modern poetry and poetics

8/19/2019 Modern Poetry and Poetics

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ENGL 408: Modern Poetry and Poetics

https://legacy.saylor.org/engl408/Intro/

John Freed, Ph.D. -- Saylor lead author

Creative Commons Copyright

http://www.saylor.org/


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%orse &ntrodction

Prpose o' %orse:

The decades between roughly 1890 and 1960 witnessed unprecedented efforts to create

new art, new values, and a new culture in Europe and the United States to distance itself

fro the ore socially acceptable wor!s of late "ictorian poets and artists# $uring this

tie, %estern writers, artists, and intellectuals &uestioned the accepted aesthetic nors

and produced radically e'periental wor!s of art and new understandings of what it

eans to live in odern ties# The first half of the (0th century also witnessed the ost

devastating conflicts in %estern history ) the two %orld %ars and the *olocaust ) and

these events accelerated and profoundly influenced cultural changes# +odernist poetry )

one of the ost interesting cultural developents ) eerged during this tie#

%hile it is true that odernist poetic developents sprang up in unli!ely and seeingly

spontaneous ways, we will attept to progress through this course in a roughly

chronological anner# This is because, in any ways, even odern poetry retains a

social for that can reflect the cultural and political situations in which it is written# The

course starts with a theoretical consideration of odernity and odernis, as well as a

brief introduction to poetics and soe references to preodern "ictorian poetic

practices# This course then e'plores transitional, findesi-cle poetic innovations of the.rench sybolists and %orld %ar / poets# The course addresses early odernist

oveents li!e /agis, "orticis, and .uturis as well as the writings of *igh

+odernis# unit on fricanerican odernis, often referred to as the *arle

enaissance, e'plores another crucial diension# .inally, you will analy2e how %orld

%ar // and the *olocaust affected poetry#

3y the end of the course, you will have studied the wor! of a4or erican and 3ritish

odernist poets, and you will have critically e'plored the characteristic techni&ues,concerns, and tropes of odern poetry#

!e %orse)s Grand *esign

Two 3ridges to +odernity

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/


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Thin! of this course in ters of two bridges# The shorter bridge is the ain sub4ect of this

course, or odern poetry in a certain tie period, being fro the relative orderliness of

the late 19th century 5i#e#, "ictorian era to the chaotic end of %orld %ar // and the

potentialities for worldwide nuclear annihilation during the early 19607s# The longer

bridge proceeds fro certainty into doubt#

The onger 3ridge

The longer cultural bridge is the overarching philosophical paradig shift to

odernity, ar!ed in literary ters on one end by ohn +ilton7s 16:; Paradise

Lost The best website for all of +ilton7s poetry coplete with annotations is The

ohn +ilton eading oo at $artouth#? and on the other end by %illia @arlos

%illias7 19(A BThe ed %heelbarrow#C The really big &uestion in this course is howdid %estern culture coe fro +ilton7s confident B4ustifying the ways of Dod to enC in

his epic poe>

Of Man’s First Disobedience, and the Fruit

Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal taste

Brought $eath into the %orld, and all our woe ,

With loss of Eden, till one greater +an

estore us, and regain the blissful !eat,

!ing *eav7nly +use , that on the secret to"

Of reb , or of !inai, didst ins"ire

That !he"herd, who first taught the chosen Seed ,

/n the 3eginning how the #ea$’ns and Earth

ose out of @haos% & & &

to barely being able to hang on to the e'istence of reality itself with %illia @arlos

%illias7 poeF

so much de"ends

u"on

a red wheel

barrow

gla'ed with rain

water

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/contents/index.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/contents/index.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/contents/index.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/contents/index.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blankhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/notes.shtml?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#_blank


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beside the white

chic(ens

BSo uch dependsC on what, +r# %illiasF +ilton e'plained in gargantuan detail what

depended on da7s tasting of the forbidden fruit, while %illia @arlos %illias leavesus with a 16 word eniga about a wheelbarrow and chic!ens#

The Shorter 3ridge

The shorter bridge that this course on the modern represents is the one that connects the

"ictorian period to the start of our contem"orar) artistic endeavors# The one that begins

near Tennyson7s B/nto the valley of death rode the 6,000C and ends with the advent of the

3eat poets with Dinsberg7s B*owlC> Bdragging theselves through the negro streets at

dawn loo!ing for an angry fi'#C Dinsberg7s B*owlC in so any ways registers the

culination of the wars and the beginning of self*absorbed, contem"orar) poetry, which

would be the sub4ect for a subse&uent course#

The ain goal of this course is to show you the functioning of that shorter bridge# *art

@rane visuali2ed it both concretely and etaphorically# .or hi, it was the B3roo!lyn

3ridgeC itself# .or e, it is the ter modern&

n her death bed surrounded by her friends and fellow artists, Dertrude Stein7s last words

e'pressed odern art7s continuing efforts to e'press the ine'pressible in our centerlessuniverse# B%hat is the answerFC she as!ed, and when no answer cae she laughed and

said> BThen, what is the &uestionFC %e will hear a nuber of (0th century poets try to

coe up with that &uestion throughout this course#

Pri+ary esorces: This course coprises a range of different open access, online

aterials# *owever, it a!es priary use of the following aterials>

Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s B+odern HoetryC ectures

University of /llinois at Urbana@hapaign> English $epartent7s B+odern erican

HoetryC

University of Hennsylvania> Hrofessor l .ilreis7 B+odern and @onteporary

erican HoetryC resources and the @oursera +@ lin! for .all (01A )

https>IIwww#coursera#orgIcourseIodernpoetry #

http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/index.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/index.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/index.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/home.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/home.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748https://www.coursera.org/course/modernpoetryhttp://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/index.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/index.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/home.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/home.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748https://www.coursera.org/course/modernpoetry


