

• Perfect, T., Lindsay, D. S., Perfect, T. J., & Lindsay, D. . (2014). Memorycomplaints in adulthood and old age. In The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory(p. 423#443). 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP UnitedKingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd. [ doi:10.4135/9781446294703 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: plainte mnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W1LP7KG3-6

memory conformitySyn: social contagion of memoryBT: suggestibilityRT: · misinformation effect

· misinformation paradigm· misleading information

Mapping of memories by a person with those of another during adiscussion.

• Gabbert, F., & Hope, L. (2013). Suggestibility and memory conformity. In A.M. Ridley, F. Gabbert, & D. J. La Rooy (Eds.), Suggestibility In legal contexts:Psychological research and forensic implications (pp. 63–83). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

• Wright, D.B., Self, G., Justice, C. (2000). Memory conformity : Exploringmisinformation effects when presented by another person. British Journal ofPsychology, 91, 189-202.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: conformisme des souvenirsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LTHBCQG7-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815715 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_conformity [Wikipedia EN]

memory decay

→ trace decay

memory deficit

→ memory disorder

memory deterioration

→ memory disorder

memory disorderSyn: · memory deficit

· memory deterioration· memory impairment

BT: · cognitive disorder· memory

RT: · associative deficit· California Verbal Learning Test · cognitive reserve· cognitive slowing· environmental support hypothesis· HAROLD model· PASA Model· principle of mass action· Ribot's law

NT: · accelerated long-term memory· age-associated memory impairment· agnosia· Alzheimer's disease· amnesia· category-specific semantic deficit· confabulation· environmental reduplicative paramnesia· proper name anomia· semantic dementia· severely deficient autobiographical memory

PO: HumanDO: · Neurology

· PsychologyFR: trouble de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GNBK2L59-KEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072083 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouble_de_la_mémoire [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_disorder [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0013349 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0337127 [MeSH]

memory distortion

→ false memory

memory error

→ false memory

88 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

MEMORY STRENGTH

Memory Experiences QuestionaireBT: questionnaireRT: · autobiographical memory

· episodic memoryQuestionnaire to assess ten phenomenological properties of a memory:its vividness level (visual clarity and intensity), coherence (logicalstory in time and space), accessibility (easy access to the memory ),its temporal (clarity when the event described in the memory wasexperienced) and visual (perspective of the first or third person)perspective, level with which the sensory details are relived during theretrieval of the memory, its emotional intensity and valence, level ofdistancing (distance the subject takes with the experience describedin the memory) and sharing (sharing the experience described in thememory with other people).

• Sutin, A. R., & Robins, R. W. (2007). Phenomenology of autobiographicalmemories: The Memory Experiences Questionnaire. Memory, 15(4), 390-411.[ doi:10.1080/09658210701256654 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: Memory Experiences QuestionnaireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RC6SJMDW-R

memory foragingBT: · retrieval

· semantic memoryWay of retrieving concepts in semantic memory which would be similarto the way the animals are looking for food, according to an optimalforaging strategy. Thus, in a category fluency task (for example, findingin three minutes the largest possible number of animals), subjects firstwould explore a subset of animals (e.g., pets) until exhaustion, thenwould switch to another sub-category (e.g., savannah animals).

• Hills, T. T., Jones, M. N., & Todd, P. M. (2012). Optimal foraging in semanticmemory. Psychological Review, 119(2), 431-440. [ doi:10.1037/a0027373 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fourrageage mnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DTGSJ8FL-R

memory illusion

→ false memory

memory impairment

→ memory disorder

Memory Neostructural and Inter-systemic model

→ MNESIS model

memory operating characteristics

→ ROC curve

memory organizationBT: memoryGeneric term for the organization of information in memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: organisation de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HJ05DKHC-2

memory reconstruction

→ reconstrutive memory

memory retrieval

→ retrieval

memory search

→ retrieval

memory self-efficacyBT: declarative metamemorySubjective perception of the efficacy of our own memory in varioussituations.

• Hertzog, C., Hultsch, D. F., & Dixon, R. A. (1989). Evidence for the convergentvalidity of two self-report metamemory questionnaires. DevelopmentalPsychology, 25(5), 687-700. [ doi:10.1037/0012-1649.25.5.687 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: sentiment d'efficacité mnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZPVBGPM8-D

memory separation

→ pattern separation

memory strengthBT: storageRT: · familiarity

· recognition task· signal detection theory

NT: Jost's lawsA concept for which it is difficult to find a precise definition in theliterature, referring to the level of robustness and durability of memorytraces. In signal detection theory of recognition memory, familiarity ofitems is often synonymous with strength of memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: force du souvenirURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C25BH10L-T

memory trace

→ engram

mental chronometry

→ chronometry

mental image

→ mental imagery

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 89

MENTAL IMAGERY

mental imagerySyn: mental imageBT: cognitionRT: internal aidNT: · auditory imagery

· visual imageryMental and sensory representation (visual, auditory ...) of an event orobject that the subject has previously perceived or that it creates byhimself. Mental imagery can be used as a strategy to enhance memoryperformance.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: imagerie mentaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FFDHW6FD-FEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a8fc

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860959 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_mentale [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_image [Wikipedia EN]

mental lexiconBT: semantic memoryPhonological, orthographic, semantic, syntactic and morphologicalknowledge on words stored in semantic memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: lexique mentalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WRBXK1F6-TEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655170 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_lexicon [Wikipedia EN]

mental load

→ cognitive load

mental simulationBT: embodied cognitionRT: memoryAccording to the embodied cognition approach, applied to memory,remembering consists in mentally simulating the past event. Thissimulation reactivates the same sensorimotor brain regions activatedduring the event encoding.

• Ianì, F. (2019). Embodied memories : Reviewing the role of the body in memoryprocesses. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(6), 1747#1766. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01674-x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: simulation mentaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TJCGVV56-5

mental time travelBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: · chronesthesia

· episodic future thought· episodic memory· mnemonic time-travel effect

According to the psychologist Endel Tulving, property of the episodicmemory allowing to relive the past and to imagine the future.

• Corballis, M. C. (2019). Mental time travel, language, andevolution. Neuropsychologia, 134, 107202. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107202 ].

• Michaelian, K. (2016). Mental time travel: Episodic memory and our knowledgeof the personal past. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

• Wheeler, M. A., Stuss, D. T., & Tulving, E. (1997). Toward a theory of episodicmemory: the frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness. Psychological Bulletin,121(3), 331#354. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.331 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: voyage mental dans le tempsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BBT8K8S7-GEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_time_travel [Wikipedia EN]

mere exposure effectBT: memory biasRT: implicit memoryPreference for an unfamiliar stimulus which is the result of a priorpresentation of this stimulus, in particular when the stimulus ispresented in such a way the subject may not be aware of it.

• Zajonc, R. B. (2001). Mere exposure: A gateway to thesubliminal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 224-228.[ doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00154 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de simple expositionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZWH2JFBC-2EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153614 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_simple_exposition[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mere-exposure_effect [WikipediaEN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/mere_exposure_effect [SAGE]

90 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

METHODOLOGY

metamemoryBT: memoryNT: · declarative metamemory

· procedural metamemoryMetamemory is 1) the knowledge that a person has on memory ingeneral and especially her own memory and 2) the monitoring andcontrol processes during a memory task.

• Dunlosky, J., & Bjork, R. A. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of Metamemory andMemory. New York: Psychology Press.

• Dunlosky, J., & Tauber, S. (Eds.). (2016). The Oxford handbook of metamemory.New York: Oxford University Press.

• Flavell, J. H. (1971). First discussant’s comments: What is memorydevelopment the development of? Human Development, 14(4), 272#278.[ doi:10.1159/000271221 ].

• Le Berre, A.-P., Eustache, F., & Beaunieux, H. (2009). La métamémoire :théorie et clinique. Revue de neuropsychologie, 1(4), 312#320. [ doi:10.3917/rne.014.0312 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: métamémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RGFWPLNW-KEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b94f

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822984 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamemory [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000599742 [MeSH]

metamemory experience

→ procedural metamemory

metamemory knowledge

→ declarative metamemory

methodologyNT: · affective priming task

· ARC index· artificial grammar· autobiographical fluency task· backward conditioning · backward priming task· Brown-Peterson task· calibration· category repetition paradigm · chronometry· continuous reproduction task· cue-word method· cumulative recall function· deferred imitation· diary method· direct test of memory· distractor· distractor task· Don't remember/Don't know paradigm· double-function pairs· DRM paradigm· dual task paradigm· ecological assessment· episodic specificity induction· event-related potentials· false feedback method· focal prospective memory task· forward conditioning· functional independence

· fusion method· important memories method· indirect test of memory· interresponse time· interview· involuntary memory diary method · item-method directed forgetting paradigm· letter number sequencing· lexical decision task· list-method directed forgetting paradigm· mirror learning· misinformation paradigm· misleading information· missing scan task· n-back task· naming task· neuropsychological test· non-focal prospective memory task· nonsense syllabes· nonword repetition task· optogenetics· orienting task· paired-associates learning task· partial report task· phonemic verbal fluency test· prime· process dissociation procedure· pupillometry· questionnaire· R/K paradigm· random generation task· retention interval· rumor mongering paradigm· SAT function· saving method· second-order conditioning· Self-Ordered Pointing Test· semantic differential· semantic verbal fluency test· sentence verification task· serial order reconstruction task· signal detection theory· simultaneous conditioning· span· spin list· stimulus-onset asynchrony· stochastic independence· Stroop test· targeted memory reactivation· think/not think paradigm· thought substitution method· verbal association task· violation of expectation paradigm· visual paired-comparison paradigm· working memory period paradigm

DO: MultidisciplinaryFR: méthodologieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BZBRK6X8-1EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Méthodologie [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodology [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/methodology [SAGE]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 91

MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

mild cognitive impairmentBT: cognitive disorderNT: amnestic mild cognitive impairmentCognitive and memory difficulties more severe than those encounteredduring normal aging, but without reaching dementia and withoutinterfering with daily life. People with mild cognitive impairment are athigher risk for developing a dementia of Alzheimer type.

• Ragueneau-Le Ny, M., & Medjahed, S. (2009). Évolution du concept de mildcognitive impairment. NPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie - Gériatrie, 9(49), 11-16.[ doi:10.1016/j.npg.2008.04.006 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: déficit cognitif légerURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M7RWCXWH-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472703 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouble_cognitif_léger [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_cognitive_impairment[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0555582 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/mild_cognitive_impairment [SAGE]

MINERVA 2BT: · global matching model

· multiple trace modelRT: · ATHENA model

· ecphory· episodic memory

Simulation model of episodic memory designed by psychologistDouglas Hintzmann (Hintzmann 1984, 1986, 1988). Memory iscomposed of only episodic traces, from which abstract concepts arederived. Episodic memory and semantic memory are therefore part ofthe same system.

• Hintzman, D. L. (1984). MINERVA 2: A simulation model of human memory.Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 16(2), 96–101.

• Hintzman, D. L. (1986). « Schema abstraction » in a multiple-trace model.Psychological Review, 93(4), 411-428.

• Hintzman, D. L. (1988). Judgments of frequency and recognition memory in amultiple-trace memory model. Psychological review, 95(4), 528.

• Tiberghien, G. (1997). La Mémoire oubliée. Liège: Mardaga. (voir pages 145-149pour une présentation détaillée en français de MINERVA 2).

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: MINERVA2URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J5MM9009-6

mirror effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· recognition task· word frequency· word-frequency effect

NT: strength-based mirror effectIn a recognition task, a mirror effect is detected when hits are higherand false alarms are lower for a class of stimuli compared to a secondclass of stimuli.

• Glanzer, M., & Adams, J. K. (1985). The mirror effect in recognition memory.Memory & Cognition, 13(1), 8#20. [ doi:10.3758/BF03198438 ].

• Glanzer, M., & Adams, J. K. (1990). The mirror effect in recognition memory:data and theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, andCognition, 16(1), 5-16. [ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.16.1.5 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet miroirURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XDT8FJWP-K

mirror learningBT: methodologyRT: · implicit memory

· skill acquisitionTask during which the subject learns the skill to read mirror words.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de lecture en miroirURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RFXT7DNQ-V

misinformation effectSyn: post-event information effectBT: memory biasRT: · false feedback method

· implanted false memory· induced false memory· memory conformity· misinformation paradigm· misleading information· rumor mongering paradigm

Integration into memory of erroneous information suggested after theevent. The propensity of misleading suggestions to contaminate thememory depends on personal and situational factors.

• Loftus, E. F. (2005). Planting misinformation in the human mind: A 30-yearinvestigation of the malleability of memory. Learning & Memory, 12(4), 361–366.[ doi:10.1101/lm.94705 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet des informations trompeusesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J4PVMSMT-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401274 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_désinformation [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation_effect [WikipediaEN]

92 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

MNEMICITY

misinformation paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · memory conformity

· misinformation effect· misleading information· suggestibility

NT: · crashing memories paradigm· false feedback paradigm· forced confabulation paradigm· lost in the mall paradigm

Experimental paradigm to study the formation of false memoriessuggested by misleading information. The procedure is carried out inthree phases. 1. The subjects are first exposed to an event. 2. They arethen given incorrect information about this event. 3. The subjects mustthen remember the original event. The crucial element is whether theywill incorporate the misleading information suggested to them into theirmemories.

• Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978). Semantic integration of verbalinformation into a visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology. HumanLearning and Memory, 4(1), 19#31. [ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.4.1.19 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme des informations trompeusesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BWV6KKB6-P

misleading informationSyn: post-event informationBT: methodologyRT: · false feedback method

· implanted false memory· induced false memory· memory conformity· misinformation effect· misinformation paradigm· rumor mongering paradigm· suggestibility

False information about an event.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: information trompeuseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J9P6J5TJ-S

missing scan taskBT: methodologyRT: · memory capacity

· short-term memoryMethod for measuring the storage capacity of short-term memory,which would be independent of the effects of the retrieval processes(recognition or recall). The experimenter shows series of digits (inrandom order), and after each series, the subject must indicate themissing digit.

• Buschke, H. (1963a). Relative retention in immediate memorydetermined by the Missing Scan Method. Nature, 200(4911), 1129–1130.[ doi:10.1038/2001129b0 ].

• Buschke, H. (1963b). Retention in immediate memory estimated withoutretrieval. Science, 140(3562), 56–57. [ doi:10.1126/science.140.3562.56 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de recherche de l'item manquantURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HKHC8DBX-4

mixed-list paradox

→ list composition effect

MMFR procedureSyn: Modified Modified Free RecallBT: modified free recall procédureRT: retroactive interferenceSubjects must learn first a list of pairs A-B. They then study a list of pairsA-C. After which they are presented stimulus A and they must rememberboth stimuli B and C in any order. The more A-C list is mastered, theless the B items will be recalled and the more C items will be recalled(Barnes and Underwood, 1959). This procedure is meant to eliminatecompetition between the responses B and C at the time of the recall.

• Barnes, J. M., & Underwood, B. J. (1959). “Fate” of first-list associationsin transfer theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(2), 97–105.[ doi:10.1037/h0047507 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: procédure MMFRURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C9HCXG83-2

mneme

→ engram

mnemic neglectBT: memory biasRT: forgettingA tendency to forget negative feedback about oneself more frequentlythan positive or neutral feedback. Mnemic neglect would be a way ofprotecting and preserving one's self-image.

• Sedikides, C., & Green, J. D. (2004). What I don’t recall can’t hurt me: Informationnegativity versus information inconsistency as determinants of memorial self-defense. Social Cognition, 22(1), 4–29. [ doi:10.1521/soco.22.1.4.30987 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: négligence mnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K6N89RBW-NEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6885879 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemic_neglect [Wikipedia EN]

mnemicityBT: memoryCriteria specific to remembering that distinguish it from imagination.

• Michaelian, K. & Sutton, J. (2017). Memory. Stanford Encyclopedia ofPhilosophy. [ https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2017/entries/memory/ ].

PO: HumanDO: PhilosophyFR: mnémicitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N32KDCLV-N

mnemonic function

→ memory

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 93

MNEMONIC SIMILARITY TASK

mnemonic similarity taskBT: recognition taskRT: · dentate gyrus

· hippocampus· incidental learning· pattern separation

Recognition task used as a method for studying hippocampal patternseparation processes. Subjects encode a series of visual stimuli in anincidental manner. The items presented during the recognition test areof three types: 1) items identical to those presented during the encodingphase (old items); 2) completely new items; 3) visually similar itemsto encoded items. During the surprise recognition test, subjects mustindicate whether each item presented is old, new or similar.

• Stark, S. M., Kirwan, C. B., & Stark, C. E. L. (in press). Mnemonic similaritytask : A tool for assessing hippocampal integrity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.[ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.08.003 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de similarité mnésiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K8BKRRGB-Q

mnemonic time-travel effectBT: memory biasRT: · embodied cognition

· episodic memory· mental time travel

Inducing a mental time-travel by a backward motion (real motion of thesubject, optical flow or by imagination) improves episodic memory fordifferent kinds of information, compared to a forward movement or nomovement.

• Aksentijevic, A., Brandt, K. R., Tsakanikos, E., & Thorpe, M. J. A. (2019). Ittakes me back: The mnemonic time-travel effect. Cognition, 182, 242#250.[ doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.007 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du voyage mnésique dans le tempsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TCJTKP1M-T

mnemonic trace

→ engram

mnesic function

→ memory

MNESIS modelSyn: Memory Neostructural and Inter-systemic modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · episodic memory

· procedural memory· semantic memory· working memory

Integrative model of memory, specifying the relations between differentmemory systems: procedural memory, semantic memory, episodicmemory, perceptual memory and working memory (according toBaddeley's model).

• Eustache, F., & Desgranges, B. (2008). MNESIS: Towards the integration ofcurrent multisystem models of memory. Neuropsychology Review, 18(1), 53-69.[ doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9052-3 ].

• Eustache, F., Viard, A., & Desgranges, B. (2016). The MNESIS model: Memorysystems and processes, identity and future thinking. Neuropsychologia, 87,96#109. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.006 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle MNESISURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JPNM07C9-T

mobile conjugate reinforcementBT: recognition taskRT: · episodic memory

· operant conditioningOperant learning technique for the study of memory development ininfants from 2 to 6 months. A ribbon is attached to one of the baby's feet.His/her kicks do not allow to move a mobile placed above the cradle(stage to assess the baseline level of foot movements). The other endof the ribbon is then attached so that the kicks given by the child areshaking the mobile (acquisition phase). After a retention interval, theribbon is again attached to the baby's ankle, but its kicking do not movethe mobile (the mobile can be the same as that used during the phaseof acquisition or different). If during this test, kicks outnumber the kicksobseved in the baseline level condition, the researcher infers that thebaby recognized the mobile. If no difference is found between these twophases, the mobile is not recognized.

• Rovee, C. K., & Rovee, D. T. (1969). Conjugate reinforcement of infantexploratory behavior. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 8(1), 33-39.[ doi:10.1016/0022-0965(69)90025-3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: technique du renforcement conjuguéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ND9PB3B3-K

MOC function

→ ROC curve

94 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

MODIFIED FREE RECALL PROCÉDURE

modal model of memorySyn: Atkinson and Shiffrin's modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · long-term memory

· sensory memory· short-term memory

Model of the structure and control processes of memory (Atkinson& Shiffrin, 1968). The information first enters the sensory register.Selected information is then transfered to the short-term store, whosecapacity is limited. It is temporarily stored for several seconds. It maybe kept longer if a mental rehearsal mechanism is engaged. Informationis then transfered in the long term store, and the latter can transferinformation in the short-term store.

• Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed systemand its conrtol processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.), The Psychologyof Learning and Motivation (Vol. 2, p. 89-195). New York: AcademicPress.Traduit dans Nicolas, S., & Piolino, M. P. (2010). Anthologie de psychologiecognitive de la mémoire: Fonctionnalisme et structuralisme. Bruxelles: De BoeckSupérieur.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle modal de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DWQ32RZC-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4815941 [Wikidata]

modal representationBT: semantic memoryRT: embodied cognitionIdea that conceptual representations are based on perceptual and motorproperties.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: représentation modaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BLZGR3RV-1

modality effectBT: memory biasRT: · recall task

· recency effect· short-term memory

In an immediate recall test, better memory performance for an auditorypresentation of items compared to a visual presentation, especially forthe items at the end of the list (recency effect).

• Corballis, M. C. (1966). Rehearsal and decay in immediate recall of visually andaurally presented items. Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue canadienne depsychologie, 20(1), 43. [ doi:10.1037/h0082923 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de modalité (rappel)URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BSGC0R9H-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888033 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modality_effect [Wikipedia EN]

modality effect in false memoriesBT: memory biasRT: DRM paradigmIn the DRM paradigm, the production of false memories is reduced whenstimuli are presented visually rather than aurally.

• Smith, R. E., & Hunt, R. R. (1998). Presentation modality affects false memory.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5(4), 710#715. [ doi:10.3758/BF03208850 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de modalité (faux souvenirs)URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S0TLBK5L-Q

modality taggingBT: codingThe process of assigning an item to the sensory modality in which it waspresented.

• Hintzman, D. L., Block, R. A., & Summers, J. J. (1973). Modality tags andmemory for repetitions: Locus of the spacing effect. Journal of Verbal Learningand Verbal Behavior, 12(2), 229-238. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(73)80013-1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: marquage de la modalitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QM848B20-4

modelBT: theoryNT: · computational model

· non-computational modelDO: MultidisciplinaryFR: modèleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XJKPHB5X-MEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193946 [Wikidata]

modified free recall procédureBT: free recall taskRT: retroactive interferenceNT: MMFR procedureStudy method of retroactive interference. The subjects memorize a firstlist of A-B pairs, and the first member of each pair is used a cue toretrieve the response associated with it. They then memorize a secondlist of pairs of stimulus A-C, wherein the same cues as in the firstlist are associated with different responses. At the time of testing, theexperimenter presents the cues and subjects must recall the first answerthat comes to mind (which may be B, C or intrusion).

• Underwood, B. J. (1948). « Spontaneous recovery » of verbal associations.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38(4), 429-439. [ doi:10.1037/h0059565 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: procédure de rappel libre modifiéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W61JMPHD-L

Modified Modified Free Recall

→ MMFR procedure

mood congruence effect

→ mood-congruent memory

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 95

MOOD-CONGRUENT MEMORY

mood congruency effect

→ mood-congruent memory

mood-congruent memorySyn: · mood congruence effect

· mood congruency effectBT: memory biasRT: emotionSelective retrieval of memories that have the same affective tone thatthe current mood.

• Blaney, P. H. (1986). Affect and memory: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 99(2),229-246. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.2.229 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire congruente avec l'humeurURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NMPJRDHN-7

mood-dependent memoryBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryRecall of memories that were encoded in the same emotional context(positive, negative or neutral) as that present at the time of retrieval.

• Eich, E., Macaulay, D., & Ryan, L. (1994). Mood dependent memory for eventsof the personal past. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123(2),201-215.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire dépendante de l'humeurURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T6G0NB10-6EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6907073 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood-dependent_memory[Wikipedia EN]

morphological primingBT: primingFacilitation of the processing of a word by the prior presentation ofanother word that is morphologically related.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage morphologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G4DLBK9R-M

motivated forgettingBT: forgettingRT: · think/not think paradigm

· thought substitution methodNT: · directed forgetting

· suppression-induced forgettingGeneric term for intentional or non-accidental forgetting with the subjectnot being necessarily conscious of it.

• Anderson, M. C. (2009). Motivated forgetting. In A. D. Baddeley, M. W. Eysenck,& M. C. Anderson (Eds.), Memory (pp. 217–244). Hove: Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli motivéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QXL9L0F4-PEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917862 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivated_forgetting [Wikipedia EN]

movement spanBT: simple spanMovement span is estimated by asking the subject to repeat movementsequences of increasing length performed by the experimenter. Themovement span is the longest sequence that the subject is able toreproduce immediately.

• Smyth, M. M., Pearson, N. A., & Pendleton, L. R. (1988). Movement and workingmemory: patterns and positions in space. The Quarterly Journal of ExperimentalPsychology Section A, 40(3), 497#514. [ doi:10.1080/02724988843000041 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan de mouvementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CD6HKZZD-C

MT+ areaBT: brainRegion of the brain located in the inferior temporal sulcus, involved inthe perception and memory of movements. It is composed of the sub-region MT (middle temporal area), involved in the processing of motionin the contralateral visual field, and the subregion MST (medial superiortemporal area), involved in the processing of motion in the contralateraland ipsilateral fields.

• Huk, A. C., Dougherty, R. F., & Heeger, D. J. (2002). Retinotopy and functionalsubdivision of human areas MT and MST. The Journal of Neuroscience:The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 22(16), 7195–7205.[ doi:20026661 ].

• Watson, J. D. G., Myers, R., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Hajnal, J. V., Woods, R. P.,Mazziotta, J. C., … Zeki, S. (1993). Area V5 of the Human Brain: Evidence from acombined study using Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic ResonanceImaging. Cerebral Cortex, 3(2), 79–94. [ doi:10.1093/cercor/3.2.79 ].

PO: HumanFR: aire MT+URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DQVDH2BN-M

multicomponent working memory model

→ Baddeley's model

multidimensional face space modelBT: computational modelRT: face memoryModel developed by Tim Valentine and collaborators describing howwould faces be stored in memory. Each face is represented by avalue on dimensions describing different aspects of a face. Typicalfaces are concentrated in space and closest to the intersections ofthe axes. Distinctive faces are more distant and isolated. This wouldexplain why the latter are better recognized than the former. Thereare actually two versions of the model: the exemplar model (faces arerepresented independently of a norm) and the prototype model (facesare represented as deviations from a prototype).

• Valentine, T., & Endo, M. (1992). Towards an Exemplar Modelof Face Processing: The Effects of Race and Distinctiveness. TheQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 44(4), 671#703.[ doi:10.1080/14640749208401305 ].

• Valentine, T., Lewis, M. B., & Hills, P. J. (2016). Face-space: A unifying conceptin face recognition research. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,69(10), 1996#2019. [ doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.990392 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle de l'espace multidimensionnel des visagesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZZQH7LV3-Q

96 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

MULTITRIAL FREE RECALL

multiple memory systems theories

→ structural theories of memory

multiple trace modelBT: computational modelRT: memoryNT: · ATHENA model

· MINERVA 2Computational models of memory in which each encoded item will leavea unique trace in memory.

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: modèle à traces multiplesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B2VBR640-C

multitrial free recallBT: free recall taskRT: subjective organizationThe subject first studies a list of words and is then asked to rememberthem in the order they want. The procedure is repeated several times,the order of word presentation in the list is different from one trial toanother.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: rappel libre à essais multiplesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KHJ4FZQ3-L

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 97

N-BACK TASK

Nn-back taskBT: methodologyRT: · central executive

· working memory updatingSuccessive stimuli are presented and the subject has to respond whena stimulus has been presented n trials before.

• Kirchner, W. K. (1958). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidlychanging information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55(4), 352-358.[ doi:10.1037/h0043688 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche n-backURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZC2P7ZSV-6EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/tsk_4a57abb949bcd

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306942 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-back [Wikipedia EN]

naming taskBT: methodologyRT: indirect test of memoryVerbally designate a word or an image. Used especially in indirect testsof memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de dénominationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MBTNZLRQ-4

near transferBT: transferTransfer of knowledge or skills acquired during a task to a new task thatshares many common features with the first.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: transfert procheURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QC5VSKJV-H

negation-induced forgettingBT: incidental forgettingRT: episodic memoryAnswer questions by rightly denying incorrect facts about an item (forexample, after seeing a blue carpet, answer No to the question "Wasthe carpet yellow? ") increases the risk of forgetting this item comparedto answering yes to questions about exact facts about this item (answerYes to the question "Was the carpet blue?")

• Mayo, R., Schul, Y., & Rosenthal, M. (2014). If you negate, you may forget:Negated repetitions impair memory compared with affirmative repetitions.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(4), 1541-1552. [ doi:10.1037/a0036122 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli induit par la négationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FPGRS2KW-V

negative acceleration curveBT: learning curveType of learning curve showing that learning is rapid at first and thengradually slows to reach a stage where no more progress is observed(asymptote).

• Bills, A. G. (1934). General experimental psychology. New York:Longmans, Green and co. Consulté à l’adresse [ http://archive.org/details/generalexperimen00bill ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe d'accélération négativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PNZWZRVK-K

negative primingBT: primingReaction time slowing when a response is required to a stimulus thatthe subject was asked to ignore in an earlier phase of the experiment.

• Mayr, S., & Buchner, A. (2007). Negative priming as a memory phenomenon:A review of 20 years of negative priming research. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 215(1), 35–51. [ doi:10.1027/0044-3409.215.1.35 ].

• Tipper, S. P. (1985). The negative priming effect: Inhibitory priming by ignoredobjects. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 37(4),571#590. [ doi:10.1080/14640748508400920 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage négatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F1PMQZ2Z-SEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_5521a7a1376ed

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6987242 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_priming [Wikipedia EN]

negative recency effectBT: recency effectSeveral lists are presented to the subjects. At the end of each list, animmediate recall test is performed. There is a recency effect for eachindividual list. However, when at the end of the experiment a recall testcovers all the items of all lists, the items in the terminal positions in eachlist are harder to recall: it is the negative recency effect (Craik, 1970).

• Craik, F. I. M. (1970). The fate of primary memory items in free recall.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9(2), 143–148. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80042-1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de récence négatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RM1L7MV6-5

negative repetition effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryIn some conditions, lower recall of a repeated item compared to a nonrepeated item.

• Mulligan, N. W., & Peterson, D. J. (2013). The negative repetition effect.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(5),1403-1416. [ doi:10.1037/a0031789 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet négatif de la répétitionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P7WKFD46-7

98 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

NEUROTRANSMITTER

negative subsequent memory effectSyn: · nSM

· reversed subsequent memory effect· subsequent forgetting effect

BT: subsequent memory effectGreater activation in a brain region during the encoding of a stimuluswhich will be later forgotten (and lower activation of a brain region duringthe encoding of a stimulus which will be later remembered)

• Kim, H. (2011). Neural activity that predicts subsequent memory andforgetting: A meta-analysis of 74 fMRI studies. NeuroImage, 54(3), 2446-2461.[ doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.045 ].

• Otten, L. J., & Rugg, M. D. (2001). When more means less: neural activityrelated to unsuccessful memory encoding. Current Biology, 11(19), 1528–1530.[ doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00454-7 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: effet de la mémoire subséquente négatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RN0GL886-1

negative transferBT: transferRT: positive transferNegative transfer occurs when a first learning impairs a second learning.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: transfert négatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KQSLWCN0-6EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6987274 [Wikidata]

negativity biasSyn: negativity effectBT: memory biasRT: · emotion valence

· episodic memory· positivity bias

Tendency, observed particularly among young adults, to pay moreattention to negative events and remember them preferentially.

• Kensinger, E. A., Garoff-Eaton, R. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2006). Memory forspecific visual details can be enhanced by negative arousing content. Journal ofMemory and Language, 54(1), 99#112. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2005.05.005 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais de négativitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TPPNZQFX-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16254302 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negativity_bias [Wikipedia EN]

negativity effect

→ negativity bias

neoconnectionism

→ connectionism

neural network

→ connectionism

neurogenic hypthothesisBT: theoryRT: infantile amnesiaHypothesis made by Josselyn and Frankland (2012) to explain infantileamnesia. The hippocampus of infants (human, non-human primatesand rodents) experienced high neurogenesis that would cause areplacement of existing synaptic connections in memory circuits.Therefore, this high neurogenesis is accompanied by an inability to formstable long-term memories. When the level neurogenesis decreases,the formation of long-term memories becomes possible.

• Josselyn, S. A., & Frankland, P. W. (2012). Infantile amnesia: A neurogenichypothesis. Learning & Memory, 19(9), 423-433. [ doi:10.1101/lm.021311.110 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: hypothèse de la neurogénèseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T41CSTSG-0

neurogram

→ engram

neuropsychological assessment

→ neuropsychological test

neuropsychological testSyn: · neuropsychological assessment

· neuropsychological testingBT: methodologyNT: · Autobiographical Memory Test

· California Verbal Learning Test · Trail Making Test· Wechsler Memory Scale· Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

PO: HumanFR: test neuropsychologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W1ZLMWDL-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3818443 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_neuropsychologique [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropsychological_test [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0014759 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/neuropsychological_assessment [SAGE]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/neuropsychological_tests [SAGE]

neuropsychological testing

→ neuropsychological test

neurotransmitterBT: biological factorNT: · acetylcholine

· glutamatePO: · Animal

· HumanFR: neurotransmetteurURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QC6M3NL9-PEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmetteur [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0014762 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0027603 [MeSH]

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NEUROTROPHIN

neurotrophinBT: biological factorNT: brain-derived neurotrophic factorFR: neurotrophineURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FQGW05DR-TEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420457 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotrophine [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotrophin [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0014655 [MeSH]

NICHD protocolBT: interviewRT: autobiographical memoryStructured investigative interview protocol guiding the investigatorduring a legal interview with a child victim. The protocol is mainly basedon the use of open-ended questions.

• Cyr, M. (2014). Recueillir la parole de l’enfant témoin ou victime - De la théorieà la pratique. Paris: Dunod.

• Cyr, M., & Dion, J. (2006). Quand des guides d’entrevue servent à protéger lamémoire des enfants : l’exemple du protocole NICHD. Revue Québécoise dePsychologie, 27(3), 157-175.

• Lamb, M.E., Hershkowitz, I., Orbach, Y., & Esplin, P.W. (2008). Tell me whathappened : Structured investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses.Chichester : John Wiley & Sons.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: protocole du NICHDURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TW7V3RP3-L

nodeBT: cognitionRT: semantic networkIn a semantic network, a node corresponds to a concept.

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: nœudURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KD7XV1JK-L

noetic consciousnessBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: · R/K paradigm

· semantic memoryAccording to Tulving, a level of consciousness associated with semanticmemory, occuring as the simple awareness of knowledge about theworld, based on a sense of familiarity.

• Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 26(1), 1-12.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: conscience noétiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MZJXHVN9-NEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4ffdc96dc85b7

[Cognitive Atlas]

non associative learningBT: learningNT: · dishabituation

· habituation· sensitization

Generic term used for any kind of learning resulting in an increase ofdisappearance of a response to a repeated stimulus.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage non associatifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C2J3RXTZ-H

non declarative memoryBT: long-term memoryRT: · implicit memory

· primingNT: · classical conditioning

· dishabituation· habituation· operant conditioning· perceptual representation system· procedural memory· sensitization

Memory system proposed by Squire including skills (perceptual, motor,cognitive) and habits, priming, simple classical conditionings, andnonassociative learning.

• Squire, L. R. (1992). Declarative and nondeclarative memory: Multiple brainsystems supporting learning and memory. Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal of,4(3), 232–243.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire non déclarativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XVPBQZQV-M

non-computational modelBT: modelNT: · Act-In model

· Baddeley's model· BIC model· CARFAX model· dual-process models of recognition memory· embedded-processes model· HAROLD model· HERA model· MNESIS model· modal model of memory· PASA Model· self-memory model· self-memory system· sensory recruitment· SPI model· supervisory attentional system

DO: MultidisciplinaryFR: modèle non computationnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QN84V90N-V

non-existent news-footage paradigm

→ crashing memories paradigm

100 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

NUMERICAL JUDGMENT OF RECENCY

non-focal prospective memory taskBT: methodologyRT: prospective memoryProspective memory task in which the attention is not directed to theevent that one will need to remember.

• Einstein, G. O., & McDaniel, M. A. (2005). Prospective memory: Multiple retrievalprocesses. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(6), 286-290.[ doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00382.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de mémoire prospective non focaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QKNBFKQQ-R

nonbelieved memoryBT: autobiographical memoryRT: anti-reminiscence bump Vivid autobiographical memory the veracity of which is questioned bythe subject.

• Mazzoni, G., Scoboria, A., & Harvey, L. (2010). Nonbelieved Memories.Psychological Science, 21(9), 1334 -1340. [ doi:10.1177/0956797610379865 ].

• Otgaar, H., Scoboria, A., & Mazzoni, G. (2014). On the existence andimplications of nonbelieved memories. Current Directions in PsychologicalScience, 23(5), 349-354. [ doi:10.1177/0963721414542102 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: souvenir contestéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VWG96TP1-F

nonsense syllabesBT: methodologySyllables (consonant-vowel-consonant) having no meaning, used forthe first time by Ebbinghaus in memory tests (1885) to study howmemory operates when it is not contaminated by the meaning of thematerial.

• Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). La Mémoire : Recherches de PsychologieExperimentale. Paris: L’Harmattan

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: syllabes sans significationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LKF7PKB0-6

nonword repetition taskBT: methodologyRT: phonological loopMethod for studying the phonological loop. Subjects listened tononwords and try to repeat them orally. In children, performance in thistask is correlated with vocabulary level and would be a good predictorof language acquisition.

• Gathercole, S. E., & Baddeley, A. D. (1989). Evaluation of the roleof phonological STM in the development of vocabulary in children: Alongitudinal study. Journal of Memory and Language, 28(2), 200-213.[ doi:10.1016/0749-596X(89)90044-2 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de répétition de non motsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TMQL9CCL-REQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4da88b17b985b

[Cognitive Atlas]

Now Print! mechanismBT: flashbulb memoryHypothetical mechanism whereby the context of a surprising andpersonally significant emotional event would be stored automatically, indetail and with precision, producing a flash memory.

• Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5(1), 73#99.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X ].

• Livingston, R. B. (1967). Brain circuitry relating to complex behavior. In G. C.Quarton, T. O. Melnechuk, & F. O. Schmitt (Eds.), The neurosciences: A studyprogram (pp. 105–109). New York: Rockefeller University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mécanisme de l'« empreinte du moment »URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CR164TX7-V

nSM

→ negative subsequent memory effect

numerical judgment of recencyBT: episodic memoryJudgment of the number of presented items since the occurence of atarget item.

• Hintzman, D. L. (2004). Time versus items in judgment of recency. Memory &cognition, 32(8), 1298–1304. [ doi:10.3758/BF03206320 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: jugement de récence numériqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-STXKZNJ5-F

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OBSERVER POINT OF VIEW

Ooblivion

→ forgetting

observer memory

→ observer point of view

observer point of viewSyn: · observer memory

· third-person perspectiveBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: · autobiographical memory

· visual imageryExpression used when a person sees himself in the visual image of anautobiographical memory.

• Nigro, G., & Neisser, U. (1983). Point of view in personal memories. CognitivePsychology, 15(4), 467–482. [ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(83)90016-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: point de vue de l'observateurURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RJ25Q3RF-S

ogive learning curveSyn: · S shape learning curve

· sigmoid learning curveBT: learning curveType of learning curve indicating that learning starts slowly, thenaccelerates before stabilizing.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe d'apprentissage en ogiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PHZJ1K5P-2

old/new effectBT: brainRT: · event-related potentials

· FN400 wave· LPC wave

Greater amplitude in FN400 and LPC components of event-relatedpotentials when a stimulus is recognized.

• Friedman, D., & Johnson, R. (2000). Event-related potential (ERP) studiesof memory encoding and retrieval: A selective review. Microscopy Researchand Technique, 51(1), 6#28. [ doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20001001)51:1<6::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-R ].

• Gonthier, C., & Hot, P. (2013). Apports de l’électroencéphalographie à lacompréhension de la mémoire. Revue de neuropsychologie, 5(4), 243#254.[ doi:10.1684/nrp.2013.0280 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: effet ancien/nouveauURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KFPL5JD1-1

omission errorBT: forgettingIn a memory test, error of non recalling items presented during the studyphase.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: erreur d'omissionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XF72XKL5-C

one-list-back paradigmBT: recall taskRT: episodic memorySubjects studied lists of 5 or 20 words. After each list (except for the firstlist), they must remember the words of the previous list (for example,after studying list 3, recall of list 2).

• Shiffrin, R. M. (1970). Forgetting; Trace erosion or retrieval failure? Science,168(3939), 1601#1603. [ doi:10.1126/science.168.3939.1601 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme « One-list-back »URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D840XQXL-Q

onset repulsion effectBT: memory biasRT: spatial memoryError in the memory of the initial position of a moving stimulus, which isestimated to be more backward in the opposite direction of this stimulus.

• Hubbard, T.L., Motes, M.A. (2005). An effect of context on wether memory forinitial position exhibits a Frôhlich efffect or an onset repulsion effect.QuartelyJournal of Experimental Psychology, 58A, 961-979.

• Thornton, I. (2002). The onset repulsion effect. Spatial Vision, 15(2), 219#243.[ doi:10.1163/15685680252875183 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de répulsion de la position initialeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W4K5G2GJ-S

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ORTHOGRAPHIC DISTINCTIVENESS EFFECT

operant conditioningSyn: · Skinnerian conditioning

· instrumental conditioning· instrumental learning· type 2 conditioning

BT: · associative learning· non declarative memory

RT: · extinction· law of effect· mobile conjugate reinforcement· reinforcement

Type of associative learning developed by Skinner. In operantconditioning, learning results from the behavior of the subject and itsconsequences.

• Doré, F.-Y., & Mercier, P. (1992). Les fondements de l’apprentissage et de lacognition. Lille : Presses Universitaires de Lille.

• Konorski, J., & Miller, S. (1937). On two types of conditionedreflex. The Journal of General Psychology, 16(1), 264#272.[ doi:10.1080/00221309.1937.9917950 ].

• Miller, S., & Konorski, J. (1928). Sur une forme particulière de réflexeconditionnel. Bulletin de biologie, 99, 1155-1158.

• Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. NewYork: Appleton-Century.

• Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of theassociative processes in animals. Psychological Monographs: General andApplied, 2(4), 1-109. [ https://archive.org/details/animalintelligen00thoruoft ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: conditionnement opérantURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VN4KQNR0-WEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a642

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0a64e[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847079 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditionnement_opérant [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0004992 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/operant_conditioning [SAGE]

operation spanSyn: OSPAN taskBT: complex span taskRT: · computation task

· working memoryThe subject is required to check the results of a series of mathematicalequations and to read aloud a word ending each equation. After thepresentation of a series of two to seven equations, the subject mustremember the words in correct order. The span is the maximum numberof words that the subject is able to remember. There are variations ofthis procedure (e.g., words at the end of a series of equations can bereplaced by letters).

• Turner, M. L., & Engle, R. W. (1989). Is working memory capacitytask dependent? Journal of Memory and Language, 28(2), 127-154.[ doi:10.1016/0749-596X(89)90040-5 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan d'opérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PWW1BM9B-K

optogeneticsBT: methodology• Mudiayi, D., Wong, S., & Gruber, A. (2015). Optogenetics. In J. D. Wright (Ed.),

International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition)(p. 268#273). Oxford: Elsevier. [ doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.55060-0 ].

PO: AnimalDO: GeneticsFR: optogénétiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CT8NQP8K-REQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781492 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optogénétique [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optogenetics [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0562437 [MeSH]

organizationBT: internal aidA generic term to describe the structuring strategies of the material tobe memorized or retrieved.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: organisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VS0Q3F43-7

orienting taskBT: methodologyRT: · incidental learning

· levels of processingExperimental procedure of incidental learning, orienting the subject ona particular aspect of stimuli (semantic, perceptual, etc.) to highlight therole of levels of processing on the performance of memory. For example,to guide a subject on the perceptual aspect, he is asked to judge whetherthe words are written in capital letters; to focus him towards the semanticaspect, he has to decide if stimuli belong to a semantic category (forexample, the animal category).

• Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retentionof words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,104(3), 268–294. [ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268 ].

• Hyde, T. S., & Jenkins, J. J. (1969). The differential effects of incidental taskson the organization of recall of a list of highly associated words. Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 82, 472–481.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'orientationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P8CJTKR1-N

orthographic distinctiveness effect BT: secondary distinctiveness effectRT: · episodic memory

· verbal memoryBetter memory for words with a distinctive spelling compared to wordswith a common spelling.

