modelling soil greenhouse gas exchange of terrestrial ... · ecosystems and upscaling procedures...

KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

IMK-IFU Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Ralf Kiese, Christian Werner, Edwin Haas, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Youngsun Kim, Hojeong Kang

Modelling soil greenhouse gas exchange of terrestrial ecosystems and upscaling procedures

DFG/ KOSEF International Research Training Group Workshop TERRECOBayreuth April 11-14, 2010 [email protected]


60-70%

60-70%

Nitrification Denitrification

MethanogenesisCH4-Oxidation

Photosynthesis

Biosphere as sink and source for atmospheric GHGs

Respiration

CH4

CO2

N2O

Mineralisation

GWP 310

GWP 21

GWP 1

30%


anthropogenic

Land use change

Rice paddies, wetlands,

ruminants

arable, grassland- and

forest soils

biogenic

CO2

CH4

N2O


Integrated interdisciplinary research concept at IMK-IFU

Regionale Skale

Vegetation

Soil properties

Climate

GIS

process based model

Prozess-Skale

12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 320

20

40

60

80

100

N2O

-Em

issi

on ra

te [µ

g N

kg-1

SD

W d

-1]

Bellenden Ker Pin Gin Hill Kauri Creek

Temperature [°C]

T_OPT-T_MAXT_OPTtemp[l]-*T_A

T_A e * )T_OPT-T_MAXtemp[l]-T_MAX( [l] fact_temp =

W_DELTAW_CRITwater[l]-

e1

1-1 [l] fact_moist+

=

])nitr_akt[l -

n[l]n[l] KM_N

DOC[l]DOC[l] KM_DOC

_facttemp_moist(* MUEMAX t d

]nitr_akt[l d+

++

=

parameterisation

process scale

calibration/ testing

regional/ global scale

1 Jan 1 Mar 1 May 1 Jul 1 Sep 1 Nov

0

10

20

30

40

50

60 Simulation (daily) Simulation (monthly) Field observation (monthly)

1992

Guacimo, lowland rainforest, Costa Rica

N2O

Em

issi

on [g

N m

-2 m

onth

-1]

28 Jan 7 Feb 13 Nov 23 Nov 3 Dec 13 Dec0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Simulation Field observation

Kauri Creek, montane rainforest, Australia

2000

N2O

Em

issi

on [g

N h

a-1 d

ay-1]

1 Oct 1 Dec 1 Feb 1 Apr 1 Jun 1 Aug 1 Oct

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Simulation (daily) Simulation (monthly) Field observation (monthly)

1 Jan

1 Nov

1990 1991

La Selva, lowland rainforest, Costa Rica

N2O

Em

issi

on [g

N h

a-1 d

ay-1]

1 Nov 1 Jan 1 Mar 1 May 1 Jul 1 Sep0

10

20

30

40

50

Simulation Field observation

2002

Bellenden Ker, lowland rainforest, Australia

N2O

Em

issi

on [g

N h

a-1 d

ay-1]

plot scale



Model Framework: Mobile-DNDC



Scheme: Mobile-DNDC



forest- growth

PnET

PSIM

NO3

Input: Mobile-DNDC

daily:

Min-Max-Airtemperature

Precipitation

Global radiation

rel. Humidity

wind speed

Atmospheric CO2 conc.

N-Deposition

Number thickness of soillayers:

soil type e.g. scL, L , S

texture (sand, silt, clay in %)

bulk density

soil hydraulic conductivity

field capacity

wilting point

Total organic C

Total organic N

pH

depth of groundwater table

Layer specific:

root biomass

shoot biomass

leaf biomass

peak plant height

mean/ max rootingdepth

root profile

LAI

relative speciescomposition

growth parameters

leaf, wood, root C/N ratio

thinning

cutting

plantinghistory

fertilization

tilling

harvesting

irrigation



GUI: Mobile-DNDC



1 Oct 1 Nov 1 Dec 1 Jan 1 Feb 1 Mar 1 Apr 1 May 1 Jun 1 Jul 1 Aug0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

µg

N2O

-N m

-2 h

-1

Mobile-DNDC Forest Simulations


1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 20080

50

100

150

200

N 2O

Em

issio

n (µ

g N

m-2 h

-1)

Höglwald Spruce 1994-2008

25.03.2002 25.09.2002 25.03.2003 25.09.20030

2

4

6

8

10

N 2O E

miss

ion

g N

ha-1 d

ay-1

Hyytiälä 02-03

15.09.1998 15.03.1999 15.09.19990

5

10

15

20

N 2O E

miss

ion

g N

ha-1 d

ay-1

Manypeaks 05-06 Achenkirchen 1998-1999


N2O emissions NO emissions

0 5 10 15 20 25

0

5

10

15

20

25

f(x) = 0.73xn = 26R2 = 0.78P < 0.0001

Sim

ulat

ed av

erag

e dail

y NO

emiss

ion

(g N

ha-1 d

-1 )

Average daily NO emission as derived fromfield measurements (g N ha-1 d-1)

0 5 10 15 20

0

5

10

15

20

f(x) = 0.76xn = 45R2 = 0.68P < 0.0001

Sim

ulat

ed av

erag

e dail

y N2O

emiss

ion

(g N

ha-1 d

-1 )

Average daily N2O emission as derived fromfield measurements (g N ha-1 d-1)