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i+e %o++it+ent: This course should ta!e you a total of 4 !ors to coplete# Gou

will have unliited access to the course and can approach the course in any way that you

dee appropriate for your learning style and other tie coitents# The course is

pro4ected over a traditional 1J wee! seester, so you ay choose to do it in this tie

frae, or you ay ta!e less tie or ore tie# Each unit includes a tie advisory that

lists the aount of tie you are e'pected to spend on each subunit# These should help

you plan your tie#

ips/ggestions: s you study the poes in this course, !eep in ind that it ay help

to read each poe on the page as well as out loud# This course covers a wide variety of

literary stylesK therefore, it is essential to !eep careful notes as you study# %rite down the

naes of any style, oveent, poet, literary conventions used by that poet, andinterpretations you have about the poe# eview your notes fro previous units before

starting a new unit so that coparisons between the various styles and oveents of

odernist poetry will be ore apparent#

Learning 1tco+e s

Upon successful copletion of this course, you should be able to>

define the ter modernism with regard to ngloerican poetry, and describe how it

is distinct fro the descriptor late*+ictorianK

closely read 5i#e#, e'plicate the poetics of representative e'aples of odern poetryK

discuss the transitional aspects between late"ictorian and odernisK

analy2e a wide variety of odernist poes by coparing and contrasting the in

ters of for, content, and rhetorical purposeK

chronologically organi2e the ost iportant 3ritish and erican odernist poets

into definable categories or oveentsK

distinguish low odernis fro the high odernis of Hound and EliotK

identify and analy2e political and activist aspects of odernist poetry with specific

reference to the *arle enaissanceK and

analy2e the sociopolitical conte't of the odernist oveents in erica and

Europe in the first half of the (0th century with special ephasis on the relationship

between poetry, the two %orld %ars, and the *olocaust#

*r. 2o!n 3reed, course developent consultant

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/


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4freed11Lgail#co

nit : !e Province o' Modern Poetry

This course will attem"t to sna(e its wa) chronologicall) through the "oetr) "roduced in

the first half of the -thcentur) under the literar) banner of modernism& .n /nit 0, wewill begin b) defining modernism and re$iewing the "oetr) and "oets that "receded

modern "oetr) in the +ictorian era& With the ob1ecti$e of defining modernism in mind, we

will e2"lore what modern is 3OT 4 that is, )ou will e2"lore those 05th*centur)assum"tions and con$entions that modern "oets sought to dissociate themsel$es from and

the socio*historical conte2t in which the) had de$elo"ed& This unit contains a sam"ler of

the +ictorian*era establishment*a""ro$ed "oets 4 6lfred, Lord Tenn)son, ud)ard

7i"ling, Matthew 6rnold, #enr) Wadsworth Longfellow, and 8ohn 9reenleaf Whittier 4that the modernist "oets so self*consciousl) rebelled against& The modernist "oets also

rebelled against those societies that "roduced World War ., World War .., and the :old

War&

Fortunatel), the most familiar 6merican "oet, obert Frost, emerged at the beginning of

the modernist mo$ement& Frost is the "oet that Professor Langdon #ammer first choosesto introduce in his ;Modern Poetr)< course at =ale /ni$ersit)& The unit will lead into an

introduction of modern "oets through a stud) of obert Frost&Finall), this unit will

conclude with a general discussion of characteristic modernist concerns as the) tend to

be defined b) scholars&

nit Learning 1tco+es

Upon successful copletion of this unit, you should be able to>

define the ter modernism with regard to poetryK and

analy2e representative e'aples of "ictorianera poetry7s genteel, chauvinistic,

naturalistic and foralist &ualities, and contrast these poes with &ualities of odern

poetry as e'eplified by obert .rost#

. 5!at *oes t!e er+ Modern Mean6

.. Modernis+: 7istorical ac"grond and Preli+inary *e'initions

eading> Sweet 3riar @ollege> $r# @hristopher #@#E# %itcobe7s BThe oots of

+odernisCin!> Sweet 3riar @ollege> $r# @hristopher #@#E# %itcobe7s BThe oots of

+odernisC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead BThe oots of +odernis,C which provides soe preliinary

definitions of odernis and provides an overview of transforations of %estern culture

that too! place between the enaissance and the late 19th century#

mailto:[email protected]://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://witcombe.sbc.edu/modernism/roots.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://witcombe.sbc.edu/modernism/roots.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748mailto:[email protected]://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://witcombe.sbc.edu/modernism/roots.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://witcombe.sbc.edu/modernism/roots.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


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s you read, consider the following study &uestions> *ow does $r# %itcobe define

odernisF %hat does he identify as the ost iportant reasons for its eergenceF

eading this te't and answering the &uestions above should ta!e appro'iately 1 hour#

eading> The University of Te'as at ustin> *arry anso @enter7s Hress elease>

B+a!e /t =ew> The ise of +odernis E'hibitionC

in!> The University of Te'as at ustin> *arry anso @enter7s Hress elease> B+a!e /t =ew> The ise of +odernis E'hibitionC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this press release for an overview of the historical conte't of and the

defining features of the odernist period#

eading this press release should ta!e appro'iately 1J inutes#

..9 *i''erentiating 1r Modernist er+inology

eading> "anderbilt University> $r# 3ill Mupinse7s B+odernis, +oderni2ation,

+odernitN, +odern> Soe $efinitionsC

in!> "anderbilt University> $r# 3ill Mupinse7s B+odernis, +oderni2ation, +odernitN,+odern> Soe $efinitionsC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this te't, which proposes various definitions of odernis andodernity#

s you read, consider the following study &uestions> *ow do these definitions differ fro

one anotherF %hy do you thin! they differF %hich of the definitions do you find ostuseful at this point in the courseF

eading this te't and answering the &uestions above should ta!e appro'iately 1Jinutes#

.9 ;ictorian-Era a+pler: !e Moderns ntit!esis

.9. l'red, Lord ennyson

eading> "ictorian %eb> lfred ord Tennyson7s BThe @harge of the ight 3rigadeC

in!> "ictorian %eb> lfred ord Tennyson7s BThe @harge of the ight

3rigadeC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead Tennyson7s poe, BThe @harge of the ight 3rigade#C =ote the

chauvinistic, naturalistic, sentiental, and foralist attributes of this "ictorianera poe

and the accopanying coentary# +ost of these attributes becoe antithetical to

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/press/releases/2003/nr100903modernism.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/press/releases/2003/nr100903modernism.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/kupinse/modernism.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/kupinse/modernism.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/tennyson/charge.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/tennyson/charge.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/tennyson/charge.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/tennyson/charge.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/press/releases/2003/nr100903modernism.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/press/releases/2003/nr100903modernism.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/kupinse/modernism.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/kupinse/modernism.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/tennyson/charge.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/tennyson/charge.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


