ELECTRICAL POWER T&D SYSTEM

M O D U L E I V – E L E C T R I C A L D I S T R I B U T I O N S Y S T E M

POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

ANSI C84.1-1989 divides system voltages into “voltage classes.” 600 V and below are referred to as “low

voltage,” 600 V-69 kV are referred to as “medium

voltage,” 69 kV-230 kV are referred to as “high

voltage” 230 kV-1,100 kV are referred to as “extra

high voltage,” 1,100 kV also referred to as “ultra high

voltage.”

POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SECONDARY DIST.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Standar PLN, SPLN 1 : 1995 tentang Tegangan- Tegangan Standar.

Pasal 2 ayat 3 Standar ini disebutkan batasan-batasan sbb.:

Tegangan Rendah antara 100 volt sampai 1.000 volt

Tegangan Menengah di atas 1.000 volt sampai dengan 35.000 volt.

Tegangan Tinggi di atas 35.000 votlt sampai dengan 245.000 volt.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Kemudian diskripsi tegangan menengah diperlihatkan pada Tabel 2 Pasal 3:

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Saluran distribusi Primer, terletak pada sisi primer trafo distribusi, yaitu antara titik Sekunder trafo substation (Gardu Induk) dengan titik primer trafo distribusi. Saluran ini bertegangan menengah 20 kV.

Saluran Distribusi Sekunder, Terletak pada sisi sekunder trafo distribusi, yaitu antara titik sekunder dengan titik cabang menuju beban, yaitu: 220/380V

1-PHASE VS. 3-PHASE SYSTEM

1-PHASE VS. 3-PHASE SYSTEM

1st reason Three-phase machines and controls can be smaller, lighter in weight, and more efficient than comparable single-phase equipment. More power is supplied to them in the same period than can be supplied by a single-phase power circuit.

2nd reason Only about 75 percent as much copper wire is required for distributing three-phase power as is required for distributing the same amount of single-phase power.

1-PHASE VS. 3-PHASE SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONRadial LoopNet (Jaring)Spindle

DIST. SYSTEM CONFIG. -RADIAL

DIST. SYSTEM CONFIG.-LOOP

DIST. SYSTEM CONFIG.-NET

DIST. SYSTEM CONFIG.-SPINDLE

VOLTAGE DROP

VOLTAGE DROP

MV SWITCHGEAR

Switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.

Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream.

This type of equipment is important because it is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity supply

MV SWITCHGEAR TYPE

OilOil circuit breakers rely upon vaporization of some of the oil to blast a jet of oil through the arc.

MV SWITCHGEAR TYPEGas

Gas (SF6) circuit breakers sometimes stretch the arc using a magnetic field, and then rely upon the dielectric strength of the SF6 to quench the stretched arc

MV SWITCHGEAR TYPEVacuum

Vacuum circuit breakers have minimal arcing (as there is nothing to ionize other than the contact material), so the arc quenches when it is stretched by a small amount (<2–3 mm).

MV SWITCHGEARAir

Air circuit breakers may use compressed air (puff) or the magnetic force of the arc itself to elongate the arc. CBs are usually able to terminate all current flow very quickly typically between 30 ms and 150 ms depending upon the age and construction of the device.

MV SWITCHGEAR

MV SWITCHGEAR

MV- LOAD BREAK SWITCH

A load break switch is a disconnect switch that has been designed to provide making or breaking of specified currents. This is accomplished by addition of equipment that increases the operating speed of the disconnect switch blade and the addition of some type of equipment to alter the arcing phenomena and allow the safe interruption of the arc resulting when switching load currents.

OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEMConduits are hollow tubes running from manhole to

manhole in an underground transmission or distribution system. They can contain one or more ducts. They can be made of plastic (PVC), fiberglass, fiber, tile, concrete, or steel. PVC and fiberglass are most commonly used.

Duct runs are hollow tubes running from manhole to manhole inside a conduit. The sizes usually from 2 to 6 “ in diameter. Electrical cables are run through ducts and the ducts are sized accordingly. The diameter of a duct should be at least 1/2 to 3/4 inch greater than the diameter of the cable(s) installed in the duct. They can be made of plastic (PVC), fiberglass, fiber, tile, concrete, or steel. PVC and fiberglass are most commonly used. 

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEMA manhole is the opening in the underground duct

system which houses cables splices and which cablemen enter to pull in cable and to make splices and tests. Also called a splicing chamber or cable vault

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEMHV underground cable are

constructed in many different ways, but are usually shielded cables. They are made with a conductor, conductor-strand shielding, insulation, semi-conducting insulation shielding, metallic insulation shielding, and a sheath.

The sheath can be metallic and may then serve as the metallic insulation shielding and be covered with a nonmetallic jacket to protect the sheath. This sheath helps to reduce or eliminate inductive reactance.

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEMA transformer vault is a structure or room in which

power transformers, network protectors, voltage regulators, circuit breakers, meters, etc. are housed

UNDERGROUND DIST. SYSTEMA riser is a set of devices that connects an overhead

line to an underground line. A riser has a conduit from the ground up the pole where potheads are used to connect to the overhead lines

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

DIST. TRANSFORMER – SINGLE PHASE

DIST. TRANSFORMER – THREE PHASE

DIST. TRANSFORMER – THREE PHASE

DIST. TRANSFORMER – THREE PHASE

LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM

1-phase, 3-wire 3-phase, 4-wire 3-phase, 3-wire

LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM