module road map assignment road map notice we have linked the conduit directly to the presentation...
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Module Road Map
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Assignment Road Map
Notice we have linked the conduit directly to the presentation layer. This is normally a bad idea!
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Introduction to XMLHow do we make all of these diverse
technologies work together?Extensible Mark-up Language (XML)Origins in SGML (Standard Generalised
Mark-up Language)Late 1980 early 90s Tim Berners-Lee working
in Switzerland devised the first specification for HTML based on SGML
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Simple HTML Document
Rendered as…
Tags mark-up the content…
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Problems with HTMLThe tags were defined as part of the language
specification
Different browsers added new features to the language in order to compete
Browser wars
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The Marquee Tag
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World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)Devise standards and software related to the
World Wide Web
Greater standardisation was applied to HTML leading to XML
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Applying StandardsXML HTML, XHTML, Strict, TransitionalWe must be good boys and girlsApple, Opera and Mozilla devised an
extension to HTML called Web Forms 2.0HTML 5
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Two Faces of the WebHTML 5 – Human BeingXML – SystemsE.g. Netflix - Facebook
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XMLA meta-language - data about data
May be used to define other mark-up languages
XML may be used in many other non web related contexts (Office Documents)
Allows us to split data from presentation
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Media Centre MasterTool to manage films saved as DivX filesCreation of scan foldersCommunicates with the Internet Movie
Database
Web serviceWeb page versus web document
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Viewed in Windows Media Centre
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Viewed at IMDB
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Tags in XMLXML doesn’t define a large range of tagsIf we want to create a new tag in XML we
don’t need to wait for a new version of the language
XML allows us define our own mark-up languages
XHTML (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language)
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XHTML
Document Type Definition contains a set of rules that define what are allowable tags in an XHTML file
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IMDB XML
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The XML DeclarationThe top line of the file reads as follows... <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"
standalone="yes"?>
XML Version (1.0 or 1.1 – only interested in 1.0)
Encoding – utf-8
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EncodingEverything we see on a computer is internally
represented as binary data
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
UNICODE
65 Uppercase A66 Uppercase B67 Uppercase C68 Uppercase D69 Uppercase E70 Uppercase F
41 Uppercase A42 Uppercase B43 Uppercase C44 Uppercase D45 Uppercase E46 Uppercase F
How do we translate the following? - 46, 41, 44, 45
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The Root ElementA tag that encloses all of the data in the file
and must not be empty
XML file for 28 Days Later has a root element of <Title>
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Elements <LocalTitle>28 Days Later</LocalTitle>
Opening tag <LocalTitle>Closing tag </LocalTitle>Data 28 Days Later
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Attributes and ValuesAdded to elements to include additional data(Modified structure to illustrate attributes
and values)
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Five Rules of XML1. Tag names are case sensitive
This is ok...
<LocalTitle>28 Days Later</LocalTitle> This is not...
<LocalTitle>28 Days Later</Localtitle> These are two different tags
<localtitle>28 Days Later</localtitle> <LocalTitle>28 Days Later</LocalTitle>
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Five Rules of XML2. Every opening tag must have a closing
tag
This is good...
<LocalTitle>28 Days Later</LocalTitle> This is bad...
<LocalTitle>28 Days Later
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Five Rules of XML3. A nested tag pair cannot overlap another tag
Good Bad
<Persons> <Person> <Name>Alex Palmer</Name> <Type>Actor</Type> <Role>Activist</Role> </Person>
<Persons> <Person> <Name>Alex Palmer</Name> <Type>Actor</Type> <Role>Activist</Person></Role>
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Five Rules of XML4. Attribute values must appear within quotes Good... <FilmDetail Title="28 Days Later" IMDBrating="7.6"
ProductionYear="2002">
Bad... <FilmDetail Title=28 Days Later IMDBrating=7.6
ProductionYear=2002>
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Five Rules of XML5. Every document must have a root element