8/56

odernist poets#

eading this poe should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

eading> "ictorian %eb> *ailton 3ec!7s BE'plication @oentaryCin!> "ictorian %eb> *ailton 3ec!7s BE'plication @oentaryC 5*T+

/nstructions> fter you have studied Tennyson7s poe, BThe @harge of the ight

3rigade,C read 3ec!7s BE'plication @oentaryC fro the paragraph beginning with

BThe @harge of the ight 3rigade was certainly an e'aple of bravadoOC through the paragraph that begins with BTennyson was not naPve in his praise of warOC Meep the

thees of bravado and the glory of war in ind for "ictorian poetry to contrast against

the war poes you will read later in Units ; and 8#

eading this coentary should ta!e appro'iately 1J inutes#

eading> /nternet rchive> lfred ord Tennyson7s BQThe 3roo!,7 Q3rea!, 3rea!, 3rea!,7

QSweet and ow,7 and QThe Eagle7Cin!> /nternet rchive> lfred ord Tennyson7s BQThe 3roo!,7 Q3rea!, 3rea!, 3rea!,7

QSweet and ow,7 and QThe Eagle7C 5*T+

/nstructions> ead the following poes> BThe 3roo!,C B3rea!, 3rea!, 3rea!,C BSweet

and ow,C and BThe Eagle#C @onsider how these poes copare and contrast to BThe

@harge of the ight 3rigade#C

Studying these poes should ta!e appro'iately 1 hour#

.9.9 dyard udyard Mipling7s B+y .atherRs @hair,C BThe Secret of the +achines,C B Songof the English,C and lastair %ilson7s B@oentary on Q Song of the English7C

in!> udyard Mipling7s B+y .atherRs @hair,C 5*T+ BThe Secret of the

+achines,C 5*T+, B Song of the EnglishC 5*T+, and lastair%ilson7s B@oentary on Q Song of the English7C 5*T+

/nstructions> ead Mipling7s poes> B+y .ather7s @hair,C BThe Secret of the +achines,C

and B Song of the English#C Then, read the accopanying coentary# =ote MiplingRshyperpatriotis and belief in the English epireRs industrial and oral e'ceptionalis#

Studying these poes and coentary should ta!e appro'iately 1 hour#

.9.= Matt!ew rnold

eading> "ictorian %eb> +atthew rnold7s B$over 3eachC

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.victorianweb.org/history/crimea/beck/2.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#althttp://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://archive.org/stream/brookbreakbreakb00tenn?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#page/n11/mode/2uphttp://archive.org/stream/brookbreakbreakb00tenn?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#page/n11/mode/2uphttp://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_fatherschair.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_secretmachines.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_secretmachines.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_english.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.kipling.org.uk/rg_english1.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.victorianweb.org/history/crimea/beck/2.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#althttp://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://archive.org/stream/brookbreakbreakb00tenn?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#page/n11/mode/2uphttp://archive.org/stream/brookbreakbreakb00tenn?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748#page/n11/mode/2uphttp://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_fatherschair.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_secretmachines.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_secretmachines.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.kipling.org.uk/poems_english.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.kipling.org.uk/rg_english1.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/


9/56

in!> "ictorian %eb> +atthew rnoldRs B$over 3eachC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead rnold7s poe, B$over 3each#C =ote the &ualities of the poe thata!e it particular to its tie, such as nature iagery, sensory iagery, songli!e rhyth,

rhye schee, and others# B$over 3eachC is rnoldRs fatalistic warning to hold onto the

sweetness of a oent as long as possible before the iperial giant England, poised onthe precipice of $overRs cliffs, is Bswept University of Toronto7s epresentative Hoetry nline> *enry %adsworthongfellow7s BThe andlord7s Tale> Haul evere7s ideC

in!> University of Toronto7s epresentative Hoetry nline> *enry %adsworth

ongfellow7s BThe andlordRs Tale> Haul evere7s ideC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead ongfellow7s poe, BThe andlord7s Tale#C This poe represents

ongfellow7s nationalistic pride#

eading this poe should ta!e appro'iately ;J inutes#

eading> The 6merican !cholar > ill epore7s B*ow ongfellow %o!e the $eadC

in!> The 6merican !cholar > ill epore7s B*ow ongfellow %o!e the $eadC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this coentary on ongfellow7s infaous poe, BThe andlord7s

http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/arnold/writings/doverbeach.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/arnold/touche4.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/an-april-day/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/an-april-day/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/landlords-tale-paul-reveres-ride?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://theamericanscholar.org/how-longfellow-woke-the-dead/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://theamericanscholar.org/how-longfellow-woke-the-dead/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/arnold/writings/doverbeach.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/arnold/touche4.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/an-april-day/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/landlords-tale-paul-reveres-ride?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://theamericanscholar.org/how-longfellow-woke-the-dead/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


10/56

Tale> Haul evere7s ide#C

s you read, consider the following study &uestions> $o you agree with epore7s readingof ongfellow7s poeF %hy, or why notF E'plain your reasoning#

eading this te't and answering the &uestions above should ta!e appro'iately 1 hourand A0 inutes#

.9. 2o!n Greenlea' 5!ittier

eading> ==$3> B3iography of ohn Dreenleaf %hittierCin!> ==$3> B3iography of ohn Dreenleaf %hittierC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this biography for an introduction to the poet, ohn Dreenleaf %hittier#

eading this te't should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

eading> =orth Shore @ounity @ollege> ohn Dreenleaf %hittier7s BTelling the 3eesC

in!> =orth Shore @ounity @ollege> ohn Dreenleaf %hittier7s BTelling the3eesC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead %hittier7s poe, BTelling the 3ees#C =ote the thees of this poe andthe foral characteristics that are typical of "ictorian poetry# Ta!e notes on this poe as

you will revisit it later in subunit 1#A as a precursor to obert .rost#

eading this poe should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

eading> The Duardian> @arol uens7 BHoe of the %ee!> QTelling the 3ees7 by ohn

Dreenleaf %hittierC

in!> The 9uardian> @arol uens7 BHoe of the %ee!> QTelling the 3ees7 by ohnDreenleaf %hittierC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this coentary on BTelling the 3ees#C This reading shouldconte'tuali2e %hittier for you between the Scotch poet, obert 3urns, and %hittierRs

