modals intro and songs
DESCRIPTION
Thank you Meghan Balderston and Melanie Witt for most of this content!TRANSCRIPT
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Moving past the passive…onto the last grammar point!
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Do you know Diann? Well, I just walked by her classroom and she wasn’t there.
Where is she?
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Possibilities
She could be…She might be…She may be…
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What the heck?
You go to your friend’s house, and you see a brown paper bag on the table. After a minute, it starts to move.
You hear a ‘meow’ sound coming from the bag.
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Certain Conclusion
It has to be…It must be…
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What are these called?
May Should MustMight Ought to Have toCan Had betterCould
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MODALS
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Can = Ability
A person who can speak 2 languages=
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Can = Ability
A person who can speak 2 languages=
Bilingual (bi = 2)
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A person who can speak 3 languages=
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A person who can speak 3 languages=
Trilingual (tri = 3)
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A person who can speak one language=
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A person who can speak one language=
American!
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Modals
Made by Melanie WittAdapted by Jessica Montgomerie
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All Modals
S + modal + base form of verb
He might study tonight.She has to go.
I could speak when I was 12 months old.
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Modals of Possibility
• Use to express possibility about the present or future
• May & Might have almost the same meaning
We may go to the movies.We might go to the movies.We could go to the movies.
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May, Might, Could
100% certain
maymightcouldmight notmay not
0% certain
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Should, Ought To, Had Better
• Used to give advice
You should do your homework before class.
You ought to check your tire pressure.
You had better call me when you get home.
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Necessity; It’s a Rule
Must, Have to, Have got to
100% Must / Must not
Have to, Have got to
necessary
Don’t have to 0%
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Must not – It is prohibited
You must not disobey the law.You must not talk in court.
Don’t have to – It is not necessary. You have a choice.
I don’t have to do homework tonight, yay!You don’t have to cook dinner. We are going out.
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Modals Affirmative – S + Modal + Verb
We should take a vacation.
Negative – S + Modal + Not + Verb You can’t do that!
Yes/No Question –Modal + S + VerbCan they ski?
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Modals Short Answer – Yes/No + S + Modal
Yes, they can.No, they can’t.
Information Question – WHQ + Modal + S + Verb What should I do?When must you arrive?
Subject Question – Who + Modal + Verb Who has to attend? Who might attend?
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What is possible or necessary in your country?
- In your country, can citizens make jokes about the president?
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1. Ask your partner questions about his/her country. Use modals in your questions.
2. Make statements based on your partner’s answers
Make sure you use – Must must not - Have to– Could could not - Don’t have to– Can cannot
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Homework
1. Write an affirmative, negative, and question for the following modal functions:
Possibility – 3 Necessity – 3 Advice – 3
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Bob DylanBlowin’ in the Wind
A protest song - Peace, war, freedom
Listen to song and fill in the blanks
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Bob Dylan Blowin' In The Wind
How many roads _____________ a man walk downBefore you call him a man?How many seas must a __________ dove sailBefore she sleeps in the sand?Yes, 'n' how many times ______________ the cannon balls flyBefore they're forever banned?The answer, my ___________, is blowin' in the wind,The answer is blowin' in the wind.
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Yes, 'n' how many years can a mountain existBefore it's washed to the sea?Yes, 'n' how many years ___________ some people existBefore they're allowed to be free?Yes, 'n' how ____________ times can a man turn his head,And pretend that he just doesn't __________?The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind,The answer is blowin' in the wind.
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Yes, 'n' how many __________must a man look upBefore he can see the sky?Yes, 'n' how many ears ____________ one man haveBefore he can hear people cry?Yes, 'n' how many __________ will it take till he knowsThat too many people have died?The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind,The answer is blowin' in the wind.
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How many roads must a man walk down?
Necessity- Must- Have to - Have got to
How many years can a mountain exist?
Ability- Can - Could
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Modals in the Past
I should have gone to bed earlier last nightbecause I am tired.
S + Modal + Have + Past ParticipleI + should + have + gone
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Past Possibility
What happened?
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Past Possibility
May, Might, Could
The fisherman may have been lucky.
He might have caught the fish by himself.
He could have had help from his friends.
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Past Probability
Must have + Past Participle
– To make statements that are deductions or logical conclusions
The fisherman must have caught the fish.
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Past Regret
• Should have + Past Participle• Shouldn’t have + Past Participle• Ought to have + Past Participle
You shouldn’t have done that!
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Uh-oh! I spent all my money!
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• I should have saved my money. (regret)• I shouldn’t have gone shopping every
week. (regret)• I ought to have been more careful with
my money. (regret)• I could have waited until next month to
buy that jacket. (possibility)
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Homework
Write about a mistake that you regret. What should you have done instead? Write a paragraph of 10 sentences.
Use each of these at least once with the past perfect: “could,” “should,” “shouldn’t,” and “ought to.”