• Hunt, R. R., & Elliot, J. M. (1980). The role of nonsemanticinformation in memory: Orthographic distinctiveness effects onretention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109(1), 49#74.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.109.1.49 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'orthographie URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NC6HX90K-0

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 103

OSCAR MODEL

OSCAR modelSyn: OSCillator-based Associative RecallBT: connectionismRT: · serial recall task

· short-term memoryComputational model of serial recall in short-term memory. Each itemin a list is represented by a vector. This vector is associated with adynamic vector representing the context, through Hebbian learning. Thevector of the learning context represents the successive changes ofdifferent temporal oscillators throughout the sequence of presentationof the items. These oscillators operate at different frequencies (someare slow, other fast). Remembering the order of items is to reinstate thetemporal learning context by resetting the oscillators. Each successivestate context is then used to retrieve the vector of the item associatedwith it.

• Brown, G. D. A., Preece, T., & Hulme, C. (2000). Oscillator-based memory for serial order. Psychological Review, 107(1), 127-181.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.107.1.127 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: modèle OSCARURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GNSXTW6L-P

OSCillator-based Associative Recall

→ OSCAR model

OSPAN task

→ operation span

other race effect

→ own-race bias

other-species effect

→ own-species bias

output interferenceBT: interferenceRT: forgettingWhen the memory of a material is assessed, remembering some of theitems reduces the probability of remembering the following items.

• Tulving, E., & Arbuckle, T. Y. (1966). Input and output interference in short-term associative memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(1), 145–150.[ doi:10.1037/h0023344 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: interférence de sortieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NL02RMCX-S

overgeneral autobiographical memory

→ overgeneral memory

overgeneral memorySyn: overgeneral autobiographical memoryBT: autobiographical memoryRT: · Autobiographical Memory Test

· CARFAX model· overgeneral memory bias

Autobiographical memories without reference to a specific event.People with depression or post-traumatic stress disorder tend toremember such memories more frequently.

• Williams, J. M. G., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Herman, D., Raes,F., Watkins, E., & Dalgleish, T. (2007). Autobiographical memoryspecificity and emotional disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 122-148.[ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.122 ].

• Williams, J. M., & Broadbent, K. (1986). Autobiographical memory insuicide attempters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(2), 144-149.[ doi:10.1037/0021-843X.95.2.144 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: souvenir surgénéraliséURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JDM901RR-4EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18385717 [Wikidata]

overgeneral memory biasSyn: overgeneralityBT: memory biasRT: overgeneral memoryTendency to recall overgeneral autobiographical memories rather thanspecific memories observed, for example, in depressed patients.

• Lemogne, C., Piolino, P., Jouvent, R., Allilaire, J.-F., & Fossati, P. (2006).Mémoire autobiographique épisodique et dépression: Episodic autobiographicalmemory in depression: a review. L’Encéphale, 32(5), 781–788. [ doi:10.1016/S0013-7006(06)76231-5 ].

• Dalgleish, T., Williams, J. M. G., Golden, A.-M. J., Perkins, N., Barrett, L. F.,Barnard, P. J., … Watkins, E. (2007). Reduced specificity of autobiographicalmemory and depression: The role of executive control. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology: General, 136(1), 23#42. [ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.136.1.23 ].

• Williams, J. M. G., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Herman, D., Raes,F., Watkins, E., & Dalgleish, T. (2007). Autobiographical memoryspecificity and emotional disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 122-148.[ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.122 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais de surgénéralitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KZ9HB46B-X

overgenerality

→ overgeneral memory bias

overt-repetition techniqueBT: free recall taskRT: rehearsalMethod developed by Rundus (1971) to study how the subjectsrehearse the elements that they are storing. They have to memorizealoud the items in the list presented to them one after another.

• Rundus, D. (1971). Analysis of rehearsal processes in free recall. Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 89(1), 63-77. [ doi:10.1037/h0031185 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: technique de répétition à voix hauteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GXGH17KD-G

104 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

OWN-SPECIES BIAS

own-age biasBT: own-group biasRT: · face memory

· recognition task· visual memory

Bias indicating that we better recognize the faces of people from ourage group than those from different age groups.

• Rhodes, M. G., & Anastasi, J. S. (2012). The own-age bias in face recognition:A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 138(1), 146-174.[ doi:10.1037/a0025750 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais lié au groupe d’âge d’appartenanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KNWZ0FMC-F

own-ethnicity bias

→ own-race bias

own-group biasBT: memory biasRT: · face memory

· recognition task· visual memory

NT: · own-age bias· own-race bias· own-sex bias· own-species bias

Face recognition is better when they belong to the same groups as thesubjects (ethnicity, gender, age, species).

• Mukudi, P. B. L., & Hills, P. J. (2019). The combined influence of the own-age, -gender, and -ethnicity biases on face recognition. Acta Psychologica, 194, 1#6.[ doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.01.009 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais lié au groupe d'appartenanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V7BBHCV5-R

own-race biasSyn: · cross-race effect

· cross-race identification bias· other race effect· own-ethnicity bias

BT: own-group biasRT: · face memory

· recognition task· visual memory

Better recognition of faces from the same ethnicity of the subjectcompared to face recognition from other ethnic groups.

• Brigham, J. C., Bennett, L. B., Meissner, C. A., & Mitchell, T. L. (2007). Theinfluence of race on eyewitness memory. In R. C. L. Lindsay, D. F. Ross,J. D. Read, & M. P. Toglia (Eds.), The handbook of eyewitness psychology,Vol II: Memory for people. (p. 257-281). Mahwah, NJ US: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates Publishers.

• Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Psychology, Public Policy,and Law, 7(1), 3-35. [ doi:10.1037/1076-8971.7.1.3 ].

• de Viviés, X., Kelly, D. J., Cordier, V., & Pascalis, O. (2010). Reconnaissancedes visages d’un autre groupe ethnique : éclairage d’une approchedéveloppementale. Psychologie Française, 55(3), 243#257. [ doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2010.07.001 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais lié à l’ethnie d’appartenanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F8JMF1VC-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q820926 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-race_effect [Wikipedia EN]

own-sex biasBT: own-group biasRT: · face memory

· recognition task· visual memory

Bias indicating that people better recognize the faces of people fromtheir own sex than from the opposite sex. In fact, this bias would bepresent only in women.

• Herlitz, A., & Lovén, J. (2013). Sex differences and the own-gender bias inface recognition: A meta-analytic review. Visual Cognition, 21(9-10), 1306–1336.[ doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.823140 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais lié au sexe d’appartenanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G5ZPKSZ8-1

own-species biasSyn: other-species effectBT: own-group biasRT: · face memory

· recognition task· visual memory

Bias indicating that people better recognize the faces of individuals oftheir own species (eg, humans) than those of a different species (eg,non-human primates).

• Scott, L. S., & Fava, E. (2013). The own-species face bias: A review ofdevelopmental and comparative data. Visual Cognition, 21(9-10), 1364–1391.[ doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.821431 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais lié à l’espèce d’appartenanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QM4X4VDR-X

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 105

OWNERSHIP EFFECT

ownership effectBT: self-reference effectBetter memory for objects owned by the subject than for those ownedby another person.

• Cunningham, S. J., Turk, D. J., Macdonald, L. M., & Neil Macrae, C. (2008).Yours or mine? Ownership and memory. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(1),312-318. [ doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.04.003 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de propriétéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WJJR1CX9-XEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28135489 [Wikidata]

106 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

PARIETAL LOBE

Ppaired-associates learning taskBT: methodologyRT: · associative learning

· associative memory· cued recall task· double-function pairs· episodic memory

NT: · A-B, A-Br learning task· A-B, A-C learning task· A-B, C-B learning task· continuous paired-associate learning task

Learning pairs of stimuli. An item of each pair is then used as a cue toretrieve the other item that was associated with it.

• Calkins, M.W. (1894). Association. Psychological Review, 1(5), 476-483.[ doi:10.1037/h0069000 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'apprentissage de paires associéesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LPL0Z33B-L

Papez circuitSyn: · Papez-Jakob circuit

· medial limbic circuitBT: brainRT: · emotion

· episodic memory· hippocampus· parahippocampal cortex· spatial memory

Described for the first time by the American neuroanatomist James W.Papez in 1937, network of brain structures that would be involved inthe the control of emotions and in memory: mammillary bodies, anteriornucleus of the thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampalgyrus, hippocampus, fornix.

• Papez, J.W. (1937). A proposed mechanism of emotion. Archivesof Neurology & Psychiatry, 38(4), 725-743. [ doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1937.02260220069003 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: circuit de PapezURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L74QNBRZ-TEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755301 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_de_Papez [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papez_circuit [Wikipedia EN]

Papez-Jakob circuit

→ Papez circuit

paradoxal sleepSyn: · REM sleep

· rapid eye movement sleepBT: brainRT: consolidationLast phase of a sleep cycle, paradoxal sleep is characterized by adecrease in muscle tone, rapid eye movements and brain activityresembling that of the waking state. It plays an important role in theconsolidation of memories.

• Boyce, R., Williams, S., & Adamantidis, A. (2017). REM sleep andmemory. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 44, 167#177. [ doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.001 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: sommeil paradoxalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G2R5TQRR-MEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211402 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommeil_paradoxal [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0019972 [MeSH]

parahippocampal cortexBT: medial temporal lobeRT: · contextual memory

· core recollection network· episodic memory· Papez circuit· recollection

Structure in the medial temporal lobe involved in contextual memoryand in recollection.

• Aminoff, E. M., Kveraga, K., & Bar, M. (2013). The role of the parahippocampalcortex in cognition. Trends in cognitive sciences, 17(8), 379#390. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.06.009 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: cortex parahippocampiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MRNF4MMC-QEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parahippocampal_gyrus [Wikipedia

EN]

parallel distributed processing

→ connectionism

parietal cortex

→ parietal lobe

parietal lobeSyn: parietal cortexBT: brainNT: posterior parietal cortexPO: · Animal

· HumanDO: NeurologyFR: lobe pariétalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S4GDHSXF-C

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 107

PARIETAL MEMORY NETWORK

parietal memory networkBT: brainRT: familiarityParietal brain network comprising the precuneus, the mid-cingularcortex and the posterior inferior parietal lobule/dorsal angular cortex.This network deactivates when a new stimulus is encountered andactivates when a familiar stimulus is encountered.

• Gilmore, A. W., Nelson, S. M., & McDermott, K. B. (2015). A parietal memorynetwork revealed by multiple MRI methods. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(9),534-543. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.004 ].

PO: HumanFR: réseau pariétal de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P5H185NF-4

part-list cuing

→ part-set cuing

part-set cuingSyn: part-list cuingBT: cued recall task• Slamecka, N.J. (1968). An examination of trace storage in free recall. Journal of

Experimental Psychology, 76(4, Pt.1), 504-513. [ doi:10.1037/h0025695 ].• Slamecka, N.J. (1969). Testing for associative storage in multitrial free recall.

Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81(3), 557-560. [ doi:10.1037/h0027909 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: indiçage partielURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q7S86FZW-7

partial report taskSyn: Sperling's paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · recall task

· sensory memoryIn studies on sensory memory, method of asking the subject to report asample of the items that were presented.

• Bliss, J. C., Crane, H. D., Mansfield, P. K., & Townsend, J. T. (1966). Informationavailable In brief tactile presentations. Perception & Psychophysics, 1(4),273#283. [ doi:10.3758/BF03207391 ].

• Darwin, C. J., Turvey, M. T., & Crowder, R. G. (1972). An auditory analogue of theSperling partial report procedure: Evidence for brief auditory storage. CognitivePsychology, 3(2), 255-267. [ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90007-2 ].

• Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations.Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 74(11), 1-29. [ doi:10.1037/h0093759 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de rapport partielURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TT05R285-L

PASA ModelSyn: Posterior-Anterior Shift in AgingBT: non-computational modelRT: memory disorderModel of cognitive aging. Aging increases activation in the prefrontalcortex while it decreases activation in the occipital cortex duringcognitive tasks, particularly in memory tasks (working memory, codingand retrieval in episodic memory). Most pronounced recruitment of theprefrontal cortex in the elderly would be an indicator of their attempts tocompensate for their cognitive difficulties.

• Davis, S. W., Dennis, N. A., Daselaar, S. M., Fleck, M. S., & Cabeza, R.(2008). Que PASA? The Posterior-Anterior Shift in Aging. Cerebral Cortex,18(5), 1201-1209. [ doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm155 ].

PO: HumanFR: modèle PASAURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X46HL565-J

pattern completionBT: retrievalRT: · auto-associative memory

· episodic memory· hippocampus· pattern separation

Function of the hippocampus to retrieve a memory from a partial ordegraded cue.

• Liu, K. Y., Gould, R. L., Coulson, M. C., Ward, E. V., & Howard, R. J. (2016). Testsof pattern separation and pattern completion in humans—A systematic review.Hippocampus, 26(6), 705#717. [ doi:10.1002/hipo.22561 ].

• Rolls, E. T. (2013). The mechanisms for pattern completion and patternseparation in the hippocampus. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 7.[ doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00074 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: complètement de patternURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B53H4Z21-5

pattern separationSyn: memory separationBT: · coding

· storageRT: · dentate gyrus

· episodic memory· hippocampus· mnemonic similarity task· pattern completion

In the hippocampus, the process by which similar representationsare stored separately from each other without overlap. This is a kindof disambiguation of similar memory traces, to avoid interferencephenomena.

• Liu, K. Y., Gould, R. L., Coulson, M. C., Ward, E. V., & Howard, R. J. (2016). Testsof pattern separation and pattern completion in humans—A systematic review.Hippocampus, 26(6), 705#717. [ doi:10.1002/hipo.22561 ].

• Rolls, E. T. (2013). The mechanisms for pattern completion and patternseparation in the hippocampus. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 7.[ doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00074. ].

• Yassa, M. A., & Stark, C. E. L. (2011). Pattern separation in the hippocampus.Trends in Neurosciences, 34(10), 515-525. [ doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.06.006 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: séparation de patternURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JJJRFDFC-S

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PERIRHINAL CORTEX

Pavlovian conditioning

→ classical conditioning

perceptual fluencyBT: processing fluencySubjective assessment of the ease with which items are perceived.Perceptual fluency can be used by the subjects as an indicator of thefamiliarity of the items.

• Reber, R., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Effects of perceptual fluency on judgmentsof truth. Consciousness and Cognition, 8(3), 338#342. [ doi:10.1006/ccog.1999.0386 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fluence perceptiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JMF16VF1-QEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0ab9f

[Cognitive Atlas]

perceptual identification taskBT: indirect test of memoryTask used to study implicit memory. The subject must identify a stimulus(word, image, etc.) presented in a degraded form.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'identification perceptiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RHDBPZ6B-N

perceptual interference effectBT: interferenceRT: retrievalBrief presentation of a word followed by a retroactive mask enhancesmemory of the word in free recall, cued recall and recognition (Mulligan,1999, 2002).

• Mulligan, N. W. (1999). The effects of perceptual interference at encoding onorganization and order: Investigating the roles of item-specific and relationalinformation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, andCognition, 25(1), 54-69. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.1.54 ].

• Mulligan, N. W. (2002). The generation effect: Dissociating enhanced itemmemory and disrupted order memory. Memory & Cognition, 30(6), 850#861.[ doi:10.3758/BF03195771 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'interférence perceptiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H3GQKBX5-Q

perceptual learningBT: learningLong-lasting improvement in the perception of a stimulus with practiceand experience.

• Prettyman, A. (2018). Perceptual learning. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:Cognitive Science, e1489. [ doi:10.1002/wcs.1489 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage perceptifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NGW4PJPZ-5EQ: https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/

perceptual_learning [SAGE]

perceptual primingBT: primingType of priming based on the perceptual relations between the primeand the target stimulus.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage perceptifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W8N5KJDT-LEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_5519ba1746e95

[Cognitive Atlas]

perceptual representation systemBT: · implicit memory

· non declarative memoryRT: primingMemory system theorized by Tulving and Schacter (1990), to accountfor object or word perceptual priming effects. According to the authors,this system is involved in perceptual identification of objects and words,but without reference to their meaning. The system is supposed to workclosely with semantic memory.

• Tulving, E., & Schacter, D. L. (1990). Priming and human memory systems.Science, 247(4940), 301#306. [ doi:10.1126/science.2296719 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: système de représentations perceptivesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NX19ZTRC-Z

perceptual spanBT: sensory memoryNumber of items that a person is able to perceive after a very shortexposure time (a few milliseconds).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan perceptifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TBG45WFW-W

perirhinal cortexBT: medial temporal lobeRT: · associative memory

· BIC model· familiarity· recognition task

Medial temporal lobe region involved in object recognition, familiarityjudgments and associative memory.

• Brown, M. W., & Aggleton, J. P. (2001). Recognition memory: what are the rolesof the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(1),51–61. [ doi:10.1038/35049064 ].

• Suzuki, W. A., & Naya, Y. (2014). The perirhinal cortex. Annual Review ofNeuroscience, 37(1), 39-53. [ doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014207 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: cortex périrhinalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M32JMLQM-4EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2998089 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex_périrhinal [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perirhinal_cortex [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000612951 [MeSH]

permanent memory

→ long-term memory

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 109

PERMASTORE EFFECT

permastore effectBT: memory biasRT: semantic memoryTerm used by Bahrik (1984) for knowledge that resist forgetting overlong periods of time.

• Bahrick, H. P. (1984). Semantic memory content in permastore: Fifty years ofmemory for Spanish learned in school. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 113(1), 1#29. [ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.113.1.1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet permastoreURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WS2V394N-Q

personal semantic memorySyn: · personal semantics

· semantic self-knowledge· sémantique personnelle

BT: · autobiographical memory· semantic memory

Semantic memory specific to an individual, storing the knowledges/he possesses about himself (personality, personal beliefs,autobiographical facts...).

• Renoult, L., Davidson, P. S. R., Palombo, D. J., Moscovitch, M., & Levine,B. (2012). Personal semantics : At the crossroads of semantic and episodicmemory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(11), 550#558. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.003 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire sémantique personnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WWK7W52C-7

personal semantics

→ personal semantic memory

phantom recollectionBT: recollectionRT: · conjoint recall paradigm

· false memoryIllusory but vivid recollection of the occurrence of an event.

• Brainerd, C. J., Payne, D. G., Wright, R., & Reyna, V. F. (2003). Phantomrecall. Journal of Memory and Language, 48(3), 445–467. [ doi:10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00501-6 ].

• Brainerd, C. J., Wright, R., Reyna, V. F., & Mojardin, A. H.(2001). Conjoint recognition and phantom recollection. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(2), 307–327.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.27.2.307 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: recollection fantômeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SNGHWJPG-V

phenomenological characteristicBT: cognitionRT: Don't remember/Don't know paradigmNT: · anoetic consciousness

· autonoetic consciousness· chronesthesia· ecphory· familiarity· field point of view· mental time travel· noetic consciousness· observer point of view· recollection

How memories are experienced.

PO: HumanDO: · Philosophy

· PsychologyFR: caractéristique phénoménologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QZXRZM22-5

phonemic similarity effect

→ phonological similarity effect

phonemic verbal fluency testSyn: phonological verbal fluency taskBT: methodologyRT: central executiveThe subject is asked to generate, in a given time, the largest number ofwords beginning with a specified letter (eg., F, then A and then S).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: test de fluence verbale phonémiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W2HP08XP-2

phonological loopBT: working memoryRT: · Baddeley's model

· central executive· nonword repetition task· phonological similarity effect· primacy model· selective interference paradigm· verbal memory· word length effect

NT: · articulatory loop· phonological store

Sub-system of working memory in Baddeley's model, whose functionis the temporary storage of verbal information. It is composed of thephonological store and the articulatory loop.

• Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.• Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (In press). The phonological loop as a buffer store:

An update. Cortex. [ doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.05.015 ].• Gaonac'h, D., Lariguaderie, P. (2000). Mémoire et fonctionnement cognitif : la

mémoire de travail. Paris : Armand Colin.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: boucle phonologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RVCCKRQL-FEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0ba48

[Cognitive Atlas]

110 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

PHYLETIC MEMORY

phonological neighbourhood effectBT: memory biasRT: · serial recall task

· short-term memory· verbal memory

Short-term serial recall of words is affected by their phonologicalneighbours, that is to say, non presented words sharing the same lettersthan the target studied words except one letter (eg., cat and bat)

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du voisinage phonologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MLWJ2PR9-Z

phonological primingBT: primingType of priming during which the prior presentation of a wordfacilitates the processing of another word which is phonologically related(compared to another word which is phonologically different).

• Meyer, D. E., Schvaneveldt, R. W., & Ruddy, M. G. (1974). Functions ofgraphemic and phonemic codes in visual word-recognition. Memory & Cognition,2(2), 309–321. [ doi:10.3758/BF03209002 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage phonologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MX6XZC84-S

phonological similarity effectSyn: · acoustic confusion effect

· phonemic similarity effectBT: memory biasRT: · phonological loop

· serial recall task· short-term memory

Reduction of immediate serial recall when items are phonologicallysimilar.

• Baddeley, A. D. (1966). Short-term memory for word sequences as a functionof acoustic, semantic and formal similarity. Quarterly Journal of ExperimentalPsychology, 18(4), 362-365. [ doi:10.1080/14640746608400055 ].

• Conrad, R. (1964). Acoustic confusions in immediate memory. British Journal ofPsychology, 55(1), 75#84. [ doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1964.tb00899.x ].

• Conrad, R., & Hull, A. J. (1964). Information, acoustic confusion andmemory span. British Journal of Psychology, 55(4), 429-432. [ doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1964.tb00928.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de similarité phonologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RN8DCDB0-2

phonological storeBT: phonological loopRT: irrelevant speech effectIn Baddeley's model of working memory, phonological store is acomponent of the phonological loop. It is responsible for the temporarystorage, under a phonological form, of verbal information. Withoutmental refreshing, the decline of traces in the phonological store is veryfast. Phonological storage is automatic and direct when verbal materialis presented orally. The identification of the phonological store is basedon the phonological similarity effect and the irrelevant speech effect.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: registre phonologiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZCZ74KMG-R

phonological verbal fluency task

→ phonemic verbal fluency test

phonotactic frequencyBT: languageFrequency of occurence of a combination of phonemes in a language.

PO: HumanDO: · Linguistics

· PsychologyFR: fréquence phonotactiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KFSPKCGS-B

phosphataseBT: enzymeRT: long-term depressionPO: · Animal

· HumanFR: phosphataseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CSRHJ6RB-5EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatase [Wikipédia FR]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatase [Wikipedia EN]

photographic memory

→ eidetic memory

phyletic memoryBT: memoryInnate sensory and motors systems, products of natural selection, andconstituting the memory of the species, from which individual memoryis built.

• Fuster, J. M. (1997). Network memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 20(10),451#459. [ doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01128-4 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: mémoire phylétiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GX6HMVK5-L

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 111

PICTURE COMPLEXITY EFFECT

picture complexity effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryBetter memory for complex pictures compared to simple pictures.

• Nguyen, K., & McDaniel, M. A. (2015). The picture complexity effect: Another listcomposition paradox. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,and Cognition, 41(4), 1026-1037. [ doi:10.1037/xlm0000071 ].

• Zucco, G., Bardesano, T. A., & Cornoldi, C. (1984). Il ruolo di dettagli nonessenziali e della loro predicibilità contestuale nella rievocazione di nomi difigure. = The role of nonessential details and of their contextual predictability inthe recall of the names of pictures. Ricerche di Psicologia, 8(4), 43-58.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la complexité des imagesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NW3JF7SX-J

pictures superiority effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryMemory is better when an information is presented as an image(drawing, photo, film) than in verbal form.

• Madigan, S. (2013). Representational storage in picture memory. Bulletin of thePsychonomic Society, 4(6), 567-568. [ doi:10.3758/BF03334293 ].

• Paivio, A., & Csapo, K. (1973). Picture superiority in free recall:Imagery or dual coding? Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 176-206.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(73)90032-7 ].

• Shepard, R. N. (1967). Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6(1), 156-163. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(67)80067-7 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de supériorité des imagesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SBBZLB70-ZEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picture_superiority_effect

[Wikipedia EN]

PKC

→ protein kinase C

PKMζ

→ protein kinase Mζ

place cellBT: hippocampusRT: · cognitive map

· grid cell· spatial memory

Neuron in the hippocampus that fires at a specific location when ananimal is moving in the environment. Place cells have an important rolein spatial memory and the construction of cognitive maps.

• O’Keefe, J., & Dostrovsky, J. (1971). The hippocampus as a spatial map.Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat. Brain Research,34(1), 171#175. [ doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90358-1 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: cellule de lieuURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C98CQ8QN-ZEQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellule_de_lieu [Wikipédia FR]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_cell [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000612948 [MeSH]

place memory

→ spatial memory

positional clustering

→ locality constraint

positional coding theoryBT: theoryRT: · associative memory

· coding· SEM model· serial recall task

Theoretical approach of serial recall. Each item is stored with its relativeposition in the list. The positions are then used as a cue to recall theitems in their order of presentation.

• Ladd, G. T., & Woodworth, R. S. (1911). Elements of physiological psychology :A treatise of the activities and nature of the mind from the physical andexperimental points of view. New York: CharlesScribners’ Sons [ https://archive.org/details/elementsofphy2ed00ladd ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie du codage positionnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K0D65X2X-X

positive acceleration curveBT: learning curveType of learning curve indicating that learning begins slowly and thenaccelerates.

• Bills, A. G. (1934). General experimental psychology. New York:Longmans, Green and co. Consulté à l’adresse [ http://archive.org/details/generalexperimen00bill ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe d'accélération positiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TPDKTCB1-N

positive subsequent memory effectBT: subsequent memory effectGreater activation in a brain region during the encoding of a stimuluswhich will be later remembered.

• Kim, H. (2011). Neural activity that predicts subsequent memory andforgetting: A meta-analysis of 74 fMRI studies. NeuroImage, 54(3), 2446-2461.[ doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.045 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: effet de la mémoire subséquente positifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D5BFB81S-C

positive transferBT: transferRT: negative transferPositive transfer occurs when a first learning facilitates a secondlearning.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: transfert positifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q591RXQT-B

112 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

PREFIX EFFECT

positivity biasSyn: positivity effectBT: memory biasRT: · emotion valence

· episodic memory· negativity bias

Memory bias leading the elderly to remember preferentially positiveevents rather than emotionally neutral or negative events.

• Guillaume, C., Eustache, F., & Desgranges, B. (2009). L’effet de positivité : unaspect intriguant du vieillissement. Revue de neuropsychologie, 1(3), 247#253.[ doi:10.3917/rne.013.0247 ].

• Reed, A. E., Chan, L., & Mikels, J. A. (2014). Meta-analysis of the age-related positivity effect: Age differences in preferences for positive over negativeinformation. Psychology and Aging, 29(1), 1-15. [ doi:10.1037/a0035194 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais de positivitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T7FC6MF2-F

positivity effect

→ positivity bias

post-event information

→ misleading information

post-event information effect

→ misinformation effect

posterior parietal cortexBT: parietal lobeRT: · episodic memory

· working memoryArea in the parietal cortex involved in episodic memory retrieval andworking memory.

• Berryhill, M. E. (2012). Insights from neuropsychology: pinpointing the role of theposterior parietal cortex in episodic and working memory. Frontiers in IntegrativeNeuroscience, 6. [ doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00031 ].

• Sestieri, C., Shulman, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2017). The contribution ofthe human posterior parietal cortex to episodic memory. Nature ReviewsNeuroscience, 18(3), 183#192. [ doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.6 ].

PO: HumanFR: cortex pariétal postérieurURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TTFRG06N-XEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3486606 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_parietal_cortex [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0590564 [MeSH]

Posterior-Anterior Shift in Aging

→ PASA Model

postponement errorBT: transposition errorIn a serial recall task, a transposition error when an item is recalled afterits correct position.

• Hurlstone, M. J., Hitch, G. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2014). Memory for serial orderacross domains: An overview of the literature and directions for future research.Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 339–373. [ doi:10.1037/a0034221 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: erreur de reportURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S1PFKX4T-Q

precategorical acoustic store

→ echoic memory

precategorical visual store

→ iconic memory

prediction of knowingBT: procedural metamemoryMetamemory judgment consisting of predicting the ability to rememberthe studied material.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: prédiction de connaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D577TPZM-K

prediction of learningBT: procedural metamemoryRT: stability biasA metamemory judgment. The subject predicts the probability of recallof an item if it has one, two, three or four additional learning trials.

• Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2009). A stability bias in human memory:Overestimating remembering and underestimating learning. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: General, 138(4), 449-468. [ doi:10.1037/a0017350 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: prédiction d'apprentissageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PQTL8CCL-Z

prefix effectBT: memory biasRT: short-term memoryThe immediate recall of a series of items is disturbed when the serieswas preceded by an item which participants are supposed to ignore.

• Crowder, R. G. (1967). Prefix effects in immediate memory. Canadian Journal ofPsychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie, 21(5), 450-461. [ doi:10.1037/h0082997 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du préfixeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HBR471V1-P

prefrontal association cortex

→ prefrontal cortex

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 113

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

prefrontal cortexSyn: · cortex associatif préfrontal

· prefrontal association cortexBT: frontal lobeNT: medial prefrontal cortexPO: · Animal

· HumanDO: NeurologyFR: cortex préfrontalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PLLK6NVV-ZEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex_préfrontal [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0026411 [MeSH]

pretesting effectBT: memory biasRT: · learning

· long-term memoryLong-term retention of information is improved when the memory of thisinformation has been tested before learning.

• Hartley, J. (1973). The effect of pre-testing on post-test performance.Instructional Science, 2(2), 193#214. [ doi:10.1007/BF00139871 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du prétestingURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T2M92N8V-6

primacy effectBT: serial position effectRT: · recall task

· recency effectIn an immediate recall task, better retention of the first items in a list.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de primautéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DZZPGZ5R-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10885388 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_primauté [Wikipédia FR]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/primacy_effect [SAGE]

primacy modelBT: connectionismRT: · phonological loop

· serial recall taskConnectionist model of the immediate serial recall and phonologicalloop (Page & Norris, 1998). The items are activated according to aprimacy gradient: the first item in the list is the most active and theactivation of other items in the list gradually decreases with their serialposition. The decay of the trace of an item is fast after activation, unlessa rehearsal mechanism keeps its original activation. At the time of serialrecall, the first item in the list, with the greatest activation, is retrievedfirst and then suppressed. The other items are then sequentially recalledon the same principle.

• Page, M. P. A., & Norris, D. (1998). The primacy model: A newmodel of immediate serial recall. Psychological Review, 105(4), 761-781.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.105.4.761-781 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: Primacy (modèle)URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TDDM8GS6-P

primary distinctiveness effectSyn: intralist distinctiveness effectBT: distinctiveness effectRT: episodic memoryNT: · temporal isolation effect

· von Restorff effectDistinctiveness effect that occurs when an item is distinctive from itsimmediate context.

• Schmidt, S. R. (1991). Can we have a distinctive theory of memory? Memory &Cognition, 19(6), 523#542. [ doi:10.3758/BF03197149 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de distinctivité primaireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PBDK5069-G

primary memory

→ short-term memory

primeBT: methodologyRT: primingIn a priming task, initially presented stimulus which processing caninfluence the performance in a subsequent cognitive task.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J4T8Z01F-W

prime-task effectBT: memory biasRT: semantic primingReduction or elimination of semantic priming when certain tasks areperformed on the prime (e.g., finding a letter or the repetition of a letter).

• Maxfield, L. (1997). Attention and semantic priming: a review of primetask effects. Consciousness and Cognition, 6(2-3), 204-218. [ doi:10.1006/ccog.1997.0311 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la tâche sur l'amorçeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JFLLCGXM-T

114 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

primingBT: implicit memoryRT: · affective priming task

· non declarative memory· perceptual representation system· prime

NT: · associative priming· automatic priming· episodic priming· morphological priming· negative priming· perceptual priming· phonological priming· repetition priming· semantic priming· strategic priming· syntactic priming· unconscious priming

Method or cognitive process to show the influence of processing astimulus on the performance in a subsequent task.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W6B74BSG-7EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4e89aebaa311d

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18619 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorçage_(psychologie) [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priming_(psychology) [WikipediaEN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/priming[SAGE]

principle of coherenceBT: autobiographical memoryAn autobiographical memory is reconstructed to be coherent with whatwe are, our aspirations and current beliefs and the image we have ofourselves.

• Conway, M. A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language,53(4), 594-628. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005 ].

• Conway, M. A., Singer, J. A., & Tagini, A. (2004). The self and autobiographicalmemory: Correspondence and coherence. Social Cognition, 22(5), 491-529.[ doi:10.1521/soco.22.5.491.50768 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: principe de cohérenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KHQHD0XQ-5

principle of correspondenceBT: autobiographical memoryAn autobiographical memory should best correspond to our experienceof reality.

• Conway, M. A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language,53(4), 594-628. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005 ].

• Conway, M. A., Singer, J. A., & Tagini, A. (2004). The self and autobiographicalmemory: Correspondence and coherence. Social Cognition, 22(5), 491-529.[ doi:10.1521/soco.22.5.491.50768 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: principe de correspondanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PW070F00-1

principle of desirable difficultiesBT: · coding

· learningRT: long-term memoryIn certain conditions, making the encoding of information more difficult(eg, spacing the repetition of items) promotes long-term retention.

• Bjork, E. L., & Bjork, R. (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a goodway: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. In M. A. Gernsbacher,R. . Pew, L. M. Hough, & J. R. Pomerantz (Eds.), Psychoology and the eal orld:Essays illustrating fundamentals contributions to society (p. 56-64). New York:Worth Publishers.

• Bjork, R. A. (1994). Memory and metamemory considerations in the training ofhuman beings. In J. Metcalfe & A. P. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition: Knowingabout Knowing (p. 185-205). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: principe des difficultés désirablesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X3FS8R50-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25313480 [Wikidata]

principle of mass actionBT: theoryRT: memory disorderPrinciple defined by Lashley (1929) wherein the memory deficits of ratsin a maze depend on the extent of the cortex removed and not thelocation of the lesion.

• Lashley, S, K. (1929). Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence: A Quantitative Studyof Injuries to the Brain (Vol. xi). Chicago, IL, US: University of Chicago Press.

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: principe de l'action de masseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HPZMXKW8-TEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783977 [Wikidata]

prior knowledgeBT: semantic memoryTerm for knowledge (schemas, scripts...) possessed by a subject thatinfluence the memory of new information.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: connaissances pré-existantesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L65NNTH4-2

proactive inhibition

→ proactive interference

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 115

PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE

proactive interferenceSyn: proactive inhibitionBT: interferenceRT: · California Verbal Learning Test

· forgettingNT: · release from proactive interference

· reverse interference effectInterference of a task on the memory of a subsequent task, especiallywhen there are similarities between the elements of the two tasks.

• Craig, M., Dewar, M., & Sala, S. D. (2015). Retroactive interference. In J. D.Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences(Second Edition) (p. 613-620). Oxford: Elsevier.

• Underwood, B. J. (1957). Interference and forgetting. Psychological Review,64(1), 49-60. [ doi:10.1037/h0044616 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: interférence proactiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L0QT15F8-GEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0adab

[Cognitive Atlas]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0017594 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/proactive_inhibition [SAGE]

probed recallBT: recall taskThe subject studies a list of items. An item from the list is then presentedto him/her and s/he must to remember the previous or next item in thelist or in a specific position (for example, recall the item that was in fourthposition).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: rappel avec sondeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D0H4K7JW-L

procedural learning

→ skill acquisition

procedural memoryBT: non declarative memoryRT: · Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational

· anoetic consciousness· MNESIS model· skill acquisition

NT: production ruleLong-term memory system that stores information of the "know how"type, difficult to verbalize, manifests itself directly in action, notaccessible to consciousness (E. Tulving thus describing this memory asanoetic), difficult to modify and whose acquisition is progressive.

• Beaunieux, H., Desgranges, B., Eustache, F. (1998) La mémoire procédurale :validité du concept et des méthodes d'évaluation, Revue de neuropsychologie,8(2), 271-300.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire procéduraleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DRFF94SX-BEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0addc

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18606 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_procédurale [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_memory [Wikipedia EN]

procedural metamemorySyn: metamemory experienceBT: metamemoryRT: · déjà vu

· test expectancy effectNT: · allocation of study time

· confidence· distinctiveness heuristic· ease of learning· feeling of knowing· judgement of retention· judgment of learning· judgment of the rate of learning· prediction of knowing· prediction of learning· processing fluency· source monitoring· tip-of-the-tongue

Monitoring, regulation and control processes performed during amemory task.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: métamémoire procéduraleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WM9BNKJ9-8

procedural working memoryBT: working memorySubsystem of working memory involved in the temporary maintenanceof representations controlling information processing.

• Oberauer, K. (2010). Declarative and procedural working memory: Commonprinciples, common capacity limits? Psychologica Belgica, 50(3-4), 277.[ doi:10.5334/pb-50-3-4-277 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire de travail procéduraleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W0TLF8T9-S

process dissociation procedureBT: methodologyRT: · automatic processing

· controlled processingProcedure developed by Jacoby and collaborators in order tohighlight the role of unconscious (automatic) and conscious (controlled)processes in the same memory task.

• Adam, S. Nouvelles techniques d'évaluation de la mémoire : procédure dedissociation des processus et paradigme R/K. In Meulemans, T., Desgranges,B., Adam, S., Eustache, F. (eds.). (2003). Evaluation et prise en charge destroubles mnésiques. Marseille : Solal.

• Jacoby, L. L. (1991). A process dissociation framework: Separating automaticfrom intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 30(5),513#541. [ doi:10.1016/0749-596X(91)90025-F ].

• Nicolas, S. (2000a). La dissociation automatique vs. contrôlée en rappel :application de la PDP de Jacoby (1991, 1998). Revue de Neuropsychologie,10(1), 97-128.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: procédure de dissociation des processusURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C8R459L2-3

116 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

PROPOSITION

processing fluencySyn: cognitive fluencyBT: procedural metamemoryNT: · conceptual fluency

· perceptual fluency· retrieval fluency

Subjective evaluation of the ease or difficulty with which a cognitive taskis performed.

• Oppenheimer, D. M. (2008). The secret life of fluency. Trends in CognitiveSciences, 12(6), 237#241. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.02.014 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fluence du traitementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M5S8CX1R-7EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530468 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing_fluency [Wikipedia EN]

processing-and-storage task

→ complex span task

production deficiencyBT: strategySituation when a subject is not able to spontaneously use a strategy toimprove his memory, although he is able to use it after training or if heis encouraged to do so. Concept used mainly studies investigating theuse of memory strategies in children and older adults.

• Paris, S. G. (1978). Coordination of means and goals in the development ofmnenomic skills. In P. A. Ornstein (Ed.), Memory development in children (p.259-273). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: déficience de productionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z6DZPVMP-5

production effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryWords read aloud are better memorized than words read silently.

• Bodner, G. E., Taikh, A., & Fawcett, J. M. (2014). Assessing the costs andbenefits of production in recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21(1),149–154. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0485-1 ].

• MacLeod, C. M., Gopie, N., Hourihan, K. L., Neary, K. R., & Ozubko, J. D. (2010).The production effect: Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(3), 671-685. [ doi:10.1037/a0018785 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de productionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HHLK9QLK-6

production ruleBT: procedural memoryFormat used by some authors to describe the knowledge stored inmemory, specifically in procedural memory. A production rule is aconditional rule of the type IF condition THEN action: when a conditionis satisfied, then perform a particular action.

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· Logics· Psychology

FR: règle de productionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GJZ75TCV-PEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_(computer_science)

[Wikipedia EN]

proper name anomiaSyn: proper noun anomiaBT: memory disorderRT: semantic memoryInability to name persons, while the ability to name common objectsis preserved, as well as access to other conceptual information aboutpersons (e.g., patients do not experience difficulty in retrieving theprofession of a person). Anomia of names is sometimes accompaniedby an anomia of places and is the result of lesions in the left cerebralhemisphere.

• Semenza, C., & Zettin, M. (1989). Evidence from aphasia for the role ofproper names as pure referring expressions. Nature, 342(6250), 678-679.[ doi:10.1038/342678a0 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: anomie des noms propresURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FJN7R4WL-5EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38473184 [Wikidata]

proper noun anomia

→ proper name anomia

propositionBT: declarative memoryThe notion of proposition is used by researchers in cognitive psychologyto characterize an abstract format of mental representations in memory.A proposition is considered as the smallest unit that can have a truthvalue, that is, which one can say that it is either true or false. Aproposition consists of a predicate (what is denied or affirmed) and oneor more arguments.

PO: HumanDO: · Logics

· PsychologyFR: propositionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZLTCNNK4-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposition [Wikipedia EN]

propositional memory

→ semantic memory

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 117

PROSOPAGNOSIA

prosopagnosiaSyn: face blindnessBT: agnosiaRT: face memoryNT: · acquired prosopagnosia

· developmental prosopagnosiaInability of an individual to recognize familiar faces, sometimes their ownface.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: prosopagnosieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PD4X3GW4-9EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244438 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosie [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopagnosia [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0328275 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/prosopagnosia [SAGE]

prosopamnesiaBT: anterograde amnesiaDifficulty to learn new faces since brain injury.

• Tippett, L. J., Miller, L. A., & Farah, M. J. (2000). Prosopamnesia: A selectiveimpairment in face learning. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 17(1-3), 241-255.[ doi:10.1080/026432900380599 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: prosopamnésieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X311VJZ9-2EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250686 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopamnesia [Wikipedia EN]

prospective confidenceBT: confidenceRT: · ease of learning

· feeling of knowing· judgment of learning

Confidence in a future response.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: confiance prospectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JC8Z1BPC-X

prospective memorySyn: · remembering to recall

· remembering to rememberBT: episodic memoryRT: · focal prospective memory task

· intention superiority effect· non-focal prospective memory task

NT: · event-based prospective memory· time-based prospective memory

Memory for planned intentions (e.g., remembering an appointment),involving both retrospective (remembering what is planned) andexecutive (planning, organization...) aspects.

• Bouëdec, B. L., & Germain, B. D. (1997). La mémoire prospective ou se souvenirdes actions futures. L’année psychologique, 97(3), 519-544. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1997.28973 ].

• Cohen, A.-L., & Hicks, J. L. (2017). Prospective memory: Remembering toremember, remembering to forget. Cham: Springer.

• Kliegel, M., McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (Eds.). (2012). Prospectivememory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives.New York: Psychology Press.

• Rummel, J., & McDaniel M.A. (Eds.) (2019). Prospective memory. NewYork:Routledge.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire prospectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z6SQPXCN-PEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0ae70

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916150 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_prospective [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospective_memory [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0556652 [MeSH]

protein kinaseBT: enzymeNT: protein kinase CPO: · Animal

· HumanFR: protéine kinaseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KQ45W2S2-4EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58321 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protéine_kinase [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0017869 [MeSH]

protein kinase CSyn: PKCBT: protein kinaseRT: · learning

· memoryNT: atypical protein kinase C• Sun, M.-K., & Alkon, D. L. (2014). The “memory kinases”: Roles of PKC isoforms

in signal processing and memory formation. In Z. U. Khan & E. C. Muly (Eds.),Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science (Vol. 122, p. 31-59).Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-420170-5.00002-7 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: protéine kinase CURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RP348S0G-VEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420877 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_C [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0017861 [MeSH]

118 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

PUPILLOMETRY

protein kinase M zeta

→ protein kinase Mζ

protein kinase MζSyn: · PKMζ

· protein kinase M zetaBT: atypical protein kinase CRT: · consolidation

· long-term memory· long-term potentiation

Enzyme, intervening at the synapse level, involved in activelymaintaining consolidated memories.

• Sacktor, T. C., & Hell, J. W. (2017). The genetics of PKMζ andmemory maintenance. Science Signaling, 10(505), eaao2327. [ doi:10.1126/scisignal.aao2327 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: protéine kinase MζURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F3R6HDD2-ZEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_C_zeta_type

[Wikipedia EN]

prototypeBT: categorizationRT: · prototype effect

· typicalityThe prototype is the central tendency of exemplars of a category. It is theresult of an abstraction of these exemplars that preserves their essentialand common features.