=ew England successor, obert .rost#

eading this coentary should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

.= &ntrodction to Modern Poetry and o>ert 3rost

ecture> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture 1> /ntroduction to

+odern HoetryCin!> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture 1> /ntroduction to +odern

HoetryC 5dobe .lash, uic!Tie, *T+, +pA

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.nndb.com/people/214/000103902/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.nndb.com/people/214/000103902/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://myweb.northshore.edu/users/sherman/whittier/haverhill/ft_tellingthebees.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://myweb.northshore.edu/users/sherman/whittier/haverhill/ft_tellingthebees.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jun/11/poem-week-telling-the-bees?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jun/11/poem-week-telling-the-bees?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jun/11/poem-week-telling-the-bees?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-1?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-1?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-1?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.nndb.com/people/214/000103902/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://myweb.northshore.edu/users/sherman/whittier/haverhill/ft_tellingthebees.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://myweb.northshore.edu/users/sherman/whittier/haverhill/ft_tellingthebees.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jun/11/poem-week-telling-the-bees?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/jun/11/poem-week-telling-the-bees?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-1?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-1?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


11/56

/nstructions> %atch the lecture titled B/ntroduction to +odern Hoetry#C s you view the

lecture, note how Hrofessor *aer identifies the goals of odernist poets and theireans of brea!ing with traditional fors and conventions#

%atching this lecture, pausing to ta!e notes, and copleting the writing activity above

should ta!e appro'iately 1 hour and A0 inutes#

eading> Hoe *unter> obert .rost7s But, utC and B+owingCin!> Hoe *unter> obert .rost7s But, utC 5*T+ and B+owingC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead obert .rost7s poes, But, utC and B+owing#C =ote the applicable

characteristics of odernist poetry that Hrofessor *aer describes in his lecture#

s you read, consider the following study &uestion and writing propt> %hat effectsdoes .rost try to achieveF %rite a brief interpretation of each poe#

Studying these poes, answering the &uestion above, and copleting the writing activity

should ta!e appro'iately ;J inutes#

ecture> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture (> obert .rostC

in!> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture (> obert .rostC 5dobe

.lash, uic!Tie, *T+, +pA

/nstructions> %atch the lecture titled Bobert .rost#C

s you view this lecture, consider the following study &uestions> *ow does Hrofessor*aer7s interpretation of the poes But, utC and B+owingC copare to your ownF

evisit %hittier7s poe, BTelling the 3ees#C *ow ight this poe have influenced the

erican vernacular used by .rostF

%atching this lecture, pausing to ta!e notes, and answering the &uestions above should

ta!e you appro'iately 1 hour and A0 inutes#

nit Essay E#a+ ype o' ssess+ent

=ou can test )our content com"etenc) of unit 0 of !a)lor>s E39L?-@ course b) outlining

)our s"ecific answers to the following set of essa) "rom"ts to "re"are for the final e2am& 6 t)"ical essa) length would be between A- and A-- words&

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://poemhunter.com/poem/out-out/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://poemhunter.com/poem/out-out/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://poemhunter.com/poem/mowing/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://poemhunter.com/poem/mowing/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-2?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-2?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://poemhunter.com/poem/out-out/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://poemhunter.com/poem/mowing/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-2?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


12/56

1# 3riefly e'plain what can be said about +odernis in general fro Gertrde tein)s

prosepoe B ight in the +oodC http>IIwww#poetry

archive#coIsIalightintheoon#htl and Picasso)s portrait of her shown herehttp>IIupload#wi!iedia#orgIwi!ipediaIcoonsI9I9(IDertrudeSteinsittingonasofa

inherHarisstudio,withaportraitofherbyHabloHicasso#4pg and here

http>IIuraericansinparis#files#wordpress#coI(010I11Ipicassostein1#4pg #

(# /n what specific ways does Matt!ew rnold)s poe B$over 3eachC

http>IIwww#bartleby#coI(;6I;(0#htl anifest transitional eleents between late"ictorian and +odernist poetryF

A# %hat are soe of the essential differences between o>ert 3rost)s poe B*oe

3urialC http>IIwww#bartleby#coI118I6#htl and the 2o!n Greenlea' 5!ittier poeBTelling the 3eesFC http>IIwww#poehunter#coIpoeItellingthebeesI %hat &ualities

characteri2e one of the as +odernist and the other as late"ictorianF

/nstructions> @onsider the essay propts for this assessent, and craft an essay foundedon your readings fro this unit# fter writing your essay, use the Bubric for Effectively

%ritten @ollegeevel EssaysC 5H$. to selfevaluate your writing#

@opleting this assessent should ta!e appro'iately A hours#

http://www.poetry-archive.com/s/a_light_in_the_moon.htmlhttp://www.poetry-archive.com/s/a_light_in_the_moon.htmlhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gertrude_Stein_sitting_on_a_sofa_in_her_Paris_studio,_with_a_portrait_of_her_by_Pablo_Picasso.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gertrude_Stein_sitting_on_a_sofa_in_her_Paris_studio,_with_a_portrait_of_her_by_Pablo_Picasso.jpghttp://uramericansinparis.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/picasso-stein1.jpghttp://www.bartleby.com/246/420.htmlhttp://www.bartleby.com/118/6.htmlhttp://www.poemhunter.com/poem/telling-the-bees/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/telling-the-bees/http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ENGL408-Rubric-for-Effectively-Written-College-Level-Essays-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ENGL408-Rubric-for-Effectively-Written-College-Level-Essays-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.poetry-archive.com/s/a_light_in_the_moon.htmlhttp://www.poetry-archive.com/s/a_light_in_the_moon.htmlhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gertrude_Stein_sitting_on_a_sofa_in_her_Paris_studio,_with_a_portrait_of_her_by_Pablo_Picasso.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Gertrude_Stein_sitting_on_a_sofa_in_her_Paris_studio,_with_a_portrait_of_her_by_Pablo_Picasso.jpghttp://uramericansinparis.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/picasso-stein1.jpghttp://www.bartleby.com/246/420.htmlhttp://www.bartleby.com/118/6.htmlhttp://www.poemhunter.com/poem/telling-the-bees/http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ENGL408-Rubric-for-Effectively-Written-College-Level-Essays-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ENGL408-Rubric-for-Effectively-Written-College-Level-Essays-FINAL.pdf


