modeling support for monitoring design using land use data to evaluate multiple-objective monitoring...
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Modeling Support Modeling Support for Monitoring Designfor Monitoring Design
Using Land Use Data to Evaluate Using Land Use Data to Evaluate Multiple-Objective Monitoring DesignsMultiple-Objective Monitoring Designs
John W. HuntJohn W. HuntUniversity of California, DavisUniversity of California, DavisDepartment of Environmental ToxicologyDepartment of Environmental ToxicologyMarine Pollution Studies Laboratory at Granite CanyonMarine Pollution Studies Laboratory at Granite Canyon
California’s Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program
Statewide Assessment Framework(Stressors)
SWAMPers:SWAMPers: Val Connor, Emilie Reyes, Karen Worcester, Val Connor, Emilie Reyes, Karen Worcester, Dave Paradies, Karen Taberski, Tom Suk, Rusty Dave Paradies, Karen Taberski, Tom Suk, Rusty Fairey, Max Puckett, Cassandra Lamerdin, Bev Fairey, Max Puckett, Cassandra Lamerdin, Bev van Buuren, Terry Flemming, Rainer Hoenickevan Buuren, Terry Flemming, Rainer Hoenicke
UC Davis:UC Davis: Brian Anderson, Bryn Phillips, Ron TjeerdemaBrian Anderson, Bryn Phillips, Ron Tjeerdema
UC Santa Cruz:UC Santa Cruz: Brent Haddad, Brian Fulfrost, Karen Holl, Carol Brent Haddad, Brian Fulfrost, Karen Holl, Carol Shennan, Russ FlegalShennan, Russ Flegal
Nutrients
PesticidesSediment
Pathogens
IndustrialMetals
UrbanGrazing
Fertilizer and Pesticide Applications
Poultry
Nutrients
PesticidesSediment
Pathogens
Hg Mines
IndustrialMetals
Complexity
Precipitation
Hydrology
Terrain
Soils
Vegetation
Land Cover
Land Management
California NPS Program Plan: California NPS Program Plan: 28 State Agencies28 State Agencies
State Water Resources Control Board9 Regional Water Quality Control Bds
CALFED Bay-Delta ProgramCalifornia Coastal CommissionSanta Monica Mountains
ConservancySF Bay Conservation and
Development CommissionState Coastal ConservancyState Lands CommissionCalifornia Integrated Waste
Management BoardUS Environmental Protection Agency
Region 9
California Departments of Boating and WaterwaysConservationFish and GameFood and AgricultureForestry and Fire ProtectionHealth ServicesParks and RecreationPesticide RegulationToxic Substances ControlTransportationWater Resources
Bond Fund Grantees
SWAMP
All of these agencies useAll of these agencies usewater quality information to make water quality information to make resource management decisions.resource management decisions.
Monitoring to meet multiple objectivesMonitoring to meet multiple objectives
Water Quality InformationWater Quality Information
DecisionDecision: What? Who? How? When?: What? Who? How? When?
Assessment questionsAssessment questions Ecological attributesEcological attributes Spatial and temporal scalesSpatial and temporal scales Indicators and benchmarksIndicators and benchmarks Data quality and level of uncertaintyData quality and level of uncertainty Monitoring objectivesMonitoring objectives Monitoring designsMonitoring designs Sampling plansSampling plans
Assessment Questions and Assessment Questions and Legal (Public) MandatesLegal (Public) Mandates
Beneficial use benchmarksBeneficial use benchmarks (CWA § 303[c]) (CWA § 303[c])
Standards attainmentStandards attainment (§ 305[b]) (§ 305[b])
Impaired water body listingImpaired water body listing (§ 303[d]) (§ 303[d])
Cause & source identificationCause & source identification (§ 303[d], 305[b]) (§ 303[d], 305[b])
Management implementationManagement implementation (§ 303, 314, 319) (§ 303, 314, 319)
Program effectivenessProgram effectiveness (§ 303, 305, 402, 314, 319) (§ 303, 305, 402, 314, 319)
Basin planning activitiesBasin planning activities (California Water Code) (California Water Code)
Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions
Status of waterwaysStatus of waterways (SWRCB) (SWRCB)
Trends over timeTrends over time (SWRCB) (SWRCB)
Causes of impairmentCauses of impairment (Reg Bds) (Reg Bds)
Sources of stressorsSources of stressors (Reg Bds) (Reg Bds)
Program evaluationProgram evaluation (All) (All)
Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions
Status of waterwaysStatus of waterways (statewide) (statewide)
Trends over timeTrends over time (statewide) (statewide)
Causes of impairmentCauses of impairment (local) (local)
Sources of stressorsSources of stressors (watershed) (watershed)
Program evaluationProgram evaluation (All) (All)
Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions
Status of waterwaysStatus of waterways (probabilistic) (probabilistic)
Trends over timeTrends over time (fixed site) (fixed site)
Causes of impairmentCauses of impairment (gradient) (gradient)
Sources of stressorsSources of stressors (tributary network) (tributary network)
Program evaluationProgram evaluation (All, over time) (All, over time)
Control (N+1)Focal (N)Mechanistic (N+1)
Hierarchies based on Process RatesHierarchies based on Process Rates
FastFast
SlowSlow
SmallSmall LargeLarge
TimeTime
SpaceSpace
OrganismOrganism
LandscapeLandscape
EcosystemEcosystem
CommunityCommunity
PopulationPopulation
SpeciesSpecies
Hierarchies based on Process RatesHierarchies based on Process Rates
FastFast
SlowSlow
SmallSmall LargeLarge
TimeTime
SpaceSpace
OrganismOrganism
LandscapeLandscape
EcosystemEcosystem
CommunityCommunity
PopulationPopulation
SpeciesSpecies
Flow of Inference
Hierarchies based on Process RatesHierarchies based on Process Rates
FastFast
SlowSlow
SmallSmall LargeLarge
TimeTime
SpaceSpace
FurrowFurrow
Hydrologic RegionHydrologic Region
WatershedWatershed
RiverRiver
TributaryTributary
StormdrainStormdrain
Flow of Inference
IntegrateIntegrate regional data into regional data into statewide assessmentsstatewide assessments
Status and TrendsStatus and Trends probabilistic sampling: probabilistic sampling:stratification, clustering, proportional, spatially balancedstratification, clustering, proportional, spatially balanced
Regional Cause and SourceRegional Cause and Source: gradients and networks : gradients and networks arrayed around probability sites from statewide designarrayed around probability sites from statewide design
Design criteriaDesign criteria for regional assessments? for regional assessments?