• Hampton, J. A. (2006). Concepts as prototypes. In Psychology of Learning andMotivation (Vol. 46, p. 79#113). New York: Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(06)46003-5 ].

• Rosch, E. (1975). Cognitive representations of semantic categories.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104(3), 192#233.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.192 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: prototypeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D19S6SFV-BEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0ae87

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1402719 [Wikidata]

prototype effectSyn: prototype-enhancement effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· prototype· recognition task· spontaneous false memory

Tendency to falsely recognize an unstudied prototype which was usedto generate the study items as variations of the prototype.

• Posner, M. I., & Keele, S. W. (1968). On the genesis of abstract ideas. Journalof Experimental Psychology, 77(3, Pt.1), 353-363. [ doi:10.1037/h0025953 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du prototypeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B4ZR1FPB-W

prototype-enhancement effect

→ prototype effect

protrusion effect

→ serial order intrusion

pseudoword effectBT: memory biasRT: · recognition task

· verbal memoryIn a recognition task, more correct and false recognitions ofpseudowords (nonexistent but pronounceable words) than words.

• Greene, R. L. (2004). Recognition memory for pseudowords. Journal of Memoryand Language, 50(3), 259-267. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2003.12.001036. ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet des pseudomotsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T7PNWKZ6-B

psychogenic amnesia

→ functional amnesia

pupil old/new effectBT: episodic memoryRT: · pupillometry

· recognition taskIn a recognition task, the pupil dilates more in the presence of (studied)old items than in the presence of (unstudied) new items.

• Otero, S. C., Weekes, B. S., & Hutton, S. B. (2011). Pupil size changesduring recognition memory. Psychophysiology, 48(10), 1346-1353. [ doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01217.x ].

• Võ, M. L.-H., Jacobs, A. M., Kuchinke, L., Hofmann, M., Conrad, M., Schacht,A., & Hutzler, F. (2008). The coupling of emotion and cognition in theeye: introducing the pupil old/new effect. Psychophysiology, 45(1), 130#140.[ doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00606.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: effet ancien/nouveau sur la pupilleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z1NG7ZH0-C

pupillometryBT: methodologyRT: pupil old/new effectMeasurement of the dilation of the pupil. As the pupil is dilating duringa cognitive effort, pupillometry is used by some research teams as anindex of memory processes.

• Goldinger, S. D., & Papesh, M. H. (2012). Pupil dilation reflects the creation andretrieval of memories. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(2), 90-95.[ doi:10.1177/0963721412436811 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: pupillométrieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JQQL3RVV-PEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7260675 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillométrie [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillometry [Wikipedia EN]

pure topographical disorientation

→ topographical memory loss

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 119

QUESTIONNAIRE

QquestionnaireBT: methodologyNT: · Memory Characteristics Questionnaire

· Memory Experiences Questionaire· Test of Episodic Memory for the AutobiographicalPast

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: questionnaireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HQM4N2ZZ-MEQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionnaire [Wikipédia FR]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionnaire [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0018329 [MeSH]

120 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

RATIONALIZATION

RR/K paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · autonoetic consciousness

· Don't remember/Don't know paradigm· familiarity· noetic consciousness· recognition task· recollection

For each response in a recognition test, the subject is invited to indicatewhether he remembers the learning context (R response for Remember)or if the recognized item seems just familiar without being able to recallthe context of acquisition (K response for Know.)

• Adam, S. (2003). Nouvelles techniques d'évaluation de la mémoire :procédure de dissociation des processus et paradigme R/K. In Meulemans, T.,Desgranges, B., Adam, S., Eustache, F. (Eds.), Evaluation et prise en chargedes troubles mnésiques. Marseille : Solal.

• Gardiner, J. M. (s. d.). Functional aspects of recollective experience. Memory &Cognition, 16(4), 309-313. [ doi:10.3758/BF03197041 ].

• Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 26(1), 1-12.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme R/KURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J3F3BBGH-C

random generation taskBT: methodologyRT: central executiveExperimental technique used to study the central executive of theworking memory. The task of the subject is to generate numbers orletters as if they were drawn at random.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de génération aléatoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CCQBGS3R-L

Ranschburg effectSyn: repetition inhibitionBT: memory biasRT: serial recall taskSerial recall of the second repetition of an item in a list is disturbedcompared to the serial recall of an item from another list with the sameposition, except when the two occurrences of the repeated item areclose (adjacent or separated by one single other item).

• Crowder, R. G. (1968). Intraserial repetition effects in immediate memory.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 7(2), 446#451. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(68)80031-3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet RanschburgURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GVCFTJQL-BEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55648563 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranschburg_effect [Wikipedia EN]

rapid eye movement sleep

→ paradoxal sleep

ratio law

→ ratio rule

ratio ruleSyn: ratio lawBT: recency effectRT: · episodic memory

· free recall task· long-term recency effect

In free recall, the magnitude of the recency effect depends on the ratiobetween the time interval separating the items to be stored and theretention interval (time interval between the end of the study phase andthe test of memory).

• Bjork, R. A., & Whitten, W. B. (1974). Recency-sensitive retrievalprocesses in long-term free recall. Cognitive Psychology, 6(2), 173-189.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90009-7 ].

• Glenberg, A. M., Bradley, M. M., Kraus, T. A., & Renzaglia, G. J. (1983).Studies of the long-term recency effect: Support for a contextually guidedretrieval hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,and Cognition, 9(2), 231-255. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.9.2.231 ].

• Glenberg, A. M., Bradley, M. M., Stevenson, J. A., Kraus, T. A., Tkachuk, M.J., Gretz, A. L., … Turpin, B. M. (1980). A two-process account of long-termserial position effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning andMemory, 6(4), 355-369. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.6.4.355 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: règle du ratioURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CNBGWTNL-J

rationalizationBT: schemaIn Bartlett, tendency of individuals to produce memory errors thatconform to their cultural background when they remember a story

• Bartlett, F.C. (1932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and SocialPsychology. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: rationalisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MT60XTLD-Z

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 121

REACTION TIME

reaction timeSyn: · response latency

· response timeBT: chronometryRT: · cognitive slowing

· diffusion model· Stroop test

NT: · choice reaction time· Go/NoGo task· simple reaction time

Time elapsed between the onset of the stimulus and the onset of theresponse to that stimulus.

• Yamaguchi, M., & Schweickert, R. (2019). Response time measure in memoryresearch. In H. Otani & B. L. Schwartz (Eds.), Handbook of research methodsin human memory (p. 67#83). New York: Routledge.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: temps de réactionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-B1XQ3JL0-1EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0018540 [MeSH]

http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0018541 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/reaction_time [SAGE]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/response_time [SAGE]

reading spanBT: complex span taskRT: · verbal memory

· working memoryWorking memory task developed by Daneman and Carpenter (1980).Subjects are presented with an icnreasing number of sentences and areinstructed to judge whether each sentence has meaning while retainingthe last word of each sentence. When the last sentence of a serieswas presented, the subject must remember the last words in order. Thistask thus involves both temporary storage and information processingactivity. Span is the total number of words that the subject is able toremember.

• Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in workingmemory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19(4),450-466. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6 ].

• Desmette, D. , Hupet, M., Schelstraete, M.-A., & Van den Linden, M. .(1995). Adaptation en langue française du « Reading Span Test » de Danemanet Carpenter (1980). L’année Psychologique, 95(3), 459–482. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1995.28842. ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan de lectureURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DF6PXM1G-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224387 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_span_task [Wikipedia EN]

reading-digit spanBT: complex span taskRT: working memoryWorking memory span task in which subjects must rememberincreasing series of letters while performing a digit reading task.

• Barrouillet, P., Bernardin, S., & Camos, V. (2004). Time constraints and resourcesharing in adults’ working memory spans. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 133(1), 83-100. [ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.83 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan de lecture de chiffresURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TL97KW16-X

recall paradigm

→ recall task

recall taskSyn: · recall paradigm

· recall testBT: direct test of memoryRT: · cognitive triage effect

· collaborative inhibition· cumulative recall function· false recall· intrusion recency effect· modality effect· partial report task· primacy effect· recency effect· retrieval· SAM model· serial position effect· Tulving-Wiseman law· word-frequency effect

NT: · conjoint recall paradigm· cued recall task· forced recall· free recall task· one-list-back paradigm· probed recall· serial recall task· serial reproduction

General term for situations where the subject must reproduce theinformation stored in his/her memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de rappelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XFK08D50-DEQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0018550 [MeSH]

recall test

→ recall task

receiver operating characteristic curve

→ ROC curve

122 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

RECOGNITION TASK

recency effectBT: serial position effectRT: · modality effect

· primacy effect· recall task· short-term memory

NT: · intrusion recency effect· long-term recency effect· negative recency effect· ratio rule· suffix effect

In an immediate recall task, better retention of the last items in a list.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de récenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L4B4V85X-ZEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15898759 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_récence [Wikipédia FR]

recognition failureBT: episodic memoryRT: recognition taskRecognition failure occurs when a subject is able to recall items thathe is unable to recognize elsewhere. This phenomenon has beendescribed experimentally by Tulving and Thompson in 1973.

• Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrievalprocesses in episodic memory., 80(5), 352#373. [ doi:10.1037/h0020071 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: échec de la reconnaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T4F643ZN-KEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302604 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition_failure_of_recallable_words [Wikipedia EN]

recognition paradigm

→ recognition task

recognition spanBT: spanRT: · recognition task

· short-term memorySpan task in which sequences of increasing length are presented. Aftera series of items, another identical sequence is presented or a sequencewith an adjacent transposition in the order of two items. Subject has toindicate whether or not s/he recognizes the sequence that follows eachseries.

• Gathercole, S., & Pickering, S. (2001). Working memory deficits in children withspecial educational needs. British Journal of Special Education, 28(2), 89-97.[ doi:10.1111/1467-8527.00225 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan de reconnaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R492C0GF-R

recognition taskSyn: · recognition paradigm

· recognition testBT: direct test of memoryRT: · BIC model

· category repetition paradigm

· composite face effect· context-dependent recognition· diffusion model· distractor· dual-process models of recognition memory· false recognition· familiarity· FN400 wave· inversion effect· memory strength· mirror effect· own-age bias· own-group bias· own-race bias· own-sex bias· own-species bias· perirhinal cortex· prototype effect· pseudoword effect· pupil old/new effect· R/K paradigm· recognition failure· recognition span· recollection· recollection without remembering· repetition enhancement· retrieval· retro-cue effect· ROC curve· SAM model· serial search· single-process models of recognition memory· size congruency effect· Tulving-Wiseman law· word-frequency effect

NT: · associative recognition task· change detection paradigm· conjoint recognition paradigm· continuous recognition task· dual-probe recognition task · global recognition task· habituation/dishabituation paradigm· local recognition task· mnemonic similarity task· mobile conjugate reinforcement· recognition without identification· response signal procedure· serial recognition task· Sternberg task· train task· two alternatives forced choice· yes/no recognition task

In a recognition task, the subject must discriminate among a set ofstimuli, those who were present during the study phase.

• Besson, G., Ceccaldi, M., & Barbeau, E. J. (2013). L’évaluation des processusde la mémoire de reconnaissance. Revue de Neuropsychologie, NeurosciencesCognitives et Cliniques, 4(4), 242–254. [ doi:10.1684/nrp.2012.0238 ].

• Smith, D. G., & J, J. (2004). Testing theories of recognition memory by predictingperformance across paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,Memory, and Cognition, 30(3), 615–625. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.3.615 ].

FR: tâche de reconnaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KCJ85PL3-0EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0013347 [MeSH]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 123

RECOGNITION WITHOUT IDENTIFICATION

recognition test

→ recognition task

recognition without identificationBT: recognition taskAfter studying items (e.g., words), subjects are able to distinguishstudied items and non studied items, even if it is impossible to identifythem when they are presented in degraded manner (eg, in the form ofword fragments).

• Peynircioǧlu, Z. F. (1990). A feeling-of-recognition without identification. Journalof Memory and Language, 29(4), 493-500. [ doi:10.1016/0749-596X(90)90068-B ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: reconnaissance sans identificationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZQJ9ZV3Z-P

recognition-induced forgettingBT: retrieval-induced forgettingType of retrieval-induced forgetting. Recognizing an object can lead tothe forgetting of other objects belonging to the same category.

• Rugo, K. F., Tamler, K. N., Woodman, G. F., & Maxcey, A. M. (2017). Recognition-induced forgetting of faces in visual long-term memory. Attention, Perception, &Psychophysics, 79(7), 1878#1885. [ doi:10.3758/s13414-017-1419-1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli induit par la reconnaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BDCM9X55-C

recollectionBT: phenomenological characteristicRT: · BIC model

· core recollection network· episodic memory· LPC wave· parahippocampal cortex· R/K paradigm· recognition task· recollection without remembering· self-reference recollection effect

NT: phantom recollectionIn a recognition test, judgment that an item is old (has been studied)with the retrieval of specific elements of the memorization context.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: recollectionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XBK7Q5XL-7

recollection without rememberingBT: memory biasRT: · contextual memory

· episodic memory· recognition task· recollection· source memory

In a recognition test, subjects are sometimes able to remember thecontext of studied items while declaring these items as new.

• Chen, X. R., Gomes, C. F. A., & Brainerd, C. J. (2018). Explaining recollectionwithout remembering. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,and Cognition, 44(12), 1921#1930. [ doi:10.1037/xlm0000559 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: recollection sans souvenirURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R5X6GLR8-4

recollective confabulationBT: · autobiographical memory

· confabulationMemory disorder in which patients produce confabulations to justify thepersistent feeling that the present moment is the repetition of previousexperiences.

• Moulin, C. J. A. (2013). Disordered recognition memory: Recollectiveconfabulation. Cortex, 49(6), 1541-1552. [ doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2013.01.010 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: confabulation recollectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-G5759T52-C

recollective memory

→ episodic memory

reconsolidationBT: consolidationReactivation of memories stabilized in long-term memory makes themlabile and they must be consolidated again.

• Alberini, C. (Ed.). (2013). Memory reconsolidation. London: Academic Press.• Elsey, J. W. B., Van Ast, V. A., & Kindt, M. (2018). Human memory

reconsolidation: A guiding framework and critical review of the evidence.Psychological Bulletin, 144(8), 797#848. [ doi:10.1037/bul0000152 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: reconsolidationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FJ1L5NPX-6EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b972

[Cognitive Atlas]

124 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

RELATIONAL PROCESSING

reconstrutive memorySyn: memory reconstructionBT: memoryRT: · episodic memory

· false memory· semantic memory

Term used to insist on the fact that memory is not the reproductionbut rather the reconstruction of the past, based on memory traces,expectations, beliefs, inferences and prior knowledge. Reconstructioncan lead to errors, memory distorsions and false memories.

• Daniel L. Schacter, Kenneth A. Norman, & Koutstaal, and W. (1998). Thecognitive neuroscience of constructive memory. Annual Review of Psychology,49, 289#318. [ doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.289 ].

• Roediger, H. L., & DeSoto, K. A. (2015). Reconstructive Memory, Psychology of.In J. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences(Second Edition, p. 50-55). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire reconstructiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L6ZG9VWM-TEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructive_memory [Wikipedia

EN]

redintegrationBT: retrievalProcess to retrieve a memory from a fragmented information.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: rédintégrationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DW563N6B-2EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305958 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redintegration [Wikipedia EN]

rehearsalBT: internal aidRT: · articulatory loop

· overt-repetition technique· short-term memory

NT: · elaborative rehearsal· maintenance rehearsal

Mental rehearsal mechanism to retain information in short-term memory(or in working memory).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: autorépétitionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QG77SB43-1EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0ba54

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815754 [Wikidata]

reinforcementBT: learningRT: operant conditioningStimulus that increases the probability of occurrence of a response.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: renforcementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L63H1FX6-6EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renforcement [Wikipédia FR]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0018739 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/reinforcement [SAGE]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/reinforcement_(psychology) [SAGE]

reiteration effect

→ illusory truth effect

relational binding

→ relational memory

relational memorySyn: relational bindingBT: associative memoryRT: bindingMemory of the associations between the independent elementsconstituting an event or a scene (relationship between objects, betweenan object and its context ...).

• Mayes, A., Montaldi, D., & Migo, E. (2007). Associative memory and the medialtemporal lobes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(3), 126-135. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.12.003 ].

• Moses, S. N., & Ryan, J. D. (2006). A comparison and evaluation of thepredictions of relational and conjunctive accounts of hippocampal function.Hippocampus, 16(1), 43-65. [ doi:10.1002/hipo.20131 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire relationnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZKF4VVX2-J

relational processingBT: codingInformation processing mode defined as encoding the similarity of items.

• Hunt, R. R., & Einstein, G. O. (1981). Relational and item-specific informationin memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20(5), 497–514.[ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(81)90138-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement relationnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M06MX9HP-B

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 125

RELATIVE DISTINCTIVENESS PRINCIPLE

relative distinctiveness principleBT: distinctivenessPrinciple stipulating that subjects remember better items that stand outfrom alternative items at the time of retrieval.

• Surprenant, A. M., & Neath, I. (2009). Principles of Memory. New York:Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: principe de distinctivité relativeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZMXB5XVB-J

relative judgment of recencySyn: judgement of relative orderBT: episodic memoryIn a task of relative judgment of recency, subjects first study a list ofitems presented serially. The experimenter then shows them two itemsand they must indicate which of the two most recently appeared.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: jugement relatif de récenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BJN438BQ-7

release from proactive interferenceBT: proactive interferenceProactive interference can be cancelled by varying the similiarity ofitems between the first and second list after several trials.

• Wickens, D. D., Born, D. G., & Allen, C. K. (1963). Proactive inhibition and itemsimilarity in short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,2(5–6), 440–445. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(63)80045-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: levée de l'interférence proactiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T6MBB7W8-Z

relocation bumpBT: reminiscence bumpIn older adults, increase in the number of autobiographical memories forthe period of their life when an important change of residence occurred.

• Enz, K. F., Pillemer, D. B., & Johnson, K. M. (2016). The relocation bump:Memories of middle adulthood are organized around residential moves. Journalof Experimental Psychology: General, No Pagination Specified. [ doi:10.1037/xge0000188 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: pic de relocalisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZJ83T30M-2

REM sleep

→ paradoxal sleep

remembered utilityBT: memoryRetrospective assessment of the pleasure or displeasure associatedwith a past experience.

• Finn, B. (2010). Ending on a high note: adding a better end to effortful study.Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(6),1548#1553. [ doi:10.1037/a0020605 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: utilité remémoréeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GZVM53SH-K

remembering to recall

→ prospective memory

remembering to remember

→ prospective memory

reminiscenceBT: retrievalNew memories retrieved that were not remembered during previoustests.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: réminiscenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W7BZP5KC-M

reminiscence bumpBT: memory biasRT: · anti-reminiscence bump

· autobiographical memory· cue-word method· important memories method

NT: relocation bumpIncreased number of autobiographical memories for eventsexperienced between the ages of 10 and 30 years.

• Koppel, J., & Berntsen, D. (2015). The peaks of life: The differential temporallocations of the reminiscence bump across disparate cueing methods. Journalof Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4(1), 66#80. [ doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.11.004 ].

• Koppel, J., & Rubin, D. C. (2016). Recent advances in understandingthe reminiscence bump: The importance of cues in guiding recall fromautobiographical memory. Current directions in psychological science, 25(2),135–140. [ doi:10.1177/0963721416631955 ].

• Munawar, K., Kuhn, S. K., & Haque, S. (2018). Understanding the reminiscencebump: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0208595. [ doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208595 ].

• Rubin, D. C., Wetzler, S. E., & Nebes, R. D. (1986). Autobiographical memoryacross the adult lifespan. In D. C. Rubin (Ed.), Autobiographical memory (pp.202-221). New York: Cambridge University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: pic de réminiscenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V6NV3J15-0EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2849348 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reminiscence_bump [WikipediaEN]

126 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

REPETITION SUPPRESSION

reminiscence styleSyn: conversational styleBT: autobiographical memoryNT: · high elaborated reminiscence style

· low elaborated reminiscence styleCommunication mode used by parents with their children whenspeaking about the past, which supposedly influence the developmentof autobiographical memory.

• Fivush, R. (2009). Sociocultural perspectives on autobiographical memory. InM. L. Courage & N. Cowan (Eds.), The Development of Memory in Infancy andChildhood (p. 283-301). Hove : Psychology Press.

• Fivush, R. (2014). Maternal reminiscing style: The sociocultural construction ofautobiographical memory across childhood and adolescence. In P. J. Bauer & R.Fivish (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook on The Development of Children’s Memory(p. 568-585). New York : Wiley.

• Fivush, R. (2019). Family narratives and the development of an autobiographicalself: Social and cultural perspectives on autobiographical memory. New York:Routledge.

• Fivush, R., & Nelson, K. (2004). Culture and language in the emergence ofautobiographical memory. Psychological Science, 15(9), 573-577. [ doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00722.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: style de réminiscenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K6QVNTDF-7

remote memory

→ long-term memory

repeated reproductionBT: retrievalMethod to study the evolution of a memory with time. The subject studiesa material (e.g., a text or a picture) and then must recall it at differentretention intervals.

• Bartlett, F. C. (1928). An experiment upon repeated reproduction. The Journal ofGeneral Psychology, 1(1), 54–63. [ doi:10.1080/00221309.1928.9923411. http://www.bartlett.psychol.cam.ac.uk/AnExpUponRepeRepro.htm ].

• Bartlett, F.C. (1920). Some experiments on the reproduction offolk stories, Folk-Lore, 31, 30-47. [ http://www.bartlett.psychol.cam.ac.uk/SomeExperimentsOn.htm ].

• Bartlett, F.C. (1932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and SocialPsychology. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: reproduction répétéeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KXC5280J-D

repetition effectBT: memory biasRT: distributed learningNT: Hebb effectIn some conditions, items are better memorized when they arerepeated.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de répétitionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L50FKCZQ-B

repetition enhancementBT: brainRT: · recognition task

· repetition suppressionIncrease in neural activity when a stimulus is repeated which could bean indicator of stimulus learning and recognition.

• Segaert, K., Weber, K., de Lange, F. P., Petersson, K. M., &Hagoort, P. (2013). The suppression of repetition enhancement: Areview of fMRI studies. Neuropsychologia, 51(1), 59-66. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.006 ].

PO: HumanFR: amélioration par répétitionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MRQVTH7Z-C

repetition inhibition

→ Ranschburg effect

repetition primingSyn: · direct priming

· identity primingBT: primingRT: repetition suppressionType of priming during which the initial treatment of a stimulus facilitatesits subsequent processing.

• Kristjánsson, Á., & Campana, G. (2010). Where perception meets memory:A review of repetition priming in visual search tasks. Attention, Perception, &Psychophysics, 72(1), 5#18. [ doi:10.3758/APP.72.1.5 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage par répétitionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WVM3WL9J-DEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_5521a45a397a6

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313996 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetition_priming [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0555657 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/repetition_priming [SAGE]

repetition suppressionBT: brainRT: · implicit memory

· repetition enhancement· repetition priming

Decline of nervous activity when a stimulus is repeated and observedin brain areas associated with the processing of that stimulus. Thisphenomenon could be an indicator of the stimulus storage.

• Desimone, R. (1996). Neural mechanisms for visual memory and their rolein attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(24),13494-13499. [ doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13494 ].

• Grill-Spector, K., Henson, R., & Martin, A. (2006). Repetition and the brain:neural models of stimulus-specific effects. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(1),14#23. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.11.006 ].

PO: HumanFR: suppression par répétitionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XPBD1MG8-9

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 127

REPISODIC MEMORY

repisodic memoryBT: memoryGeneric memory that is the result of a mixture of similar specificmemories (Neisser, 1981). Particular memories become harder to find,but appropriate cues may facilitate their retrieval.

• Neisser, U. (1981). John Dean’s memory: A case study. Cognition, 9(1), 1#22.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0277(81)90011-1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: souvenir répisodiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DQL4HX0L-3

reproductive inhibitionBT: forgettingRT: response competitionBlocking of a response to a memory cue by the retrieval of otherresponses associated to this cue.

• McGeoch, J. A. (1932). Forgetting and the law of disuse. Psychological Review,39(4), 352#370. [ doi:10.1037/h0069819 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: inhibition reproductiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W58M2SRN-D

respondent conditioning

→ classical conditioning

response biasSyn: response criterionBT: signal detection theoryIn signal detection theory applied to recognition memory, more or lessstrict criterion leading a subject to decide whether or not an item isrecognized.

PO: HumanDO: · Probability / Statistics

· PsychologyFR: biais de réponseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PPN0K9MN-H

response competitionBT: retrievalRT: · associative blocking

· forgetting· reproductive inhibition

Simultaneous activation of memories that compete as a response to acue

• McGeoch, J.A. (1942). The psychology of human learning: An introduction. NewYork : Longmans.

• Postman, L., & Underwood, B. J. (1973). Critical issues in interference theory.Memory & Cognition, 1(1), 19-40. [ doi:10.3758/BF03198064 ].

• Webb, L. W. (1917). Transfer of training and retroaction: A comparative study.The Psychological Monographs, 24(3), 1-90. [ doi:10.1037/h0093121 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: compétition des réponsesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T8D54BTV-N

response criterion

→ response bias

response inhibition

→ inhibitory control

response latency

→ reaction time

response signal procedureBT: recognition taskRT: SAT functionIn a recognition test, the subject is asked to recognize or not eachitem after a signal which the experimenter varies randomly the time ofoccurrence.

• Schouten, J. F., & Bekker, J. A. M. (1967). Reaction time and accuracy. ActaPsychologica, 27, 143-153. [ doi:10.1016/0001-6918(67)90054-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: procédure du signal de la réponseURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L2CD2BXT-Z

response time

→ reaction time

retention curve

→ forgetting curve

retention delay

→ retention interval

retention intervalSyn: retention delayBT: methodologyRT: storageTemporal interval between study phase and the test of memory.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: intervalle de rétentionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CHZJ0PXV-2

128 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

RETRIEVAL MODE

retrievalSyn: · memory retrieval

· memory searchBT: memoryRT: · cue depreciation effect

· extra-list cue· generate-recognize theory· HERA model· intra-list cue· perceptual interference effect· recall task· recognition task· retrieval effort hypothesis· retrieval practice· SAT function· serial order reconstruction task· SPI model· strategy· test-potentiated new learning· testing effect· tip-of-the-tongue· Tulving-Wiseman law· verbal association task

NT: · accessibility/availability· activation· explicit memory· implicit memory· involuntary memory· judgment of frequency· memory foraging· pattern completion· redintegration· reminiscence· repeated reproduction· response competition· retrieval effort· retrieval mode· retrieval orientation· retrieval success· retrieval-induced facilitation· self-limiting process

Processes by which a person recovers stored information in memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LWGNZJQ8-REQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0af94

[Cognitive Atlas]

retrieval effortBT: retrievalRT: episodic memoryRetrieval process in episodic memory, defined by Rugg and Wilding(2000) as " the mobilization of processing resources in service of aretrieval attempt"

• Rugg, M. D., & Wilding, E. L. (2000). Retrieval processing and episodicmemory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(3), 108-115. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01445-5 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effort de récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C9BT1X9X-M

retrieval effort hypothesisBT: theoryRT: retrievalRetention is enhanced with success to difficult memory tests comparedto easy memory tests.

• Pyc, M. A., & Rawson, K. A. (2009). Testing the retrieval effort hypothesis:Does greater difficulty correctly recalling information lead to higher levels ofmemory? Journal of Memory and Language, 60(4), 437#447. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2009.01.004 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypothèse de l'effort de récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SZ7ZWLT1-H

retrieval fluencyBT: processing fluencyNT: fluency heuristicSubjective experience of the ease with which information comes tomind when trying to find it in memory. Fluence of retrieval can be usedas a metacognitive cue, not always relevant, for the accuracy of theinformation recollected: the more retrieval is supposed to be easy, themore information would be correct.

• Benjamin, A. S., & Bjork, R. A. (1996). Retrieval fluency as a metacognitiveindex. In L. M. Reder (Ed.), Implicit Memory and Metacognition (p. 309-338).Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

• Benjamin, A. S., Bjork, R. A., & Schwartz, B. L. (1998). The mismeasureof memory: when retrieval fluency is misleading as a metamnemonicindex. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 127(1), 55#68.[ doi:10.1037//0096-3445.127.1.55 ].

• Kelley, C. M., & Rhodes, M. G. (2002). Making sense and nonsense ofexperience: Attributions in memory and judgment. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), ThePsychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 41, p. 293-320). San Diego, CA:Academic Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fluence de la récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N97QXR82-K

retrieval modeBT: retrievalRT: episodic memoryProcess in episodic memory retrieval that Rugg and Wilding (2000),following Tulving (1983), define as the appropriate cognitive state,maintained in a tonic manner, for retrieving episodic information.

• Rugg, M. D., & Wilding, E. L. (2000). Retrieval processing and episodicmemory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(3), 108#115. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01445-5 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mode de récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L907HGV5-T

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 129

RETRIEVAL ORIENTATION

retrieval orientationBT: retrievalRT: episodic memoryRetrieval process in episodic memory defined by Rugg & Wilding (2000)as the "specific form of the processing that is applied to a retrievalcue" (p. 108).

• Hornberger, M., Morcom, A., & Rugg, M. (2004). Neural correlates of retrievalorientation: effects of study–test similarity. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 16,1196#1210. [ doi:10.1162/0898929041920450 ].

• Rugg, M. D., & Wilding, E. L. (2000). Retrieval processing and episodicmemory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(3), 108#115. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01445-5 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: orientation de la récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JPHHCMKX-H

retrieval practiceBT: internal aidRT: · retrieval

· retrieval-induced facilitation· retrieval-induced forgetting· testing effect

Strategy of trying to remember learned information before the finalmemory test.

• Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice inlong-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(1), 20-27. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.003 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: pratique de la récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JD19VJZW-4

retrieval practice effect

→ testing effect

retrieval successBT: retrievalRT: · ecphory

· episodic memoryRetrieval process in episodic memory defined by Rugg and Wilding(2000) as "processes that are associated with, or depend upon,ecphory" (p. 108).

• Rugg, M. D., & Wilding, E. L. (2000). Retrieval processing and episodicmemory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(3), 108-115. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01445-5 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: succès de la récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DJ7W5S93-9

retrieval-enhanced suggestibilitySyn: reversed testing effetBT: suggestibilityAn immediate memory test of the facts may enhance suggestibility ineyewitnesses to subsequent misleading information.

• Chan, J. C., Thomas, A. K., & Bulevich, J. B. (2009). Recalling a witnessed eventincreases eyewitness suggestibility: The reversed testing effect. PsychologicalScience, 20(1), 66–73. [ doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02245.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: suggestibilité facilitée par la récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X5GGQ92X-X

retrieval-induced facilitationBT: retrievalRT: · retrieval practice

· retrieval-induced forgetting· testing effect

Testing the memory of a portion of a material facilitates retention andsubsequent retrieval of untested elements.

• Chan, J. C. K. (2009). When does retrieval induce forgetting and when doesit induce facilitation? Implications for retrieval inhibition, testing effect, and textprocessing. Journal of Memory and Language, 61(2), 153-170. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2009.04.004 ].

• Chan, J. C. K. (2010). Long-term effects of testing on the recall of nontestedmaterials. Memory, 18(1), 49-57. [ doi:10.1080/09658210903405737 ].

• Rowland, C. A., & DeLosh, E. L. (2014). Benefits of testing fornontested information: retrieval-induced facilitation of episodically boundmaterial. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21(6), 1516-1523. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-014-0625-2 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: facilitation induite par la récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KQJLJ4PK-X

retrieval-induced forgettingBT: incidental forgettingRT: · retrieval practice

· retrieval-induced facilitationNT: · recognition-induced forgetting

· socially shared retrieval-induced forgettingSelective retrieval of an information can temporally suppress or blockthe retrieval of associated information.

• Anderson, M. C., Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1994). Rememberingcan cause forgetting: Retrieval dynamics in long-term memory. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(5), 1063#1087.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.20.5.1063 ].

• Murayama, K., Miyatsu, T., Buchli, D., & Storm, B. C. (2014). Forgetting as aconsequence of retrieval: A meta-analytic review of retrieval-induced forgetting.Psychological Bulletin, 140(5), 1383#1409. [ doi:10.1037/a0037505 ].

• Verde, M. F. (2012). Retrieval-induced forgetting and inhibition: A critical review.In B. H. Ross (Éd.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 56, p. 47#80).New-York: Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394393-4.00002-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli induit par la récupérationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MRMWPGS8-PEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316945 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrieval-induced_forgetting[Wikipedia EN]

retrieval-mediated learning

→ testing effect

130 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

RETROSPECTIVE CONFIDENCE

retro-cue advantage

→ retro-cue effect

retro-cue benefit

→ retro-cue effect

retro-cue effectSyn: · retro-cue advantage

· retro-cue benefitBT: memory biasRT: · cue

· recognition task· short-term memory· visual memory

Effect observed when a cue, directing the subject's attention to an itemavailable in visual short-term memory, is presented during the retentioninterval. Compared to the absence of cue or the presence of a non-informative cue, the retro-cue improves recognition of items (faster andmore accurate responses).

• Griffin, I. C., & Nobre, A. C. (2003). Orienting attention to locations ininternal representations. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 15(8), 1176–1194.[ doi:10.1162/089892903322598139 ].

• Landman, R., Spekreijse, H., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2003). Large capacity storageof integrated objects before change blindness. Vision Research, 43(2), 149-164.[ doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00402-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de l'indice rétroactifURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KMDDKXXF-2

retroactive inhibition

→ retroactive interference

retroactive interferenceSyn: retroactive inhibitionBT: interferenceRT: · A-B, A-C learning task

· California Verbal Learning Test · forgetting· MMFR procedure· modified free recall procédure· Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis

NT: · associative unlearning· spontaneous recovery (memory)· temporal gradient of retroactive interference· transfer and retroaction surface

Interference of a task on the memory of a previous task, especially whenthere are similarities between the elements of the two tasks.

• McGeoch, J. A. (1932). Forgetting and the law of disuse. Psychological Review,39(4), 352#370. [ doi:10.1037/h0069819 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: interférence rétroactiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L24DSHB5-DEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0afab

[Cognitive Atlas]

retrograde amnesiaBT: amnesiaType of amnesia characterized by difficulty or inability to retrieveepisodic memories preceding the onset of the disease.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: amnésie rétrogradeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HSJ8MZRS-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193891 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_amnesia [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0000990 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/retrograde_amnesia [SAGE]

retrograde enhancement

→ retrograde facilitation

retrograde facilitationSyn: retrograde enhancementBT: episodic memoryObservation of memory enhancement for events that preceded theadministration of certain drugs (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, glucose,amphetamine).

• Wixted, J. T. (2010). The role of retroactive inteference and consolidation ineveryday forgetting. In S. Della Sala (Ed.), Forgetting (p. 285-312). Hove:Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: · Psychology

· PsychophysiologyFR: facilitation rétrogradeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MF7PGH5Q-C

retrospection biasBT: memory biasMemory bias when a memory complies with judgments, attitudes,evaluations, ideas or states of the subject at the time of recall.

• Conway, M., & Ross, M. (1984). Getting what you want by revising whatyou had. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(4), 738–748.[ doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.4.738 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais de rétrospectionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K8B8SFG1-9

retrospective confidenceBT: confidenceConfidence in a past response.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: confiance rétrospectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C056B958-F

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 131

RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY

retrospective memoryBT: episodic memoryMemory for past events.

• McBride, D. M., & Workman, R. A. (2017). Is prospective memory unique?A comparison of prospective and retrospective memory. In B. H. Ross (Éd.),Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 67, p. 213#238). New York:Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2017.03.007 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire rétrospectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M3TFFG9L-XEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317078 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrospective_memory [WikipediaEN]

revelation effectBT: spontaneous false memoryIn a recognition test, tendency to judge as old items that are altered,distorded, revealed by steps and must be discovered.

• Aßfalg, A., Bernstein, D. M., & Hockley, W. (2017). The revelation effect: A meta-analytic test of hypotheses. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(6), 1718#1741.[ doi:10.3758/s13423-017-1227-6 ].

• Brandt, M., Aßfalg, A., Zaiser, A.-K., & Bernstein, D. M. (2020). A computationalapproach to the revelation effect. Journal of Memory and Language, 112,104091. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2020.104091 ].

• Watkins, M. J., & Peynircioglu, Z. F. (1990). The revelation effect:When disguising test items induces recognition. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16(6), 1012#1020.[ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.16.6.1012 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de révélationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DBTDMRDP-B

reverse interference effectBT: proactive interferenceRT: · episodic memory

· free recall taskSubjects memorize two lists of word pairs of the type (D-B, A-C) or (A-B, A-C). When asked to freely recall the responses to the second list (Cwords), the subjects have a better recall for the words in the condition(A-B, A-C) than in the condition (D-B, A-C).

• Burns, D. J. (1989). Proactive interference: An individual-item versus relationalprocessing account. Journal of Memory and Language, 28(3), 345-359.[ doi:10.1016/0749-596X(89)90038-7 ].

• Thapar, A. (1996). Reverse-interference effect in free recall. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(2), 430-437.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.22.2.430 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet inversé de l'interférenceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZNSSKB5P-H

reversed subsequent memory effect

→ negative subsequent memory effect

reversed testing effet

→ retrieval-enhanced suggestibility

Ribot's lawBT: theoryRT: memory disorder"We thus see that the progressive destruction of memory followsa logical order — a law. It advances progressimly from theunstable to fhe stable. It begins with the most recent recollections,which, lightly impressed upon the nervous elements, rarely repeatedand consequently having no permanent associations, representorganization in its feeblest form. It ends with the sensorial, instinctivememory, which, become a permanent and integral part of the organism,represents organization in its most highly developed stage." (Ribot, Th.,Diseases of memory, 1881, p.120).

• Ribot, Th (1881). Les maladies de la mémoire. Paris : Alcan.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: loi de RibotURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R6T91FCL-0EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258349 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_de_Ribot [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribot's_law [Wikipedia EN]

rich false memory

→ implanted false memory

ROC curveSyn: · MOC function

· ROC function· isomnemonic function· memory operating characteristics· receiver operating characteristic curve

BT: signal detection theoryRT: · false alarm

· hit· recognition task

NT: zROC curveIn recognition experiments, curve crossing the cumulative proportion ofcorrect recognition with the cumulative proportion of false alarms forthe different levels of response criteria (most often, according to varioussubjective confidence levels of the subjects in their responses ).

• Yonelinas, A. P., & Parks, C. M. (2007). Receiver operating characteristics(ROCs) in recognition memory: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 133(5),800-832. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.800 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe ROCURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VQCR9NWW-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courbe_ROC [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0019233 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0019234 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/roc_curve[SAGE]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/receiver_operating_characteristic_curve [SAGE]

ROC function

→ ROC curve

132 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

RUNNING SPAN TASK

rotation letter taskBT: · complex span task

· spatial spanRT: visuo-spatial sketchpadComplex span task. Participants see increasing series of capital lettersin different orientations. Their task is to indicate whether the orientationof each letter is normal or its mirror image. At the end of a series, thesubject must remember the orientation of the letters. This task activitycombines spatial processing and storage of the positions of letters.

• Shah, P., & Miyake, A. (1996). The separability of working memory resourcesfor spatial thinking and language processing: an individual differencesapproach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125(1), 4#27.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.125.1.4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de rotation de lettresURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C7QGG8LC-Z

rumor mongering paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · autobiographical memory

· induced false memory· misinformation effect· misleading information· suggestibility

Method used to study the formation of false memories by spreading afalse rumor about an event. The crucial element is to analyse to whatextent this rumor integrates the memories of the event in question.

• Principe, G. F., Tinguely, A., & Dobkowski, N. (2007). Mixing memories:The effects of rumors that conflict with children’s experiences. Journal ofExperimental Child Psychology, 98(1), 1#19. [ doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2007.04.002 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de diffusion d’une rumeur URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W30C6BPD-N

running span taskBT: spanRT: · central executive

· working memory updatingMethod for measuring working memory capacity. Items are shown indifferent list lengths. The subjects do not know in advance the length ofthe lists. Their task is to remember the last n items in each lists. Thistask requires to evacuate the old elements in working memory and toupdate it with new items.

• Pollack, I., Johnson, L. B., & Knaff, P. R. (1959). Running memory span. Journalof experimental psychology, 57(3), 137. [ doi:10.1037/h0046137 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de running spanURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QR0GDSGN-J

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 133

SAM MODEL

SS shape learning curve

→ ogive learning curve

SAM modelBT: global matching modelRT: · episodic memory

· recall task· recognition task

SAM (Search for Associative Memory) is a mathematical modeldeveloped by Raaijmakers & Shiffrin (1981) and completed by Gillundand Shiffrin (1984), to simulate recall and recognition in episodicmemory.

• Gillund, G., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1984). A retrieval model for both recognition andrecall. Psychological Review, 91(1), 1-67. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.91.1.1 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: modèle SAMURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M2THQ0F7-T

sandwich effectBT: memory biasRT: · serial recall task

· short-term memorySerial recall is disrupted if irrelevant auditory elements are insertedbetween the elements to be retrieved.

• Hitch, G. J. (1975). The role of attention in visual and auditory suffix effects.Memory & Cognition, 3(5), 501–505. [ doi:10.3758/BF03197521 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet sandwichURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RK502HKX-5

SAT functionSyn: speed-accuracy trade-off functionBT: methodologyRT: · response signal procedure

· retrievalFunction describing the relationship between the speed of processing(for example, time to recognize an item) and memory accuracy (eg, theability to distinguish old items from new items in a recognition test).

• McElree, B., & Dosher, B. A. (1989). Serial position and set size in short-termmemory: The time course of recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 118(4), 346#373. [ doi:10.1037//0096-3445.118.4.346 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: fonction SATURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L4CZRTG5-8

saving methodBT: methodologyRT: · episodic memory

· implicit memoryMethod developed by Hermann Ebbinghaus (1885). It consists incomparing the relearning of a material with its initial learning.

• Ebbinghaus, H. (1885/2010). La mémoire : recherches de psychologieexperimentale (trad. S. Nicolas). Paris : L'harmattan.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode d'économieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LC14VV20-Z

Scale Independent Memory, Perception and Learning model

→ SIMPLE model

Scale Invariant Memory and Perceptual Learning model

→ SIMPLE model

schemaBT: semantic memoryRT: schema-based false memoryNT: · rationalization

· scriptSchemas are abstract mental representations that summarize andorganize in a structured way events, objects, situations or similarexperiences. Schemas, stored in long term memory, can analyze,select, organize and interpret new information. They thus serve as akind of model or frame to process information and direct behavior.

• Ghosh, V. E., & Gilboa, A. (2014). What is a memory schema? A historicalperspective on current neuroscience literature. Neuropsychologia, 53, 104-114.[ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.010 ].

• Gilboa, A., & Marlatte, H. (2017). Neurobiology of schemas and schema-mediated memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(8), 618#631. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.013 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: schémaURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SW4M15VJ-1EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b02c

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051200 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schéma_(psychologie_cognitive)[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema_(psychology) [WikipediaEN]

schema-based false memorySyn: schema-driven false memoryBT: inference-based false memoryRT: · schema

· semantic memoryFalse memories created from a schematic representation of an eventto fill gaps in memories.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: faux souvenir basé sur un schémaURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C8VF7FF8-5

134 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

SELECTIVE INTERFERENCE PARADIGM

schema-driven false memory

→ schema-based false memory

school knowledge

→ encyclopedic memory

scriptBT: schemaSchematic representation of situations by an organization ofsteroptyped sequences of actions.

• Berntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (2004). Cultural life scripts structure recall fromautobiographical memory. Memory & Cognition, 32(3), 427-442. [ doi:10.3758/BF03195836 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: scénarioURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CZSZD29Q-X

second-order conditioningSyn: higher-order conditioningBT: · classical conditioning

· methodologyA classic conditioning procedure in which, initially, a conditionedstimulus (e. g. a sound) is capable of producing a conditioned response(e. g. salivation of a dog) after being paired with an unconditionedstimulus (food). Then, the first conditioned stimulus is paired witha neutral stimulus (for example, the sound is associated with thepresentation of a light). Second order conditioning is established if thissecond stimulus then elicits the conditioned response (salivation).

• Rescorla, R. A. (1980). Pavlovian second-order conditioning. Hove: PsychologyPress.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: conditionnement de second ordreURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q35QWJJT-GEQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_conditioning

[Wikipedia EN]

second-order relational processingSyn: sensitivity of second-order relationsBT: configural processingRT: face memoryMode of information processing involved in face perception andrecognition, based on the distances between face features.

• Maurer, D., Grand, R. L., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configuralprocessing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(6), 255-260. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement des relations de second ordreURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WDNXPKV1-N

secondary distinctiveness effectSyn: extralist distinctiveness effectBT: distinctiveness effectRT: episodic memoryNT: · bizarreness effect

· orthographic distinctiveness effect Distinctiveness effect that occurs when an item is distinctive from theknowledge stored in long-term memory.

• Schmidt, S. R. (1991). Can we have a distinctive theory of memory? Memory &Cognition, 19(6), 523#542. [ doi:10.3758/BF03197149 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de distinctivité secondaireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TN6TBLNC-Z

secondary memory

→ long-term memory

selective attentionBT: attentionThe process of paying attention to stimuli that are relevant to a task andignoring those that are not.

• Maquestiaux, F. (2017). Psychologie de l’attention (2e éd.). Louvain-la-Neuve :De Boeck.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: attention sélectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-V1086TZP-CEQ: http://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b043/

[Cognitive Atlas]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/selective_attention [SAGE]

selective interference paradigmBT: dual task paradigmRT: · phonological loop

· visuo-spatial sketchpadExperimental paradigm in which a secondary task must be performedsimultaneously with a main task. The secondary task is an interferencesource for the main task when the two tasks involve the same type ofinformation (e.g., verbal information). The secondary task will not causeinterference to the primary task when the two tasks involve differentinformations (verbal information in a task and spatial information forthe other). This paradigm was used to justify the dissociation betweenphonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad in Baddeley's model ofworking memory.

• Shah, P., & Miyake, A. (1996). The separability of working memory resourcesfor spatial thinking and language processing: an individual differencesapproach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125(1), 4#27.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.125.1.4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme d’interférence sélectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WNFW5FQB-C

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 135

SELF-CHOICE EFFECT

self-choice effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryBetter memory for items choosen by the subject than items proposedby the experimenter.

• Watanabe, T., & Soraci, S. A. (2004). The self-choice effect from a multiple-cue perspective. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 11(1), 168–172. [ doi:10.3758/BF03206478 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du choix personnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T1KB34SC-R

self-defining memoryBT: autobiographical memoryAutobiographical memory of a strong personal importance to define whowe are. Self-defining memories are emotionally intense, detailed andvivid. They are the most representative of similar memories. They areregularly repeated and revolve around concerns and conflicts in ourlives.

• Blagov, P. S. S., Jefferson A. (2004). Four dimensions of self-defining memories(specificity, meaning, content, and affect) and their relationships to self-restraint,distress, and repressive defensiveness. Journal of Personality, 72(3), 481-512.[ doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00270.x ].

• Martinelli, P., & Piolino, P. (2009). Les souvenirs définissant le soi :dernier bastion de souvenirs épisodiques dans le vieillissement normal ?Psychologie & NeuroPsychiatrie du vieillissement, 7(3), 151#167. [ doi:10.1684/pnv.2009.0178 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: souvenir définissant le soiURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M564TH98-H

self-directed learningSyn: self-regulated learningBT: learningRT: episodic memoryType of learning in which the subject controls the order of study episodesand the flow of informations to memorize.

• Bjork, R. A., Dunlosky, J., & Kornell, N. (2013). Self-regulated learning: Beliefs,techniques, and illusions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 417#444.[ doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143823 ].

• Gureckis, T. M., & Markant, D. B. (2012). Self-Directed Learning: A cognitiveand computational perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5),464#481. [ doi:10.1177/1745691612454304 ].

• Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2007). The promise and perils of self-regulated study.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(2), 219#224. [ doi:10.3758/BF03194055 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage autodirigéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HF89W76C-LEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22908619 [Wikidata]

https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/self-directed_learning [SAGE]

self-limiting processBT: · forgetting

· retrievalThe process by which retrieving information from memory prevents theretrieval of other informations.

• Bjork, R. A., Bjork, E. L., & Caughey, B. J. (2007). Retrieval as a self-limitingprocess : Part II. In J. S. Nairne (Éd.), The Foundations of Remembering: Essaysin Honor of Henry L. Roediger, III (p. 19-37). New York: Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: processus auto-limitantURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TSKS85B6-L

self-memory modelBT: non-computational modelRT: autobiographical memoryPO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle de la mémoire du selfURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SHTZJ8WV-N

self-memory systemSyn: Conway's modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · autobiographical knowledge base

· autobiographical memory· conceptual self· working self

Model conceptualizing autobiographical memory as composed of anautobiographical knowledge base and a working-self.

• Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction ofautobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological review,107(2), 261#288. [ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.261 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: système de la mémoire du selfURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C77ZWH5V-0

Self-Ordered Pointing TestBT: methodologyRT: working memoryWorking memory task (Petrides & Milner, 1982). In each trial, subjectsare presented with the same series of stimuli, but arranged in a spatiallydifferent manner. The task is to point to a stimulus that was not pointedpreviously.

• Petrides, M., & Milner, B. (1982). Deficits on subject-ordered tasks afterfrontal- and temporal-lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia, 20(3), 249#262.[ doi:10.1016/0028-3932(82)90100-2 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: Self-Ordered Pointing TestURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NMNN52B4-7

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SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL

self-reference effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· levels of processingNT: · ownership effect

· self-reference recollection effectBetter memory when items are judged in reference to the self.

• Daury, N. (2012). Influence de l’autoréférence sur la mémoire épisodique. InS. Brédart & M. Van der Linden (Eds.), Identité et cognition : apports de lapsychologie et de la neuroscience cognitives (pp. 89–105). Bruxelles: De Boeck.

• Rogers, T. B., Kuiper, N. A., & Kirker, W. S. (1977). Self-reference and theencoding of personal information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,35(9), 677-688. [ doi:10.1037/0022-3514.35.9.677 ].

• Symons, C. S., & Johnson, B. T. (1997). The self-reference effectin memory: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 371#394.[ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.371 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de référence à soiURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MHT5S4XH-4EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268192 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-reference_effect [WikipediaEN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/self-reference_effect [SAGE]

self-reference recollection effectSyn: SRREBT: self-reference effectRT: recollectionA memory of an item encoded in reference to ourselves is associatedwith a subjective experience of recollection (conscious remembering ofthe context of memorization).

• Conway, M. A., & Dewhurst, S. A. (1995). The self and recollective experience.Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9(1), 1-19. [ doi:10.1002/acp.2350090102 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de référence à soi recollectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N06L3PVN-R

self-regulated learning

→ self-directed learning

SEM modelSyn: Start-End ModelBT: computational modelRT: · positional coding theory

· serial recall task· short-term memory

Computational model of serial recall in short-term memory (Henson,1998). The position of an item in a sequence is encoded according toits position relative to the start and the end of the list, resulting in theformation of an episodic token of the position after each presentationand repetition of the item. Serial recall is done by selecting the besttoken for each position from the positional coding as a cue.

• Henson, R. N. A. (1998). Short-term memory for serial order: The Start-EndModel. Cognitive Psychology, 36(2), 73-137. [ doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0685 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: modèle SEMURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JGD6169K-G

semantic blocking effectSyn: category interference effectBT: interferenceRT: semantic memoryLonger naming latency of pictures grouped by semantic category.

• Kroll, J. F., & Stewart, E. (1994). Category interference in translation andpicture naming: Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingualmemory representations. Journal of Memory and Language, 33(2), 149-174.[ doi:10.1006/jmla.1994.1008 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de regroupement sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q4X84MP3-1

semantic dementiaBT: memory disorderRT: semantic memoryType of dementia showing a progressive degradation of knowledgeabout facts, meaning of words, concepts, objects, thus affecting mainlysemantic memory in naming and word comprehension, categoricalfluency, word-image matching, semantic classification of words orimages... Speech remains fluent, grammatically correct; workingmemory, visuospatial skills, phonological processing, repetition ofwords are preserved. Recent autobiographical memories are betterremembered than autobiographical memories of a more distant past.

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: démence sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ND7CQTXD-1EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18587 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Démence_sémantique [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_dementia [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0334717 [MeSH]

semantic differentialBT: methodologyRT: semantic memoryEvaluation of the meaning of a concept using Likert scales with polaropposites (eg., sad-happy, heavy-light, good-bad, difficult-easy).

• Menahem, R. (1968). Le différenciateur sémantique. L’année psychologique,68(2), 451-465. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1968.27628. http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/psy_0003-5033_1968_num_68_2_27628 ].

• Osgood, C. E. (1952). The nature and measurement of meaning. PsychologicalBulletin, 49(3), 197-237. [ doi:10.1037/h0055737 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: différenciateur sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T5JD2XJT-PEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662954 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Échelle_sémantique_différentielle[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_differential [WikipediaEN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0019626 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/semantic_differential [SAGE]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 137

SEMANTIC DISTANCE

semantic distanceSyn: semantic similarityBT: semantic memoryLevel of proximity of concepts in semantic memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: distance sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TFS69V6F-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914 [Wikidata]

semantic featureSyn: · attribute

· semantic property· seme

BT: semantic memoryPrimitive component of the meaning of a concept. A concept isdescribed by a list of features. Semantic features allow to assess thesimilarity and difference between concepts.

PO: HumanDO: · Linguistics

· PsychologyFR: trait sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZGVGSV5H-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_feature [Wikipedia EN]

semantic fluency

→ conceptual fluency

semantic knowledge

→ semantic memory

semantic memorySyn: · conceptual knowledge

· conceptual memory· conceptual system· generic memory· propositional memory· semantic knowledge

BT: declarative memoryRT: · Baker/baker paradox

· basic level· categorization· category size effect· category-specific semantic deficit· conceptual structure account· distributional hypothesis· exemplar theories· fan effect· feature comparison model· generation effect· hub and spoke model· latent semantic analysis· lexical decision task· life script· MNESIS model· noetic consciousness· permastore effect· proper name anomia· reconstrutive memory· schema-based false memory

· semantic blocking effect· semantic dementia· semantic differential· semantic network· semantic priming· semantic satiation· semantic space· semantic verbal fluency test· sensory/functional theory· sentence verification task· SPI model· true-false effect· verbal association task

NT: · amodal representation· encyclopedic memory· memory foraging· mental lexicon· modal representation· personal semantic memory· prior knowledge· schema· semantic distance· semantic feature· semantic prospection· semantization· typicality

Long-term memory specialized in knowledge of the world (words,concepts, facts ...) independent of the space-time acquisition context.

• Eysenck, M. W. (2015). Semantic mermory and stored knowledge. In A. D.Baddeley, M. C. Anderson, & M. W. Eysenck (Eds.), Memory (Second Edition.,p. 165#193). Hove: Psychology Press.

• Snowden, J. S. (2015). Semantic Memory. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), InternationalEncyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition) (p.572#578). Oxford: Elsevier.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L02857LC-7EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b083

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_sémantique [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_memory [Wikipedia EN]

138 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

SEMANTIC SHORT-TERM MEMORY

semantic networkBT: computational modelRT: · cognitive economy

· node· semantic memory· spreading activation

NT: small-world networkModels of concept organization in semantic memory. Concepts arerepresented by nodes in the network and the relations betweenconcepts are represented by links (or arcs).

• Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activationtheory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407–428.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407 ].

• Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. (1969). Retrieval time from semantic memory.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8(2), 240–247. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80069-1. Traduit dans Nicolas, S., & Piolino, M. P. (2010).Anthologie de psychologie cognitive de la mémoire : fonctionnalisme etstructuralisme. Bruxelles: De Boeck Supérieur. ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: réseau sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JK6SBS9M-3EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_51838baad343e

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045785 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réseau_sémantique [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_network [Wikipedia EN]

semantic primingSyn: conceptual primingBT: primingRT: · prime-task effect

· semantic memoryNT: · hyperpriming

· mediated primingType of priming during which the processing of a word is facilitated bythe prior processing of a semantically-related word.

• McNamara, T. P. (2005). Semantic priming: Perspectives from memory and wordrecognition. Hove: Psychology Press.

• McNamara, T. P. (2013). Semantic memory and priming. In A. F. Healy, R. W.Proctor, & I. B. Weiner (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, Vol. 4: Experimentalpsychology (2nd ed.). (pp. 449–471). Hoboken, NJ US: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

• Meyer, D. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1971). Facilitation in recognizing pairsof words: Evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations. Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 90(2), 227-234. [ doi:10.1037/h0031564 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S38MFW7P-4EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_5521a51034353

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_5521a2aa5b127[Cognitive Atlas]

semantic property

→ semantic feature

semantic prospectionBT: semantic memoryAptitude to imagine future non personal facts and conceptualknowledge.

• Atance, C. M., & O’Neill, D. K. (2001). Episodic future thinking. Trends inCognitive Sciences, 5(12), 533-539. [ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01804-0 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: pensée future sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D7JMLKQL-B

semantic proximity effectBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· free recall taskTendency to recall together list items sharing common semanticfeatures.

• Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (2002). When does semantic similarityhelp episodic retrieval? Journal of Memory and Language, 46(1), 85–98.[ doi:10.1006/jmla.2001.2798 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de proximité sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q7457568-Z

semantic satiationBT: memory biasRT: semantic memoryFeeling of losing the meaning of a word when it is repeated quickly andmany times.

• Jakobovits, L. A., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). Mediated satiation in verbal transfer.Journal of experimental psychology, 64(4), 346. [ doi:10.1037/h0044630 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: satiété sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VPXZ357C-0EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q226007 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satiation_sémantique [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_satiation [Wikipedia EN]

semantic self-knowledge

→ personal semantic memory

semantic short-term memorySyn: semantic working memoryBT: short-term memoryRT: working memorySub-component of working memory with limited capacity for temporarystorage and processing of the meaning of words. In particular,semantic short-term memory would play an important role in sentencecomprehension.

• Martin, R. C., Shelton, J. R., & Yaffee, L. S. (1994). Language processingand working memory: Neuropsychological evidence for separate phonologicaland semantic capacities. Journal of Memory and Language, 33(1), 83#111.[ doi:10.1006/jmla.1994.1005 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire à court terme sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RCPPRH1J-Q

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 139

SEMANTIC SPACE

semantic similarity

→ semantic distance

semantic spaceBT: computational modelRT: semantic memoryMultidimensional space used to represent word meanings

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: espace sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MR1BSSVH-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39045939 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_space [Wikipedia EN]

semantic verbal fluency testBT: methodologyRT: · central executive

· semantic memoryThe subject is asked to generate, in a given time, the largest numberof words belonging to a semantic category (for example, the categoryof animals).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: test de fluence verbale sémantiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BJ3M9Z3J-H

semantic working memory

→ semantic short-term memory

sémantique personnelle

→ personal semantic memory

semantizationBT: · episodic memory

· semantic memoryDecontextualizing process of episodic memories with the passage oftime.

• Brewer W. What is autobiographical memory? In: Rubin DC, editor.Autobiographical Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1986. pp.25–49.

• Cermak, L.S. (1984).The episodic semantic distinction in amnesia. In SquireL.R., & Butters N. (Eds). The Neuropsychology of Memory (pp. 55-62). NewYork: The Guilford Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: sémantisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DVHMMSP5-C

seme

→ semantic feature

sensitivity of second-order relations

→ second-order relational processing

sensitivity to first-order relations

→ first-order relational processing

sensitizationBT: · non associative learning

· non declarative memoryIncrease in the frequency or amplitude of a response to a new stimulus.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: sensibilisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NDS4MGVJ-PEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22294927 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization [Wikipedia EN]

sensorimotor recruitment

→ sensory recruitment

sensory memorySyn: sensory registerBT: storageRT: · modal model of memory

· partial report taskNT: · echoic memory

· haptic memory· iconic memory· perceptual span

A sensory storage system with a very short duration (a few milliseconds)preceding the short-term memory, wherein the information deterioratevery quickly.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire sensorielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GLK4Q9X5-7EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b09a

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080996 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registre_sensoriel [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_memory [Wikipedia EN]

sensory preconditioningBT: classical conditioningAn association is acquired without reinforcement between twocontiguous stimuli before conditioning. A response to a stimulus is thenacquired by conditioning and can be generalized to the other stimulus.

• Brogden, W. J. (1939). Sensory pre-conditioning. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology, 25(4), 323#332. [ doi:10.1037/h0058944 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: préconditionnement sensorielURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N0900M0V-9EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451138 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_preconditioning [WikipediaEN]

140 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

SERIAL ORDER INTRUSION

sensory reactivation hypothesisBT: theoryRT: · brain

· false memoryHypothesis that sensory brain regions activated during encoding arereactivated during the retrieval of memories. This phenomenon woulddistinguish true from false memories, retrieving the first ones reactivatesthe sensory areas associated with experienced events.

• Slotnick, S. D., & Schacter, D. L. (2004). A sensory signature that distinguishestrue from false memories. Nature Neuroscience, 7(6), 664#672. [ doi:10.1038/nn1252 ].

• Slotnick, S. D., & Schacter, D. L. (2006). The nature of memory related activityin early visual areas. Neuropsychologia, 44(14), 2874#2886. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.021 ].

PO: HumanFR: hypothèse de la réactivation sensorielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-F621JLHV-V

sensory recruitmentSyn: sensorimotor recruitmentBT: non-computational modelRT: working memorySensory recruitment models of working memory postulate that the short-term retention of stimuli activates the same brain systems as thoseinvolved in their sensory processing.

• D’Esposito, M. (2007). From cognitive to neural models of working memory.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,362(1481), 761-772. [ doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2086 ].

• Postle, B. R. (2006). Working memory as an emergent property of the mind andbrain. Neuroscience, 139(1), 23-38. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.005 ].

PO: HumanFR: recrutement sensorielURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TGCRZ1ND-T

sensory register

→ sensory memory

sensory/functional theoryBT: connectionismRT: semantic memoryConcepts are organized in semantic memory according to their sensoryor functional properties. The distinction between living things dependson their perceptual features while the distinction between nonlivingthings depends on their functional features.

• Farah, M. J., & McClelland, J. L. (1991). A computational model ofsemantic memory impairment: modality specificity and emergent categoryspecificity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120(4), 339.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.120.4.339 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie sensorielle/fonctionnelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TPN2MF9T-1

sentence superiority effectBT: memory biasRT: · short-term memory

· verbal memoryIn short-term memory, a list of words is remembered better when theyare presented as a sentence rather than as a non-grammatical list.

• Brener, R. (1940). An experimental investigation of memory span. Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 26(5), 467#482. [ doi:10.1037/h0061096 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de supériorité des phrasesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JSLM8LFP-1

sentence verification taskBT: methodologyRT: · category size effect

· semantic memory· true-false effect

Study method of semantic memory. Subjects must judge whether thesentences presented to them are true or false.

• Clark, H. H., & Chase, W. G. (1972). On the process ofcomparing sentences against pictures. Cognitive Psychology, 3(3), 472#517.[ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90019-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de vérification de phrasesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L868RB6Z-R

Serial Order in a Box – Complex Span

→ SOB-CS model

serial order intrusionSyn: protrusion effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryAfter memorizing a list A of items and then a list B, type of error thatoccurs when subjects, remembering the list B, replace an item in the listB with an item from the list A that occupies the same serial position.

• Conrad, R. (1960). Serial order intrusions in immediate memory. British Journalof Psychology, 51(1), 45-48. [ doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1960.tb00723.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: intrusion de l'ordre sérielURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HHS0L80X-Z

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 141

SERIAL ORDER RECONSTRUCTION TASK

serial order reconstruction taskSyn: serial reconstruction taskBT: methodologyRT: retrievalShort-term serial memory task. Subjects study a list of items (suchas words) presented one after the other. Then, all the words arerepresented in random order and subjects must reconstruct the initialpresentation order.

• Healy, A. F. (1974). Separating item from order information in short-term memory.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(6), 644-655. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(74)80052-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reconstruction de l'ordre sérielURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XRSWLJRQ-W

serial position curve

→ serial position effect

serial position effectSyn: serial position curveBT: memory biasRT: recall taskNT: · backward serial position curve

· forward serial position curve· functional serial position curve· primacy effect· recency effect

In an immediate recall task, different recall rates depending on theposition of items in the studied list (primacy and recency effect).

• Deese, J., & Kaufman, R. A. (1957). Serial effects in recall of unorganizedand sequentially organized verbal material. Journal of Experimental Psychology,54(3), 180#187. [ doi:10.1037/h0040536 ].

• Jahnke, J. C. (1963). Serial position effects in immediate serial recall. Journalof Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 2(3), 284–287. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(63)80095-X ].

• Murdock Jr., B. B. (1962). The serial position effect of free recall. Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 64(5), 482–488. [ doi:10.1037/h0045106 ].

• Nipher, F. E. (1878). On the distribution of errors in numbers written frommemory. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 3, CCX#CCXI.Reproduced in Stigler, S. M. (1978). Some forgotten work on memory.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(1), 1–4.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.1.1 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de position sérielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W1GDT3WH-1EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426477 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial-position_effect [WikipediaEN]

serial recall taskBT: recall taskRT: · associative chaining

· auditory deviant effect · fill-in effect· grouping effect· Hebb effect· Hunter-McCrary hypothesis· interresponse time· irrelevant sound effect· irrelevant speech effect· lag-recency effect· language familiarity effect· lexicality effect· OSCAR model· phonological neighbourhood effect· phonological similarity effect· positional coding theory· primacy model· Ranschburg effect· sandwich effect· SEM model· transposition error

In a serial recall test, the subject must recall the items in their order ofpresentation during the study phase.

• Hurlstone, M. J., Hitch, G. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2014). Memory for serial orderacross domains: An overview of the literature and directions for future research.Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 339-373. [ doi:10.1037/a003422 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de rappel sérielURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JB1Z9TF3-H

serial recognition taskBT: recognition taskRecognition task in which the subject has to recognize the order ofitems.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reconnaissance sérielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XNLQCLLB-9

serial reconstruction task

→ serial order reconstruction task

serial reproductionBT: recall taskParticipants are asked to transmit information from one to the other (therecall of information by the first person becomes the study material ofthe second person and so on).

• Bartlett, F.C. (1920). Some experiments on the reproduction offolk stories, Folk-Lore, 31, 30-47. [ http://www.bartlett.psychol.cam.ac.uk/SomeExperimentsOn.htm ].

• Bartlett, F.C. (1932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and SocialPsychology. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

• Kirkpatrick, C. (1932). A tentative study in experimental social psychology.American Journal of Sociology, 38(2), 194-206.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: reproduction sérielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C37Z6T0W-B

142 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

SHORT-TERM MEMORY

serial searchBT: theoryRT: · recognition task

· short-term memory· Sternberg task

Theory of retrieval formulated by Sternberg (1966) postulating anexhaustive search in short-term memory. This research would beserially performed, item by item.

• Sternberg, S. (1966). High-speed scanning in human memory. Science,153(3736), 652-654. [ doi:10.1126/science.153.3736.652 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: recherche sérielleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RZQ6FW2V-NEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b0c8

[Cognitive Atlas]

severely deficient autobiographical memoryBT: memory disorderRT: · autobiographical memory

· episodic memoryInability to remember and re-experience autobiographical episodicdetails observed in healthy subjects who live otherwise normally.

• Palombo, D. J., Alain, C., Söderlund, H., Khuu, W., & Levine, B. (2015).Severely deficient autobiographical memory (SDAM) in healthy adults: Anew mnemonic syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 72, 105-118. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.012 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: mémoire autobiographique gravement déficienteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MCG7SZN3-Z

short-term consolidationBT: storageRT: · attention

· consolidation· short-term memory· working memory

Process by which memory traces in short-term memory become moredurable and resistant to forgetting.

• Jolicœur, P., & Dell’Acqua, R. (1998). The demonstration of short-term consolidation. Cognitive Psychology, 36(2), 138#202. [ doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0684 ].

• Ricker, T. (2015). The role of short-term consolidation in memory persistence.AIMS Neuroscience, 2(4), 259#279. [ doi:10.3934/Neuroscience.2015.4.259 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: consolidation à court termeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KQ89GBZF-L

short-term memorySyn: · active memory

· echo box· immediate memory· primary memory· short-term retention· short-term storage· short-term store

BT: storageRT: · acid bath theory

· articulatory suppression· auditory deviant effect

· bilateral field advantage· Brown-Peterson task· California Verbal Learning Test · choice blindness effect· continuous reproduction task· dual-probe recognition task · global recognition task· irrelevant sound effect· irrelevant speech effect· language familiarity effect· lexicality effect· local recognition task· missing scan task· modal model of memory· modality effect· OSCAR model· phonological neighbourhood effect· phonological similarity effect· prefix effect· recency effect· recognition span· rehearsal· retro-cue effect· sandwich effect· SEM model· sentence superiority effect· serial search· short-term consolidation· span· Sternberg task· temporal isolation effect· Wechsler Memory Scale· word length effect

NT: · buffer memory· chunck· conceptual short-term memory· fragile visual short-term memory· semantic short-term memory

Storage system of information with a limited capacity, a short duration(a few seconds) and a fast deterioration of its content.

• Cowan, N. (2008). What are the differences between long-term, short-term, andworking memory? In W. Sossin, J.-C. Lacaille, V. F. Castelucci, & S. Belleville(Eds.), Progress in Brain Research: The Essence of Memory (Vol. 169, p. 323–338).

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire à court termeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QZRTL2B1-9EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b0f7

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18599 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_à_court_terme [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_memory [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0013350 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/short-term_memory [SAGE]

short-term retention

→ short-term memory

short-term semantic memory

→ conceptual short-term memory

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 143

SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

short-term storage

→ short-term memory

short-term store

→ short-term memory

sigmoid learning curve

→ ogive learning curve

signal detection theoryBT: methodologyRT: · memory strength

· single-process models of recognition memoryNT: · d' index

· false alarm· hit· response bias· ROC curve

Mathematical model used to study the performance of recognitionmemory. In a recognition task, SDT allows to assess the ability ofsubjects to discriminate between old (studied) and new items andthe strategy used to make their decision (response bias or responsecriterion).

• Banks, W. P. (1970). Signal detection theory and human memory. PsychologicalBulletin, 74(2), 81-99. [ doi:10.1037/h0029531 ].

• Wixted, J. T. (2020). The forgotten history of signal detection theory. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 46(2), 201#233.[ doi:10.1037/xlm0000732 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théorie de la détection du signalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VDVMXXP9-CEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detection_theory [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0026676 [MeSH]

similarity paradox

→ Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis

SIMPLE modelSyn: · Scale Independent Memory, Perception and

Learning model· Scale Invariant Memory and Perceptual Learningmodel

BT: computational modelRT: · distinctiveness

· episodic memoryComputational model of memory with local distinctiveness. In SIMPLE,information retrieval is independent of the time scale. Therefore, themodel applies both to short-term and to long-term memory.

• Brown, G. D. A., Neath, I., & Chater, N. (2007). A temporalratio model of memory. Psychological Review, 114(3), 539#576.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.539 ].

• Neath, I., & Brown, G. D. A. (2006). SIMPLE: Further applications ofa local distinctiveness model of memory. In Psychology of Learning andMotivation (Vol. 46, p. 201#243). New-York: Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(06)46006-0 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: modèle SIMPLEURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JXKLJJPB-X

simple reaction timeBT: reaction timeIn a simple reaction time task, the subject must respond as quicklyas possible to a class of stimuli (for example, by pressing a key on akeyboard when a sound appears).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: temps de réaction simpleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W14C8G63-5

simple spanBT: spanRT: spatial spanNT: · Corsi task

· movement span· verbal span

Span task during which sujects are required to temporarily maintaina series of items (digits, words, spatial positions...) without any otherconcurrent cognitive activity.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan simpleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T150JWQ4-N

simulation model

→ computational model

simultaneous acquisition effect

→ simultaneous learning effect

simultaneous acquisition retention phenomenon

→ simultaneous learning effect

144 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

SKILL ACQUISITION

simultaneous conditioningBT: methodologyRT: classical conditioningProcedure in classical conditioning in which the conditioned stimulusand the unconditioned stimulus, of equal duration, are presented at thesame time.

• Doré, F.-Y., & Mercier, P. (1992). Les fondements de l’apprentissage et de lacognition. Lille: Presses Universitaires de Lille.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: conditionnement simultanéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PQ15XNDV-B

simultaneous learning effectSyn: · simultaneous acquisition effect

· simultaneous acquisition retention phenomenonBT: memory biasRT: · episodic memory

· forgetting· free recall task

The recall of a list of words acquired at the same time as one ormore other lists is better than the recall of this list when it is acquiredseparately. Similarly, the forgetting rate of a list is lower in case ofsimultaneous acquisition compared to separate acquisition.

• Burns, D. J. (2004). The simultaneous acquisition effect: simultaneous tasklearning inhibits memory for order. The American Journal of Psychology, 117(2),229#248. [ doi:10.2307/4149024 ].

• Burns, D. J., & Ladd, M. V. (2006). The simultaneous learning effect: Whydoes simultaneous task learning improve retention? The American journal ofpsychology, 119(3), 385–405. [ doi:10.2307/20445350 ].

• Underwood, B. J., & Lund, A. M. (1979). Retention differences as afunction of the number of verbal lists learned simultaneously. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5(2), 151-159.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.5.2.151 ].

• Underwood, B. J., & Lund, A. M. (1980). Process similarity and the simultaneousacquisition retention phenomenon. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 16(5),325#328. [ doi:10.3758/BF03329556 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de l'apprentissage simultanéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GGX8LN2N-2

single-process models of recognition memoryBT: computational modelRT: · recognition task

· signal detection theoryIn these models, based on signal detection theory, recognition of items isbased on a familiarity judgment according to a decision criterion. Whenfamilarity is above this criterion, items are judged old. When familiarityis are below this criterion, items are judged new.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèles à processus unique de la reconnaissanceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HBGV2X07-T

size congruency effectBT: memory biasRT: recognition taskThe performance of recognition is better when the size of the stimuli isthe same during the study and testing.

• Rajaram, S. (1996). Perceptual effects on remembering: recollective processesin picture recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning,Memory, and Cognition, 22(2), 365#377. [ doi:10.1037//0278-7393.22.2.365 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la congruence de la tailleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KLV0GZDD-H

Skaggs-Robinson hypothesisSyn: similarity paradoxBT: theoryRT: retroactive interferenceHypothesis about the level of retroactive interference depending on thedegree of similarity between the original learning and a second memorytask. When both tasks are identical, or nearly identical, the retentionof the initial learning would reach a high level. When the two memorytasks are similar to an intermediate extent, the original learning retentionwould be low. When the two memory tasks are different, the originallearning retention would be better, but without reaching the highest level(Robinson, 1927; Skaggs, 1925).

• Robinson, E. S. (1927). The “similarity” factor in retroaction. The AmericanJournal of Psychology, 39(1/4), 297-312. [ doi:10.2307/1415419 ].

• Skaggs, E. . (1925). Further studies in retroactive inhibition.Psychology Monographs, 34(8), 1-60. [ https://archive.org/details/psychologicalmon348ameruoft ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypothèse de Skaggs-RobinsonURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KC2WLH2Z-9

skill acquisitionSyn: · procedural learning

· skill learningBT: learningRT: · mirror learning

· procedural memoryImprovement of the ease with which a task is performed over trials.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: acquisition d’une habiletéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PWG42CLB-T

skill learning

→ skill acquisition

Skinnerian conditioning

→ operant conditioning

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 145

SLEEPER EFFECT

sleeper effectBT: memory biasIn some cicumstances, a message produced by a low credible sourcebecomes more peruasive over time.

• Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibilityon communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15(4), 635-650.[ doi:10.1086/266350 ].

• Kumkale, G. T., & Albarracin, D. (2004). The sleeper effect inpersuasion: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 130(1), 143-172.[ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.143 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'assoupissementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FKDSR7KN-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849921 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_d'assoupissement [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeper_effect [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/sleeper_effect [SAGE]

small-world networkBT: semantic networkModel of semantic memory wherein concepts are organized intonetworks having the characteristics of a small-world: firstly, there areclusters in which the concepts are densely interconnected by semanticrelations and secondly, two concepts belonging to distant clusters canbe connected by a short path of semantic relations, with some conceptsin clusters playing the role of hubs.

• Steyvers, M., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2005). The large-scale structure of semanticnetworks: Statistical analyses and a model of semantic growth. Cognitivescience, 29(1), 41–78. [ doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2901_3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: réseau du petit mondeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QQG0VLT7-7EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840026 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Étude_du_petit_monde [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-world_network [WikipediaEN]

SOA

→ stimulus-onset asynchrony

SOB-CS modelSyn: Serial Order in a Box – Complex SpanBT: connectionismRT: complex span taskConnectionist model of the complex span explaining the limitations ofworking memory capacity by inference mechanisms.

• Oberauer, K., Lewandowsky, S., Farrell, S., Jarrold, C., & Greaves, M.(2012). Modeling working memory: An interference model of complexspan. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19(5), 779-819. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0272-4 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: modèle SOB-CSURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QL3S1BKP-5

social contagion of memory

→ memory conformity

social learningBT: learningRT: deferred imitationThe acquisition of information, behavior or modification of behavior asa result of social interactions with other congeners.

• Bandura, A. (1980). L’apprentissage social. Liège : Mardaga

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: · Ethology· Psychology

FR: apprentissage socialURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R5W2D7JC-4EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000600210 [MeSH]

https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/social_learning [SAGE]

social working memoryBT: working memoryTemporary storage and manipulation of social information.

• Meyer, M. L., & Lieberman, M. D. (2012). Social working memory: neurocognitivenetworks and directions for future research. Frontiers in Cognition, 3, 571.[ doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00571. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00571/full ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire de travail socialeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P4P8T47T-D

socially shared retrieval-induced forgettingBT: retrieval-induced forgettingSelective retrieval of information during a discussion can induceforgetting of related information. This phenomenon manifests itselfboth in the person who speaks and in the person who listens to theconversation.

• Cuc, A., Koppel, J., & Hirst, W. (2007). Silence is not golden: A case forsocially shared retrieval-induced forgetting. Psychological Science, 18(8), 727733. [ doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01967.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli induit par la récupération socialement

partagéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZM6L4SPX-2

source amnesiaBT: amnesiaType of amnesia characterized by a deficit in the memory of the sourceof information (where, when, how).

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: amnésie de la sourceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NQVM5SSV-FEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614488 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_amnesia [Wikipedia EN]

146 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

SPACING EFFECT

source attribution errorSyn: source confusionBT: false memoryRT: cryptomnesiaError of attributing a wrong source of information to a memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: erreur d'attribution de la sourceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L2KVVW09-1

source confusion

→ source attribution error

source memoryBT: episodic memoryRT: · recollection without remembering

· source overdistributionMemory of the origin of information (where, who, when, how).

• Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring.Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 3-29. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire de la sourceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CVFJZQV0-TEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b18f

[Cognitive Atlas]

source monitoringBT: procedural metamemoryRT: episodic memoryAssigning an external (perceptual origins) or internal (thoughts) originto our memories.

• Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring.Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 3–29. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: contrôle de la sourceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RZ9DQJMH-HEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b19b

[Cognitive Atlas]

source overdistributionBT: memory biasRT: source memoryError of attributing two sources to an event.

• Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., Holliday, R. E., & Nakamura, K. (2012).Overdistribution in source memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(2), 413-439. [ doi:10.1037/a0025645 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: surdistribution de la sourceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M3W9XWPJ-Z

spaced learning

→ distributed learning

spaced retrievalBT: cognitive rehabilitationMethod for the rehabilitation of memory disorders, particularly in patientswith dementia of Alzheimer's type, allowing the acquisition of newinformation (Camp, 1989). The principle of the method is as follows:the subjects' memory is evaluated by gradually increasing the retentioninterval between two tests. When a retrieval failure occurs, the retentioninterval is reduced to the previous interval that resulted in a correctrecall. Then the interval is increased again until a correct recall occurs.The procedure is therefore adapted according to the performance of thesubjects.

• Hochhalter, A. K., Overmier, J. B., Gasper, S. M., Bakke, B. L., & Holub, R.J. (2005). A comparison of spaced retrieval to other schedules of practicefor people with dementia. Experimental Aging Research, 31(2), 101#118.[ doi:10.1080/03610730590914976 ].

PO: HumanFR: récupération espacéeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SGBP127S-4EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaced_retrieval [Wikipedia EN]

spacing effectBT: distributed practice effectRT: distributed learningWhere items are repeated in a list, those which are not consecutivelyrepeated (spaced) are better recalled than those which are repeatedconsecutively.

• Gerbier, É., & Koenig, O. (2015). Comment les intervalles temporels entreles répétitions d’une information en influencent-ils la mémorisation ? Revuethéorique des effets de pratique distribuée. L’Année psychologique, 115(3),435#462. [ doi:10.4074/S0003503315000159 ].

• Perruchet, P. (1987). Pourquoi apprend-on mieux quand les répétitionssont espacées ? Une évaluation des réponses contemporaines. L’annéePsychologique, 87(2), 253–272. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1987.29203 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'espacementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RB2NMVR4-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1095859 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_d'espacement [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacing_effect [Wikipedia EN]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 147

SPAN

spanBT: methodologyRT: · memory capacity

· short-term memory· Wechsler Memory Scale· working memory

NT: · complex span task· conceptual span· recognition span· running span task· simple span· spatial span

Measure of storage capacity in short-term memory or working memory.It corresponds to the largest number of items that the subject is able torecall immediately, usually respecting the order of presentation.

• Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: Areconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences,24(1), 87#114. [ doi:10.1017/S0140525X01003922 ].

• Jacobs, J. (1887). Experiments on « prehension ». Mind, (45), 75–79.• Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits

on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81#97.[ doi:10.1037/h0043158 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empanURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-W95Z5S37-2EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355122 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_span [Wikipedia EN]

spatial memorySyn: · location memory

· place memoryBT: memoryRT: · Corsi task

· dentate gyrus· entorhinal cortex· episodic memory· exclusivity effect· Fröhlich effect· grid cell· hippocampus· onset repulsion effect· Papez circuit· place cell· spatial span· topographical memory loss· Wechsler Memory Scale

NT: · cognitive map· visuo-spatial sketchpad

A generic term for the memory of both egocentic (relative to the subject'slocation) and allocentric (the position of an object relative to anotherobject or location) spatial information.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire spatialeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RG2FNC5H-BEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b1d5

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560550 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_spatiale [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_memory [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0591471 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/spatial_memory [SAGE]

spatial spanBT: spanRT: · complex span task

· simple span· spatial memory· working memory

NT: · Corsi task· rotation letter task· symmetry span

Measure of the capacity of spatial short-term memory or visuo-spatialworking memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan spatialURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J5TWXW3H-Q

speed-accuracy trade-off function

→ SAT function

Sperling's paradigm

→ partial report task

SPI modelBT: non-computational modelRT: · coding

· episodic memory· retrieval· semantic memory· storage

The SPI model (for Serial, Parallel, Independent) is based on theidea that memory is composed of several hierarchically organizedsystems (Tulving, 1995). In addition, the model clarifies the functionalrelationships between these systems. 1. The encoding is assumed to beserial, coding in a system is dependent on the successful coding in theprevious system; 2. The information is stored in parallel in the differentsystems; 3. The information retrieval in a system is independent of theretrieval in the other systems.

• Tulving, E. (1995). Organization of memory: Quo vadis? In M. S. Gazzaniga(Ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences (p. 753-847). Cambridge, MA: The MITPress.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle SPIURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GWCFKSRW-9

spin listBT: methodologyTechnique used to study serial learning and recall. The subjectsmemorize the same list of items on several tests. The starting pointof the list varies from one test to another (for example, ABCDEF, thenCDEFAB).

• Ebenholtz, S. M. (1963). Position mediated transfer between serial learning anda spatial discrimination task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(6), 603–608. [ doi:10.1037/h0040458 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: liste en roueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H6MW587M-J

148 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

STATE-DEPENDENT MEMORY

spontaneous false memoryBT: false memoryRT: · associative-activation theory

· category repetition paradigm · DRM paradigm· implicit associative response· prototype effect

NT: · boundary extension illusion· conjunction error· cryptomnesia· false fame effect· inference-based false memory· revelation effect· unconscious transference

False memories produced by the subject's own cognitive system,without any social pressure or external suggestion, such as associativefalse memories created in the DRM task.

• Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2005). The science of false memory. OxfordUniversity Press.

• Corson, Y., & Verrier, N. (2013). Les faux souvenirs. Bruxelles: De Boeck.• Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: False memory research in

DRM and related tasks. Hove: Psychology Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: faux souvenir spontanéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BNPSX7VV-1

spontaneous recovery (conditioning)BT: classical conditioningAfter a delay, resurgence of a conditioned response that wasextinguished.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: récupération spontanée (conditionnement)URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-X5JQLJ89-8EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4138732 [Wikidata]

spontaneous recovery (memory)BT: retroactive interferenceIn psychology of memory, resurgence after a delay of memories havingundergone the effect of retroactive interference.

• Briggs, G. E. (1954). Acquisition, extinction, and recovery functions in retroactiveinhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47(5), 285-293. [ doi:10.1037/h0060251 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: récupération spontanée (mémoire)URI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WFPNCW87-H

spreading activationBT: activationRT: · associative-activation theory

· semantic networkIn a semantic network, a process that spread the activation of a conceptto the related concepts.

• Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activationtheory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407-428.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407 ].

• Denhière, G., & Kekenbosch, C. (1988). L’activation etla diffusion de l’activation. L’année psychologique, 88(2),237-256. [ doi:10.3406/psy.1988.29268. http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/psy_0003-5033_1988_num_88_2_29268 ].

PO: HumanDO: · Informatics

· PsychologyFR: propagation de l'activationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LX8TQ4ML-9EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b26d

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423068 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreading_activation [WikipediaEN]

SRRE

→ self-reference recollection effect

stability biasBT: memory biasRT: prediction of learningMemory bias when people consider that their memories will remainstable over time, will not improve with additional learning trials and willnot be subject to forgetting.

• Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2009). A stability bias in human memory:Overestimating remembering and underestimating learning. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: General, 138(4), 449-468. [ doi:10.1037/a0017350 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: biais de stabilitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L3PTDPTV-6

Start-End Model

→ SEM model

state-dependent memoryBT: contextual memoryPhenomenon showing that memory retrieval is more effective if thememory is retrieved when the subject is in the same physiological,affective or emotional state as the one present during memoryacquisition.

• Eich, E. (1995). Searching for mood dependent memory. Psychological Science,6, 67-75.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire dépendante de l'étatURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JQQ32JJQ-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602986 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-dependent_memory[Wikipedia EN]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 149

STATISTICAL LEARNING

statistical learningBT: implicit learningNonconscious learning of statistical regularities in the environment.

• Frost, R., Armstrong, B. C., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Statistical learningresearch : A critical review and possible new directions. Psychological Bulletin,145(12), 1128#1153. [ doi:10.1037/bul0000210 ].

• Saffran, J. R., & Kirkham, N. Z. (2018). Infant statistical learning. Annual Reviewof Psychology, 69(1), 181#203. [ doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011805 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage statistiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H2017HMG-3EQ: https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/

statistical_learning [SAGE]

Sternberg item recognition task

→ Sternberg task

Sternberg paradigm

→ Sternberg task

Sternberg taskSyn: · Sternberg item recognition task

· Sternberg paradigmBT: recognition taskRT: · global recognition task

· serial search· short-term memory

Experimental paradigm (Sternberg, 1966) to study retrieval processesin short-term memory.