13/56

nit 9: !e 3renc! y+>olists: !e 3ontain!ead o' Modernis+

3ow that )ou ha$e a good sense of the con$entions and assum"tions that the modernists resisted, wewill turn our attention to the French !)mbolists in this unit& B) stud)ing the material in this unit, )ou

will be able to answer uestions about the relationshi" between 6nglo*6merican modern "oetr) of the

-th centur) and the French !)mbolist "oetr) of the 05th centur)& =ou will be able to distinguish the

a$aunt*garde "oetic e2"eriments of three of the best (nown "oets of this mo$ement% :harles Baudelaire, 6rthur imbaud, and !tC"hane MallarmC& =ou will also be able to recogni'e how those

e2"eriments became the fountainhead of modernism&

nit 9 Learning 1tco+es


define French !)mbolism of the late 19th centuryK

analy2e soe e'aples of sybolist poes and poets through close readingK and

identify soe of the a4or features of .rench Sybolist poetry that carryover into the odernist

poetry at the beginning of the (0th century#

9. %oncepts o' rt! and Ele+ents o' Mystery in 3renc! y+>olist Poetry

eading> Hoets#org> The cadey of erican Hoets7 B 3rief Duide to the SybolistsC

in!> Hoets#org> The cadey of erican Hoets7 B 3rief Duide to the SybolistsC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this introduction to the .rench Sybolists# Then, follow the lin!s in the left colun

under Belated uthorsC to read the full entries about @harles 3audelaire, rthur ibaud, and

StNphane +allarN#

s you read, consider the following study &uestions> %hat were the ost iportant characteristics of

.rench SybolisF *ow did 3audelaire, ibaud, and +allarN contribute to sybolist poeticsF%hat connections do you see between each of their lives and their literary e'perientsF

eading these sections and answering the &uestions above should ta!e appro'iately 1 hour and A0

inutes#

9.9 %!arles adelaire, 3at!er o' Modern Poetry

eading> Hoe *unter> @harles 3audelaire7s B@orrespondences,C B/nvitation to a "oyage,C and B@atsC

in!> Hoe *unter> @harles 3audelaire7s B@orrespondencesC 5*T+, B/nvitation to a"oyageC 5*T+, and B@atsC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead 3audelaire7s poes, B@orrespondencesC and B/nvitation to a "oyage,C as well as allof the provided translations of B@ats#C

s you read the poes, consider the following study &uestions and writing propt> %hat are the ost

iportant stylistic and iageryrelated differences between B@orrespondencesC and B/nvitation to a"oyageCF %hy are the translations of B@atsC different fro one anotherF %hy is Sybolist poetry

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5674?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5674?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/correspondences/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/invitation-to-the-voyage/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/invitation-to-the-voyage/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/invitation-to-the-voyage/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/les-chats-cats/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/les-chats-cats/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5674?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/correspondences/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/invitation-to-the-voyage/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/invitation-to-the-voyage/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/les-chats-cats/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


14/56


15/56

chatscatsI list all of the iages used by adelaire in this poe and write down the associations that

each iage elicits in your ind# This is how iagery becoes a sybolic lin! between the author and

the reader of lyrical poetry# Then, write a brief essay on how adelaire uses sybolis in this poe

and how that affects the reader7s interpretation of the poe#

(# Pal ;alery, a fellow poet, reported that Mallar+? hiself was unhappy that his poe Bfternoon

of a .aunC http>IIwww#angelfire#coIartIdoitIallare#htl was used as the basis for %lade*e>ssy)s BHrelude to the fternoon of a .aunC https>IIwww#youtube#coIwatchFv9:lo2*%U+

in this anner>

;#e Mallarme belie$ed that his own music was sufficient, and that e$en with the best intentions in

the world,it was a $eritable crime as far as "oetr) was concerned to 1u2ta"ose "oetr) and music, e$en

if it were the finest music there is&<

Mallar+e hiself, however, sent the following note of congratulations to *e>ssy:

;. ha$e 1ust come out of the concert, dee"l) mo$ed& The mar$el =our illustration of the 6fternoon of a Faun, which "resents a dissonance with m) te2t onl) b) going much further, reall), into nostalgia and

into light, with finesse, with sensualit), with richness& . "ress )our hand admiringl), Debuss)& =ours,

MallarmC&<

fter reading the poe and listening to the *e>ssy piece, e'plain which version of Mallar+e)s

response you believe is ore reliable#

/nstructions> @onsider the essay propts for this assessent, and craft an essay founded on your

readings fro this unit# fter writing your essay, use the Bubric for Effectively %ritten @ollegeevel

EssaysC 5H$. to selfevaluate your writing#

@opleting this assessent should ta!e appro'iately A hours#

http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/les-chats-cats/http://www.angelfire.com/art/doit/mallarme.htmlhttp://www.angelfire.com/art/doit/mallarme.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_7loz-HWUMhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ENGL408-Rubric-for-Effectively-Written-College-Level-Essays-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ENGL408-Rubric-for-Effectively-Written-College-Level-Essays-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.poemhunter.com/poem/les-chats-cats/http://www.angelfire.com/art/doit/mallarme.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_7loz-HWUMhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ENGL408-Rubric-for-Effectively-Written-College-Level-Essays-FINAL.pdfhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ENGL408-Rubric-for-Effectively-Written-College-Level-Essays-FINAL.pdf