Mobile-DNDC Forest Simulations


Long-term experiment at

Foulum Western-Denmark


Mobile-DNDC Arable Simulations

O2+CC

Date

Oct-07 Feb-08 Jun-08 -1

0

1

2MeasuredMOBILE

O2+CC

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

O4-CC

Daily

soi

l N2O

flux

es (g

N m

- 2 d

-1)

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

O4+CC

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

C4-CC

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

Oct-07 Feb-08 Jun-08

Measured

C4-CC

-1

0

1

2

O4-CC

Cum

ulat

ive

N 2O

em

issi

ons

(kg

N ha

-1)

-1

0

1

2

O4+CC

-1

0

1

2

SE of measured


Long-term experiment at

Foulum Western-Denmark



O2+CC

Oct-07 Feb-08 Jun-08 0

10

20

30

40

O4-CC

Soi

l wat

er c

onte

nt (%

)0

10

20

30

40

C4-CC

0

10

20

30

40

O4+CC

0

10

20

30

40

Date

Measured

O4-CC

Soi

l NH

4-N

(g N

m- 2

)

0

5

10

15

O4+CC

0

5

10

15

C4-CC

0

5

10

15

O2+CC


0

5

10

15Measured

O4-CC

Soi

l NO

3-N

(g N

m- 2

)

0

5

10

15

20

O4+CC

0

5

10

15

20

C4-CC

0

5

10

15

20

O2+CC


0

5

10

15

20

Date



Moulde 06-08

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

µg N

2O-N

m-2

h-1

N2O (sim)

N2O (meas)

Days

Paulinenaue 07-08

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

N2O-N

N2O (meas)

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

g N-

N2O

/ha/

day

N2O-N (sim) N2O (meas)

Days

78.4983.66

25.00

76.00

44.55

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

365 465 565 665 765 865 965 1065

µg N

2O-N

m-2

h-1

N2O …N2O …

Oensingen 02-08

Gebesee 06-08


g N

2O-N

ha-

1da

y-1


Regional NO and N2O emission inventory for

forest soils

Mobile-DNDC

Vegetation

Soil

AdministrativeUnits

Climate

2D Graph 1

X Data

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Y Data

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Y Axis

2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Temp NS

Nutzung DNDC-Klassifikation

Feldfrucht organischeWirtschaftsdünger

[m3 ha-1]

Anbaufläche[ha]

Summe [m3]

Ackerland winter wheat Winterweizen 10,0 167.379,7 1.673.796,66rye Roggen 15,0 72.631,5 1.089.472,08barley Wintergerste 15,0 130.761,6 1.961.424,15rape Winterraps 0,0 95.770,4 0,00barley Sommergerste 10,0 58.157,2 581.571,76oats Hafer 10,0 10.196,7 101.967,44corn Körnermais, Corn-

Cob-Mix, Silomais15,0 90.682,1 1.360.231,01

potatoes Kartoffeln früh,mittelfrühe und späte

15,0 13.103,5 196.552,61

beets Zuckerrüben,Runkelrüben

0,0 25.579,3 0,00

legume hay Klee, Kleegras,Luzerne, Futtererbsen

15,0 46.735,2 701.027,74

pasture Ackerwiese,Ackerweide

10,0 23.269,3 232.693,33

vegetables Gemüse, Erdbeerenund andereGartengewächse

0,0 5.533,6 0,00

Grünland grasland Grasland 10,0 73.120,1 731.200,61pasture Weide 10,0 66.655,0 666.549,64non-legume hay Wiese, Mähwiese 15,0 100.425,0 1.506.374,77

Summe 980.000,0 10.802.861,80


Mobile-DNDC Regional Application Approach

KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)14 | V. Name | Organisationseinheit | TT.MM.JJJJ

N2O Emission Arables Germany

fertilizer induced N2O emissions (%)


nitrate leaching study bavaria

% c

ontr

butio

n

Nitrate leaching under forests Germany



0-5 5-15

> 15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Proz

ent [

%]

Nitrataustrag [kg N ha-1 a-1]NO3 leaching [kg N ha-1 yr-1]

Mellert et al., 2005

nitrate leaching study bavaria

% c

ontr

butio

n

Nitrate leaching under forests Germany




N2O Emission inventory Europe

Change in N2O emission – 6.0 %

Climate change scenario 2070



0 200 400 600 800 10000.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

-34.6%

median Q1 Q3

samples per grid: 200 x 5realisations: n = 975631

N2O

em

issi

on [k

g N

ha-1

yr-1

]

sampled grid cells

+76.5%

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.00

25

50

75

100

125

frequ

ency

[103 s

imul

atio

ns]

N2O emission [kg N ha-1 yr-1]

0.9 - (1.3) – 2.4 Tg N yr-1

Global N2O emissions inventory tropical forests

KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)19 | V. Name | Organisationseinheit | TT.MM.JJJJ

Bayesian Calibration of parameters in soil chemistry sub modul


Mobile2D Model Structure:• ~ 5 regional input files (XML)

• ~15 regional output files/ database connection

• Parallelization for HPC / Multicore Workstations

• Pre / Postprocessing Tools

• Coupling to Regional Hydrologic Models

Current work: Mobile2D: Regional scale ecosystem model


http://www.cerfacs.fr/globc/PALM_WEB/EN/OVERVIEW/index.htmlModel coupling


Thank you for your attention


modelling soil greenhouse gas exchange of terrestrial ... · ecosystems and upscaling procedures...

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