• Sternberg, S. (1966). High-speed scanning in human memory. Science,153(3736), 652-654. [ doi:10.1126/science.153.3736.652 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de SternbergURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KGF9JFL6-2EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_551f0a8b5ba2c

[Cognitive Atlas]

stimulus-onset asynchronySyn: SOABT: methodologyTime between the onset of a stimulus and the onset of the followingstimulus

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: asynchronie du début du stimulusURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FFF9L6N6-8EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617380 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_onset_asynchrony[Wikipedia EN]

stochastic independenceBT: methodologyStochastic independence is when it can be shown that the performancefor an item in one memory task is different from the performance for thesame item in another memory task (i. e., performance in task 1 does notpredict performance in task 2.) Stochastic independence is used as anargument for dissociating different memory systems.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: indépendance stochastiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FW8SW88Q-2

storageBT: memoryRT: · retention interval

· SPI modelNT: · consolidation

· engram· long-term memory· memory capacity· memory strength· pattern separation· sensory memory· short-term consolidation· short-term memory

Process for the retention of information in memory.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: stockageURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PRJPCTR5-5EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_(memory) [Wikipedia EN]

storage capacity

→ memory capacity

strategic primingBT: primingRT: automatic primingPriming under the control of attentional, intentional, slow and consciousprocesses.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage stratégiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GW54NKZT-G

150 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

STRUCTURAL THEORIES OF MEMORY

strategyBT: memoryRT: · California Verbal Learning Test

· coding· retrieval

NT: · external aid· internal aid· mediation deficiency· production deficiency· utilization deficiency

Generic term for procedures deliberately used to encode and retrieveinformation in order to improve memory performance.

• Lieury, A. (1996). Méthodes pour la mémoire : histoire et évaluation. Paris :Dunod

• Yates, F. (1966). The art of memory. London: Routledge

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: stratégieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TJR8FDCW-LEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b29c

[Cognitive Atlas]

strength-based mirror effectBT: mirror effectIn a recognition task, higher hits and lower false alarms for list itemsthat have benefited of a reinforced encoding (eg., a greater number ofrepetitions).

• Kılıç, A., & Öztekin, I. (2014). Retrieval dynamics of the strength based mirroreffect in recognition memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 76, 158-173.[ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2014.06.009 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet miroir basé sur la forceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PP0WXP20-1

Stroop paradigm

→ Stroop test

Stroop task

→ Stroop test

Stroop testSyn: · Stroop paradigm

· Stroop taskBT: methodologyRT: · central executive

· goal maintenance· inhibitory control· reaction time

Test to assess inhibitory capacity and used as a measurement of thecentral executive of the working memory. Subjects must name the colorin which are written the color words, but the color of words is differentfrom the color they designate (eg the word "red" is written in green). Thesubjects tend to answer by the color designated by the words. To passthis test, it is necessary to inhibit the word reading, which is automatic,in order to name the color of the ink.

• Stroop, R, J. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journalof Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643–662. [ doi:10.1037/h0054651. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Stroop/ ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: test de StroopURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XGBBZDMP-GEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/tsk_4a57abb949e27

[Cognitive Atlas]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_Stroop [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0535016 [MeSH]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0536705 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/stroop_test [SAGE]

structural persistence

→ syntactic priming

structural priming

→ syntactic priming

structural theories of memorySyn: multiple memory systems theoriesBT: theoryRT: memorySet of theories postulating the memory is made up of differentstructures, systems (such as, for example, the distinction betweensensory memory, short term memory, long term memory.)

• Eichenbaum, H. (2010). Memory systems. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:Cognitive Science, 1(4), 478-490. [ doi:10.1002/wcs.49 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: théories structurales de la mémoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CZK4KBML-L

subjective memory impairment

→ memory complaint

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 151

SUBJECTIVE ORGANIZATION

subjective organizationBT: internal aidRT: · free recall task

· multitrial free recallPersonal organization of a list of items.

• Tulving, E. (1962). Subjective organization in free recall of “unrelated” words.Psychological Review, 69(4), 344–354. [ doi:10.1037/h0043150 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: organisation subjectiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TGD5CP20-4

subliminal priming

→ unconscious priming

subsequent forgetting effect

→ negative subsequent memory effect

subsequent memory effectSyn: · Dm effect

· difference due to memoryBT: memoryRT: brainNT: · negative subsequent memory effect

· positive subsequent memory effectThe neural activity of the brain during encoding differs depending onwhether the items will be subsequently retrieved or not.

• Gonthier, C., & Hot, P. (2013). Apports de l’électroencéphalographie à lacompréhension de la mémoire. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 5(4), 243–254.[ doi:10.1684/nrp.2013.0280 ].

• Kim, H. (2011). Neural activity that predicts subsequent memory andforgetting: A meta-analysis of 74 fMRI studies. NeuroImage, 54(3), 2446-2461.[ doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.045 ].

• Paller, K. A., Kutas, M., & Mayes, A. R. (1987). Neural correlates of encodingin an incidental learning paradigm. Electroencephalography and ClinicalNeurophysiology, 67(4), 360#371. [ doi:10.1016/0013-4694(87)90124-6 ].

• Wilding, E. L., & Ranganath, C. (2011). Electrophysiological correlates ofepisodic memory processes. In S. J. Luck & E. M. Kappenman (Éds.),The Oxford Handbook of ERP Components (p. 373–396). New York: OxfordUniversity Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychophysiologyFR: effet de la mémoire subséquenteURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D1VKHDQG-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275272 [Wikidata]

suffix effectBT: recency effectIn an immediate recall test, interference produced by the last stimulusof a list that the subject is asked to ignore, disturbing the recency effectwhen presentation modality of items is auditory.

• Crowder, R. G. (1967). Prefix effects in immediate memory. Canadian Journal ofPsychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie, 21(5), 450-461. [ doi:10.1037/h0082997 ].

• Crowder, R. G., & Morton, J. (1969). Precategorical acoustic storage (PAS).Perception & Psychophysics, 5(6), 365–373. [ doi:10.3758/BF03210660 ].

• Dallett, K. M. (1967). « Primary memory »: The effects of redundancy upon digitrepetition. Psychonomic Science, 3(1), 237-237. [ doi:10.3758/BF03343114 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du suffixeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Q9KKBJMG-B

suggestibilityBT: induced false memoryRT: · crashing memories paradigm

· explanatory role hypothesis· false feedback method· false feedback paradigm· forced confabulation paradigm· implanted false memory· lost in the mall paradigm· misinformation paradigm· misleading information· rumor mongering paradigm

NT: · memory conformity· misinformation effect· retrieval-enhanced suggestibility

Memory suggestibility appears when the subject integrates erroneousinformation from external sources in its memory (Schacter, 2003).

• Payoux, M., & Verrier, N. (2017). La ou les suggestibilité(s) ? L’Annéepsychologique, 117(02), 251–270. [ doi:10.4074/S0003503317000513 ].

• Ridley, A. M., Gabbert, F., & La Rooy, D. J. (Eds.). (2013). Suggestibility in legalcontexts: Psychological Research and Forensic Implications. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

• Schacter, D. L. (2003). Science de la mémoire. Oublier et se souvenir. Paris:Odile Jacob.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: suggestibilitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FW8V8TV0-WEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2918559 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suggestibility [Wikipedia EN]

152 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

SYNAPTIC CONSOLIDATION

supervisory attentional systemBT: non-computational modelRT: · attention

· central executive· working memory

Model of attention (Shallice & Norman, 1980 ; Norman & Shallice,1986) used by Baddeley to describe the central executive functioningin working memory.

• Norman, D. A., Shallice, T., Davidson, R. ., Schwartz, G. E., & Shapiro, D. (1986).Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behaviour. In Consciousnessand Self-Regulation: Advances in Research and Practice (Vol. 4, p. 1-18). New-York: Plenum Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: système attentionnel superviseurURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H1P8M0C1-QEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b2fa

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644321 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Système_attentionnel_superviseur[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisory_attentional_system[Wikipedia EN]

suppression-induced forgettingBT: motivated forgettingRT: think/not think paradigmForgetting of memories that were voluntarily prevented from beingretrieved.

• Anderson, M. C., & Green, C. (2001). Suppressing unwanted memories byexecutive control. Nature, 410(6826), 366#369. [ doi:10.1038/35066572 ].

• Anderson, M. C., & Hanslmayr, S. (2014). Neural mechanisms of motivatedforgetting. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 279#292. [ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.002 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli induit par la suppressionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WSXQ2MS5-9

survival effectSyn: · survival-processing advantage

· survival-processing effectBT: memory biasRT: · adaptive memory

· zombie effectPeople remember words better after judging their relevance in thecontext of ancestral survival.

• Bonin, P., & Bugaiska, A. (2014). « Survivre pour se souvenir ». Uneapproche novatrice de la mémoire humaine : la mémoire adaptative. L’AnnéePsychologique, 114(3), 571–610. [ doi:10.4074/S0003503314003066 ].

• Nairne, J. S. (2010). Adaptive memory: Evolutionary constraints onremembering. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol.53, p. 1#32). Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(10)53001-9 ].

• Scofield, J. E., Buchanan, E. M., & Kostic, B. (2018). A meta-analysis of thesurvival-processing advantage in memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,25(3), 997#1012. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-017-1346-0 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de survieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LHXZMNL2-5

survival processingBT: adaptive memoryRT: zombie effectInformation processing according to a context of ancestral survival.

• Bonin, P., & Bugaiska, A. (2014). « Survivre pour se souvenir » Uneapproche novatrice de la mémoire humaine : la mémoire adaptative. L’AnnéePsychologique, 114(03), 571#610. [ doi:10.4074/S0003503314003066 ].

• Nairne, J. S. (2010). Adaptive Memory: Evolutionary Constraints onRemembering. In B. H. Ross (Éd.), The Psychology of Learning andMotivation (Vol. 53, p. 1#32). New York: Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(10)53001-9 ].

• Schwartz, B. L., Howe, M. L., Toglia, M. P., & Otgaar, H. (Éd.). (2013). What IsAdaptive about Adaptive Memory? New York: Oxford University Press.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement de survieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-M7HRXBXG-L

survival-processing advantage

→ survival effect

survival-processing effect

→ survival effect

symmetry spanBT: · complex span task

· spatial spanRT: visuo-spatial sketchpadVisuo-spatial working memory span. The subject must remember thelocation of red square sequences placed in a matrix and whether theblack squares arranged in an 8 x 8 matrix are symmetrical along thevertical axis.

• Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., Tuholski, S. W., Wilhelm, O., Payne, T.W., & Engle, R. W. (2004). The generality of working memory capacity:A latent-variable approach to verbal and visuospatial memory span andreasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(2), 189-217.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan de symétrieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S4B771L2-3

synaptic consolidationBT: consolidationMolecular and cellular changes allowing a strengthening of synapsesduring the few minutes or hours after the encoding of a memory.

• Dudai, Y. (2004). The neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable isthe engram? Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 51-86. [ doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142050 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: consolidation synaptiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LHCMP0LL-Q

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SYNAPTIC WEIGHT

synaptic weightBT: connectionismIn connectionist models, the weight represents the value of the force ofconnection between two neurons.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: · Informatics· Psychology

FR: poids synaptiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BB8BQFJ5-GEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662043 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_weight [Wikipedia EN]

synergistic ecphory

→ ecphory

syntactic persistence

→ syntactic priming

syntactic primingSyn: · structural persistence

· structural priming· syntactic persistence

BT: primingOccurs when exposure to a sentence influences the productionor comprehension of another sentence sharing the same syntacticstructure. For example, after hearing a sentence, speakers tend toproduce a sentence with the same grammatical form.

• Bock, K., Dell, G. S., Chang, F., & Onishi, K. H. (2007). Persistent structuralpriming from language comprehension to language production. Cognition,104(3), 437–458. [ doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.003 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage syntaxiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GM3KP6TP-F

system variableBT: autobiographical memoryIn the case of an eyewitness testimony, variable under the control ofthe legal system (for example, instructions given to the witness by thepolice officer in a suspect lineup).

• Wells, G. L. (1978). Applied eyewitness-testimony research: System variablesand estimator variables. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(12),1546#1557. [ doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.12.1546 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: variable du systèmeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K7MFJHF0-C

systems consolidationBT: consolidationSlow process of consolidation, which may take weeks, months or years,during which hippocampus-dependent memories are transferred to theneocortex.

• Takehara#Nishiuchi, K. (s. d.). Neurobiology of systems memory consolidation.European Journal of Neuroscience, n/a(n/a). [ doi:10.1111/ejn.14694 ].

• Wiltgen, B. J., & Tanaka, K. Z. (2013). Systems consolidation and the contentof memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 106, 365-371. [ doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.06.001 ].

• Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (2011). Memory transformation and systemsconsolidation. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(05),766-780. [ doi:10.1017/S1355617711000683 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

FR: consolidation des systèmesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XGD3J4ZG-F

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TEMPORAL COMPRESSION

Ttaboo word effectBT: memory biasRT: · emotion

· episodic memoryBetter memory for taboo words than for emotionally neutral words

• MacKay, D. G., & Ahmetzanov, M. V. (2005). Emotion, memory, and attention inthe taboo stroop paradigm: An experimental analogue of flashbulb memories.Psychological Science, 16(1), 25#32. [ doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00776.x ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet des mots tabousURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NM9J4Q83-P

target effectBT: memory biasRT: visual memoryAfter a visual search task, in which participants must identify targetsamong distractors, better visual memory of targets than distractors,even when the targets were seen for less time than distractors or whenthe time of visual fixation of distractors and targets is identical.

• Williams, C. C. (2010). Incidental and intentional visual memory: What memoriesare and are not affected by encoding tasks? Visual Cognition, 18(9), 1348-1367.[ doi:10.1080/13506285.2010.486280 ].

• Williams, C. C. (2010). Not all visual memories are created equal. VisualCognition, 18(2), 201-228. [ doi:10.1080/13506280802664482 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la cibleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RG9G5M6J-R

targeted memory reactivationBT: methodologyRT: · consolidation

· cueProcedure to reactivate a memory by presenting the subject in his sleepa sensory cue (sound or smell, for example) that has been previouslyassociated with memories during the learning phase.

• Oudiette, D., & Paller, K. A. (2013). Upgrading the sleeping brain withtargeted memory reactivation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(3), 142-149.[ doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.01.006 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: réactivation ciblée d'un souvenirURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SFND5BWF-V

task switchingBT: attentionRT: central executiveReallocating attention when switching from a task to another.

• Bouquet, C. A., Bonnin, C., & Gaonac’h, D. (2013). Approche intégrativedu contrôle exécutif dans le paradigme de permutation de tâche. L’AnnéePsychologique, 113(1), 123#155. [ doi:10.4074/S0003503313001061 ].

• Monsell, S. (2003). Task switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(3), 134#140.[ doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00028-7 ].

• Vandierendonck, A. (2012). Role of working memory in task switching.Psychologica Belgica, 52(2#3). [ doi:10.5334/pb-52-2-3-229 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: alternance de tâchesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WZLK4R47-ZEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b613

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7687352 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_switching_(psychology)[Wikipedia EN]

TBRS model

→ time-based resource sharing model

telescoping bias

→ telescoping effect

telescoping effectSyn: telescoping biasBT: memory biasRT: temporal memoryError by postdating (telescoping effect) or predating (inversedtelecosping effect) a memory.

• Friedmann, W.J. (1993). Memory for the time of past events. PsychologicalBulletin, 113(1), 44-66. [ http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.44 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet télescopiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RLTGGHM0-3EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7696815 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescoping_effect [Wikipedia EN]

TEMPau

→ Test of Episodic Memory for the Autobiographical Past

temporal compressionBT: cognitionRT: episodic memoryA process by which the continuous flow of information experiencedduring a personal event is summarized in episodic memory by asuccession of moments. This process is evidenced by the fact thatremembering an event takes less time than living it.

• Jeunehomme, O., Folville, A., Stawarczyk, D., Van der Linden, M., &D’Argembeau, A. (2018). Temporal compression in episodic memory for real-lifeevents. Memory, 26, 759#770. [ doi:10.1080/09658211.2017.1406120 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: compression temporelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J6QWDF2B-G

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 155

TEMPORAL DISTINCTIVENESS

temporal cortex

→ temporal lobe

temporal decay

→ trace decay

temporal distinctivenessBT: theoryRT: forgettingHypothesis that memory traces are temporally less distinct with time andthen become more difficult to retrieve.

• Brown, G. D. A., Neath, I., & Chater, N. (2007). A temporalratio model of memory. Psychological Review, 114(3), 539-576.[ doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.539 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: distinctivité temporelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DB7V4HK7-Q

temporal gradient of retroactive interferenceBT: retroactive interferenceRetroactive interference effect is largest when the interfering activityfollows learning immediately.

• Wixted, J. T. (2004). The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting.Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 235-269. [ doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141555 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: gradient temporel de l'interférence rétroactiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-WGL3MSG0-8

temporal isolation effectBT: primary distinctiveness effectRT: short-term memoryIn short-term memory, an item is better memorized if it is isolated fromother items by longer time intervals.

• Morin, C., Brown, G. D. A., & Lewandowsky, S. (2010). Temporal isolationeffects in recognition and serial recall. Memory & Cognition, 38(7), 849#859.[ doi:10.3758/MC.38.7.849 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'isolement temporelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QTJ3J9J5-X

temporal lobeSyn: · temporal cortex

· temporal regionNT: medial temporal lobePO: · Animal

· HumanDO: NeurologyFR: lobe temporalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XVF3ZXDJ-VEQ: http://www.ascodocpsy.org/archives_santepsy/Thesaurus/

Show?FRE=%5BLOBE+TEMPORAL%5D [Santé Psy]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744385 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobe_temporal [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0021149 [MeSH]

temporal memorySyn: time memoryBT: episodic memoryRT: · entorhinal cortex

· telescoping effect· time cell

Generic term to designate any form of memory of a temporal information(duration, temporal order, dating of an event...).

• Friedman, W. J. (1993). Memory for the time of past events. PsychologicalBulletin, 113(1), 44#66. [ doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.44 ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire temporelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HLDTHX3H-1

temporal region

→ temporal lobe

test expectancy effectBT: memory biasRT: procedural metamemoryA phenomenon discovered by Meyer (1934). Pupils expecting to betested with an essay have better performance in this kind of test and ina multiple-choice test compared to pupils expecting to be tested with amultiple-choice test. However, this effect is observed only in laboratorystudies, not in classrooms (Lundeberg & Fox, 1991).

• Lundeberg, M. A., & Fox, P. W. (1991). Do laboratory findings on test expectancygeneralize to classroom outcomes? Review of Educational Research, 61(1), 94–106. [ doi:10.3102/00346543061001094 ].

• Meyer, G. (1934). An experimental study of the old and new types ofexamination: I. The effect of the examination set on memory. Journal ofEducational Psychology, 25(9), 641–661. [ doi:10.1037/h0073102 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de l'attente du testURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XJZWK5MV-P

Test of Episodic Memory for the AutobiographicalPastSyn: TEMPauBT: questionnaireRT: autobiographical memorySemi-directive questionnaire for the assessment of episodicautobiographical memory according to five life periods: childhood andadolescence, young adulthood, middle-aged and older adulthood, lastfive years and recent period.

• Piolino, P., Desgranges, B., & Eustache, F. (2003). La mémoireautobiographique : théorie et pratique. Marseille: Solal.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: Test Episodique de Mémoire du Passé

AutobiographiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KN71C2N1-W

test-enhanced new learning

→ test-potentiated new learning

156 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

THINK/NOT THINK PARADIGM

test-potentiated new learningSyn: · forward effect of testing

· forward testing effect · interim test effect · test-enhanced new learning

BT: testing effectRT: · episodic memory

· learning· retrieval

Phenomenon observed when the retrieval of information in memoryfacilitates the learning of new information.

• Chan, J. C. K., Meissner, C. A., & Davis, S. D. (2018). Retrieval potentiatesnew learning : A theoretical and meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin,144(11), 1111#1146. [ doi:10.1037/bul0000166 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: apprentissage nouveau favorisé par le testURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NWXPPSF8-J

testing effectSyn: · retrieval practice effect

· retrieval-mediated learningBT: internal aidRT: · episodic memory

· retrieval· retrieval practice· retrieval-induced facilitation

NT: test-potentiated new learningSelf-testing of memory enhances the long-term retention of informationmore than restudying them or compared to no retrieval practice. In somecircumstrances, self-testing our memory has a detrimental effect onmemory (negative testing effect).

• Eisenkraemer, R. E., Jaeger, A., & Stein, L. M. (2013). A systematicreview of the testing effect in learning. Paidéia, 23(56), 397#406.[ doi:10.1590/1982-43272356201314 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du testingURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JRJHZ858-DEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705913 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_test [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testing_effect [Wikipedia EN]

theoryNT: · acid bath theory

· Act-In theory· alcohol myopia· associative chaining· associative deficit· associative-activation theory· attentional narrowing· causal theory of memory· cognitive slowing· complementary learning systems· constructive episodic simulation hypothesis· contextual availability· cue-overload principle· direct realism· distributional hypothesis· dual coding theory· elevated-attention hypothesis· embodied cognition· environmental support hypothesis

· exemplar theories· explanatory role hypothesis· functionalist theories of memory· fuzzy trace theory· generate-recognize theory· Hunter-McCrary hypothesis· implicit associative response· impoverished relational-encoding· indirect realism· law of effect· law of exercise· levels of processing· model· neurogenic hypthothesis· positional coding theory· principle of mass action· retrieval effort hypothesis· Ribot's law· sensory reactivation hypothesis· serial search· Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis· structural theories of memory· temporal distinctiveness· total-time hypothesis· trace decay· Tulving-Wiseman law· Yerkes-Dodson's law

DO: MultidisciplinaryFR: théorieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JT2DDSSZ-4EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17737 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Théorie [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory [Wikipedia EN]

therapy

→ treatment

think/not think paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · motivated forgetting

· suppression-induced forgetting· thought substitution method

Experimental paradigm for studying the effect on memory performanceof an intention not to remember (Anderson & Green, 2001).

• Anderson, M. C., & Green, C. (2001). Suppressing unwanted memories byexecutive control. Nature, 410(6826), 366#369. [ doi:10.1038/35066572 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme penser/ne pas penserURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JFXTXT0C-4

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THINKING-INDUCED FORGETTING

thinking-induced forgettingBT: incidental forgettingPhenomenon discovered during the study of the relationship betweenmemory and creative thinking. The fact of generating new uses toobjects can cause the forgetting of previously studied uses.

• Storm, B. C., & Patel, T. N. (2014). Forgetting as a consequence and enabler ofcreative thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, andCognition, 40(6), 1594-1609. [ doi:10.1037/xlm0000006 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: oubli induit par la penséeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J9TZ1W8N-8

third-person perspective

→ observer point of view

thought substitution methodBT: methodologyRT: · motivated forgetting

· think/not think paradigmMethod used in the Think/Don't Think paradigm. Subjects should avoidretrieving unwanted memories in the presence of a cue by substitutinga distracting thought.

• Hotta, C., & Kawaguchi, J. (2009). Self-initiated use of thought substitution canlead to long term forgetting, 52(1), 41#49. [ doi:10.2117/psysoc.2009.41 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: méthode de substitution de penséeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N7K2DX1D-4

through-list distractor procedure

→ continuous-distractor paradigm

time cellBT: hippocampusRT: · episodic memory

· temporal memoryTime cells are neurons in the hippocampus that fire at specific moments.Discovered in rats and monkeys.

• Kraus, B. J., Robinson II, R. J., White, J. A., Eichenbaum, H., & Hasselmo, M. E.(2013). Hippocampal « time cells »: time versus path integration. Neuron, 78(6),1090-1101. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.015 ].

• MacDonald, C. J., Lepage, K. Q., Eden, U. T., & Eichenbaum, H. (2011).Hippocampal "time cells" bridge the gap in memory for discontiguous events.Neuron, 71(4), 737-749. [ doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.07.012 ].

• Pastalkova, E., Itskov, V., Amarasingham, A., & Buzsaki, G. (2008). Internallygenerated cell assembly sequences in the rat hippocampus. Science,321(5894), 1322-1327. [ doi:10.1126/science.1159775 ].

PO: AnimalFR: cellule de tempsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-T4Q5ZL53-C

time memory

→ temporal memory

time-based prospective memoryBT: prospective memoryRT: cueA temporal cue is used to remember what we have planned to do.

• Einstein, G. O., & McDaniel, M. A. (1990). Normal aging and prospectivememory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,16(4), 717–726. [ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.4.717 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire prospective temporelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HM6SF432-REQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7804800 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_prospective_memory[Wikipedia EN]

time-based resource sharing modelSyn: TBRS modelBT: computational modelRT: · attentional refreshing

· executive loop· working memory

Model in which the functioning of working memory is based on thealternation between storage and information processing activities.

• Barrouillet, P., & Camos, V. (2015). Working Memory: Loss and Reconstruction.Hove: Psychology Press.

• Barrouillet, P., Bernardin, S., & Camos, V. (2004). Time constraints and resourcesharing in adults’ working memory spans. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 133(1), 83-100. [ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.83 ].

• Camos, V., & Barrouillet, P. (2014). Le développement de la mémoire de travail :perspectives dans le cadre du modèle de partage temporel des ressources.Psychologie Française, 59(1), 21-39. [ doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2012.12.003 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: modèle du partage temporel des ressourcesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VPX9WQ0R-9

tip-of-the-tongueBT: procedural metamemoryRT: · accessibility/availability

· retrievalDifficulty finding a word with the feeling that it is known and about to beretrieved.

• Brown, A. S. (2012). The tip of the tongue state. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.• Brown, R., & McNeill, D. (1966). The “tip of the tongue” phenomenon.

Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5(4), 325#337. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(66)80040-3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mot sur le bout de la langueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RGD806LB-1EQ: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot_sur_le_bout_de_la_langue

[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip_of_the_tongue [Wikipedia EN]

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TRACELINK MODEL

top-down processingBT: cognitionType of information processing using existing representations toprocess new information or events.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement descendantURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TKQ59X9H-1EQ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_(psychology)

[Wikipedia EN]

topographical amnesia

→ topographical memory loss

topographical memory lossSyn: · pure topographical disorientation

· topographical amnesiaBT: amnesiaRT: · medial temporal lobe

· spatial memorySelective disorder of spatial memory in which patients have difficultyorienting themselves in their environment and finding their way, andresulting from lesions in the right parahippocampal gyrus.

• Habib, M., & Sirigu, A. (1987). Pure topographical disorientation: A definition andanatomical basis. Cortex, 23(1), 73-85. [ doi:10.1016/S0010-9452(87)80020-5 ].

• Whiteley, A. M., & Warrington, E. K. (1978). Selective impairment oftopographical memory: a single case study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery& Psychiatry, 41(6), 575-578. [ doi:10.1136/jnnp.41.6.575 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: perte de la mémoire topographiqueURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-TXG25C5J-T

total memory

→ eidetic memory

total recall

→ eidetic memory

total-time hypothesisSyn: total-time lawBT: theoryRT: codingHypothesis that the retention of information depends on the total timeavailable for study. For example, the recall of five items studied for2 seconds each should be equivalent to the recall of ten items eachstudied for 1 second.

• Bugelski, B. R. (1962). Presentation time, total time, and mediation inpaired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(4), 409-412.[ doi:10.1037/h0045665 ].

• Cooper, E. H., & Pantle, A. J. (1967). The total-time hypothesis in verbal learning.Psychological Bulletin, 68(4), 221-234. [ doi:10.1037/h0025052 ].

• Murdock, B. B. J. (1960). The immediate retention of unrelated words. Journalof Experimental Psychology, 60(4), 222-234. [ doi:10.1037/h0045145 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: hypothèse du temps totalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NVH8DMWP-N

total-time law

→ total-time hypothesis

trace conditioningBT: forward conditioningRT: classical conditioningProcedure in classical conditioning consisting of separating theconditioned stimulus from the unconditioned stimulus by a time interval.

• Doré, F.-Y., & Mercier, P. (1992). Les fondements de l’apprentissage et de lacognition. Lille : Presses Universitaires de Lille.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: conditionnement de traceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RNRKC2PQ-NEQ: http://www.cognitiveatlas.org/task/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b3d7/

[Cognitive Atlas]

trace decaySyn: · decay hypothesis

· decay theory· memory decay· temporal decay

BT: theoryRT: · forgetting

· law of disuseHypothesis that forgetting is based on a weakening over time of thememory trace.

• Ricker, T. J., Vergauwe, E., & Cowan, N. (2014). Decay theoryof immediate memory: From Brown (1958) to today (2014).The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 141(2), 98-112.[ doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.914546 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: déclin de la traceURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R42BDSXQ-REQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b92c

[Cognitive Atlas]

TraceLink modelBT: connectionismRT: · amnesia

· consolidationConnectionist model of consolidation and amnesia (Meeter & Murre,2005)

• Meeter, M., Murre, J.M.J. (2005). TraceLink : A model of consolidation andamnesia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22, 559-587.

PO: HumanFR: modèle TracelinkURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VTGZMV26-7

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 159

TRAIL MAKING TEST

Trail Making TestBT: neuropsychological testRT: central executiveMental flexibility test. The subjet has to connect with lines as fast aspossible and in ascending order a series of numbers (part A). Then, thesubject must connect altertately letters and numbers in ascending order(1-A-2-B-3-C...) as fast as possible (part B).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: Trail Making TestURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SXMP58K1-1EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3997285 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_Making_Test [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0021757 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/trail_making_test [SAGE]

train taskBT: recognition taskRT: episodic memoryStudy method of episodic memory in infants aged 6 to 18 months. In thefirst phase of the task, the lever to allow babies to move a model trainon a circular track is off. In the second phase, the lever is turned on,allowing infants to learn to move the train. In the third phase, the lever isswitched off again. The train is considered as recognized when babiesfrequently activate the lever in the third phase compared to the first.

• Hartshorn, K., & Rovee-Collier, C. (1997). Infant learning and long-term memoryat 6 months: a confirming analysis. Developmental Psychobiology, 30(1), 71#85.[ doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199701)30:13.3.CO;2-7 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche du trainURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZC79BX9C-W

transactive memoryBT: collective memoryForm of collective memory in which the memories are distributed amongthe different partners who shared the same experience. Transactivememory therefore reflects a kind of division of labor between membersof a group or a couple in the encoding, storage and retrieval ofmemories, where each person must be able to know who knows what.

• Wegner, D. M. (1986). Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of thegroup mind. In B. Mullen & G. R. Goethals (Eds.), Theories of group behavior(pp. 185-208). New York: Springer-Verlag.

• Wegner, D. M., Giuliano, T., & Hertel, P. (1985). Cognitive interdependencein close relationships. In W. J. Ickes (Ed.), Compatible and incompatiblerelationships (pp. 253-276). New York: Springer-Verlag.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire transactiveURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CQLRTV29-XEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833742 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactive_memory [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/transactive_memory [SAGE]

transcription factorBT: biological factorNT: CREB factorPO: · Animal

· HumanFR: facteur de transcriptionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LV1843BV-1EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facteur_de_transcription [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0021788 [MeSH]

transferBT: learningNT: · far transfer

· near transfer· negative transfer· positive transfer

Process by which knowledge or skills acquired during a task influenceperformance in another task.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: transfertURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-N8DW5K8D-9EQ: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0021797 [MeSH]

transfer and retroaction surfaceBT: retroactive interferenceThree-dimensional graphical representation of transfer and retroactiveinterference according to stimulus similarity and response similaritybetween lists.

• Osgood, C. E. (1949). The similarity paradox in human learning: a resolution.Psychological Review, 56(3), 132-143. [ doi:10.1037/h0057488 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: surface de transfert et de rétroactionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-C17PH0ZP-S

transfer-appropriate processingBT: memoryPrinciple that memory is better if the encoding mode and informationretrieval mode are the same (eg, encoding semantic item characteristicsand retrieval test using these semantic knowledge).

• Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versustransfer appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,16(5), 519–533. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80016-9 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: traitement approprié au transfertURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LR0PV6CQ-WEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833982 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-appropriate_processing[Wikipedia EN]

160 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

TULVING-WISEMAN LAW

transient epileptic amnesiaBT: amnesiaForm of temporal epilepsy with episodes of amnesia (anterograde andretrograde) of short duration (generally between 20 and 60 minutes) andrecurrent.

• Favre, I. M. A., Véran, O., Payen, I., & Vercueil, L. (2011). Amnésie transitoireépileptique ou ictus amnésique épileptique : discussion nosographique à partird’un cas clinique. Gériatrie, Psychologie et Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement,9(1), 83-89. [ doi:10.1684/pnv.2011.0254 ].

• Kapur, N. (1993). Transient epileptic amnesia: A clinical update and areformulation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 56(11),1184-1190. [ doi:10.1136/jnnp.56.11.1184 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: amnésie épileptique transitoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ND91QNCP-BEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2449188 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_epileptic_amnesia[Wikipedia EN]

transient global amnesiaBT: amnesiaAmnestic episode of sudden onset and short duration.

• Quinette, P., Noël, A., Desgranges, B., Sayette, V. de la, Viader, F., &Eustache, F. (2009). Les questions de l’ictus amnésique idiopathique. Revue deneuropsychologie, 1(2), 170#174. [ doi:10.3917/rne.012.0170 ].

• Spiegel, D. R., Smith, J., Wade, R. R., Cherukuru, N., Ursani, A.,Dobruskina, Y., … Dreyer, N. (2017). Transient global amnesia: Currentperspectives. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Volume 13, 2691#2703.[ doi:10.2147/NDT.S130710 ].

PO: HumanDO: NeurologyFR: amnésie globale transitoireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VL9P8SB1-HEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18740 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ictus_amnésique [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_global_amnesia[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0328097 [MeSH]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/transient_global_amnesia [SAGE]

transposition errorBT: memory biasRT: serial recall taskNT: · anticipation error

· locality constraint· postponement error· transposition gradient

In a serial recall task, error of reporting an incorrect position of an itemin a list. Middle-list items are more subject to this kind of error.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: erreur de transpositionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZRJLCR1V-3

transposition gradientBT: transposition errorIn a serial recall task, probability of transposition errors depending onthe location of the item relative to its correct position.

• Hurlstone, M. J., Hitch, G. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2014). Memory for serial orderacross domains: An overview of the literature and directions for future research.Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 339–373. htpps://doi.org/10.1037/a0034221

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: gradient de transpositionURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D6KFVJR4-6

treatmentSyn: therapyNT: cognitive rehabilitationPO: HumanDO: · Neurology

· PsychologyFR: traitementURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GPW1T35T-9EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179661 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traitement_(médecine) [WikipédiaFR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy [Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M0021296 [MeSH]

true-false effectBT: memory biasRT: · semantic memory

· sentence verification taskIn a sentence verification task, faster response for true than for falsesentences.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet vrai-fauxURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FTP0PM55-0

truth effect

→ illusory truth effect

Tulving-Wiseman lawBT: theoryRT: · recall task

· recognition task· retrieval

Law showing that recognition and recall are memory measures largelyindependent of one another. This law is expressed in the followingmathematical equation, where Rn is the recognition and recall Rc: P(Rn / Rc) = P (Rn) + c [P (Rn) -P (Rn) 2]

• Tulving, E., & Wiseman, S. (1975). Relation between recognition and recognitionfailure of recallable words. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 6(1), 79#82.[ doi:10.3758/BF03333153 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: loi de Tulving-WisemanURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KKGD8HKS-D

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 161

TUNNEL MEMORY

tunnel memoryBT: memory biasRT: · attentional narrowing

· emotion· episodic memory

Term proposed by Safer et al. (1998) to account for the fact that thememory of negative emotional events is better for the central detailsthan for the peripheral details.

• A. Safer, M., Christianson, S.-Å., W. Autry, M., & Österlund, K. (1998). Tunnelmemory for traumatic events. Applied Cognitive Psychology - APPL COGNITIVEPSYCHOL, 12, 99#117. [ doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0720(199804)12:23.3.CO;2-Z ].

• Berntsen, D. (2002). Tunnel memories for autobiographical events: Centraldetails are remembered more frequently from shocking than from happyexperiences. Memory & Cognition, 30(7), 1010#1020. [ doi:10.3758/BF03194319 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: souvenir tunnelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BMLVXX1Z-3

two alternatives forced choiceBT: recognition taskRecognition test in which two items are presented and the subject mustindicate which one was studied.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: choix forcé à deux alternativesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-P2BC4PJR-1EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7858684 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-alternative_forced_choice[Wikipedia EN]

type 1 conditioning

→ classical conditioning

type 2 conditioning

→ operant conditioning

type I processing

→ maintenance rehearsal

type II processing

→ elaborative rehearsal

typicalityBT: · categorization

· semantic memoryRT: · prototype

· typicality effectNT: typicality gradientIn Rosch's theory of natural categories, a typical exemplar is the mostrepresentative member of a category.

• Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of catégorisation. In Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B.B. (eds),Cognition and categorization (pp. 27-48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: typicalitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SZ2C9MGV-W

typicality effectBT: memory biasRT: typicalityThe time needed to decide that a concept is a member of a semanticcategory is shorter if it is a typical member of this category.

• Rosch, E. (1975). Cognitive representations of semantic categories.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104(3), 192-233.[ doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.192 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de typicalitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QR124H6D-W

typicality gradientBT: typicalityClassification of concepts in a category based on their degree oftypicality.

• Smith, J. D., & Minda, J. P. (2001). Journey to the center of the category:The dissociation in amnesia between categorization and recognition. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(4), 984-1002.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.27.4.984 ].

• Smith, J. D., & Minda, J. P. (2002). Distinguishing prototype-based andexemplar-based processes in dot-pattern category learning. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(4), 800-811.[ doi:10.1037/0278-7393.28.4.800 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: gradient de typicalitéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FBSGZ1H3-P

162 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

UTILIZATION DEFICIENCY

Uunattended speech effect

→ irrelevant speech effect

uncinate fasciculusSyn: cerebral uncinate fasciculusBT: brainRT: · autobiographical memory

· autonoetic consciousness· episodic memory

Neural pathway connecting the prefrontal cortex and the temporallobe, involved in autonoetic awareness, episodic and autobiographicalmemory.

• Levine, B., Black, S. E., Cabeza, R., Sinden, M., Mcintosh, A. R., Toth, J. P., …Stuss, D. T. (1998). Episodic memory and the self in a case of isolated retrogradeamnesia. Brain, 121(10), 1951#1973. [ doi:10.1093/brain/121.10.1951 ].

PO: HumanFR: faisceau uncinéURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XLCKNZK8-QEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176007 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncinate_fasciculus [Wikipedia EN]

unconscious plagiarism

→ cryptomnesia

unconscious primingSyn: subliminal primingBT: primingPriming effect occurring when the prime is presented without the subjectbeing aware of it.

• Carr, T. H., McCauley, C., Sperber, R. D., & Parmelee, C. M.(1982). Words, pictures, and priming: On semantic activation, consciousidentification, and the automaticity of information processing. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 8(6), 757#777.[ doi:10.1037/0096-1523.8.6.757 ].

• Dell’Acqua, R., & Grainger, J. (1999). Unconscious semantic priming frompictures. Cognition, 73(1), B1-B15. [ doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00049-9 ].

• Holender, D. (1986). Semantic activation without conscious identificationin dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey andappraisal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9(01), 1–23. [ doi:10.1017/S0140525X00021269 ].

• McCauley, C., Parmelee, C. M., Sperber, R. D., & Carr, T. H. (1980). Earlyextraction of meaning from pictures and its relation to conscious identification.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 6(2),265#276. [ doi:10.1037/0096-1523.6.2.265 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: amorçage inconscientURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RBQKF23Q-1

unconscious transferenceBT: spontaneous false memoryIn the case of eyewitness testimony, confusion between the perpetratorand another innocent person, person that the witness has seen at another time or in a different context.

• Ross, D. F., Ceci, S. J., Dunning, D., & Toglia, M. P. (1994). Unconscioustransference and mistaken identity: When a witness misidentifies a familiarbut innocent person. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(6), 918#930.[ doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.6.918 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: transfert inconscientURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PC2NM3QC-4EQ: https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/

unconscious_transference [SAGE]

unitizationBT: associative memoryAssociation of different memories to create a representation that will beprocessed as a single entity.

• Graf, P., & Schacter, D. L. (1989). Unitization and grouping mediatedissociations in memory for new associations. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15(5), 930-940. [ doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.15.5.930 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: unitisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZBVPW5Z1-K

utilization deficiencyBT: strategySituation when children use a strategy spontaneously or after a trainingsession but fail to improve their memory.

• Schneider, W., Kron, V., Hünnerkopf, M., & Krajewski, K. (2004). Thedevelopment of young children’s memory strategies: First findings fromthe Würzburg Longitudinal Memory Study. Journal of Experimental ChildPsychology, 88(2), 193#209. [ doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2004.02.004 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: déficience d’utilisationURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-J4787C73-C

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 163

VANISHING CUES METHOD

Vvalidity effect

→ illusory truth effect

vanishing cues methodBT: cognitive rehabilitationRT: cueMemory rehabilitation method. The principle is to acquire informationthrough cues and to vanish these cues until the patient can use theinformation acquired without them.

• Kessels, R. P. C., & Haan, E. H. F. (2003). Implicit learning in memoryrehabilitation: A meta-analysis on errorless learning and vanishing cuesmethods. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(6),805#814. [ doi:10.1076/jcen.25.6.805.16474 ].

PO: HumanFR: méthode d'estompage des indicesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-S8PLJHQ6-7

verbal association taskSyn: free-association taskBT: methodologyRT: · retrieval

· semantic memorySubjects must say the words that come to mind after the presentationof a cue word.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche d'association verbaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-CZRL35LF-5

verbal memorySyn: verbal storageBT: · language

· memoryRT: · alpha span

· auditory deviant effect · California Verbal Learning Test · computation task· irrelevant sound effect· irrelevant speech effect· language familiarity effect· listening span· orthographic distinctiveness effect · phonological loop· phonological neighbourhood effect· pseudoword effect· reading span· sentence superiority effect· verbal span· Wechsler Memory Scale· word length effect· word-frequency effect· working memory

Generic term for the memory, short or long term, of a verbal material.The term can also be used when non-verbal information (visual,auditory, tactile ...) are recoded in verbal memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire verbaleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-Z65R7GWM-8EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b457

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920941 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_memory [Wikipedia EN]

verbal overshadowing effectBT: memory biasRT: visual memoryIf subjects are asked to describe a nonverbal stimulus being storedin memory (a face, for example), there is, in certain circumstances, adeterioration in the subsequent identification of the stimulus in thesesubjects compared to the control subjects who did not have to performthis description.

• Alogna, V. K., Attaya, M. K., Aucoin, P., Bahník, Š., Birch, S., Birt, A. R.,Bornstein, B. H., Bouwmeester, S., Brandimonte, M. A., Brown, C., Buswell,K., Carlson, C., Carlson, M., Chu, S., Cislak, A., Colarusso, M., Colloff, M.F., Dellapaolera, K. S., Delvenne, J.-F., … Zwaan, R. A. (2014). RegisteredReplication Report : Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990). Perspectives onPsychological Science, 9(5), 556#578. [ doi:10.1177/1745691614545653 ].

• Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the verbalovershadowing effect in face identification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15(6),603–616. [ doi:10.1002/acp.728 ].

• Schooler, J. W., & Engstler-Schooler, T. Y. (1990). Verbal overshadowing ofvisual memories: Some things are better left unsaid. Cognitive Psychology,22(1), 36-71. [ doi:10.1016/0010-0285(90)90003-M ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet d'ombrage verbalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-SGLQ7P96-JEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948458 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_overshadowing [WikipediaEN]

164 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

VISUAL IMAGERY

verbal spanBT: simple spanRT: · articulatory suppression

· auditory deviant effect · irrelevant sound effect· irrelevant speech effect· verbal memory

In verbal span tasks, subjects are presented with increasing lists ofnumbers or words that they must remember in order. The span is themaximum number of elements that the subjects can recall immediately.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: empan verbalURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-R0KCMF21-F

verbal storage

→ verbal memory

very short-term conceptual memory

→ conceptual short-term memory

vicarious memoryBT: autobiographical memoryRecollection of an event experienced by an other person.