16/56

nit =: Early Modernist Move+ents: y+>olis+, &+agis+, and !eir elatives

From a contem"orar) "oet’s "ers"ecti$e that often sim"lifies the initial choice of directions between formalist verse such as D)lan Thomas> famous $illanelle ;Do not go gentle into that good night<

and free verse such as e&e& cummings’ ;s"ring is li(e a "erha"s G #and in a window,< the e2istence of

so man), often contentious mo$ements, in modern "oetr) H05--405I-J seems "eculiar& What ma) be

e$en stranger is that almost e$er) mo$ement is bac(ed b) a re$olutionar) manifesto, arguing thatmo$ement’s greater understanding of the true nature or "ur"ose of its brand of "oetr), "ublished in its

own s"ecial 1ournal&

8eanine 8ohnson in her boo(, %hy %rite HoetryF> +odern Hoets $efending Their rt, attem"ts to sum

u" the rationale behind the "lethora of "oetic mo$ements that s"rung u" throughout the -th centur)%

;Po"e and Tenn)son could assume, in a wa) that Eliot and Pound could not, that the inter"reti$e

eui"ment their readers brought to their "oems was more or less adeuate and therefore, the modern

"oets wrote manifestoes and critical "rose in un"recedented uantities to tr) to communicate to

readers the "rinci"les at wor( behind their "oems& & & & Man) of these manifestoes "romoted a

"articular t)"e of or a""roach to "oetr)& These were defences of imagism, $orticism, futurism, andob1ecti$ismK of the Fugiti$es and neo*s)mbolistsK of an authentic ;3egro< or 6frican*6merican

literature as en$isioned in a certain wa) b) Langston #ughes in Fire H05IJ, and in other wa)s b)later authors such as 6miiri Bara(a and 6udre LordeK of Pro1ecti$e +erse and of the wor(s of the

L639/69E "oetsK of Beat "oetr) and of feminist confessional "oetr)&<

.n this unit, we will consider an e2tensi$e sam"ling of some of these mo$ements, including !)mbolism

and .magism& We will discuss other mo$ements, such as the more radical mo$ements of Futurism,

+orticism, Ob1ecti$ism, and #igh Modernism, in greater detail in /nits , A, and I of this course,meta"horicall) interru"ted b) /nit ?’s co$erage of the most defining e$ent of the -th centur), World

War .&

This unit o"ens with a com"arison of !)mbolism to +ictorian era "oetr)& This unit will discuss theincor"oration of !)mbolism into modern British "oetic e2"ression, such as with W&B& =eats, and

6merican "oetic e2"ressions, such as with Wallace !te$ens, and will then turn to the $arious other ;4

isms< that were culti$ated in the earl) 05--s, e2amining their "oetics, "ractices, and concerns&Thisunit attem"ts to define .magism and then continues to e2"lore .magism and its sister "oetic mo$ements

with names li(e 6m)gism as well as Mo$ement and !tasis& .magism is the name gi$en to a mo$ement in

"oetr), originating in 050 and re"resented b) E'ra Pound, 6m) Lowell, #ilda Doolittle H#&D&J,Wallace !te$ens, ichard 6ldington, F&!& Flint, 8ohn 9ould Fletcher, #arriet Monroe, Marianne

Moore, and others& .magism aims at clarit) of e2"ression through the use of "recise $isual images& .n

the earl) "eriod, the word was often written in the French form .magisme as an e2tension of the

"ractice of the 05th centur) French !)mbolists studied in /nit &

nit = Learning 1tco+es


define and identify characteristics of the set of oveents branching ost directly fro the .rench

Sybolistes> /agis, variations of Sybolis, ygis, and +oveent and StasisK and

analy2e soe e'aples of poes and poets fro each of these oveents#


17/56

eading> 3rown University and The University of Tulsa7s The +odernist ournals Hro4ect>B+odernis 3egan in the +aga2inesC

in!> 3rown University and The University of Tulsa7s The +odernist ournals Hro4ect> B+odernis

3egan in the +aga2inesC 5*T+

/nstructions> eview this e'cellent collection of poetry 4ournals that sprung up in the early (0th centuryand published boundarybrea!ing odern poets7 wor!s and theories of poetry# @lic! on the iage of

each 4ournal to learn ore about the publication#

eviewing the 4ournals should ta!e appro'iately ;J inutes#

=. !e *ecadent y+>olists

eading> Drand "alley State University> +ichael %ebster7s BHoetic +odes in the ate 19th and Early

(0th @enturyC

in!> Drand "alley State University> +ichael %ebster7s BHoetic +odes in the ate 19th and Early

(0th@enturyC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this article, ta!ing notes on how Sybolist and /agist poetry was a reaction against

the genteel poetry of the "ictorian era# This reading will also revisit the definition and characteristics ofodernis# /dentify the features of the decadent /agists and Sybolists vs# those of the genteel

"ictorian poets#

eading this article and identifying these features should ta!e appro'iately 1 hour#

=.9 5illia+ tler @eats and t!e Early se o' &ris! Myt!ology

eading> 3artleby> %illia 3utler Geats7 BThe Song of %andering engusC and B @oatCin!> 3artleby> %illia 3utler Geats7 BThe Song of %andering engusC 5*T+ and B

@oatC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead Geats7 poes, BThe Song of %andering engusC and B @oat#C

s you read, consider the following study &uestion and writing propt> *ow does Sybolis enter

into Geats7 poetryF .or each poe, write a paragraph in which you analy2e the poe7s doinantsybols# @onsider posting your paragraph to the E=D;08 @ourse $iscussion 3oard, and respond to

other students7 posts#

Studying these poes, answering the &uestion above, and copleting the writing activity should ta!eappro'iately 1 hour#

eading> %i!iSource> %illia 3utler Geats7 BThe +adness of Ming DollCin!> %i!iSource> %illia 3utler Geats7 BThe +adness of Ming DollC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead Geats7 poe, BThe +adness of Ming Doll#C This poe presents itself as a

onologue and an ode to the /rish spirit#

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://dl.lib.brown.edu/mjp/journals.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://dl.lib.brown.edu/mjp/journals.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://dl.lib.brown.edu/mjp/journals.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/Poetic_Modes.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/Poetic_Modes.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.bartleby.com/146/9.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.bartleby.com/147/31.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.bartleby.com/147/31.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://forums.saylor.org/forum/english/ENGL408/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://forums.saylor.org/forum/english/ENGL408/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Madness_of_King_Goll?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Madness_of_King_Goll?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://dl.lib.brown.edu/mjp/journals.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://dl.lib.brown.edu/mjp/journals.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/Poetic_Modes.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/Poetic_Modes.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.bartleby.com/146/9.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.bartleby.com/147/31.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.bartleby.com/147/31.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://forums.saylor.org/forum/english/ENGL408/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Madness_of_King_Goll?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