AggregateAggregateUpUp
Testing Candidate Designs against Testing Candidate Designs against Expected Values from ModelsExpected Values from Models
Testing Candidate Designs against Testing Candidate Designs against Expected Values from ModelsExpected Values from Models
EPA BASINSEPA BASINS software system software system
SWATSWAT:: predicts pollutant yields from land usepredicts pollutant yields from land use
WinHSPFWinHSPF:: water concentrations from NPS loadingswater concentrations from NPS loadings
PLOADPLOAD:: annual average NPS loads per chemicalannual average NPS loads per chemical
QUAL2EQUAL2E:: pollutant transport within stream channels.pollutant transport within stream channels.
Testing Candidate Designs against Testing Candidate Designs against Expected Values from ModelsExpected Values from Models
EPA BASINSEPA BASINS software system software system
SWATSWAT:: predicts pollutant yields from land usepredicts pollutant yields from land use
WinHSPFWinHSPF:: water concentrations from NPS loadingswater concentrations from NPS loadings
PLOADPLOAD:: annual average NPS loads per chemicalannual average NPS loads per chemical
QUAL2EQUAL2E:: pollutant transport within stream channels.pollutant transport within stream channels.
GeoreferencedGeoreferenced CalibrationCalibration ValidationValidation
Target StressorsTarget Stressors CopperCopper in streambed sediment in streambed sediment ChlordanesChlordanes in streambed sediment in streambed sediment NitrateNitrate in stream water in stream water DiazinonDiazinon in water and sediment in water and sediment
Target StressorsTarget Stressors CopperCopper in streambed sediment in streambed sediment ChlordanesChlordanes in streambed sediment in streambed sediment NitrateNitrate in stream water in stream water DiazinonDiazinon in water and sediment in water and sediment
frequently on 303[d] lists throughout the frequently on 303[d] lists throughout the state;state; commonly measured in monitoring programs;commonly measured in monitoring programs; range of physico-chemical properties; range of physico-chemical properties; multiple source activities;multiple source activities; previous water quality modeling studies.previous water quality modeling studies.
Fill the Reach File 3 stream segments with expected stressor concentrations.
Fill the Reach File 3 stream segments with expected stressor concentrations.
Virtual sampling:Apply iterations of monitoring designs
m
Fill the Reach File 3 stream segments with expected stressor concentrations.
Virtual sampling:Apply iterations of monitoring designs
m
Fill the Reach File 3 stream segments with expected stressor concentrations.
Virtual sampling:Apply iterations of monitoring designs
m
Monitoring Design EvaluationMonitoring Design Evaluation
Compare known impairment (model derived) with Compare known impairment (model derived) with observed impairment (from virtual sampling):observed impairment (from virtual sampling):
What proportion of “known” standards What proportion of “known” standards exceedences were observed?exceedences were observed?
What proportion of “known” tributary pathways What proportion of “known” tributary pathways were discovered?were discovered?
Intended Benefits of this ApproachIntended Benefits of this Approach
Process to consolidate disparate types of data: Process to consolidate disparate types of data: land use layers with water quality measurements; land use layers with water quality measurements;
Maps to target future monitoring; Maps to target future monitoring;
Evaluation of potential monitoring designs.Evaluation of potential monitoring designs.
Pilot Study
Land Use:Pesticide Application
Water Quality:In-stream pesticides and toxicity
Central Coast
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
10 100 1000 10000
Log Chlorpyrifos plus Diazinon Applied (kg)
Log
OP
s in
Wat
er (
ug/L
) SA
Land Use and Water Chemistry
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Diazinon + Chlorpyrifos Applied (lbs)
C.
Du
bia
S
urv
ival
Land Use and Water Toxicity
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0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Organophosphate Pesticides Applied (lbs)
Hya
lell
a S
urv
ival
Land Use and Sediment Toxicity