• Pillemer, D. B., Steiner, K. L., Kuwabara, K. J., Thomsen, D. K., & Svob,C. (2015). Vicarious memories. Consciousness and Cognition, 36, 233–245.[ doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.06.010 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: souvenir vicariantURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H3KPP4C4-4

violation of expectancy paradigm

→ violation of expectation paradigm

violation of expectation paradigmSyn: violation of expectancy paradigmBT: methodologyRT: episodic memoryMethod for studying cognitive development in infants, including thedevelopment of memory. The baby is familiarized with a situation, then,after a delay, the experimenter places it in a situation that violates or nothis expectations with respect to the initial event. If the baby's gaze islonger in the unexpected situation, the researcher infers that he couldremember the initial event.

• Baillargeon, R., & Graber, M. (1988). Evidence of location memory in 8-month-old infants in a nonsearch AB task. Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 502-511.[ doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.4.502 ].

• Baillargeon, R., Devos, J., & Graber, M. (1989). Location memory in 8-month-old infants in a non-search AB task: Further evidence. Cognitive Development,4(4), 345-367. [ doi:10.1016/S0885-2014(89)90040-3 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de violation des attentesURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KNVL7RPS-Z

visible persistanceBT: iconic memoryRT: informational persistenceFirst component of the iconic memory, very brief, giving the impressionthat the stimulus is still visible after it's physical offset.

• Coltheart, M. (1980). Iconic memory and visible persistence. Perception &psychophysics, 27(3), 183–228. [ doi:10.3758/BF03204258 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: persistance visibleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NVP61686-4

visual arrays task

→ change detection paradigm

visual cacheBT: visuo-spatial sketchpadSub-system of the visuospatial sketchpad whose function is the passivestorage of visual information. The content of the visual cache is subjectto rapid deterioration (unless the information is refreshed by the internalscribe) and to interference with new information (Logie, 1995).

• Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-Spatial Working Memory. Mahwah : LawrenceErlbaum Associates.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: cache visuelURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-ZMJ1JCBT-T

visual image

→ visual imagery

visual imagerySyn: visual imageBT: mental imageryRT: · field point of view

· observer point of viewMental imagery using the visual modality.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: imagerie visuelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-BMQD5QZM-GEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b487

[Cognitive Atlas]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/visual_imagery [SAGE]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 165

VISUAL MEMORY

visual memoryBT: memoryRT: · attribute amnesia

· bilateral field advantage· boundary extension illusion· continuous reproduction task· Corsi task· eidetic memory· fusion method· own-age bias· own-group bias· own-race bias· own-sex bias· own-species bias· retro-cue effect· target effect· verbal overshadowing effect· weapon focus effect· Wechsler Memory Scale

NT: · face memory· fragile visual short-term memory· iconic memory· visuo-spatial sketchpad

Generic term used for the encoding, storage and retrieval of visualinformation.

• Brockmole, J.R. (Ed.) (2009):The visual world in memory. Hove: PsychologyPress.

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: mémoire visuelleURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-D122LRND-DEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b49e

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936607 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_memory [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/visual_memory [SAGE]

visual paired-comparison paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · episodic memory

· habituationStudy method of infant memory, based on the principle of preferencefor novelty. A pair of identical stimuli (or a single stimulus) is visuallypresented to the baby (familiarization phase). Then, a new pair ofstimuli, consisting of a familiar stimulus associated with a new stimulus,is presented. Discrimination of the two stimuli is inferred when thebaby pay more attention to the new stimulus compared to the familiarstimulus.

• Fantz, R. L. (1964). Visual experience in infants: decreased attention to familiarpatterns relative to novel ones. Science, 146(3644), 668-670.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de comparaison visuelle par paireURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KQNTBWLF-3

visual persistence

→ iconic memory

visual sensory memory

→ iconic memory

visual-array comparison

→ change detection paradigm

visuo-spatial scratchpad

→ visuo-spatial sketchpad

visuo-spatial sketchpadSyn: visuo-spatial scratchpadBT: · spatial memory

· visual memory· working memory

RT: · Baddeley's model· central executive· change detection paradigm· Corsi task· rotation letter task· selective interference paradigm· symmetry span

NT: · inner scribe· visual cache

Subsystem of working memory in Baddeley's model (1986) involved inthe manipulation of mental images, and of visual and spatial information.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: calepin visuo-spatialURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-DZ76M0DF-8EQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b507/

[Cognitive Atlas]

voluntary forgetting

→ directed forgetting

von Restorff effectSyn: isolation effectBT: primary distinctiveness effectBetter memory for a distinctive item compared to the other items. Thisitem is distinctive according to its immediate context (e.g., a word writtenin red among words written in black).

• Chee, Q. W., & Goh, W. D. (2018). What explains the von Restorff effect?Contrasting distinctive processing and retrieval cue efficacy. Journal of Memoryand Language, 99, 49#61. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2017.11.002 ].

• Hunt, R. R. (1995). The subtlety of distinctiveness: What von Restorff really did.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2(1), 105#112. [ doi:10.3758/BF03214414 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet von RestorffURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-GDVH1Z2G-1EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1422241 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_von_Restorff [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Restorff_effect [Wikipedia EN]

166 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

WORD FREQUENCY

Wweapon focus effectBT: memory biasRT: · attentional narrowing

· episodic memory· visual memory

Eyewitnesses focus their attention on the weapon hold by theperpetrator, reducing their ability to identify the culprit and to rememberother details of the crime scene.

• Fawcett, J. M., Russell, E. J., Peace, K. A., & Christie, J. (2013). Of guns andgeese: a meta-analytic review of the “weapon focus” literature. Psychology,Crime & Law, 19(1), 35–66. [ doi:10.1080/1068316X.2011.599325 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de focalisation sur l'armeURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-QNQMWRXD-MEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978058 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon_focus [Wikipedia EN]

Wechsler Memory ScaleBT: neuropsychological testRT: · long-term memory

· short-term memory· span· spatial memory· verbal memory· visual memory· working memory

Scale developed by the American psychologist David Wechsler andhaving undergone several revisions since its publication in 1945.Designed for adults and the elderly, it assesses the immediate anddelayed memory for verbal and visual material. In its latest version, it iscomposed of eleven subtests, including two new visuospatial workingmemory tests. In the elderly, some subtests are not administered. AFrench version of the scale is available.

• Kent, P. (2013). The evolution of the Wechsler Memory Scale:A selective review. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult (20)4, 277-291.[ doi:10.1080/09084282.2012.689267 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: échelle de mémoire de WechslerURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-JGFQSVDN-1EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473246 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wechsler_Memory_Scale[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000620918 [MeSH]

whole-part effectBT: memory biasRT: · face memory

· holistic processingBetter recognition of a facial feature (eg the nose) when it is presentedin the context of a full face rather than in isolation.

• Tanaka, J. W., & Farah, M. J. (1993). Parts and wholes in face recognition.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 46(2), 225-245.[ doi:10.1080/14640749308401045 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet du tout sur la partieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-PNPPKJ91-B

Wisconsin Card Sorting TestBT: neuropsychological testRT: · central executive

· executive functionsNeuropsychological test used as a measurement of the centraladministrator of the working memory. The general principle of the testis as follows. The subject must sort cards according to a rule that hemust discover based on feedback given by the experimenter. When therule is mastered, it is changed to another classification rule. The testassesses the cognitive flexibility capabilities of the subjects.

• Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcementand ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38(4), 404#411. [ doi:10.1037/h0059831 ].

• Nyhus, E., & Barceló, F. (2009). The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and thecognitive assessment of prefrontal executive functions: A critical update. Brainand Cognition, 71(3), 437#451. [ doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.03.005 ].

PO: HumanFR: test de classement de cartes du WisconsinURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-FSXQ9VF0-HEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/tsk_4a57abb949f21

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549525 [Wikidata]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_Card_Sorting_Test[Wikipedia EN]http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/JVR/M000620939 [MeSH]

word frequencyBT: languageRT: · mirror effect

· word-frequency effectOccurrence frequency of a word in a language.

PO: HumanDO: · Linguistics

· PsychologyFR: fréquence du motURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-LDPSD5BJ-9EQ: https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/

word_frequency [SAGE]

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 167

WORD LENGTH EFFECT

word length effectBT: memory biasRT: · phonological loop

· short-term memory· verbal memory

Effect showing that immediate memory is better for short words than forlong words. The effect is more based on the time required to articulatethe words than on the number of syllables. The effect is however moregeneral since it has also been observed in delayed serial recall tasksand in immediate and delayed free recall tasks.

• Baddeley, A. D., Thomson, N., & Buchanan, M. (1975). Word length and thestructure of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior,14(6), 575-589. [ doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80045-4 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la longueur du motURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-MN6R4QR2-L

word-fragment completion taskBT: indirect test of memoryTask used to study the priming effect. Participants are asked to completewords with missing letters (e.g., M _ M _ _ Y). Nothing in the instructionssuggests that the words to complete have been studied previously. Inaddition, a distractor task between the study phase and the test phaseis introduced to prevent the mental rehearsal of the studied words, andto reduce the influence of explicit memory.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de complètement de mots fragmentésURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-H3MG41VM-G

word-frequency effectSyn: word-frequency paradoxBT: memory biasRT: · elevated-attention hypothesis

· episodic memory· mirror effect· recall task· recognition task· verbal memory· word frequency

Words with low frequency are better recognized than words with highfrequency, while the recall is better for high frequency words than forlow frequency words.

• Gregg, V. H. (1976). Word frequency, recognition, and recall. In J. Brown (Ed.),Recall and recognition (pp. 183–216). New York: Wiley.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet de la fréquence des motsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XK66NCJ2-8EQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395345 [Wikidata]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_frequency_effect [WikipediaEN]

word-frequency paradox

→ word-frequency effect

word-stem completion taskBT: indirect test of memoryTask used to study priming effects. The subject is asked to completewords, which are presented with only their first three letters, with the firstword that comes to mind. Nothing in the instructions suggests that thewords to complete have been studied previously.

• Warrington, E. K., & Weiskrantz, L. (1970). Amnesic syndrome: Consolidationor retrieval? Nature, 228(5272), 628#630. [ doi:10.1038/228628a0 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de complètement de début de motsURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-HKG1KPXB-D

working memorySyn: M-spaceBT: memoryRT: · alpha span

· cognitive load· complex span task· composite complex span· computation task· counting span· embedded-processes model· executive functions· fluid intelligence· focus of attention· interference resolution· letter number sequencing· listening span· medial prefrontal cortex· MNESIS model· operation span· posterior parietal cortex· reading span· reading-digit span· Self-Ordered Pointing Test· semantic short-term memory· sensory recruitment· short-term consolidation· span· spatial span· supervisory attentional system· time-based resource sharing model· verbal memory· Wechsler Memory Scale· working memory period paradigm

NT: · affective working memory· Baddeley's model· central executive· declarative working memory· episodic buffer· executive loop· gestural loop· goal maintenance· implicit working memory· inhibitory control· long-term working memory· phonological loop· procedural working memory· social working memory· visuo-spatial sketchpad· working memory updating

168 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

WORKING SELF

Evolution of the concept of short-term memory. The function of workingmemory is the temporary storage with limited capacity and manipulationof information.

• Aubin, G., Coyette, F., Pradat-Diehl, P., & Vallat-Azouvi, C. (Eds.). (2007).Neuropsychologie de la mémoire de travail. Marseille: Solal.

• Baddeley, A. D. (2002). Is working memory still working? EuropeanPsychologist, 7(2), 85#97. [ doi:10.1027//1016-9040.7.2.85 ].

• Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower(Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 8, p. 47-89). New York:Academic Press. [ doi:10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60452-1. Traduit dans : Nicolas,S., & Piolino, M. P. (2010). Anthologie de psychologie cognitive de la mémoire :Fonctionnalisme et structuralisme. Bruxelles: De Boeck Supérieur. ].

• Barrouillet, P., & Camos, V. (2014). Working Memory: Loss and Reconstruction.Hove: Psychology Press.

• Gaonac'h, D., Larigauderie, P. (2000). Mémoire et fonctionnement cognitif : lamémoire de travail. Paris : Armand Colin

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mémoire de travailURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KK6LXTL8-PEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_4a3fd79d0b5a7

[Cognitive Atlas]https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567 [Wikidata]https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mémoire_de_travail [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_memory [Wikipedia EN]https://concepts.sagepub.com/social-science/concept/working_memory [SAGE]

working memory period paradigmBT: methodologyRT: · memory capacity

· working memoryMethod for studying working memory developed by Towse et al (2005).According to the authors, it consists in measuring "endurance limits forremembering a fixed number of items during concurrent processing" (p.547).

• Towse, J., Hitch, G., Hamilton, Z., Miller, K., & M Z Hutton, U. (2005). Workingmemory period: The endurance of mental representations. The Quarterly journalof experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology, 58, 547#571.[ doi:10.1080/02724980443000098 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: paradigme de la période de la mémoire de travailURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-K7QK5T5S-W

working memory updatingBT: working memoryRT: · n-back task

· running span taskNT: information removalAccording to task demands, the working memory content must beupdated. The updating of the working memory is performed by rejectingold information, reordering items and integrating new information(Berger et al. 1999).

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: mise à jour de la mémoire de travailURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-XJSCVLBW-BEQ: https://www.cognitiveatlas.org/concept/id/trm_55b6b9a666604

[Cognitive Atlas]

working selfBT: autobiographical memoryRT: self-memory systemReconstructs memories from conceptual knowledge and episodicmemories. Participates in the construction of personal identity.

• Conway, M. A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language,53(4), 594#628. [ doi:10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: self de travailURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VP9MVPHC-N

workload

→ cognitive load

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YERKES-DODSON'S LAW

YYerkes-Dodson's lawBT: theoryThe Yerkes-Dodson's law (1908) states that there is a reversed U-shaped relationship between cognitive performance and the level ofarousal. In other words, the extreme levels of arousal deteriorateperformance. Performance is best when arousal level is moderate.

• Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus torapidity of habit-formation. Journal of comparative neurology and psychology,18(5), 459–482. [ http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Yerkes/Law/ ].

PO: · Animal· Human

DO: PsychologyFR: loi de Yerkes-DodsonURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-NZ9KR4RW-ZEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1718689 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_de_Yerkes_et_Dodson[Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerkes-Dodson_law [Wikipedia EN]

yes/no recognition taskBT: recognition taskRT: California Verbal Learning Test In a yes/no recognition test, test items are presented one by one andthe subject has to decide for each item if it is old or new.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: tâche de reconnaissance oui/nonURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-KCMD8869-J

170 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

ZROC CURVE

Zz-ROC

→ zROC curve

Zeigarnik effectBT: memory biasRT: episodic memoryTendency to better remember discontinued tasks than completed tasks.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet ZeigarnikURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-RS4N9VCC-MEQ: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184812 [Wikidata]

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_Zeigarnik [Wikipédia FR]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeigarnik_effect [Wikipedia EN]

zombie effectBT: memory biasRT: · adaptive memory

· survival effect· survival processing

Better memory for words when they are processed in a fictional contextwhere zombies threaten survival.

• Bonin, P., Thiebaut, G., Prokop, P., & Méot, A. (2019). “In your head, zombie” :Zombies, predation and memory. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 31(7),635#650. [ doi:10.1080/20445911.2019.1664557 ].

• Soderstrom, N. C., & McCabe, D. P. (2011). Are survival processing memoryadvantages based on ancestral priorities? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,18(3), 564#569. [ doi:10.3758/s13423-011-0060-6 ].

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: effet zombieURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-VHX0X62N-B

zROC curveSyn: · z-ROC

· zROC functionBT: ROC curveThe zRoc is a z-tranformation of a ROC curve obtained by thecomputation of the z-scores of the hit and false alarms rates.

PO: HumanDO: PsychologyFR: courbe zROCURI: http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/P66-L8MR7ZLC-6

zROC function

→ zROC curve

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 171

LIST OF ENTRIES

List of entries

English French page

•A-B, A-Br learning task tâche d'apprentissage A-B, A-Br 6•A-B, A-C learning task tâche d'apprentissage A-B, A-C 6•A-B, C-B learning task tâche d'appentissage A-B, C-B 6•accelerated long-term memory oubli à long terme accéléré 6•accessibility/availability accessibilité/disponibilité 6•acetylcholine acétylcholine 7•acid bath theory théorie du bain d'acide 7•acquired prosopagnosia prosopagnosie acquise 7•Act-In model modèle Act-In 7•Act-In theory théorie Act-In 7•action memory mémoire des actions 7•activation activation 8•Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational 8•adaptive memory mémoire adaptative 8•affective priming task tâche d'amorçage affectif 8•affective working memory mémoire de travail affective 9•affordance affordance 9•age-associated memory impairment déficit de la mémoire lié à l'âge 9•agnosia agnosie 9•alcohol myopia myopie alcoolique 9•allocation of study time allocation d’un temps d’étude 9•alpha span empan alpha 9•Alzheimer's disease maladie d'Alzheimer 10•amnesia amnésie 10•amnestic mild cognitive impairment déficit cognitif léger amnésique 10•amnestic syndrome syndrome amnésique 10•amodal representation représentation amodale 10•amygdala amygdale 11•animacy effect effet d'animacité 11•anoetic consciousness conscience anoétique 11•anterograde amnesia amnésie antérograde 11•anti-reminiscence bump pic d'antiréminiscence 11•anticipation error erreur d'anticipation 11•ARC index indice ARC 12•articulatory loop boucle articulatoire 12•articulatory suppression effet de la suppression articulatoire 12•artificial grammar grammaire artificielle 12•associative blocking blocage associatif 12•associative chaining chaînage associatif 12•associative deficit déficit associatif 13•associative learning apprentissage associatif 13

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LIST OF ENTRIES

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•associative memory mémoire associative 13•associative priming amorçage associatif 13•associative recognition task tâche de reconnaissance associative 13•associative strength force associative 13•associative unlearning désapprentissage associatif 13•associative-activation theory théorie de l'activation associative 14•asymmetry effect effet d'asymétrie 14•ATHENA model modèle ATHENA 14•attention attention 14•attentional boost effect effet d'amélioration attentionnelle 14•attentional narrowing rétrécissement attentionnel 15•attentional refreshing rafraichissement attentionel 15•attribute amnesia amnésie des attributs 15•atypical protein kinase C protéine kinase C atypique 15•auditory deviant effect effet du déviant auditif 15•auditory imagery imagerie auditive 15•auditory memory mémoire auditive 16•auto-associative memory mémoire autoassociative 16•autobiographical fluency fluence autobiographique 16•autobiographical fluency task tâche de fluence autobiographique 16•autobiographical knowledge base base de connaissances autobiographiques 16•autobiographical memory mémoire autobiographique 16•autobiographical memory network réseau de la mémoire autobiographique 17•Autobiographical Memory Test Test de Mémoire Autobiographique 17•automatic priming amorçage automatique 17•automatic processing traitement automatique 17•autonoetic consciousness conscience autonoétique 17•backward associative strength force associative à rebours 18•backward conditioning conditionnement rétroactif 18•backward digit span empan de chiffres inversé 18•backward priming task tâche d'amorçage à rebours 18•backward serial position curve courbe de position sérielle rétrograde 18•Baddeley's model modèle de Baddeley 18•Baker/baker paradox paradoxe Boulanger/boulanger 18•basic level niveau de base 19•Bayesian models modèles bayésiens 19•bi-hippocampal amnestic syndrome syndrome amnésique bi-hippocampique 19•BIC model modèle BIC 19•bilateral field advantage avantage du champ bilatéral 19•binding liage 19•biological factor facteur biologique 20•bizarreness effect effet de la bizarrerie 20•bottom-up processing traitement ascendant 20•boundary extension illusion illusion de l'extension des limites 20•brain encéphale 20•brain-derived neurotrophic factor facteur neurotrophique dérivé du cerveau 20

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 173

LIST OF ENTRIES

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•Brown-Peterson task tâche de Brown-Peterson 21•buffer memory mémoire tampon 21•calibration calibrage 22•California Verbal Learning Test test d’apprentissage verbal de Californie 22•CARFAX model modèle CARFAX 22•categorical frequency estimation estimation de la fréquence catégorielle 22•categorization catégorisation 22•category repetition paradigm paradigme de répétition d’une catégorie 23•category size effect effet de la dimension de la catégorie 23•category-specific semantic deficit déficit sémantique spécifique à une

catégorie23

•causal theory of memory théorie causale de la mémoire 23•central executive administrateur central 23•change detection paradigm paradigme de détection du changement 24•changing distractor effect effet du changement de distraction 24•changing-state effect effet d'instabilité 24•choice blindness effect effet de la cécité au choix 24•choice reaction time temps de réaction de choix 24•choice-supportive memory mémoire soutenant le choix 25•chronesthesia chronesthésie 25•chronometry chronométrie 25•chunck groupement 25•Clark Kent effect effet Clark Kent 25•classical conditioning conditionnement classique 25•clustering regroupement 26•coding codage 26•cognition cognition 26•cognitive disorder trouble cognitif 26•cognitive economy économie cognitive 27•cognitive interview entretien cognitif 27•cognitive load charge cognitive 27•cognitive map carte cognitive 27•cognitive rehabilitation réhabilitation cognitive 27•cognitive reserve réserve cognitive 28•cognitive slowing ralentissement cognitif 28•cognitive triage effect effet de triage cognitif 28•cognitive-context dependent memory mémoire dépendante du contexte cognitif 28•collaborative inhibition inhibition collaborative 28•collective memory mémoire collective 28•commission error erreur de commission 29•complementary learning systems systèmes d'apprentissage complémentaires 29•complex span task tâche d'empan complexe 29•composite complex span empan complexe composite 29•composite face effect effet du visage composite 29•computation task empan de calcul 30•computational model modèle computationnel 30•conceptual fluency fluence conceptuelle 30

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•conceptual self self conceptuel 30•conceptual short-term memory mémoire conceptuelle à court terme 30•conceptual span empan conceptuel 30•conceptual structure account théorie des structures conceptuelles 31•concreteness effect effet de concrétude 31•confabulation confabulation 31•confidence confiance 31•configural processing traitement configural 31•conjoint recall paradigm paradigme de rappel conjoint 32•conjoint recognition paradigm paradigme de reconnaissance conjointe 32•conjunction error erreur de conjonction 32•conjunctive memory mémoire conjonctive 32•connectionism connexionnisme 32•consolidation consolidation 33•constructive episodic simulation hypothesis hypothèse de la simulation constructive

épisodique33

•context-dependent memory mémoire dépendante du contexte 33•context-dependent recognition reconnaissance dépendante du contexte 33•contextual availability disponibilité contextuelle 33•contextual memory mémoire contextuelle 34•contiguity effect effet de contiguïté 34•continuous paired-associate learning task tâche d'apprentissage continu de paires

associées34

•continuous recognition task tâche de reconnaissance continue 34•continuous reproduction task tâche de reproduction continue 34•continuous-distractor paradigm paradigme de distraction continue 34•controlled processing traitement contrôlé 34•core recollection network réseau cœur de la recollection 35•Corsi task épreuve de Corsi 35•counting span empan de comptage 35•crashing memories paradigm paradigme des crashing memories 35•CREB factor facteur CREB 35•cristallized intelligence intelligence cristallisée 36•cryptomnesia cryptomnésie 36•cue indice 36•cue depreciation effect effet de la dévalorisation de l'indice 36•cue-overload principle principe de la surcharge de l'indice 36•cue-word method méthode des mots indices 37•cued recall task tâche de rappel indicé 37•cumulative recall function fonction cumulative du rappel 37•d' index indice d' 38•declarative memory mémoire déclarative 38•declarative metamemory métamémoire déclarative 38•declarative working memory mémoire de travail déclarative 38•decoding décodage 38•default mode network réseau du mode par défaut 39•deferred imitation imitation différée 39

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LIST OF ENTRIES

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•déjà vu déjà vu 39•delay conditioning conditionnement différé 39•delayed judgment of learning effect effet du jugement d'apprentisage différé 39•dentate gyrus gyrus denté 40•destination memory mémoire du destinataire 40•developmental amnesia amnésie développementale 40•developmental prosopagnosia prosopagnosie développementale 40•developmental reversal inversion développementale 40•diary method méthode du journal intime 40•diffusion model modèle de diffusion 41•direct realism réalisme direct 41•direct test of memory test direct de la mémoire 41•directed forgetting oubli dirigé 41•directed free recall rappel libre dirigé 41•dishabituation déshabituation 42•distinctiveness distinctivité 42•distinctiveness effect effet de distinctivité 42•distinctiveness heuristic heuristique de distinctivité 42•distractor distracteur 42•distractor task tâche distractrice 42•distributed learning apprentissage distribué 42•distributed practice effect effet de pratique distribuée 42•distributional hypothesis hypothèse distributionnelle 43•divided attention attention divisée 43•Don't remember/Don't know paradigm paradigme Ne pas se souvenir/Ne pas

savoir43

•double-function pairs paire à double fonction 43•drawing effect effet du dessin 43•DRM paradigm paradigme DRM 44•dual coding theory théorie du double codage 44•dual task paradigm paradigme de la double tâche 44•dual-probe recognition task tâche de reconnaissance avec double

sonde 44

•dual-process models of recognition memory modèle à deux processus de lareconnaissance

44

•dud-alternative effect effet de l'alternative peu plausible 44•ease of learning facilité d'apprentissage 45•echoic memory mémoire échoïque 45•ecological assessment évaluation écologique 45•ecphory ecphorie 45•eidetic memory mémoire éidétique 45•elaboration élaboration 45•elaborative rehearsal répétition élaborée 46•elevated-attention hypothesis hypothèse de l'attention élevée 46•embedded-processes model modèle des processus imbriqués 46•embodied cognition cognition incarnée 46•emotion émotion 47

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•emotion valence valence émotionnelle 47•emotional arousal éveil émotionnel 47•emotional consolidation consolidation émotionnelle 47•enactment effect effet de l'exécution des actions 47•encoding specificity spécificité de l'encodage 47•encoding variability principle principe de la variabilité de l'encodage 48•encyclopedic memory mémoire encyclopédique 48•engram engramme 48•entorhinal cortex cortex entorhinal 48•environmental reduplicative paramnesia paramnésie reduplicative environnementale 48•environmental support hypothesis hypothèse du soutien environnemental 48•enzyme enzyme 49•episodic buffer tampon épisodique 49•episodic counterfactual thought pensée contrefactuelle épisodique 49•episodic future thought pensée future épisodique 49•episodic memory mémoire épisodique 49•episodic priming amorçage épisodique 51•episodic specificity induction induction de spécificité épisodique 51•episodic trace trace épisodique 51•episodicity épisodicité 51•estimator variable variable d’estimation 51•event-based prospective memory mémoire prospective événementielle 51•event-related potentials potentiels évoqués cognitifs 52•everyday amnesia amnésie quotidienne 52•exclusivity effect effet d'exclusivité 52•executive functions fonctions exécutives 52•executive loop boucle exécutive 52•exemplar theories théories de l'exemplaire 52•explanation inflation inflation par explication 53•explanatory role hypothesis hypothèse du rôle explicatif 53•explicit memory mémoire explicite 53•external aid aide externe 53•extinction extinction 53•extra-list cue indice hors-liste 53• fabrication inflation inflation par fabrication 54• face memory mémoire des visages 54• fading affect bias biais de l’affaiblissement de l’affect 54• false alarm fausse alarme 54• false autobiographical belief fausse croyance autobiographique 54• false fame effect effet de fausse célébrité 54• false feedback method méthode du faux retour 55• false feedback paradigm paradigme du faux retour 55• false memory faux souvenir 55• false recall faux rappel 55• false recognition fausse reconnaissance 56• false-persistence effect effet de fausse persistance 56

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LIST OF ENTRIES

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• familiarity familiarité 56• fan effect effet d'éventail 56• far transfer transfert éloigné 56• feature comparison model modèle de comparaison de traits 56• feedforward neural network réseau de neurones unidirectionnel 56• feeling of knowing jugement de connaissance 57• field point of view point de vue du champ 57• fill-in effect effet de remplissage 57• first-order relational processing traitement des relations de premier ordre 57• flashbulb memory souvenir flash 57• fluency heuristic heuristique de fluence 57• fluid intelligence intelligence fluide 57•FN400 wave onde FN400 58• focal prospective memory task tâche de mémoire prospective focale 58• focus of attention focus de l'attention 58• forced confabulation paradigm paradigme de la confabulation forcée 58• forced recall rappel forcé 58• foresight bias biais de prévision 58• forget-it-along-effect effet de l'oubli du souvenir 58• forgetting oubli 59• forgetting curve courbe d’oubli 59• forward associative strength force associative vers l’avant 59• forward conditioning conditionnement antérograde 59• forward serial position curve courbe de position sérielle antérograde 59• fragile visual short-term memory mémoire visuelle à court terme fragile 59• free recall task tâche de rappel libre 60• frontal lobe lobe frontal 60•Fröhlich effect effet Fröhlich 60• functional amnesia amnésie fonctionnelle 60• functional independence indépendance fonctionnelle 60• functional serial position curve courbe de position sérielle fonctionnelle 61• functionalist theories of memory théories fonctionnalistes de la mémoire 61• fusion method méthode de fusion 61• fuzzy trace theory théorie de la trace floue 61•Geiselman effect effet Geiselman 62•gene gène 62•generate-recognize theory théorie génération-reconnaissance 62•generation effect effet de génération 62•gestural loop boucle gestuelle 62•global matching model modèle à appariement global 63•global recognition task tâche de reconnaissance globale 63•glutamate glutamate 63•Go/NoGo task tâche Go/No Go 63•goal maintenance maintien du but 63•graphemic cued recall task tâche de rappel indicé graphémique 63•grid cell cellule de grille 64

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•group-reference effect effet du groupe de référence 64•grouping effect effet de regroupement 64•habituation habituation 65•habituation/dishabituation paradigm paradigme habituation/déshabituation 65•haptic memory mémoire haptique 65•hard-easy effect effet difficile-facile 65•HAROLD model modèle HAROLD 65•Hebb effect effet Hebb 65•Hebb's rule règle de Hebb 66•HERA model modèle HERA 66•high elaborated reminiscence style style de réminiscence fortement élaboré 66•highly superior autobiographical memory mémoire autobiographique hautement

supérieure66

•hippocampus hippocampe 67•historically defined autobiographical period période autobiographique historiquement

définie67

•hit détection correcte 67•holistic processing traitement holistique 67•hotspot hotspot 67•hub and spoke model modèle hub-and-spoke 67•humour effect effet de l'humour 67•Hunter-McCrary hypothesis hypothèse de Hunter-McCrary 68•hypercorrection effect effet d'hypercorrection 68•hypermnesia hypermnésie 68•hyperpriming hyperamorçage 68• iconic memory mémoire iconique 69• illusory truth effect effet de vérité illusoire 69• imagination inflation inflation par imagination 69• implanted false memory faux souvenir implanté 69• implicit associative response réponse associative implicite 69• implicit learning apprentissage implicite 70• implicit memory mémoire implicite 70• implicit working memory mémoire de travail implicite 70• important memories method méthode des souvenirs importants 70• impoverished relational-encoding encodage relationnel appauvri 70• incidental forgetting oubli incident 70• incidental learning apprentissage incident 71• indirect realism réalisme indirect 71• indirect test of memory test indirect de la mémoire 71• induced false memory faux souvenir induit 71• infantile amnesia amnésie infantile 71• inference-based false memory faux souvenir basé sur une inférence 71• information removal retrait d'une information 72• informational persistence persistance informationnelle 72• inhibition-induced forgetting oubli induit par l'inhibition 72• inhibitory control contrôle inhibiteur 72• inner scribe scribe interne 72

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• intention superiority effect effet de supériorité des intentions 72• intentional learning apprentissage intentionnel 72• interference interférence 73• interference resolution résolution de l'interférence 73• internal aid aide interne 73• interresponse time temps inter-réponses 73• interview entretien 73• intra-list cue indice intra-liste 73• intrusion recency effect effet de récence des intrusions 74• inversion effect effet d'inversion 74• involuntary memory souvenir involontaire 74• involuntary memory diary method méthode du journal des souvenirs

involontaires 74

• irrelevant sound effect effet du son non écouté 74• irrelevant speech effect effet du discours non écouté 74• item-method directed forgetting paradigm paradigme d'oubli dirigé en méthode item 75• item-specific processing traitement spécifique de l'item 75•Jost's laws lois de Jost 76• judgement of retention jugement de rétention 76• judgment of frequency jugement de fréquence 76• judgment of learning jugement d'apprentissage 76• judgment of recency jugement de récence 76• judgment of the rate of learning jugement du taux d'apprentissage 76•keyword method méthode du mot-clé 77•KIBRA gene gène KIBRA 77•Korsakoff syndrome syndrome de Korsakoff 77• lag effect effet d'intervalle 78• lag-recency effect effet de récence d'intervalle 78• language langage 78• language dependent memory mémoire dépendante du langage 78• language familiarity effect effet du langage familier 78• latent inhibition inhibition latente 78• latent learning apprentissage latent 79• latent semantic analysis analyse sémantique latente 79• law of disuse loi de l'inutilisation 79• law of effect loi de l'effet 79• law of exercise loi de l'exercice 79• law of use loi de l'utilisation 79• learning apprentissage 80• learning curve courbe d'apprentissage 80• letter number sequencing séquence lettres-chiffres 80• level-of-processing effect effet du niveau de traitement 80• levels of processing niveaux de traitement 80• lexical decision task tâche de décision lexicale 81• lexicality effect effet de lexicalité 81• life script scénario de vie 81• list composition effect effets de la composition de la liste 81

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• list-length effect effet de longueur de la liste 81• list-method directed forgetting paradigm paradigme d'oubli dirigé en méthode liste 81• list-strength effect effet de la force intra-liste 82• listening span empan d'écoute 82• living-in-history effect effet vivre dans l'histoire 82• local recognition task tâche de reconnaissance locale 82• locality constraint contrainte locale 82• location updating effect effet de la mise à jour de la localisation 82• long-term depression dépression à long terme 83• long-term memory mémoire à long terme 83• long-term potentiation potentialisation à long terme 83• long-term recency effect effet de récence à long terme 83• long-term working memory mémoire de travail à long terme 84• lost in the mall paradigm paradigme « Perdu dans une centre

commercial »84

• low elaborated reminiscence style style de réminiscence faiblement élaboré 84•LPC wave onde LPC 84•maintenance rehearsal répétition de maintien 85•massed learning apprentissage massé 85•medial prefrontal cortex cortex préfrontal médian 85•medial temporal lobe lobe temporal médian 85•mediated priming amorçage médiatisé 85•mediation deficiency déficience de médiation 85•memory mémoire 86•memory amplification effect effet d'amplification mnésique 86•memory bias biais mnésique 86•memory capacity capacité de la mémoire 87•Memory Characteristics Questionnaire Memory Characteristics Questionnaire 87•memory complaint plainte mnésique 88•memory conformity conformisme des souvenirs 88•memory disorder trouble de la mémoire 88•Memory Experiences Questionaire Memory Experiences Questionnaire 89•memory foraging fourrageage mnésique 89•memory organization organisation de la mémoire 89•memory self-efficacy sentiment d'efficacité mnésique 89•memory strength force du souvenir 89•mental imagery imagerie mentale 90•mental lexicon lexique mental 90•mental simulation simulation mentale 90•mental time travel voyage mental dans le temps 90•mere exposure effect effet de simple exposition 90•metamemory métamémoire 91•methodology méthodologie 91•mild cognitive impairment déficit cognitif léger 92•MINERVA 2 MINERVA2 92•mirror effect effet miroir 92•mirror learning tâche de lecture en miroir 92

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•misinformation effect effet des informations trompeuses 92•misinformation paradigm paradigme des informations trompeuses 93•misleading information information trompeuse 93•missing scan task tâche de recherche de l'item manquant 93•MMFR procedure procédure MMFR 93•mnemic neglect négligence mnésique 93•mnemicity mnémicité 93•mnemonic similarity task tâche de similarité mnésique 94•mnemonic time-travel effect effet du voyage mnésique dans le temps 94•MNESIS model modèle MNESIS 94•mobile conjugate reinforcement technique du renforcement conjugué 94•modal model of memory modèle modal de la mémoire 95•modal representation représentation modale 95•modality effect effet de modalité (rappel) 95•modality effect in false memories effet de modalité (faux souvenirs) 95•modality tagging marquage de la modalité 95•model modèle 95•modified free recall procédure procédure de rappel libre modifié 95•mood-congruent memory mémoire congruente avec l'humeur 96•mood-dependent memory mémoire dépendante de l'humeur 96•morphological priming amorçage morphologique 96•motivated forgetting oubli motivé 96•movement span empan de mouvement 96•MT+ area aire MT+ 96•multidimensional face space model modèle de l'espace multidimensionnel des

visages96

•multiple trace model modèle à traces multiples 97•multitrial free recall rappel libre à essais multiples 97•n-back task tâche n-back 98•naming task tâche de dénomination 98•near transfer transfert proche 98•negation-induced forgetting oubli induit par la négation 98•negative acceleration curve courbe d'accélération négative 98•negative priming amorçage négatif 98•negative recency effect effet de récence négatif 98•negative repetition effect effet négatif de la répétition 98•negative subsequent memory effect effet de la mémoire subséquente négatif 99•negative transfer transfert négatif 99•negativity bias biais de négativité 99•neurogenic hypthothesis hypothèse de la neurogénèse 99•neuropsychological test test neuropsychologique 99•neurotransmitter neurotransmetteur 99•neurotrophin neurotrophine 100•NICHD protocol protocole du NICHD 100•node nœud 100•noetic consciousness conscience noétique 100•non associative learning apprentissage non associatif 100

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•non declarative memory mémoire non déclarative 100•non-computational model modèle non computationnel 100•non-focal prospective memory task tâche de mémoire prospective non focale 101•nonbelieved memory souvenir contesté 101•nonsense syllabes syllabes sans signification 101•nonword repetition task tâche de répétition de non mots 101•Now Print! mechanism mécanisme de l'« empreinte du moment » 101•numerical judgment of recency jugement de récence numérique 101•observer point of view point de vue de l'observateur 102•ogive learning curve courbe d'apprentissage en ogive 102•old/new effect effet ancien/nouveau 102•omission error erreur d'omission 102•one-list-back paradigm paradigme « One-list-back » 102•onset repulsion effect effet de répulsion de la position initiale 102•operant conditioning conditionnement opérant 103•operation span empan d'opération 103•optogenetics optogénétique 103•organization organisation 103•orienting task tâche d'orientation 103•orthographic distinctiveness effect effet d'orthographie 103•OSCAR model modèle OSCAR 104•output interference interférence de sortie 104•overgeneral memory souvenir surgénéralisé 104•overgeneral memory bias biais de surgénéralité 104•overt-repetition technique technique de répétition à voix haute 104•own-age bias biais lié au groupe d’âge d’appartenance 105•own-group bias biais lié au groupe d'appartenance 105•own-race bias biais lié à l’ethnie d’appartenance 105•own-sex bias biais lié au sexe d’appartenance 105•own-species bias biais lié à l’espèce d’appartenance 105•ownership effect effet de propriété 106•paired-associates learning task tâche d'apprentissage de paires associées 107•Papez circuit circuit de Papez 107•paradoxal sleep sommeil paradoxal 107•parahippocampal cortex cortex parahippocampique 107•parietal lobe lobe pariétal 107•parietal memory network réseau pariétal de la mémoire 108•part-set cuing indiçage partiel 108•partial report task tâche de rapport partiel 108•PASA Model modèle PASA 108•pattern completion complètement de pattern 108•pattern separation séparation de pattern 108•perceptual fluency fluence perceptive 109•perceptual identification task tâche d'identification perceptive 109•perceptual interference effect effet d'interférence perceptive 109•perceptual learning apprentissage perceptif 109

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•perceptual priming amorçage perceptif 109•perceptual representation system système de représentations perceptives 109•perceptual span empan perceptif 109•perirhinal cortex cortex périrhinal 109•permastore effect effet permastore 110•personal semantic memory mémoire sémantique personnelle 110•phantom recollection recollection fantôme 110•phenomenological characteristic caractéristique phénoménologique 110•phonemic verbal fluency test test de fluence verbale phonémique 110•phonological loop boucle phonologique 110•phonological neighbourhood effect effet du voisinage phonologique 111•phonological priming amorçage phonologique 111•phonological similarity effect effet de similarité phonologique 111•phonological store registre phonologique 111•phonotactic frequency fréquence phonotactique 111•phosphatase phosphatase 111•phyletic memory mémoire phylétique 111•picture complexity effect effet de la complexité des images 112•pictures superiority effect effet de supériorité des images 112•place cell cellule de lieu 112•positional coding theory théorie du codage positionnel 112•positive acceleration curve courbe d'accélération positive 112•positive subsequent memory effect effet de la mémoire subséquente positif 112•positive transfer transfert positif 112•positivity bias biais de positivité 113•posterior parietal cortex cortex pariétal postérieur 113•postponement error erreur de report 113•prediction of knowing prédiction de connaissance 113•prediction of learning prédiction d'apprentissage 113•prefix effect effet du préfixe 113•prefrontal cortex cortex préfrontal 114•pretesting effect effet du prétesting 114•primacy effect effet de primauté 114•primacy model Primacy (modèle) 114•primary distinctiveness effect effet de distinctivité primaire 114•prime amorce 114•prime-task effect effet de la tâche sur l'amorçe 114•priming amorçage 115•principle of coherence principe de cohérence 115•principle of correspondence principe de correspondance 115•principle of desirable difficulties principe des difficultés désirables 115•principle of mass action principe de l'action de masse 115•prior knowledge connaissances pré-existantes 115•proactive interference interférence proactive 116•probed recall rappel avec sonde 116•procedural memory mémoire procédurale 116

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•procedural metamemory métamémoire procédurale 116•procedural working memory mémoire de travail procédurale 116•process dissociation procedure procédure de dissociation des processus 116•processing fluency fluence du traitement 117•production deficiency déficience de production 117•production effect effet de production 117•production rule règle de production 117•proper name anomia anomie des noms propres 117•proposition proposition 117•prosopagnosia prosopagnosie 118•prosopamnesia prosopamnésie 118•prospective confidence confiance prospective 118•prospective memory mémoire prospective 118•protein kinase protéine kinase 118•protein kinase C protéine kinase C 118•protein kinase Mζ protéine kinase Mζ 119•prototype prototype 119•prototype effect effet du prototype 119•pseudoword effect effet des pseudomots 119•pupil old/new effect effet ancien/nouveau sur la pupille 119•pupillometry pupillométrie 119•questionnaire questionnaire 120•R/K paradigm paradigme R/K 121• random generation task tâche de génération aléatoire 121•Ranschburg effect effet Ranschburg 121• ratio rule règle du ratio 121• rationalization rationalisation 121• reaction time temps de réaction 122• reading span empan de lecture 122• reading-digit span empan de lecture de chiffres 122• recall task tâche de rappel 122• recency effect effet de récence 123• recognition failure échec de la reconnaissance 123• recognition span empan de reconnaissance 123• recognition task tâche de reconnaissance 123• recognition without identification reconnaissance sans identification 124• recognition-induced forgetting oubli induit par la reconnaissance 124• recollection recollection 124• recollection without remembering recollection sans souvenir 124• recollective confabulation confabulation recollective 124• reconsolidation reconsolidation 124• reconstrutive memory mémoire reconstructive 125• redintegration rédintégration 125• rehearsal autorépétition 125• reinforcement renforcement 125• relational memory mémoire relationnelle 125