18/56

s you read, consider the following &uestion and writing propt> *ow ight the poet represent

hiself through Ming DollF *ow ight the use of yth correspond to the use of sybolisF

eading this poe, answering the &uestion above, and copleting the writing activity should ta!e

appro'iately ( hours#

ecture> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture ;> %illia 3utler GeatsCin!> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture ;> %illia 3utler GeatsC 5dobe .lash,

uic!Tie, *T+, +pA

/nstructions> %atch the B%illia 3utler GeatsC lecture# /n this lecture, Hrofessor *aer analy2es two

of Geats7 poes> BThe Song of the %andering engusC and B @oat#C Hrofessor *aer also proposes

that Geats, in a certain sense, identified with Ming Doll# @onsider how Hrofessor *aer7s connections

between the poet and Ming Doll copare or contrast to your own ideas about this sub4ect that youwrote about after reading the poe, BThe +adness of Ming Doll#C

%atching this lecture, pausing to ta!e notes, answering the &uestions above, and copleting the writing

activity should ta!e appro'iately ( hours#

eading> Hoetry rchive> %illia 3utler Geats7 BTo the ose upon the ood of TieC

in!> Hoetry rchive> %illia 3utler Geats7 BTo the ose upon the ood of TieC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead Geats7 poe, BTo the ose upon the ood of Tie#C s you read, identify the

poe7s foral features, its thees, and its use of sybolis and iagery#

eading this poe and identifying its features should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

eading> 3artleby> %illia 3utler Geats7 BThe %ild Swans at @ooleC

in!> 3artleby> %illia 3utler Geats7 BThe %ild Swans at @ooleC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead Geats7 poe, BThe %ild Swans at @oole#C /dentify the foral features, thees, and

use of sybolis and iagery in this poe#

eading this poe and identifying its features should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

eading> %illia 3utler Geats7 BThe Sybolis of HoetryC

in!> %illia 3utler Geats7 BThe Sybolis of HoetryC 5*T+

/nstructions> fter reading Geats7 poes in this subunit, read Geats7 essay, BThe Sybolis of Hoetry#C

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-4?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poetry-archive.com/y/to_the_rose_upon_the_rood_of_time.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.bartleby.com/148/1.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/yeatssymbolismessay.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/yeatssymbolismessay.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-4?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poetry-archive.com/y/to_the_rose_upon_the_rood_of_time.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.bartleby.com/148/1.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/yeatssymbolismessay.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


19/56

s you read, consider the following study &uestions and writing propt> *ow is Geats7 approach to

Sybolis different fro that of 3audelaire, ibaud, and +allarNF

eading this essay, answering the &uestion above, and copleting the writing activity should ta!eappro'iately ( hours#

=.= 5allace tevens as an +erican y+>olist

eading> Hoe *unter> %allace Stevens7 BSunday +orningC and BThe +an on the $upCin!> Hoe *unter> %allace Stevens7 BSunday +orningC 5*T+ and BThe +an on the

$upC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead %allace Stevens7 poes, BSunday +orningC and BThe +an on the $up#C

%hat Sybolist eleents do you notice in these poesF

Studying these poes and copleting the writing activity above should ta!e appro'iately ( hours#

ecture> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture 19> %allace StevensC

in!> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture 19> %allace StevensC 5dobe .lash,uic!Tie, *T+, +pA

/nstructions> "iew Hrofessor *aer7s lecture on %allace Stevens# =ote any siilarities anddifferences between your own analysis of Stevens7 poes and the analysis provided by Hrofessor

*aer#

%atching this lecture, pausing to ta!e notes, and identifying siilarities in your analysis and Hrofessor

*aer7s analysis should ta!e appro'iately 1 hour and A0 inutes#

eading> University of Hennsylvania> %allace Stevens7 BThirteen %ays of oo!ing at a 3lac!birdC

in!> University of Hennsylvania> %allace Stevens7 BThirteen %ays of oo!ing at a3lac!birdC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead %allace Stevens7 poe, BThirteen %ays of oo!ing at a 3lac!bird#C

s you read, consider the following study &uestions> %hat is the sub4ect of the poeF %hat sybols

does Stevens useF *ow does this sybolis affect you as the readerF

eading this poe and answering the &uestions above should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

=.4 5!at &s &+agis+6

eading> University of Hennsylvania> $r# l .ilreis7 B/agisC

in!> University of Hennsylvania> $r# l .ilreis7 B/agisC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this brief te't for definitions and characteristics of .magism and .magists#

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/sunday-morning/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-man-on-the-dump/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-man-on-the-dump/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-19?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-19?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/stevens-13ways.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/stevens-13ways.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/imagism-def.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/sunday-morning/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-man-on-the-dump/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-man-on-the-dump/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-19?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/stevens-13ways.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/stevens-13ways.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/imagism-def.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


20/56

eading this te't should ta!e less than 1J inutes#

eading> %i!ipedia> B/agisC

in!> %i!ipedia> B/agisC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead B/agisC for an overview of the oveent as well as the publications and poets

associated with the oveent#

eading this article should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

ecture> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture 8> /agisCin!> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture 8> /agisC 5*T+

/nstructions> "iew this lecture, focusing on how Hrofessor *aer defines /agis and what he

identifies as the ost iportant characteristics of /agist poes#

%atching this lecture, pausing to ta!e notes, and copleting the writing activity should ta!eappro'iately 1 hour and A0 inutes#

=. EAra Pond)s Early E#peri+ents wit! y+>olis+ and &+agis+

eading> The Hoetry .oundation> B3iography of E2ra HoundCin!> The Hoetry .oundation> B3iography of E2ra HoundC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead this biographical essay on E2ra Hound# Ta!e notes on the te't as you read aboutHound7s various leadership positions with regard to the /agist and Sybolist oveents#

eading this essay should ta!e appro'iately ;J inutes#

eading> The Hoetry .oundation> E2ra Hound7s B .ew $on7ts by an /agisteCin!> The Hoetry .oundation> E2ra Hound7s B .ew $on7ts by an /agisteC 5*T+

ead Hound7s essay on what not to do as an /agist# s you read, consider the following study&uestions> *ow does Hound define /agisF *ow does he discuss the process of translating poetryF

eading this essay, answering the &uestions above, and copleting the writing activity should ta!e

appro'iately 1 hour#

eading> 3artleby> E2ra Hound7s B/n a Station of the +etroC and BThe iver+erchant7s %ife>

etterCin!> 3artleby> E2ra Hound7s B/n a Station of the +etroC 5*T+ and BThe iver+erchant7s %ife>

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagism?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-8?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/ezra-pound?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/ezra-pound?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/article/335?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.bartleby.com/104/106.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.bartleby.com/265/298.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagism?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-8?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/ezra-pound?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/article/335?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.bartleby.com/104/106.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.bartleby.com/265/298.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


21/56

etterC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead Hound7s poes, B/n a Station of the +etroC and BThe iver+erchant7s %ife>

etter#C

s you study these poes, consider the following &uestions and writing propt> %hat do these poes

e'press about the odern conditionF /n what ways does each poe7s for depart fro traditional poetic norsF %hat is the effect of introducing references to @hinese culture in the second poeF

Studying these poes, answering the &uestions above, and copleting the writing activity should ta!e


=.B 7.*.)s &+agist Poe+s

eading> University of Hennsylvania> *#$#7s BSea oseC

in!> University of Hennsylvania> *#$#7s BSea oseC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead *#$#7s poe, BSea ose#C s you read, consider the following study &uestions>%hat is the doinant iagery in this poeF $oes the poe allow you to for unabiguous iages in

your indF %hy, or why notF

eading this poe and answering the &uestions above should ta!e appro'iately A0 inutes#

eading> 3artleby> *#$#7s BreadC

in!> 3artleby> *#$#7s BreadC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead *#$#7s poe, Bread#C s you read, consider the following study &uestions> %hat isthe doinant iagery in this poeF $oes this poe allow you to for abiguous iages in your

indF %hy, or why notF

eading this poe and answering the &uestions above should ta!e appro'iately 1J inutes#

=.C +y Lowell)s &+agis+ and +ygis+

eading> +odern erican Hoetry> y owell7s Bn /agisC

in!> +odern erican Hoetry> y owell7s Bn /agisC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead owell7s essay, Bn /agis#C The ter 6m)gism was used by E2ra Hound in

resistance to owell7s theories on /agis#

s you read, consider the following study &uestions> *ow is ygis both siilar to yet different

fro /agisF %hy ight Hound ta!e issue with how y owell describes the ain concerns of

/agist poetsF @onsider how Hound7s B .ew $on7ts by an /agisteC copares to owell7s Bn/agis#C

http://www.bartleby.com/265/298.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/hd-sea-rose.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.bartleby.com/104/111.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/amylowell/imagism.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/amylowell/imagism.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.bartleby.com/265/298.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/hd-sea-rose.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.bartleby.com/104/111.html?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/g_l/amylowell/imagism.htm?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748


22/56

eading this essay and answering the &uestions above should ta!e appro'iately ;J inutes#

eading> erican Hoes> y owell7s BThe Dreen 3owlC and BHatternsC

in!> erican Hoes> y owell7s BThe Dreen 3owlC 5*T+ and BHatternsC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead owell7s poes, BThe Dreen 3owlC and BHatterns#C s you read, consider the

following study &uestion and writing propt> *ow do these poes ipleent or step away fro therules of /agist poets as indicated in the essay, Bn /agisCF

Studying these poes, answering the &uestion above, and copleting the writing activity should ta!e


=.8 Marianne Moore: !e Grand Pro+oter eading> %i!ipedia> B+arianne +ooreC

in!> %i!ipedia> B+arianne +ooreC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead the biography of +arianne +oore for an overview of her contribution to odernist

poetry#

eading this article should ta!e appro'iately 1J inutes#

eading> Hoe *unter> +arianne +oore7s B Drave,C Bn ctopus,C BSilence,C BThe .ish,C and BTheHaper =autilusC

in!> Hoe *unter> +arianne +oore7s B DraveC 5*T+, Bn

ctopusC 5*T+, BSilenceC 5*T+,BThe .ishC 5*T+, and BThe Haper =autilusC 5*T+

/nstructions> ead +oore7s poes> B Drave,C Bn ctopus,C BSilence,C and BThe Haper =autilus#C

=ote that +oore often used syllabics, the counting of syllables as a for of eter, rather than typical

etrical linesK a strong e'aple of the use of syllabics is BThe .ish#C

Studying these poes and copleting the writing activity should ta!e appro'iately A hours#

ecture> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture 1:> +arianne +ooreC and Becture

18> +arianne +oore 5cont#C

in!> Gale University> Hrofessor angdon *aer7s Becture 1:> +arianne +ooreC 5dobe .lash,uic!Tie, *T+, +pA and Becture 18> +arianne +oore 5cont#C 5dobe .lash, uic!Tie,

*T+, +pA

http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/amylowell/12259?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/amylowell/12367?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Moore?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/a-grave/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/an-octopus/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/an-octopus/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/silence/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-fish-6/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-paper-nautilus/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-17?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-310/lecture-18?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/amylowell/12259?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/amylowell/12367?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Moore?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl408/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/a-grave/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/an-octopus/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/an-octopus/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/silence/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-fish-6/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257638d16.1378158909747.1378158909747.1378158909747.1&__hssc=107423837.1.1378158909748http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-paper-nautilus/?__hstc=107423837.52b9bc489f441b92f15663c257

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