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• relational processing traitement relationnel 125• relative distinctiveness principle principe de distinctivité relative 126• relative judgment of recency jugement relatif de récence 126• release from proactive interference levée de l'interférence proactive 126• relocation bump pic de relocalisation 126• remembered utility utilité remémorée 126• reminiscence réminiscence 126• reminiscence bump pic de réminiscence 126• reminiscence style style de réminiscence 127• repeated reproduction reproduction répétée 127• repetition effect effet de répétition 127• repetition enhancement amélioration par répétition 127• repetition priming amorçage par répétition 127• repetition suppression suppression par répétition 127• repisodic memory souvenir répisodique 128• reproductive inhibition inhibition reproductive 128• response bias biais de réponse 128• response competition compétition des réponses 128• response signal procedure procédure du signal de la réponse 128• retention interval intervalle de rétention 128• retrieval récupération 129• retrieval effort effort de récupération 129• retrieval effort hypothesis hypothèse de l'effort de récupération 129• retrieval fluency fluence de la récupération 129• retrieval mode mode de récupération 129• retrieval orientation orientation de la récupération 130• retrieval practice pratique de la récupération 130• retrieval success succès de la récupération 130• retrieval-enhanced suggestibility suggestibilité facilitée par la récupération 130• retrieval-induced facilitation facilitation induite par la récupération 130• retrieval-induced forgetting oubli induit par la récupération 130• retro-cue effect effet de l'indice rétroactif 131• retroactive interference interférence rétroactive 131• retrograde amnesia amnésie rétrograde 131• retrograde facilitation facilitation rétrograde 131• retrospection bias biais de rétrospection 131• retrospective confidence confiance rétrospective 131• retrospective memory mémoire rétrospective 132• revelation effect effet de révélation 132• reverse interference effect effet inversé de l'interférence 132•Ribot's law loi de Ribot 132•ROC curve courbe ROC 132• rotation letter task tâche de rotation de lettres 133• rumor mongering paradigm paradigme de diffusion d’une rumeur 133• running span task tâche de running span 133•SAM model modèle SAM 134

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•sandwich effect effet sandwich 134•SAT function fonction SAT 134•saving method méthode d'économie 134•schema schéma 134•schema-based false memory faux souvenir basé sur un schéma 134•script scénario 135•second-order conditioning conditionnement de second ordre 135•second-order relational processing traitement des relations de second ordre 135•secondary distinctiveness effect effet de distinctivité secondaire 135•selective attention attention sélective 135•selective interference paradigm paradigme d’interférence sélective 135•self-choice effect effet du choix personnel 136•self-defining memory souvenir définissant le soi 136•self-directed learning apprentissage autodirigé 136•self-limiting process processus auto-limitant 136•self-memory model modèle de la mémoire du self 136•self-memory system système de la mémoire du self 136•Self-Ordered Pointing Test Self-Ordered Pointing Test 136•self-reference effect effet de référence à soi 137•self-reference recollection effect effet de référence à soi recollective 137•SEM model modèle SEM 137•semantic blocking effect effet de regroupement sémantique 137•semantic dementia démence sémantique 137•semantic differential différenciateur sémantique 137•semantic distance distance sémantique 138•semantic feature trait sémantique 138•semantic memory mémoire sémantique 138•semantic network réseau sémantique 139•semantic priming amorçage sémantique 139•semantic prospection pensée future sémantique 139•semantic proximity effect effet de proximité sémantique 139•semantic satiation satiété sémantique 139•semantic short-term memory mémoire à court terme sémantique 139•semantic space espace sémantique 140•semantic verbal fluency test test de fluence verbale sémantique 140•semantization sémantisation 140•sensitization sensibilisation 140•sensory memory mémoire sensorielle 140•sensory preconditioning préconditionnement sensoriel 140•sensory reactivation hypothesis hypothèse de la réactivation sensorielle 141•sensory recruitment recrutement sensoriel 141•sensory/functional theory théorie sensorielle/fonctionnelle 141•sentence superiority effect effet de supériorité des phrases 141•sentence verification task tâche de vérification de phrases 141•serial order intrusion intrusion de l'ordre sériel 141•serial order reconstruction task tâche de reconstruction de l'ordre sériel 142

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•serial position effect effet de position sérielle 142•serial recall task tâche de rappel sériel 142•serial recognition task tâche de reconnaissance sérielle 142•serial reproduction reproduction sérielle 142•serial search recherche sérielle 143•severely deficient autobiographical memory mémoire autobiographique gravement

déficiente143

•short-term consolidation consolidation à court terme 143•short-term memory mémoire à court terme 143•signal detection theory théorie de la détection du signal 144•SIMPLE model modèle SIMPLE 144•simple reaction time temps de réaction simple 144•simple span empan simple 144•simultaneous conditioning conditionnement simultané 145•simultaneous learning effect effet de l'apprentissage simultané 145•single-process models of recognition memory modèles à processus unique de la

reconnaissance145

•size congruency effect effet de la congruence de la taille 145•Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis hypothèse de Skaggs-Robinson 145•skill acquisition acquisition d’une habileté 145•sleeper effect effet d'assoupissement 146•small-world network réseau du petit monde 146•SOB-CS model modèle SOB-CS 146•social learning apprentissage social 146•social working memory mémoire de travail sociale 146•socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting oubli induit par la récupération socialement

partagé146

•source amnesia amnésie de la source 146•source attribution error erreur d'attribution de la source 147•source memory mémoire de la source 147•source monitoring contrôle de la source 147•source overdistribution surdistribution de la source 147•spaced retrieval récupération espacée 147•spacing effect effet d'espacement 147•span empan 148•spatial memory mémoire spatiale 148•spatial span empan spatial 148•SPI model modèle SPI 148•spin list liste en roue 148•spontaneous false memory faux souvenir spontané 149•spontaneous recovery (conditioning) récupération spontanée (conditionnement) 149•spontaneous recovery (memory) récupération spontanée (mémoire) 149•spreading activation propagation de l'activation 149•stability bias biais de stabilité 149•state-dependent memory mémoire dépendante de l'état 149•statistical learning apprentissage statistique 150•Sternberg task tâche de Sternberg 150

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•stimulus-onset asynchrony asynchronie du début du stimulus 150•stochastic independence indépendance stochastique 150•storage stockage 150•strategic priming amorçage stratégique 150•strategy stratégie 151•strength-based mirror effect effet miroir basé sur la force 151•Stroop test test de Stroop 151•structural theories of memory théories structurales de la mémoire 151•subjective organization organisation subjective 152•subsequent memory effect effet de la mémoire subséquente 152•suffix effect effet du suffixe 152•suggestibility suggestibilité 152•supervisory attentional system système attentionnel superviseur 153•suppression-induced forgetting oubli induit par la suppression 153•survival effect effet de survie 153•survival processing traitement de survie 153•symmetry span empan de symétrie 153•synaptic consolidation consolidation synaptique 153•synaptic weight poids synaptique 154•syntactic priming amorçage syntaxique 154•system variable variable du système 154•systems consolidation consolidation des systèmes 154• taboo word effect effet des mots tabous 155• target effect effet de la cible 155• targeted memory reactivation réactivation ciblée d'un souvenir 155• task switching alternance de tâches 155• telescoping effect effet télescopique 155• temporal compression compression temporelle 155• temporal distinctiveness distinctivité temporelle 156• temporal gradient of retroactive interference gradient temporel de l'interférence

rétroactive156

• temporal isolation effect effet d'isolement temporel 156• temporal lobe lobe temporal 156• temporal memory mémoire temporelle 156• test expectancy effect effet de l'attente du test 156•Test of Episodic Memory for the

Autobiographical PastTest Episodique de Mémoire du PasséAutobiographique

156

• test-potentiated new learning apprentissage nouveau favorisé par le test 157• testing effect effet du testing 157• theory théorie 157• think/not think paradigm paradigme penser/ne pas penser 157• thinking-induced forgetting oubli induit par la pensée 158• thought substitution method méthode de substitution de pensée 158• time cell cellule de temps 158• time-based prospective memory mémoire prospective temporelle 158• time-based resource sharing model modèle du partage temporel des ressources 158• tip-of-the-tongue mot sur le bout de la langue 158

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• top-down processing traitement descendant 159• topographical memory loss perte de la mémoire topographique 159• total-time hypothesis hypothèse du temps total 159• trace conditioning conditionnement de trace 159• trace decay déclin de la trace 159•TraceLink model modèle Tracelink 159•Trail Making Test Trail Making Test 160• train task tâche du train 160• transactive memory mémoire transactive 160• transcription factor facteur de transcription 160• transfer transfert 160• transfer and retroaction surface surface de transfert et de rétroaction 160• transfer-appropriate processing traitement approprié au transfert 160• transient epileptic amnesia amnésie épileptique transitoire 161• transient global amnesia amnésie globale transitoire 161• transposition error erreur de transposition 161• transposition gradient gradient de transposition 161• treatment traitement 161• true-false effect effet vrai-faux 161•Tulving-Wiseman law loi de Tulving-Wiseman 161• tunnel memory souvenir tunnel 162• two alternatives forced choice choix forcé à deux alternatives 162• typicality typicalité 162• typicality effect effet de typicalité 162• typicality gradient gradient de typicalité 162•uncinate fasciculus faisceau unciné 163•unconscious priming amorçage inconscient 163•unconscious transference transfert inconscient 163•unitization unitisation 163•utilization deficiency déficience d’utilisation 163•vanishing cues method méthode d'estompage des indices 164•verbal association task tâche d'association verbale 164•verbal memory mémoire verbale 164•verbal overshadowing effect effet d'ombrage verbal 164•verbal span empan verbal 165•vicarious memory souvenir vicariant 165•violation of expectation paradigm paradigme de violation des attentes 165•visible persistance persistance visible 165•visual cache cache visuel 165•visual imagery imagerie visuelle 165•visual memory mémoire visuelle 166•visual paired-comparison paradigm paradigme de comparaison visuelle par

paire166

•visuo-spatial sketchpad calepin visuo-spatial 166•von Restorff effect effet von Restorff 166•weapon focus effect effet de focalisation sur l'arme 167•Wechsler Memory Scale échelle de mémoire de Wechsler 167

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•whole-part effect effet du tout sur la partie 167•Wisconsin Card Sorting Test test de classement de cartes du Wisconsin 167•word frequency fréquence du mot 167•word length effect effet de la longueur du mot 168•word-fragment completion task tâche de complètement de mots fragmentés 168•word-frequency effect effet de la fréquence des mots 168•word-stem completion task tâche de complètement de début de mots 168•working memory mémoire de travail 168•working memory period paradigm paradigme de la période de la mémoire de

travail169

•working memory updating mise à jour de la mémoire de travail 169•working self self de travail 169•Yerkes-Dodson's law loi de Yerkes-Dodson 170•yes/no recognition task tâche de reconnaissance oui/non 170•Zeigarnik effect effet Zeigarnik 171•zombie effect effet zombie 171•zROC curve courbe zROC 171

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TREE

Treebiological factor (p.20)

enzyme (p.49)phosphatase (p.111)protein kinase (p.118)

protein kinase C (p.118)atypical protein kinase C (p.15)

protein kinase Mζ (p.119)gene (p.62)

KIBRA gene (p.77)neurotransmitter (p.99)

acetylcholine (p.7)glutamate (p.63)

neurotrophin (p.100)brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p.20)

transcription factor (p.160)CREB factor (p.35)

brain (p.20)MT+ area (p.96)Papez circuit (p.107)autobiographical memory network (p.17)core recollection network (p.35)default mode network (p.39)frontal lobe (p.60)

prefrontal cortex (p.114)medial prefrontal cortex (p.85)

long-term depression (p.83)long-term potentiation (p.83)old/new effect (p.102)paradoxal sleep (p.107)parietal lobe (p.107)

posterior parietal cortex (p.113)parietal memory network (p.108)repetition enhancement (p.127)repetition suppression (p.127)uncinate fasciculus (p.163)

cognition (p.26)affordance (p.9)attention (p.14)

divided attention (p.43)focus of attention (p.58)

attentional refreshing (p.15)selective attention (p.135)task switching (p.155)

automatic processing (p.17)bottom-up processing (p.20)cognitive disorder (p.26)

memory disorder (p.88)Alzheimer's disease (p.10)accelerated long-term memory (p.6)age-associated memory impairment (p.9)agnosia (p.9)

prosopagnosia (p.118)acquired prosopagnosia (p.7)developmental prosopagnosia (p.40)

amnesia (p.10)amnestic mild cognitive impairment (p.10)amnestic syndrome (p.10)

Korsakoff syndrome (p.77)bi-hippocampal amnestic syndrome (p.19)developmental amnesia (p.40)

anterograde amnesia (p.11)prosopamnesia (p.118)

functional amnesia (p.60)retrograde amnesia (p.131)source amnesia (p.146)topographical memory loss (p.159)

192 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

TREE

transient epileptic amnesia (p.161)transient global amnesia (p.161)

category-specific semantic deficit (p.23)confabulation (p.31)

recollective confabulation (p.124)environmental reduplicative paramnesia (p.48)proper name anomia (p.117)semantic dementia (p.137)severely deficient autobiographical memory (p.143)

mild cognitive impairment (p.92)amnestic mild cognitive impairment (p.10)

cognitive economy (p.27)cognitive load (p.27)cognitive reserve (p.28)controlled processing (p.34)cristallized intelligence (p.36)decoding (p.38)embodied cognition (p.46)

mental simulation (p.90)executive functions (p.52)fluid intelligence (p.57)interference (p.73)

associative blocking (p.12)interference resolution (p.73)output interference (p.104)perceptual interference effect (p.109)proactive interference (p.116)

release from proactive interference (p.126)reverse interference effect (p.132)

retroactive interference (p.131)associative unlearning (p.13)spontaneous recovery (memory) (p.149)temporal gradient of retroactive interference (p.156)transfer and retroaction surface (p.160)

semantic blocking effect (p.137)language (p.78)

phonotactic frequency (p.111)verbal memory (p.164)word frequency (p.167)

learning (p.80)Hebb's rule (p.66)associative learning (p.13)

classical conditioning (p.25)extinction (p.53)latent inhibition (p.78)second-order conditioning (p.135)sensory preconditioning (p.140)spontaneous recovery (conditioning) (p.149)

operant conditioning (p.103)distributed learning (p.42)implicit learning (p.70)

statistical learning (p.150)incidental learning (p.71)intentional learning (p.72)latent learning (p.79)learning curve (p.80)

negative acceleration curve (p.98)ogive learning curve (p.102)positive acceleration curve (p.112)

massed learning (p.85)non associative learning (p.100)

dishabituation (p.42)habituation (p.65)sensitization (p.140)

perceptual learning (p.109)principle of desirable difficulties (p.115)reinforcement (p.125)self-directed learning (p.136)skill acquisition (p.145)social learning (p.146)transfer (p.160)

far transfer (p.56)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 193

TREE

near transfer (p.98)negative transfer (p.99)positive transfer (p.112)

memory (p.86)adaptive memory (p.8)

survival processing (p.153)associative memory (p.13)

associative strength (p.13)backward associative strength (p.18)forward associative strength (p.59)

binding (p.19)conjunctive memory (p.32)relational memory (p.125)unitization (p.163)

auditory memory (p.16)echoic memory (p.45)

coding (p.26)elaboration (p.45)

elaborative rehearsal (p.46)encoding variability principle (p.48)item-specific processing (p.75)modality tagging (p.95)pattern separation (p.108)principle of desirable difficulties (p.115)relational processing (p.125)

collective memory (p.28)transactive memory (p.160)

configural processing (p.31)first-order relational processing (p.57)holistic processing (p.67)second-order relational processing (p.135)

cue (p.36)extra-list cue (p.53)intra-list cue (p.73)

distinctiveness (p.42)relative distinctiveness principle (p.126)

false memory (p.55)commission error (p.29)developmental reversal (p.40)false autobiographical belief (p.54)false recall (p.55)false recognition (p.56)induced false memory (p.71)

explanation inflation (p.53)fabrication inflation (p.54)imagination inflation (p.69)implanted false memory (p.69)suggestibility (p.152)

memory conformity (p.88)retrieval-enhanced suggestibility (p.130)

source attribution error (p.147)spontaneous false memory (p.149)

boundary extension illusion (p.20)conjunction error (p.32)cryptomnesia (p.36)false fame effect (p.54)inference-based false memory (p.71)

schema-based false memory (p.134)revelation effect (p.132)unconscious transference (p.163)

forgetting (p.59)everyday amnesia (p.52)forgetting curve (p.59)incidental forgetting (p.70)

attribute amnesia (p.15)inhibition-induced forgetting (p.72)negation-induced forgetting (p.98)retrieval-induced forgetting (p.130)

recognition-induced forgetting (p.124)socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (p.146)

thinking-induced forgetting (p.158)infantile amnesia (p.71)

194 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

TREE

motivated forgetting (p.96)directed forgetting (p.41)suppression-induced forgetting (p.153)

omission error (p.102)reproductive inhibition (p.128)self-limiting process (p.136)

hypermnesia (p.68)long-term depression (p.83)memory bias (p.86)

Baker/baker paradox (p.18)Clark Kent effect (p.25)Fröhlich effect (p.60)Geiselman effect (p.62)Ranschburg effect (p.121)Zeigarnik effect (p.171)animacy effect (p.11)anti-reminiscence bump (p.11)articulatory suppression (p.12)asymmetry effect (p.14)attentional boost effect (p.14)bilateral field advantage (p.19)category size effect (p.23)choice blindness effect (p.24)choice-supportive memory (p.25)cognitive triage effect (p.28)cognitive-context dependent memory (p.28)

language dependent memory (p.78)composite face effect (p.29)concreteness effect (p.31)contiguity effect (p.34)cue depreciation effect (p.36)delayed judgment of learning effect (p.39)distinctiveness effect (p.42)

primary distinctiveness effect (p.114)temporal isolation effect (p.156)von Restorff effect (p.166)

secondary distinctiveness effect (p.135)bizarreness effect (p.20)orthographic distinctiveness effect (p.103)

distributed practice effect (p.42)lag effect (p.78)spacing effect (p.147)

drawing effect (p.43)dud-alternative effect (p.44)enactment effect (p.47)exclusivity effect (p.52)fading affect bias (p.54)false-persistence effect (p.56)fan effect (p.56)fill-in effect (p.57)foresight bias (p.58)forget-it-along-effect (p.58)generation effect (p.62)group-reference effect (p.64)grouping effect (p.64)hard-easy effect (p.65)humour effect (p.67)hypercorrection effect (p.68)illusory truth effect (p.69)intention superiority effect (p.72)inversion effect (p.74)irrelevant sound effect (p.74)

auditory deviant effect (p.15)changing-state effect (p.24)

irrelevant speech effect (p.74)lag-recency effect (p.78)language familiarity effect (p.78)level-of-processing effect (p.80)lexicality effect (p.81)list composition effect (p.81)list-length effect (p.81)list-strength effect (p.82)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 195

TREE

living-in-history effect (p.82)location updating effect (p.82)memory amplification effect (p.86)mere exposure effect (p.90)mirror effect (p.92)

strength-based mirror effect (p.151)misinformation effect (p.92)mnemic neglect (p.93)mnemonic time-travel effect (p.94)modality effect (p.95)modality effect in false memories (p.95)mood-congruent memory (p.96)mood-dependent memory (p.96)negative repetition effect (p.98)negativity bias (p.99)onset repulsion effect (p.102)overgeneral memory bias (p.104)own-group bias (p.105)

own-age bias (p.105)own-race bias (p.105)own-sex bias (p.105)own-species bias (p.105)

permastore effect (p.110)phonological neighbourhood effect (p.111)phonological similarity effect (p.111)picture complexity effect (p.112)pictures superiority effect (p.112)positivity bias (p.113)prefix effect (p.113)pretesting effect (p.114)prime-task effect (p.114)production effect (p.117)prototype effect (p.119)pseudoword effect (p.119)recollection without remembering (p.124)reminiscence bump (p.126)

relocation bump (p.126)repetition effect (p.127)

Hebb effect (p.65)retro-cue effect (p.131)retrospection bias (p.131)sandwich effect (p.134)self-choice effect (p.136)self-reference effect (p.137)

ownership effect (p.106)self-reference recollection effect (p.137)

semantic proximity effect (p.139)semantic satiation (p.139)sentence superiority effect (p.141)serial order intrusion (p.141)serial position effect (p.142)

backward serial position curve (p.18)forward serial position curve (p.59)functional serial position curve (p.61)primacy effect (p.114)recency effect (p.123)

intrusion recency effect (p.74)long-term recency effect (p.83)

changing distractor effect (p.24)negative recency effect (p.98)ratio rule (p.121)suffix effect (p.152)

simultaneous learning effect (p.145)size congruency effect (p.145)sleeper effect (p.146)source overdistribution (p.147)stability bias (p.149)survival effect (p.153)taboo word effect (p.155)target effect (p.155)telescoping effect (p.155)test expectancy effect (p.156)

196 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

TREE

transposition error (p.161)anticipation error (p.11)locality constraint (p.82)postponement error (p.113)transposition gradient (p.161)

true-false effect (p.161)tunnel memory (p.162)typicality effect (p.162)verbal overshadowing effect (p.164)weapon focus effect (p.167)whole-part effect (p.167)word length effect (p.168)word-frequency effect (p.168)zombie effect (p.171)

memory disorder (p.88)Alzheimer's disease (p.10)accelerated long-term memory (p.6)age-associated memory impairment (p.9)agnosia (p.9)

prosopagnosia (p.118)acquired prosopagnosia (p.7)developmental prosopagnosia (p.40)

amnesia (p.10)amnestic mild cognitive impairment (p.10)amnestic syndrome (p.10)

Korsakoff syndrome (p.77)bi-hippocampal amnestic syndrome (p.19)developmental amnesia (p.40)

anterograde amnesia (p.11)prosopamnesia (p.118)

functional amnesia (p.60)retrograde amnesia (p.131)source amnesia (p.146)topographical memory loss (p.159)transient epileptic amnesia (p.161)transient global amnesia (p.161)

category-specific semantic deficit (p.23)confabulation (p.31)

recollective confabulation (p.124)environmental reduplicative paramnesia (p.48)proper name anomia (p.117)semantic dementia (p.137)severely deficient autobiographical memory (p.143)

memory organization (p.89)metamemory (p.91)

declarative metamemory (p.38)memory complaint (p.88)memory self-efficacy (p.89)

procedural metamemory (p.116)allocation of study time (p.9)confidence (p.31)

prospective confidence (p.118)retrospective confidence (p.131)

distinctiveness heuristic (p.42)ease of learning (p.45)feeling of knowing (p.57)judgement of retention (p.76)judgment of learning (p.76)judgment of the rate of learning (p.76)prediction of knowing (p.113)prediction of learning (p.113)processing fluency (p.117)

conceptual fluency (p.30)perceptual fluency (p.109)retrieval fluency (p.129)

fluency heuristic (p.57)source monitoring (p.147)tip-of-the-tongue (p.158)

mnemicity (p.93)phyletic memory (p.111)reconstrutive memory (p.125)remembered utility (p.126)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 197

TREE

repisodic memory (p.128)retrieval (p.129)

accessibility/availability (p.6)activation (p.8)

spreading activation (p.149)explicit memory (p.53)implicit memory (p.70)

perceptual representation system (p.109)priming (p.115)

associative priming (p.13)automatic priming (p.17)episodic priming (p.51)morphological priming (p.96)negative priming (p.98)perceptual priming (p.109)phonological priming (p.111)repetition priming (p.127)semantic priming (p.139)

hyperpriming (p.68)mediated priming (p.85)

strategic priming (p.150)syntactic priming (p.154)unconscious priming (p.163)

involuntary memory (p.74)judgment of frequency (p.76)

categorical frequency estimation (p.22)memory foraging (p.89)pattern completion (p.108)redintegration (p.125)reminiscence (p.126)repeated reproduction (p.127)response competition (p.128)retrieval effort (p.129)retrieval mode (p.129)retrieval orientation (p.130)retrieval success (p.130)retrieval-induced facilitation (p.130)self-limiting process (p.136)

spatial memory (p.148)cognitive map (p.27)visuo-spatial sketchpad (p.166)

inner scribe (p.72)visual cache (p.165)

storage (p.150)consolidation (p.33)

emotional consolidation (p.47)reconsolidation (p.124)synaptic consolidation (p.153)systems consolidation (p.154)

engram (p.48)long-term memory (p.83)

declarative memory (p.38)autobiographical memory (p.16)

autobiographical fluency (p.16)autobiographical knowledge base (p.16)autobiographical memory network (p.17)conceptual self (p.30)estimator variable (p.51)flashbulb memory (p.57)

Now Print! mechanism (p.101)highly superior autobiographical memory (p.66)historically defined autobiographical period (p.67)hotspot (p.67)life script (p.81)nonbelieved memory (p.101)overgeneral memory (p.104)personal semantic memory (p.110)principle of coherence (p.115)principle of correspondence (p.115)recollective confabulation (p.124)reminiscence style (p.127)

high elaborated reminiscence style (p.66)

198 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

TREE

low elaborated reminiscence style (p.84)self-defining memory (p.136)system variable (p.154)vicarious memory (p.165)working self (p.169)

episodic memory (p.49)action memory (p.7)collaborative inhibition (p.28)context-dependent recognition (p.33)contextual memory (p.34)

context-dependent memory (p.33)state-dependent memory (p.149)

destination memory (p.40)déjà vu (p.39)eidetic memory (p.45)encoding specificity (p.47)episodic counterfactual thought (p.49)episodic future thought (p.49)episodic trace (p.51)episodicity (p.51)everyday amnesia (p.52)judgment of recency (p.76)numerical judgment of recency (p.101)prospective memory (p.118)

event-based prospective memory (p.51)time-based prospective memory (p.158)

pupil old/new effect (p.119)recognition failure (p.123)relative judgment of recency (p.126)retrograde facilitation (p.131)retrospective memory (p.132)semantization (p.140)source memory (p.147)temporal memory (p.156)

proposition (p.117)semantic memory (p.138)

amodal representation (p.10)encyclopedic memory (p.48)memory foraging (p.89)mental lexicon (p.90)modal representation (p.95)personal semantic memory (p.110)prior knowledge (p.115)schema (p.134)

rationalization (p.121)script (p.135)

semantic distance (p.138)semantic feature (p.138)semantic prospection (p.139)semantization (p.140)typicality (p.162)

typicality gradient (p.162)long-term working memory (p.84)non declarative memory (p.100)

classical conditioning (p.25)extinction (p.53)latent inhibition (p.78)second-order conditioning (p.135)sensory preconditioning (p.140)spontaneous recovery (conditioning) (p.149)

dishabituation (p.42)habituation (p.65)operant conditioning (p.103)perceptual representation system (p.109)procedural memory (p.116)

production rule (p.117)sensitization (p.140)

memory capacity (p.87)memory strength (p.89)

Jost's laws (p.76)pattern separation (p.108)sensory memory (p.140)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 199

TREE

echoic memory (p.45)haptic memory (p.65)iconic memory (p.69)

informational persistence (p.72)visible persistance (p.165)

perceptual span (p.109)short-term consolidation (p.143)short-term memory (p.143)

buffer memory (p.21)chunck (p.25)conceptual short-term memory (p.30)fragile visual short-term memory (p.59)semantic short-term memory (p.139)

strategy (p.151)external aid (p.53)internal aid (p.73)

categorization (p.22)basic level (p.19)prototype (p.119)typicality (p.162)

typicality gradient (p.162)clustering (p.26)elaboration (p.45)

elaborative rehearsal (p.46)keyword method (p.77)organization (p.103)rehearsal (p.125)

elaborative rehearsal (p.46)maintenance rehearsal (p.85)

retrieval practice (p.130)subjective organization (p.152)testing effect (p.157)

test-potentiated new learning (p.157)mediation deficiency (p.85)production deficiency (p.117)utilization deficiency (p.163)

subsequent memory effect (p.152)negative subsequent memory effect (p.99)positive subsequent memory effect (p.112)

transfer-appropriate processing (p.160)verbal memory (p.164)visual memory (p.166)

face memory (p.54)fragile visual short-term memory (p.59)iconic memory (p.69)

informational persistence (p.72)visible persistance (p.165)

visuo-spatial sketchpad (p.166)inner scribe (p.72)visual cache (p.165)

working memory (p.168)Baddeley's model (p.18)affective working memory (p.9)central executive (p.23)declarative working memory (p.38)episodic buffer (p.49)executive loop (p.52)gestural loop (p.62)goal maintenance (p.63)implicit working memory (p.70)inhibitory control (p.72)long-term working memory (p.84)phonological loop (p.110)

articulatory loop (p.12)phonological store (p.111)

procedural working memory (p.116)social working memory (p.146)visuo-spatial sketchpad (p.166)

inner scribe (p.72)visual cache (p.165)

working memory updating (p.169)information removal (p.72)

200 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

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mental imagery (p.90)auditory imagery (p.15)visual imagery (p.165)

node (p.100)phenomenological characteristic (p.110)

anoetic consciousness (p.11)autonoetic consciousness (p.17)chronesthesia (p.25)ecphory (p.45)familiarity (p.56)field point of view (p.57)mental time travel (p.90)noetic consciousness (p.100)observer point of view (p.102)recollection (p.124)

phantom recollection (p.110)temporal compression (p.155)top-down processing (p.159)

emotion (p.47)emotion valence (p.47)emotional arousal (p.47)

methodology (p.91)ARC index (p.12)Brown-Peterson task (p.21)DRM paradigm (p.44)Don't remember/Don't know paradigm (p.43)R/K paradigm (p.121)SAT function (p.134)Self-Ordered Pointing Test (p.136)Stroop test (p.151)affective priming task (p.8)artificial grammar (p.12)autobiographical fluency task (p.16)backward conditioning (p.18)backward priming task (p.18)calibration (p.22)category repetition paradigm (p.23)chronometry (p.25)

reaction time (p.122)Go/NoGo task (p.63)choice reaction time (p.24)simple reaction time (p.144)

continuous reproduction task (p.34)cue-word method (p.37)cumulative recall function (p.37)deferred imitation (p.39)diary method (p.40)direct test of memory (p.41)

recall task (p.122)conjoint recall paradigm (p.32)cued recall task (p.37)

graphemic cued recall task (p.63)part-set cuing (p.108)

forced recall (p.58)free recall task (p.60)

continuous-distractor paradigm (p.34)directed free recall (p.41)modified free recall procédure (p.95)

MMFR procedure (p.93)multitrial free recall (p.97)overt-repetition technique (p.104)

one-list-back paradigm (p.102)probed recall (p.116)serial recall task (p.142)serial reproduction (p.142)

recognition task (p.123)Sternberg task (p.150)associative recognition task (p.13)change detection paradigm (p.24)conjoint recognition paradigm (p.32)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 201

TREE

continuous recognition task (p.34)dual-probe recognition task (p.44)global recognition task (p.63)habituation/dishabituation paradigm (p.65)local recognition task (p.82)mnemonic similarity task (p.94)mobile conjugate reinforcement (p.94)recognition without identification (p.124)response signal procedure (p.128)serial recognition task (p.142)train task (p.160)two alternatives forced choice (p.162)yes/no recognition task (p.170)

distractor (p.42)distractor task (p.42)double-function pairs (p.43)dual task paradigm (p.44)

selective interference paradigm (p.135)ecological assessment (p.45)episodic specificity induction (p.51)event-related potentials (p.52)

FN400 wave (p.58)LPC wave (p.84)

false feedback method (p.55)focal prospective memory task (p.58)forward conditioning (p.59)

delay conditioning (p.39)trace conditioning (p.159)

functional independence (p.60)fusion method (p.61)important memories method (p.70)indirect test of memory (p.71)

perceptual identification task (p.109)word-fragment completion task (p.168)word-stem completion task (p.168)

interresponse time (p.73)interview (p.73)

NICHD protocol (p.100)cognitive interview (p.27)

involuntary memory diary method (p.74)item-method directed forgetting paradigm (p.75)letter number sequencing (p.80)lexical decision task (p.81)list-method directed forgetting paradigm (p.81)mirror learning (p.92)misinformation paradigm (p.93)

crashing memories paradigm (p.35)false feedback paradigm (p.55)forced confabulation paradigm (p.58)lost in the mall paradigm (p.84)

misleading information (p.93)missing scan task (p.93)n-back task (p.98)naming task (p.98)neuropsychological test (p.99)

Autobiographical Memory Test (p.17)California Verbal Learning Test (p.22)Trail Making Test (p.160)Wechsler Memory Scale (p.167)Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (p.167)

non-focal prospective memory task (p.101)nonsense syllabes (p.101)nonword repetition task (p.101)optogenetics (p.103)orienting task (p.103)paired-associates learning task (p.107)

A-B, A-Br learning task (p.6)A-B, A-C learning task (p.6)A-B, C-B learning task (p.6)continuous paired-associate learning task (p.34)

partial report task (p.108)phonemic verbal fluency test (p.110)

202 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

TREE

prime (p.114)process dissociation procedure (p.116)pupillometry (p.119)questionnaire (p.120)

Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (p.87)Memory Experiences Questionaire (p.89)Test of Episodic Memory for the Autobiographical Past (p.156)

random generation task (p.121)retention interval (p.128)rumor mongering paradigm (p.133)saving method (p.134)second-order conditioning (p.135)semantic differential (p.137)semantic verbal fluency test (p.140)sentence verification task (p.141)serial order reconstruction task (p.142)signal detection theory (p.144)

ROC curve (p.132)zROC curve (p.171)

d' index (p.38)false alarm (p.54)hit (p.67)response bias (p.128)

simultaneous conditioning (p.145)span (p.148)

complex span task (p.29)alpha span (p.9)backward digit span (p.18)composite complex span (p.29)computation task (p.30)counting span (p.35)listening span (p.82)operation span (p.103)reading span (p.122)reading-digit span (p.122)rotation letter task (p.133)symmetry span (p.153)

conceptual span (p.30)recognition span (p.123)running span task (p.133)simple span (p.144)

Corsi task (p.35)movement span (p.96)verbal span (p.165)

spatial span (p.148)Corsi task (p.35)rotation letter task (p.133)symmetry span (p.153)

spin list (p.148)stimulus-onset asynchrony (p.150)stochastic independence (p.150)targeted memory reactivation (p.155)think/not think paradigm (p.157)thought substitution method (p.158)verbal association task (p.164)violation of expectation paradigm (p.165)visual paired-comparison paradigm (p.166)working memory period paradigm (p.169)

temporal lobe (p.156)medial temporal lobe (p.85)

amygdala (p.11)entorhinal cortex (p.48)

grid cell (p.64)hippocampus (p.67)

dentate gyrus (p.40)place cell (p.112)time cell (p.158)

parahippocampal cortex (p.107)perirhinal cortex (p.109)

theory (p.157)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 203

TREE

Act-In theory (p.7)Hunter-McCrary hypothesis (p.68)Ribot's law (p.132)Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis (p.145)Tulving-Wiseman law (p.161)Yerkes-Dodson's law (p.170)acid bath theory (p.7)alcohol myopia (p.9)associative chaining (p.12)associative deficit (p.13)associative-activation theory (p.14)attentional narrowing (p.15)causal theory of memory (p.23)cognitive slowing (p.28)complementary learning systems (p.29)constructive episodic simulation hypothesis (p.33)contextual availability (p.33)cue-overload principle (p.36)direct realism (p.41)distributional hypothesis (p.43)dual coding theory (p.44)elevated-attention hypothesis (p.46)embodied cognition (p.46)

mental simulation (p.90)environmental support hypothesis (p.48)exemplar theories (p.52)explanatory role hypothesis (p.53)functionalist theories of memory (p.61)fuzzy trace theory (p.61)generate-recognize theory (p.62)implicit associative response (p.69)impoverished relational-encoding (p.70)indirect realism (p.71)law of effect (p.79)law of exercise (p.79)

law of disuse (p.79)law of use (p.79)

levels of processing (p.80)model (p.95)

computational model (p.30)Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (p.8)Bayesian models (p.19)SEM model (p.137)SIMPLE model (p.144)connectionism (p.32)

OSCAR model (p.104)SOB-CS model (p.146)TraceLink model (p.159)auto-associative memory (p.16)conceptual structure account (p.31)feedforward neural network (p.56)primacy model (p.114)sensory/functional theory (p.141)synaptic weight (p.154)

diffusion model (p.41)feature comparison model (p.56)global matching model (p.63)

ATHENA model (p.14)MINERVA 2 (p.92)SAM model (p.134)

hub and spoke model (p.67)latent semantic analysis (p.79)multidimensional face space model (p.96)multiple trace model (p.97)

ATHENA model (p.14)MINERVA 2 (p.92)

semantic network (p.139)small-world network (p.146)

semantic space (p.140)single-process models of recognition memory (p.145)time-based resource sharing model (p.158)

non-computational model (p.100)

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TREE

Act-In model (p.7)BIC model (p.19)Baddeley's model (p.18)CARFAX model (p.22)HAROLD model (p.65)HERA model (p.66)MNESIS model (p.94)PASA Model (p.108)SPI model (p.148)dual-process models of recognition memory (p.44)embedded-processes model (p.46)modal model of memory (p.95)self-memory model (p.136)self-memory system (p.136)sensory recruitment (p.141)supervisory attentional system (p.153)

neurogenic hypthothesis (p.99)positional coding theory (p.112)principle of mass action (p.115)retrieval effort hypothesis (p.129)sensory reactivation hypothesis (p.141)serial search (p.143)structural theories of memory (p.151)temporal distinctiveness (p.156)total-time hypothesis (p.159)trace decay (p.159)

treatment (p.161)cognitive rehabilitation (p.27)

spaced retrieval (p.147)vanishing cues method (p.164)

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COLLECTIONS

CollectionsGrouping by study population

Animalacetylcholine (p.7)affordance (p.9)amygdala (p.11)artificial grammar (p.12)associative blocking (p.12)associative learning (p.13)atypical protein kinase C (p.15)auto-associative memory (p.16)backward conditioning (p.18)biological factor (p.20)brain (p.20)brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p.20)categorization (p.22)chronometry (p.25)classical conditioning (p.25)coding (p.26)cognition (p.26)cognitive map (p.27)connectionism (p.32)consolidation (p.33)contextual memory (p.34)CREB factor (p.35)cue (p.36)deferred imitation (p.39)delay conditioning (p.39)dentate gyrus (p.40)dishabituation (p.42)emotion (p.47)emotion valence (p.47)emotional arousal (p.47)emotional consolidation (p.47)engram (p.48)entorhinal cortex (p.48)enzyme (p.49)episodic memory (p.49)extinction (p.53)face memory (p.54)far transfer (p.56)feedforward neural network (p.56)forgetting (p.59)forward conditioning (p.59)frontal lobe (p.60)gene (p.62)glutamate (p.63)grid cell (p.64)habituation (p.65)Hebb's rule (p.66)hippocampus (p.67)infantile amnesia (p.71)interference (p.73)KIBRA gene (p.77)latent inhibition (p.78)latent learning (p.79)law of effect (p.79)law of exercise (p.79)learning (p.80)long-term depression (p.83)long-term memory (p.83)long-term potentiation (p.83)medial prefrontal cortex (p.85)medial temporal lobe (p.85)memory (p.86)mental time travel (p.90)near transfer (p.98)negative transfer (p.99)neurogenic hypthothesis (p.99)neurotransmitter (p.99)

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COLLECTIONS

non associative learning (p.100)operant conditioning (p.103)optogenetics (p.103)Papez circuit (p.107)paradoxal sleep (p.107)parietal lobe (p.107)pattern completion (p.108)pattern separation (p.108)perceptual learning (p.109)perirhinal cortex (p.109)phosphatase (p.111)phyletic memory (p.111)place cell (p.112)positive transfer (p.112)prefrontal cortex (p.114)principle of mass action (p.115)proactive interference (p.116)prospective memory (p.118)protein kinase (p.118)protein kinase C (p.118)protein kinase Mζ (p.119)reaction time (p.122)reconsolidation (p.124)reinforcement (p.125)retention interval (p.128)retroactive interference (p.131)second-order conditioning (p.135)sensitization (p.140)sensory preconditioning (p.140)short-term memory (p.143)simultaneous conditioning (p.145)social learning (p.146)spatial memory (p.148)spontaneous recovery (conditioning) (p.149)storage (p.150)synaptic consolidation (p.153)synaptic weight (p.154)systems consolidation (p.154)temporal lobe (p.156)temporal memory (p.156)time cell (p.158)trace conditioning (p.159)transcription factor (p.160)transfer (p.160)visual memory (p.166)Yerkes-Dodson's law (p.170)

HumanA-B, A-Br learning task (p.6)A-B, A-C learning task (p.6)A-B, C-B learning task (p.6)accelerated long-term memory (p.6)accessibility/availability (p.6)acetylcholine (p.7)acid bath theory (p.7)acquired prosopagnosia (p.7)Act-In model (p.7)action memory (p.7)activation (p.8)Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (p.8)adaptive memory (p.8)affective priming task (p.8)affective working memory (p.9)affordance (p.9)age-associated memory impairment (p.9)agnosia (p.9)alcohol myopia (p.9)allocation of study time (p.9)alpha span (p.9)Alzheimer's disease (p.10)amnesia (p.10)amnestic mild cognitive impairment (p.10)amnestic syndrome (p.10)

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COLLECTIONS

amodal representation (p.10)amygdala (p.11)animacy effect (p.11)anoetic consciousness (p.11)anterograde amnesia (p.11)anti-reminiscence bump (p.11)anticipation error (p.11)ARC index (p.12)articulatory loop (p.12)articulatory suppression (p.12)artificial grammar (p.12)associative blocking (p.12)associative chaining (p.12)associative deficit (p.13)associative learning (p.13)associative memory (p.13)associative priming (p.13)associative recognition task (p.13)associative strength (p.13)associative unlearning (p.13)associative-activation theory (p.14)asymmetry effect (p.14)ATHENA model (p.14)attention (p.14)attentional boost effect (p.14)attentional narrowing (p.15)attentional refreshing (p.15)attribute amnesia (p.15)atypical protein kinase C (p.15)auditory deviant effect (p.15)auditory imagery (p.15)auditory memory (p.16)auto-associative memory (p.16)autobiographical fluency (p.16)autobiographical fluency task (p.16)autobiographical knowledge base (p.16)autobiographical memory (p.16)autobiographical memory network (p.17)Autobiographical Memory Test (p.17)automatic priming (p.17)automatic processing (p.17)autonoetic consciousness (p.17)backward associative strength (p.18)backward conditioning (p.18)backward digit span (p.18)backward priming task (p.18)backward serial position curve (p.18)Baddeley's model (p.18)Baker/baker paradox (p.18)basic level (p.19)bi-hippocampal amnestic syndrome (p.19)BIC model (p.19)bilateral field advantage (p.19)binding (p.19)biological factor (p.20)bizarreness effect (p.20)bottom-up processing (p.20)boundary extension illusion (p.20)brain (p.20)brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p.20)Brown-Peterson task (p.21)buffer memory (p.21)calibration (p.22)California Verbal Learning Test (p.22)CARFAX model (p.22)categorical frequency estimation (p.22)categorization (p.22)category repetition paradigm (p.23)category size effect (p.23)category-specific semantic deficit (p.23)causal theory of memory (p.23)central executive (p.23)

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COLLECTIONS

change detection paradigm (p.24)changing distractor effect (p.24)changing-state effect (p.24)choice blindness effect (p.24)choice reaction time (p.24)choice-supportive memory (p.25)chronesthesia (p.25)chronometry (p.25)chunck (p.25)Clark Kent effect (p.25)classical conditioning (p.25)clustering (p.26)coding (p.26)cognition (p.26)cognitive disorder (p.26)cognitive economy (p.27)cognitive interview (p.27)cognitive load (p.27)cognitive map (p.27)cognitive rehabilitation (p.27)cognitive reserve (p.28)cognitive slowing (p.28)cognitive triage effect (p.28)cognitive-context dependent memory (p.28)collaborative inhibition (p.28)collective memory (p.28)commission error (p.29)complementary learning systems (p.29)complex span task (p.29)composite complex span (p.29)composite face effect (p.29)computation task (p.30)conceptual fluency (p.30)conceptual self (p.30)conceptual short-term memory (p.30)conceptual span (p.30)conceptual structure account (p.31)concreteness effect (p.31)confabulation (p.31)confidence (p.31)configural processing (p.31)conjoint recall paradigm (p.32)conjoint recognition paradigm (p.32)conjunction error (p.32)conjunctive memory (p.32)connectionism (p.32)consolidation (p.33)constructive episodic simulation hypothesis (p.33)context-dependent memory (p.33)context-dependent recognition (p.33)contextual availability (p.33)contextual memory (p.34)contiguity effect (p.34)continuous paired-associate learning task (p.34)continuous recognition task (p.34)continuous reproduction task (p.34)continuous-distractor paradigm (p.34)controlled processing (p.34)core recollection network (p.35)Corsi task (p.35)counting span (p.35)crashing memories paradigm (p.35)CREB factor (p.35)cristallized intelligence (p.36)cryptomnesia (p.36)cue (p.36)cue depreciation effect (p.36)cue-overload principle (p.36)cue-word method (p.37)cued recall task (p.37)cumulative recall function (p.37)d' index (p.38)

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COLLECTIONS

declarative memory (p.38)declarative metamemory (p.38)declarative working memory (p.38)decoding (p.38)default mode network (p.39)deferred imitation (p.39)déjà vu (p.39)delay conditioning (p.39)delayed judgment of learning effect (p.39)dentate gyrus (p.40)destination memory (p.40)developmental amnesia (p.40)developmental prosopagnosia (p.40)developmental reversal (p.40)diary method (p.40)diffusion model (p.41)direct realism (p.41)direct test of memory (p.41)directed forgetting (p.41)directed free recall (p.41)dishabituation (p.42)distinctiveness (p.42)distinctiveness effect (p.42)distinctiveness heuristic (p.42)distractor (p.42)distractor task (p.42)distributed learning (p.42)distributed practice effect (p.42)distributional hypothesis (p.43)divided attention (p.43)Don't remember/Don't know paradigm (p.43)double-function pairs (p.43)drawing effect (p.43)DRM paradigm (p.44)dual coding theory (p.44)dual task paradigm (p.44)dual-probe recognition task (p.44)dual-process models of recognition memory (p.44)dud-alternative effect (p.44)ease of learning (p.45)echoic memory (p.45)ecological assessment (p.45)ecphory (p.45)eidetic memory (p.45)elaboration (p.45)elaborative rehearsal (p.46)elevated-attention hypothesis (p.46)embedded-processes model (p.46)embodied cognition (p.46)emotion (p.47)emotion valence (p.47)emotional arousal (p.47)emotional consolidation (p.47)enactment effect (p.47)encoding specificity (p.47)encoding variability principle (p.48)encyclopedic memory (p.48)engram (p.48)entorhinal cortex (p.48)environmental reduplicative paramnesia (p.48)environmental support hypothesis (p.48)enzyme (p.49)episodic buffer (p.49)episodic counterfactual thought (p.49)episodic future thought (p.49)episodic memory (p.49)episodic priming (p.51)episodic specificity induction (p.51)episodic trace (p.51)episodicity (p.51)estimator variable (p.51)event-based prospective memory (p.51)

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COLLECTIONS

event-related potentials (p.52)everyday amnesia (p.52)exclusivity effect (p.52)executive functions (p.52)executive loop (p.52)exemplar theories (p.52)explanation inflation (p.53)explanatory role hypothesis (p.53)explicit memory (p.53)external aid (p.53)extinction (p.53)extra-list cue (p.53)fabrication inflation (p.54)face memory (p.54)fading affect bias (p.54)false alarm (p.54)false autobiographical belief (p.54)false fame effect (p.54)false feedback method (p.55)false feedback paradigm (p.55)false memory (p.55)false recall (p.55)false recognition (p.56)false-persistence effect (p.56)familiarity (p.56)fan effect (p.56)far transfer (p.56)feature comparison model (p.56)feedforward neural network (p.56)feeling of knowing (p.57)field point of view (p.57)fill-in effect (p.57)first-order relational processing (p.57)flashbulb memory (p.57)fluency heuristic (p.57)fluid intelligence (p.57)FN400 wave (p.58)focal prospective memory task (p.58)focus of attention (p.58)forced confabulation paradigm (p.58)forced recall (p.58)foresight bias (p.58)forget-it-along-effect (p.58)forgetting (p.59)forgetting curve (p.59)forward associative strength (p.59)forward conditioning (p.59)forward serial position curve (p.59)fragile visual short-term memory (p.59)free recall task (p.60)frontal lobe (p.60)Fröhlich effect (p.60)functional amnesia (p.60)functional independence (p.60)functional serial position curve (p.61)functionalist theories of memory (p.61)fusion method (p.61)fuzzy trace theory (p.61)Geiselman effect (p.62)gene (p.62)generate-recognize theory (p.62)generation effect (p.62)gestural loop (p.62)global matching model (p.63)global recognition task (p.63)glutamate (p.63)Go/NoGo task (p.63)goal maintenance (p.63)graphemic cued recall task (p.63)grid cell (p.64)group-reference effect (p.64)grouping effect (p.64)

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COLLECTIONS

habituation (p.65)habituation/dishabituation paradigm (p.65)haptic memory (p.65)hard-easy effect (p.65)HAROLD model (p.65)Hebb effect (p.65)Hebb's rule (p.66)HERA model (p.66)high elaborated reminiscence style (p.66)highly superior autobiographical memory (p.66)hippocampus (p.67)historically defined autobiographical period (p.67)hit (p.67)holistic processing (p.67)hotspot (p.67)hub and spoke model (p.67)humour effect (p.67)Hunter-McCrary hypothesis (p.68)hypercorrection effect (p.68)hypermnesia (p.68)hyperpriming (p.68)iconic memory (p.69)illusory truth effect (p.69)imagination inflation (p.69)implanted false memory (p.69)implicit associative response (p.69)implicit learning (p.70)implicit memory (p.70)implicit working memory (p.70)important memories method (p.70)impoverished relational-encoding (p.70)incidental forgetting (p.70)incidental learning (p.71)indirect realism (p.71)indirect test of memory (p.71)induced false memory (p.71)infantile amnesia (p.71)inference-based false memory (p.71)information removal (p.72)informational persistence (p.72)inhibition-induced forgetting (p.72)inhibitory control (p.72)inner scribe (p.72)intention superiority effect (p.72)intentional learning (p.72)interference (p.73)interference resolution (p.73)internal aid (p.73)interresponse time (p.73)interview (p.73)intra-list cue (p.73)intrusion recency effect (p.74)inversion effect (p.74)involuntary memory (p.74)involuntary memory diary method (p.74)irrelevant sound effect (p.74)irrelevant speech effect (p.74)item-method directed forgetting paradigm (p.75)item-specific processing (p.75)Jost's laws (p.76)judgement of retention (p.76)judgment of frequency (p.76)judgment of learning (p.76)judgment of recency (p.76)judgment of the rate of learning (p.76)keyword method (p.77)KIBRA gene (p.77)Korsakoff syndrome (p.77)lag effect (p.78)lag-recency effect (p.78)language (p.78)language dependent memory (p.78)

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COLLECTIONS

language familiarity effect (p.78)latent inhibition (p.78)latent learning (p.79)latent semantic analysis (p.79)law of disuse (p.79)law of effect (p.79)law of exercise (p.79)law of use (p.79)learning (p.80)learning curve (p.80)letter number sequencing (p.80)level-of-processing effect (p.80)levels of processing (p.80)lexical decision task (p.81)lexicality effect (p.81)life script (p.81)list composition effect (p.81)list-length effect (p.81)list-method directed forgetting paradigm (p.81)list-strength effect (p.82)listening span (p.82)living-in-history effect (p.82)local recognition task (p.82)locality constraint (p.82)location updating effect (p.82)long-term depression (p.83)long-term memory (p.83)long-term potentiation (p.83)long-term recency effect (p.83)long-term working memory (p.84)lost in the mall paradigm (p.84)low elaborated reminiscence style (p.84)LPC wave (p.84)maintenance rehearsal (p.85)massed learning (p.85)medial prefrontal cortex (p.85)medial temporal lobe (p.85)mediated priming (p.85)mediation deficiency (p.85)memory (p.86)memory amplification effect (p.86)memory bias (p.86)memory capacity (p.87)Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (p.87)memory complaint (p.88)memory conformity (p.88)memory disorder (p.88)Memory Experiences Questionaire (p.89)memory foraging (p.89)memory organization (p.89)memory self-efficacy (p.89)memory strength (p.89)mental imagery (p.90)mental lexicon (p.90)mental simulation (p.90)mental time travel (p.90)mere exposure effect (p.90)metamemory (p.91)mild cognitive impairment (p.92)MINERVA 2 (p.92)mirror effect (p.92)mirror learning (p.92)misinformation effect (p.92)misinformation paradigm (p.93)misleading information (p.93)missing scan task (p.93)MMFR procedure (p.93)mnemic neglect (p.93)mnemicity (p.93)mnemonic similarity task (p.94)mnemonic time-travel effect (p.94)MNESIS model (p.94)

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COLLECTIONS

mobile conjugate reinforcement (p.94)modal model of memory (p.95)modal representation (p.95)modality effect (p.95)modality effect in false memories (p.95)modality tagging (p.95)modified free recall procédure (p.95)mood-congruent memory (p.96)mood-dependent memory (p.96)morphological priming (p.96)motivated forgetting (p.96)movement span (p.96)MT+ area (p.96)multidimensional face space model (p.96)multiple trace model (p.97)multitrial free recall (p.97)n-back task (p.98)naming task (p.98)near transfer (p.98)negation-induced forgetting (p.98)negative acceleration curve (p.98)negative priming (p.98)negative recency effect (p.98)negative repetition effect (p.98)negative subsequent memory effect (p.99)negative transfer (p.99)negativity bias (p.99)neurogenic hypthothesis (p.99)neuropsychological test (p.99)neurotransmitter (p.99)NICHD protocol (p.100)node (p.100)noetic consciousness (p.100)non associative learning (p.100)non declarative memory (p.100)non-focal prospective memory task (p.101)nonbelieved memory (p.101)nonsense syllabes (p.101)nonword repetition task (p.101)Now Print! mechanism (p.101)numerical judgment of recency (p.101)observer point of view (p.102)ogive learning curve (p.102)old/new effect (p.102)omission error (p.102)one-list-back paradigm (p.102)onset repulsion effect (p.102)operant conditioning (p.103)operation span (p.103)organization (p.103)orienting task (p.103)orthographic distinctiveness effect (p.103)OSCAR model (p.104)output interference (p.104)overgeneral memory (p.104)overgeneral memory bias (p.104)overt-repetition technique (p.104)own-age bias (p.105)own-group bias (p.105)own-race bias (p.105)own-sex bias (p.105)own-species bias (p.105)ownership effect (p.106)paired-associates learning task (p.107)Papez circuit (p.107)paradoxal sleep (p.107)parahippocampal cortex (p.107)parietal lobe (p.107)parietal memory network (p.108)part-set cuing (p.108)partial report task (p.108)PASA Model (p.108)

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pattern completion (p.108)pattern separation (p.108)perceptual fluency (p.109)perceptual identification task (p.109)perceptual interference effect (p.109)perceptual learning (p.109)perceptual priming (p.109)perceptual representation system (p.109)perceptual span (p.109)perirhinal cortex (p.109)permastore effect (p.110)personal semantic memory (p.110)phantom recollection (p.110)phenomenological characteristic (p.110)phonemic verbal fluency test (p.110)phonological loop (p.110)phonological neighbourhood effect (p.111)phonological priming (p.111)phonological similarity effect (p.111)phonological store (p.111)phonotactic frequency (p.111)phosphatase (p.111)phyletic memory (p.111)picture complexity effect (p.112)pictures superiority effect (p.112)place cell (p.112)positional coding theory (p.112)positive acceleration curve (p.112)positive subsequent memory effect (p.112)positive transfer (p.112)positivity bias (p.113)posterior parietal cortex (p.113)postponement error (p.113)prediction of knowing (p.113)prediction of learning (p.113)prefix effect (p.113)prefrontal cortex (p.114)pretesting effect (p.114)primacy effect (p.114)primacy model (p.114)primary distinctiveness effect (p.114)prime (p.114)prime-task effect (p.114)priming (p.115)principle of coherence (p.115)principle of correspondence (p.115)principle of desirable difficulties (p.115)principle of mass action (p.115)prior knowledge (p.115)proactive interference (p.116)probed recall (p.116)procedural memory (p.116)procedural metamemory (p.116)procedural working memory (p.116)process dissociation procedure (p.116)processing fluency (p.117)production deficiency (p.117)production effect (p.117)production rule (p.117)proper name anomia (p.117)proposition (p.117)prosopagnosia (p.118)prosopamnesia (p.118)prospective confidence (p.118)prospective memory (p.118)protein kinase (p.118)protein kinase C (p.118)protein kinase Mζ (p.119)prototype (p.119)prototype effect (p.119)pseudoword effect (p.119)pupil old/new effect (p.119)

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pupillometry (p.119)questionnaire (p.120)R/K paradigm (p.121)random generation task (p.121)Ranschburg effect (p.121)ratio rule (p.121)rationalization (p.121)reaction time (p.122)reading span (p.122)reading-digit span (p.122)recall task (p.122)recency effect (p.123)recognition failure (p.123)recognition span (p.123)recognition without identification (p.124)recognition-induced forgetting (p.124)recollection (p.124)recollection without remembering (p.124)recollective confabulation (p.124)reconsolidation (p.124)reconstrutive memory (p.125)redintegration (p.125)rehearsal (p.125)reinforcement (p.125)relational memory (p.125)relational processing (p.125)relative distinctiveness principle (p.126)relative judgment of recency (p.126)release from proactive interference (p.126)relocation bump (p.126)remembered utility (p.126)reminiscence (p.126)reminiscence bump (p.126)reminiscence style (p.127)repeated reproduction (p.127)repetition effect (p.127)repetition enhancement (p.127)repetition priming (p.127)repetition suppression (p.127)repisodic memory (p.128)reproductive inhibition (p.128)response bias (p.128)response competition (p.128)response signal procedure (p.128)retention interval (p.128)retrieval (p.129)retrieval effort (p.129)retrieval effort hypothesis (p.129)retrieval fluency (p.129)retrieval mode (p.129)retrieval orientation (p.130)retrieval practice (p.130)retrieval success (p.130)retrieval-enhanced suggestibility (p.130)retrieval-induced facilitation (p.130)retrieval-induced forgetting (p.130)retro-cue effect (p.131)retroactive interference (p.131)retrograde amnesia (p.131)retrograde facilitation (p.131)retrospection bias (p.131)retrospective confidence (p.131)retrospective memory (p.132)revelation effect (p.132)reverse interference effect (p.132)Ribot's law (p.132)ROC curve (p.132)rotation letter task (p.133)rumor mongering paradigm (p.133)running span task (p.133)SAM model (p.134)sandwich effect (p.134)

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COLLECTIONS

SAT function (p.134)saving method (p.134)schema (p.134)schema-based false memory (p.134)script (p.135)second-order conditioning (p.135)second-order relational processing (p.135)secondary distinctiveness effect (p.135)selective attention (p.135)selective interference paradigm (p.135)self-choice effect (p.136)self-defining memory (p.136)self-directed learning (p.136)self-limiting process (p.136)self-memory model (p.136)self-memory system (p.136)Self-Ordered Pointing Test (p.136)self-reference effect (p.137)self-reference recollection effect (p.137)SEM model (p.137)semantic blocking effect (p.137)semantic dementia (p.137)semantic differential (p.137)semantic distance (p.138)semantic feature (p.138)semantic memory (p.138)semantic network (p.139)semantic priming (p.139)semantic prospection (p.139)semantic proximity effect (p.139)semantic satiation (p.139)semantic short-term memory (p.139)semantic space (p.140)semantic verbal fluency test (p.140)semantization (p.140)sensitization (p.140)sensory memory (p.140)sensory preconditioning (p.140)sensory reactivation hypothesis (p.141)sensory recruitment (p.141)sensory/functional theory (p.141)sentence superiority effect (p.141)sentence verification task (p.141)serial order intrusion (p.141)serial order reconstruction task (p.142)serial position effect (p.142)serial recall task (p.142)serial recognition task (p.142)serial reproduction (p.142)serial search (p.143)severely deficient autobiographical memory (p.143)short-term consolidation (p.143)short-term memory (p.143)signal detection theory (p.144)SIMPLE model (p.144)simple reaction time (p.144)simple span (p.144)simultaneous conditioning (p.145)simultaneous learning effect (p.145)single-process models of recognition memory (p.145)size congruency effect (p.145)Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis (p.145)skill acquisition (p.145)sleeper effect (p.146)small-world network (p.146)SOB-CS model (p.146)social learning (p.146)social working memory (p.146)socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (p.146)source amnesia (p.146)source attribution error (p.147)source memory (p.147)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 217

COLLECTIONS

source monitoring (p.147)source overdistribution (p.147)spaced retrieval (p.147)spacing effect (p.147)span (p.148)spatial memory (p.148)spatial span (p.148)SPI model (p.148)spin list (p.148)spontaneous false memory (p.149)spontaneous recovery (conditioning) (p.149)spontaneous recovery (memory) (p.149)spreading activation (p.149)stability bias (p.149)state-dependent memory (p.149)statistical learning (p.150)Sternberg task (p.150)stimulus-onset asynchrony (p.150)stochastic independence (p.150)storage (p.150)strategic priming (p.150)strategy (p.151)strength-based mirror effect (p.151)Stroop test (p.151)structural theories of memory (p.151)subjective organization (p.152)subsequent memory effect (p.152)suffix effect (p.152)suggestibility (p.152)supervisory attentional system (p.153)suppression-induced forgetting (p.153)survival effect (p.153)survival processing (p.153)symmetry span (p.153)synaptic consolidation (p.153)synaptic weight (p.154)syntactic priming (p.154)system variable (p.154)systems consolidation (p.154)taboo word effect (p.155)target effect (p.155)targeted memory reactivation (p.155)task switching (p.155)telescoping effect (p.155)temporal compression (p.155)temporal distinctiveness (p.156)temporal gradient of retroactive interference (p.156)temporal isolation effect (p.156)temporal lobe (p.156)temporal memory (p.156)test expectancy effect (p.156)Test of Episodic Memory for the Autobiographical Past (p.156)test-potentiated new learning (p.157)testing effect (p.157)think/not think paradigm (p.157)thinking-induced forgetting (p.158)thought substitution method (p.158)time-based prospective memory (p.158)time-based resource sharing model (p.158)tip-of-the-tongue (p.158)top-down processing (p.159)topographical memory loss (p.159)total-time hypothesis (p.159)trace conditioning (p.159)trace decay (p.159)TraceLink model (p.159)Trail Making Test (p.160)train task (p.160)transactive memory (p.160)transcription factor (p.160)transfer (p.160)transfer and retroaction surface (p.160)

218 | Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory

COLLECTIONS

transfer-appropriate processing (p.160)transient epileptic amnesia (p.161)transient global amnesia (p.161)transposition error (p.161)transposition gradient (p.161)treatment (p.161)true-false effect (p.161)Tulving-Wiseman law (p.161)tunnel memory (p.162)two alternatives forced choice (p.162)typicality (p.162)typicality effect (p.162)typicality gradient (p.162)uncinate fasciculus (p.163)unconscious priming (p.163)unconscious transference (p.163)unitization (p.163)utilization deficiency (p.163)vanishing cues method (p.164)verbal association task (p.164)verbal memory (p.164)verbal overshadowing effect (p.164)verbal span (p.165)vicarious memory (p.165)violation of expectation paradigm (p.165)visible persistance (p.165)visual cache (p.165)visual imagery (p.165)visual memory (p.166)visual paired-comparison paradigm (p.166)visuo-spatial sketchpad (p.166)von Restorff effect (p.166)weapon focus effect (p.167)Wechsler Memory Scale (p.167)whole-part effect (p.167)Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (p.167)word frequency (p.167)word length effect (p.168)word-fragment completion task (p.168)word-frequency effect (p.168)word-stem completion task (p.168)working memory (p.168)working memory period paradigm (p.169)working memory updating (p.169)working self (p.169)Yerkes-Dodson's law (p.170)yes/no recognition task (p.170)Zeigarnik effect (p.171)zombie effect (p.171)zROC curve (p.171)

Grouping by subject fieldEthology

social learning (p.146)Genetics

CREB factor (p.35)KIBRA gene (p.77)optogenetics (p.103)

Informaticsauto-associative memory (p.16)computational model (p.30)connectionism (p.32)feedforward neural network (p.56)global matching model (p.63)Hebb's rule (p.66)latent semantic analysis (p.79)MINERVA 2 (p.92)multiple trace model (p.97)node (p.100)OSCAR model (p.104)primacy model (p.114)production rule (p.117)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 219

COLLECTIONS

SAM model (p.134)SEM model (p.137)semantic network (p.139)SIMPLE model (p.144)SOB-CS model (p.146)spreading activation (p.149)synaptic weight (p.154)

Linguisticsdistributional hypothesis (p.43)language (p.78)latent semantic analysis (p.79)phonotactic frequency (p.111)semantic feature (p.138)word frequency (p.167)

Logicsproduction rule (p.117)proposition (p.117)

Multidisciplinarymethodology (p.91)model (p.95)non-computational model (p.100)theory (p.157)

Neurologyaccelerated long-term memory (p.6)acquired prosopagnosia (p.7)agnosia (p.9)Alzheimer's disease (p.10)amnesia (p.10)amnestic mild cognitive impairment (p.10)amnestic syndrome (p.10)anterograde amnesia (p.11)bi-hippocampal amnestic syndrome (p.19)brain (p.20)category-specific semantic deficit (p.23)cognitive disorder (p.26)confabulation (p.31)developmental amnesia (p.40)developmental prosopagnosia (p.40)environmental reduplicative paramnesia (p.48)frontal lobe (p.60)Korsakoff syndrome (p.77)memory disorder (p.88)mild cognitive impairment (p.92)parahippocampal cortex (p.107)parietal lobe (p.107)prefrontal cortex (p.114)proper name anomia (p.117)prosopagnosia (p.118)prosopamnesia (p.118)retrograde amnesia (p.131)semantic dementia (p.137)severely deficient autobiographical memory (p.143)source amnesia (p.146)temporal lobe (p.156)topographical memory loss (p.159)transient epileptic amnesia (p.161)transient global amnesia (p.161)treatment (p.161)

Philosophycausal theory of memory (p.23)cognition (p.26)direct realism (p.41)episodicity (p.51)indirect realism (p.71)mnemicity (p.93)phenomenological characteristic (p.110)

Probability / StatisticsARC index (p.12)Bayesian models (p.19)d' index (p.38)response bias (p.128)

Psychology

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COLLECTIONS

A-B, A-Br learning task (p.6)A-B, A-C learning task (p.6)A-B, C-B learning task (p.6)accessibility/availability (p.6)acid bath theory (p.7)Act-In model (p.7)action memory (p.7)activation (p.8)Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (p.8)adaptive memory (p.8)affective priming task (p.8)affective working memory (p.9)affordance (p.9)age-associated memory impairment (p.9)alcohol myopia (p.9)allocation of study time (p.9)alpha span (p.9)amnesia (p.10)amodal representation (p.10)animacy effect (p.11)anoetic consciousness (p.11)anti-reminiscence bump (p.11)anticipation error (p.11)ARC index (p.12)articulatory loop (p.12)articulatory suppression (p.12)artificial grammar (p.12)associative blocking (p.12)associative chaining (p.12)associative deficit (p.13)associative learning (p.13)associative memory (p.13)associative priming (p.13)associative recognition task (p.13)associative strength (p.13)associative unlearning (p.13)associative-activation theory (p.14)asymmetry effect (p.14)ATHENA model (p.14)attention (p.14)attentional boost effect (p.14)attentional narrowing (p.15)attentional refreshing (p.15)attribute amnesia (p.15)auditory deviant effect (p.15)auditory imagery (p.15)auditory memory (p.16)auto-associative memory (p.16)autobiographical fluency (p.16)autobiographical fluency task (p.16)autobiographical knowledge base (p.16)autobiographical memory (p.16)Autobiographical Memory Test (p.17)automatic priming (p.17)automatic processing (p.17)autonoetic consciousness (p.17)backward associative strength (p.18)backward conditioning (p.18)backward digit span (p.18)backward priming task (p.18)backward serial position curve (p.18)Baddeley's model (p.18)Baker/baker paradox (p.18)basic level (p.19)Bayesian models (p.19)bilateral field advantage (p.19)binding (p.19)bizarreness effect (p.20)bottom-up processing (p.20)boundary extension illusion (p.20)Brown-Peterson task (p.21)buffer memory (p.21)

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COLLECTIONS

calibration (p.22)CARFAX model (p.22)categorical frequency estimation (p.22)categorization (p.22)category repetition paradigm (p.23)category size effect (p.23)central executive (p.23)change detection paradigm (p.24)changing distractor effect (p.24)changing-state effect (p.24)choice blindness effect (p.24)choice reaction time (p.24)choice-supportive memory (p.25)chronesthesia (p.25)chronometry (p.25)chunck (p.25)Clark Kent effect (p.25)classical conditioning (p.25)clustering (p.26)coding (p.26)cognition (p.26)cognitive disorder (p.26)cognitive economy (p.27)cognitive interview (p.27)cognitive load (p.27)cognitive map (p.27)cognitive reserve (p.28)cognitive slowing (p.28)cognitive triage effect (p.28)cognitive-context dependent memory (p.28)collaborative inhibition (p.28)collective memory (p.28)commission error (p.29)complementary learning systems (p.29)complex span task (p.29)composite complex span (p.29)composite face effect (p.29)computation task (p.30)conceptual fluency (p.30)conceptual self (p.30)conceptual short-term memory (p.30)conceptual span (p.30)conceptual structure account (p.31)concreteness effect (p.31)confidence (p.31)configural processing (p.31)conjoint recall paradigm (p.32)conjoint recognition paradigm (p.32)conjunction error (p.32)connectionism (p.32)consolidation (p.33)constructive episodic simulation hypothesis (p.33)context-dependent memory (p.33)context-dependent recognition (p.33)contextual availability (p.33)contextual memory (p.34)contiguity effect (p.34)continuous paired-associate learning task (p.34)continuous recognition task (p.34)continuous reproduction task (p.34)continuous-distractor paradigm (p.34)controlled processing (p.34)Corsi task (p.35)counting span (p.35)crashing memories paradigm (p.35)cristallized intelligence (p.36)cryptomnesia (p.36)cue (p.36)cue depreciation effect (p.36)cue-overload principle (p.36)cue-word method (p.37)cued recall task (p.37)

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COLLECTIONS

cumulative recall function (p.37)d' index (p.38)declarative memory (p.38)declarative metamemory (p.38)declarative working memory (p.38)decoding (p.38)deferred imitation (p.39)déjà vu (p.39)delay conditioning (p.39)delayed judgment of learning effect (p.39)destination memory (p.40)developmental reversal (p.40)diary method (p.40)diffusion model (p.41)direct test of memory (p.41)directed forgetting (p.41)directed free recall (p.41)dishabituation (p.42)distinctiveness (p.42)distinctiveness effect (p.42)distinctiveness heuristic (p.42)distractor (p.42)distractor task (p.42)distributed learning (p.42)distributed practice effect (p.42)divided attention (p.43)Don't remember/Don't know paradigm (p.43)double-function pairs (p.43)drawing effect (p.43)DRM paradigm (p.44)dual coding theory (p.44)dual task paradigm (p.44)dual-probe recognition task (p.44)dual-process models of recognition memory (p.44)dud-alternative effect (p.44)ease of learning (p.45)echoic memory (p.45)ecological assessment (p.45)ecphory (p.45)eidetic memory (p.45)elaboration (p.45)elaborative rehearsal (p.46)elevated-attention hypothesis (p.46)embedded-processes model (p.46)embodied cognition (p.46)emotion (p.47)emotion valence (p.47)emotional arousal (p.47)enactment effect (p.47)encoding specificity (p.47)encoding variability principle (p.48)encyclopedic memory (p.48)environmental support hypothesis (p.48)episodic buffer (p.49)episodic counterfactual thought (p.49)episodic memory (p.49)episodic priming (p.51)episodic specificity induction (p.51)episodic trace (p.51)episodicity (p.51)estimator variable (p.51)event-based prospective memory (p.51)everyday amnesia (p.52)exclusivity effect (p.52)executive functions (p.52)executive loop (p.52)exemplar theories (p.52)explanation inflation (p.53)explanatory role hypothesis (p.53)explicit memory (p.53)external aid (p.53)extinction (p.53)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 223

COLLECTIONS

extra-list cue (p.53)fabrication inflation (p.54)face memory (p.54)fading affect bias (p.54)false alarm (p.54)false autobiographical belief (p.54)false fame effect (p.54)false feedback method (p.55)false feedback paradigm (p.55)false memory (p.55)false recall (p.55)false recognition (p.56)false-persistence effect (p.56)familiarity (p.56)fan effect (p.56)far transfer (p.56)feature comparison model (p.56)feeling of knowing (p.57)field point of view (p.57)fill-in effect (p.57)first-order relational processing (p.57)flashbulb memory (p.57)fluency heuristic (p.57)fluid intelligence (p.57)focal prospective memory task (p.58)focus of attention (p.58)forced confabulation paradigm (p.58)forced recall (p.58)foresight bias (p.58)forget-it-along-effect (p.58)forgetting (p.59)forgetting curve (p.59)forward associative strength (p.59)forward conditioning (p.59)forward serial position curve (p.59)fragile visual short-term memory (p.59)free recall task (p.60)Fröhlich effect (p.60)functional amnesia (p.60)functional independence (p.60)functional serial position curve (p.61)functionalist theories of memory (p.61)fusion method (p.61)fuzzy trace theory (p.61)Geiselman effect (p.62)generate-recognize theory (p.62)generation effect (p.62)gestural loop (p.62)global matching model (p.63)global recognition task (p.63)Go/NoGo task (p.63)goal maintenance (p.63)graphemic cued recall task (p.63)group-reference effect (p.64)grouping effect (p.64)habituation (p.65)habituation/dishabituation paradigm (p.65)haptic memory (p.65)hard-easy effect (p.65)Hebb effect (p.65)Hebb's rule (p.66)high elaborated reminiscence style (p.66)historically defined autobiographical period (p.67)hit (p.67)holistic processing (p.67)hotspot (p.67)humour effect (p.67)Hunter-McCrary hypothesis (p.68)hypercorrection effect (p.68)hypermnesia (p.68)hyperpriming (p.68)iconic memory (p.69)

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COLLECTIONS

illusory truth effect (p.69)imagination inflation (p.69)implanted false memory (p.69)implicit associative response (p.69)implicit learning (p.70)implicit memory (p.70)implicit working memory (p.70)important memories method (p.70)impoverished relational-encoding (p.70)incidental forgetting (p.70)incidental learning (p.71)indirect test of memory (p.71)induced false memory (p.71)infantile amnesia (p.71)inference-based false memory (p.71)information removal (p.72)informational persistence (p.72)inhibition-induced forgetting (p.72)inhibitory control (p.72)inner scribe (p.72)intention superiority effect (p.72)intentional learning (p.72)interference (p.73)interference resolution (p.73)internal aid (p.73)interresponse time (p.73)interview (p.73)intra-list cue (p.73)intrusion recency effect (p.74)inversion effect (p.74)involuntary memory (p.74)involuntary memory diary method (p.74)irrelevant sound effect (p.74)irrelevant speech effect (p.74)item-method directed forgetting paradigm (p.75)item-specific processing (p.75)Jost's laws (p.76)judgement of retention (p.76)judgment of frequency (p.76)judgment of learning (p.76)judgment of recency (p.76)judgment of the rate of learning (p.76)keyword method (p.77)lag effect (p.78)lag-recency effect (p.78)language (p.78)language dependent memory (p.78)language familiarity effect (p.78)latent inhibition (p.78)latent learning (p.79)latent semantic analysis (p.79)law of disuse (p.79)law of effect (p.79)law of exercise (p.79)law of use (p.79)learning (p.80)learning curve (p.80)letter number sequencing (p.80)level-of-processing effect (p.80)levels of processing (p.80)lexical decision task (p.81)lexicality effect (p.81)life script (p.81)list composition effect (p.81)list-length effect (p.81)list-method directed forgetting paradigm (p.81)list-strength effect (p.82)listening span (p.82)living-in-history effect (p.82)local recognition task (p.82)locality constraint (p.82)location updating effect (p.82)

Thesaurus Cognitive psychology of human memory | 225

COLLECTIONS

long-term memory (p.83)long-term recency effect (p.83)long-term working memory (p.84)lost in the mall paradigm (p.84)low elaborated reminiscence style (p.84)maintenance rehearsal (p.85)massed learning (p.85)mediated priming (p.85)mediation deficiency (p.85)memory (p.86)memory amplification effect (p.86)memory bias (p.86)memory capacity (p.87)Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (p.87)memory complaint (p.88)memory conformity (p.88)memory disorder (p.88)Memory Experiences Questionaire (p.89)memory foraging (p.89)memory organization (p.89)memory self-efficacy (p.89)memory strength (p.89)mental imagery (p.90)mental lexicon (p.90)mental simulation (p.90)mental time travel (p.90)mere exposure effect (p.90)metamemory (p.91)MINERVA 2 (p.92)mirror effect (p.92)mirror learning (p.92)misinformation effect (p.92)misinformation paradigm (p.93)misleading information (p.93)missing scan task (p.93)MMFR procedure (p.93)mnemic neglect (p.93)mnemonic similarity task (p.94)mnemonic time-travel effect (p.94)MNESIS model (p.94)mobile conjugate reinforcement (p.94)modal model of memory (p.95)modal representation (p.95)modality effect (p.95)modality effect in false memories (p.95)modality tagging (p.95)modified free recall procédure (p.95)mood-congruent memory (p.96)mood-dependent memory (p.96)morphological priming (p.96)motivated forgetting (p.96)movement span (p.96)multidimensional face space model (p.96)multiple trace model (p.97)multitrial free recall (p.97)n-back task (p.98)naming task (p.98)near transfer (p.98)negation-induced forgetting (p.98)negative acceleration curve (p.98)negative priming (p.98)negative recency effect (p.98)negative repetition effect (p.98)negative transfer (p.99)negativity bias (p.99)NICHD protocol (p.100)node (p.100)noetic consciousness (p.100)non associative learning (p.100)non declarative memory (p.100)non-focal prospective memory task (p.101)nonbelieved memory (p.101)

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COLLECTIONS

nonsense syllabes (p.101)nonword repetition task (p.101)Now Print! mechanism (p.101)numerical judgment of recency (p.101)observer point of view (p.102)ogive learning curve (p.102)omission error (p.102)one-list-back paradigm (p.102)onset repulsion effect (p.102)operant conditioning (p.103)operation span (p.103)organization (p.103)orienting task (p.103)orthographic distinctiveness effect (p.103)OSCAR model (p.104)output interference (p.104)overgeneral memory (p.104)overgeneral memory bias (p.104)overt-repetition technique (p.104)own-age bias (p.105)own-group bias (p.105)own-race bias (p.105)own-sex bias (p.105)own-species bias (p.105)ownership effect (p.106)paired-associates learning task (p.107)part-set cuing (p.108)partial report task (p.108)perceptual fluency (p.109)perceptual identification task (p.109)perceptual interference effect (p.109)perceptual learning (p.109)perceptual priming (p.109)perceptual representation system (p.109)perceptual span (p.109)permastore effect (p.110)personal semantic memory (p.110)phantom recollection (p.110)phenomenological characteristic (p.110)phonemic verbal fluency test (p.110)phonological loop (p.110)phonological neighbourhood effect (p.111)phonological priming (p.111)phonological similarity effect (p.111)phonological store (p.111)phonotactic frequency (p.111)picture complexity effect (p.112)pictures superiority effect (p.112)positional coding theory (p.112)positive acceleration curve (p.112)positive transfer (p.112)positivity bias (p.113)postponement error (p.113)prediction of knowing (p.113)prediction of learning (p.113)prefix effect (p.113)pretesting effect (p.114)primacy effect (p.114)primacy model (p.114)primary distinctiveness effect (p.114)prime (p.114)prime-task effect (p.114)priming (p.115)principle of coherence (p.115)principle of correspondence (p.115)principle of desirable difficulties (p.115)prior knowledge (p.115)proactive interference (p.116)probed recall (p.116)procedural memory (p.116)procedural metamemory (p.116)procedural working memory (p.116)

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COLLECTIONS

process dissociation procedure (p.116)processing fluency (p.117)production deficiency (p.117)production effect (p.117)production rule (p.117)proposition (p.117)prospective confidence (p.118)prospective memory (p.118)prototype (p.119)prototype effect (p.119)pseudoword effect (p.119)questionnaire (p.120)R/K paradigm (p.121)random generation task (p.121)Ranschburg effect (p.121)ratio rule (p.121)rationalization (p.121)reaction time (p.122)reading span (p.122)reading-digit span (p.122)recall task (p.122)recency effect (p.123)recognition failure (p.123)recognition span (p.123)recognition without identification (p.124)recognition-induced forgetting (p.124)recollection (p.124)recollection without remembering (p.124)recollective confabulation (p.124)reconstrutive memory (p.125)redintegration (p.125)rehearsal (p.125)reinforcement (p.125)relational memory (p.125)relational processing (p.125)relative distinctiveness principle (p.126)relative judgment of recency (p.126)release from proactive interference (p.126)relocation bump (p.126)remembered utility (p.126)reminiscence (p.126)reminiscence bump (p.126)reminiscence style (p.127)repeated reproduction (p.127)repetition effect (p.127)repetition priming (p.127)repisodic memory (p.128)reproductive inhibition (p.128)response bias (p.128)response competition (p.128)response signal procedure (p.128)retention interval (p.128)retrieval (p.129)retrieval effort (p.129)retrieval effort hypothesis (p.129)retrieval fluency (p.129)retrieval mode (p.129)retrieval orientation (p.130)retrieval practice (p.130)retrieval success (p.130)retrieval-enhanced suggestibility (p.130)retrieval-induced facilitation (p.130)retrieval-induced forgetting (p.130)retro-cue effect (p.131)retroactive interference (p.131)retrograde facilitation (p.131)retrospection bias (p.131)retrospective confidence (p.131)retrospective memory (p.132)revelation effect (p.132)reverse interference effect (p.132)Ribot's law (p.132)

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COLLECTIONS

ROC curve (p.132)rotation letter task (p.133)rumor mongering paradigm (p.133)running span task (p.133)SAM model (p.134)sandwich effect (p.134)SAT function (p.134)saving method (p.134)schema (p.134)schema-based false memory (p.134)script (p.135)second-order conditioning (p.135)second-order relational processing (p.135)secondary distinctiveness effect (p.135)selective attention (p.135)selective interference paradigm (p.135)self-choice effect (p.136)self-defining memory (p.136)self-directed learning (p.136)self-limiting process (p.136)self-memory model (p.136)self-memory system (p.136)Self-Ordered Pointing Test (p.136)self-reference effect (p.137)self-reference recollection effect (p.137)SEM model (p.137)semantic blocking effect (p.137)semantic differential (p.137)semantic distance (p.138)semantic feature (p.138)semantic memory (p.138)semantic network (p.139)semantic priming (p.139)semantic prospection (p.139)semantic proximity effect (p.139)semantic satiation (p.139)semantic short-term memory (p.139)semantic space (p.140)semantic verbal fluency test (p.140)semantization (p.140)sensitization (p.140)sensory memory (p.140)sensory preconditioning (p.140)sensory/functional theory (p.141)sentence superiority effect (p.141)sentence verification task (p.141)serial order intrusion (p.141)serial order reconstruction task (p.142)serial position effect (p.142)serial recall task (p.142)serial recognition task (p.142)serial reproduction (p.142)serial search (p.143)short-term consolidation (p.143)short-term memory (p.143)signal detection theory (p.144)SIMPLE model (p.144)simple reaction time (p.144)simple span (p.144)simultaneous conditioning (p.145)simultaneous learning effect (p.145)single-process models of recognition memory (p.145)size congruency effect (p.145)Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis (p.145)skill acquisition (p.145)sleeper effect (p.146)small-world network (p.146)SOB-CS model (p.146)social learning (p.146)social working memory (p.146)socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (p.146)source attribution error (p.147)

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source memory (p.147)source monitoring (p.147)source overdistribution (p.147)spacing effect (p.147)span (p.148)spatial memory (p.148)spatial span (p.148)SPI model (p.148)spin list (p.148)spontaneous false memory (p.149)spontaneous recovery (conditioning) (p.149)spontaneous recovery (memory) (p.149)spreading activation (p.149)stability bias (p.149)state-dependent memory (p.149)statistical learning (p.150)Sternberg task (p.150)stimulus-onset asynchrony (p.150)stochastic independence (p.150)storage (p.150)strategic priming (p.150)strategy (p.151)strength-based mirror effect (p.151)Stroop test (p.151)structural theories of memory (p.151)subjective organization (p.152)suffix effect (p.152)suggestibility (p.152)supervisory attentional system (p.153)suppression-induced forgetting (p.153)survival effect (p.153)survival processing (p.153)symmetry span (p.153)synaptic weight (p.154)syntactic priming (p.154)system variable (p.154)taboo word effect (p.155)target effect (p.155)targeted memory reactivation (p.155)task switching (p.155)telescoping effect (p.155)temporal compression (p.155)temporal distinctiveness (p.156)temporal gradient of retroactive interference (p.156)temporal isolation effect (p.156)temporal memory (p.156)test expectancy effect (p.156)Test of Episodic Memory for the Autobiographical Past (p.156)test-potentiated new learning (p.157)testing effect (p.157)think/not think paradigm (p.157)thinking-induced forgetting (p.158)thought substitution method (p.158)time-based prospective memory (p.158)time-based resource sharing model (p.158)tip-of-the-tongue (p.158)top-down processing (p.159)total-time hypothesis (p.159)trace conditioning (p.159)trace decay (p.159)Trail Making Test (p.160)train task (p.160)transactive memory (p.160)transfer (p.160)transfer and retroaction surface (p.160)transfer-appropriate processing (p.160)transposition error (p.161)transposition gradient (p.161)treatment (p.161)true-false effect (p.161)Tulving-Wiseman law (p.161)tunnel memory (p.162)

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two alternatives forced choice (p.162)typicality (p.162)typicality effect (p.162)typicality gradient (p.162)unconscious priming (p.163)unconscious transference (p.163)unitization (p.163)utilization deficiency (p.163)verbal association task (p.164)verbal memory (p.164)verbal overshadowing effect (p.164)verbal span (p.165)vicarious memory (p.165)violation of expectation paradigm (p.165)visible persistance (p.165)visual cache (p.165)visual imagery (p.165)visual memory (p.166)visual paired-comparison paradigm (p.166)visuo-spatial sketchpad (p.166)von Restorff effect (p.166)weapon focus effect (p.167)Wechsler Memory Scale (p.167)whole-part effect (p.167)word frequency (p.167)word length effect (p.168)word-fragment completion task (p.168)word-frequency effect (p.168)word-stem completion task (p.168)working memory (p.168)working memory period paradigm (p.169)working memory updating (p.169)working self (p.169)Yerkes-Dodson's law (p.170)yes/no recognition task (p.170)Zeigarnik effect (p.171)zombie effect (p.171)zROC curve (p.171)

Psychophysiologyemotional arousal (p.47)event-related potentials (p.52)FN400 wave (p.58)LPC wave (p.84)negative subsequent memory effect (p.99)old/new effect (p.102)positive subsequent memory effect (p.112)pupil old/new effect (p.119)pupillometry (p.119)retrograde facilitation (p.131)subsequent memory effect (p.152)

Sociologycognition (p.26)collective memory (p.28)interview (p.73)

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ThesaurusCOGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

ofHUMAN MEMORY

Memory is a particularly flourishing field of research. In thePsycINFO bibliographic database, more than 4,000 scientificarticles in psychology and related disciplines, published in2017, refer to memory in their titles.

However, the terminology used in these studies issometimes ambiguous and insufficiently organized. Thesedifficulties obviously do not encourage communicationbetween researchers.

The thesaurus of the cognitive psychology of humanmemory aims to define the terms of the domain and tostructure them. The idea is to provide the researcher, butalso anyone interested in memory, with a terminologicalresource to better understand the results and issues ofmemory research.

Photo credit: Scott Ingram

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