mobile information tbu

Mc Lc

Mc Lc ............................................................................................................ 1

M u: ............................................................................................................. 1

Chng 1.TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG .............. 2

1.1. GII THIU CHUNG V H THNG GSM. ................................... 2

1.2. CU TRC H THNG CHUYN MCH (SS). ............................. 4

1.2.1. MSC ( Mobile Switching Center). ................................................... 4

1.2.2. HLR(Home Location Register). ........................................................ 5

1.2.3.VLR(Visitor Location Register). ....................................................... 5

1.2.4. AUC (Authencation Center) v EIR (Equipment Indification

Register). ..................................................................................................... 5

1.3. H THNG CON V TUYN. .......................................................... 6

1.3.1. BSC. .................................................................................................. 6

1.3.2. BTS. .................................................................................................. 6

1.3.3. H thng chuyn m v chuyn i tc TRAU. ...................... 7

1.4. H THNG OSS.................................................................................. 7

Chng 2.TNG QUAN V TRM BTS CA VIETTEL ............................ 8

2.1. TNG QUAN CA MT TRM BTS. ............................................. 8

2.1.1. T ngun AC. .................................................................................... 8

2.1.2. T ngun DC. .................................................................................... 8

2.1.3. Cc thit b bn trong trm BTS. ...................................................... 9

2.1.4. Cc khi phn cng ca t BTS. ..................................................... 13

2.1.4.1. . DRU(Double Radio Unit)..14

2.1.4.2. DXU(Distribution Switch Unit) - Khi chuyn mch v phn

phi. ...................................................................................... 17

2.1.4.3. .. Khi iu khin qut FCU20

2.1.4.4. ... Khi phn phi ngun ni b IDM..20

2.1.4.5. .. Khi cp ngun PSU.21

2.1.4.6. Card ACCU/DCCU (AC Connection Unit / DC Connection

Unit) - Khi kt ni AC/DC...23

2.1.4.7. Y Link.25

2.1.4.8. DC filter -B lc ngun DC25

2.1.4.9. .. c im k thut ca t RBS 220626

2.1.4.10. Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS29

Chng 3. VN HNH, QUN L V GIM ST H THNG TRM

BTS CA VIETTEL. ...................................................................................... 32

3.1. KHO ST V PHN TCH H THNG GIM ST. ................. 32

3.1.1. Hin trng nh trm hin nay v nhu cu xy dng h thng gim

st tp trung. .............................................................................................. 32

3.1.2.Yu cu ca h thng gim st. ........................................................ 33

3.2. GII PHP PHN CNG. ................................................................ 34

3.2.1. Gii php. ........................................................................................ 34

3.2.2. Thit b BTS Monitoring System. ................................................... 35

3.2.3. Giao tip gia BMS v Server. ....................................................... 40

3.3. PHN TCH YU CU H THNG. ............................................... 44

3.3.1.Yu cu chc nng ca h thng:..................................................... 44

3.3.2.Yu cu phi chc nng. .................................................................... 47

3.4. CC BIU PHN TCH. ............................................................ 48

3.4.1. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun l cu hnh. ........................... 49

3.4.2. Biu ca s dng cho Modul theo di gim st thit b. .............. 51

3.4.3. Biu ca s dng cho Module iu khin thit b. ....................... 52

3.4.4. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun l lu tr. .............................. 54

3.4.5. Biu ca s dng cho module thng k bo co. ......................... 54

3.4.6. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun tr h thng. ........................... 56

3.5. C T MT S CA S DNG CHNH. ...................................... 58

3.5.1. ng nhp. ...................................................................................... 58

3.5.2. Theo di gim st thit b nh trm. ................................................ 60

3.5.3. iu khin thit b. .......................................................................... 62

3.6. THIT K H THNG. ..................................................................... 65

3.6.1. M hnh thit k h thng. .............................................................. 65

3.6.2. Kin trc h thng. .......................................................................... 66

3.6.2.1. Tng d liu(Data layer)66

3.6.2.2. .. Tng ng dng(Application Layer)..66

3.6.2.3. .. Tng giao din(Presetation Layer )..67

3.6.3. Thit k c s d liu68

3.6.3.1. S quan h thc th (Entity Relationship Diagram)68

3.6.3.2. .. Thit k cc bng trong CSDL.69

3.7. XY DNG V CI T................................................................ 74

3.7.1. Mi trng v cng c pht trin. ................................................... 74

3.7.1.1. . Tng quan v ngn ng lp trnh JAVA74

3.7.1.2. . Lp trnh Socket76

3.7.1.3. . H qun tr c s d liu Oracle.78

3.7.2. La chn ngn ng lp trnh v h qun tr c s d liu. .............. 78

3.7.3. Kt qu chng trnh. ...................................................................... 79

3.7.3.1. .. Cc thnh phn ca chng trnh..79

3.7.3.2.Kt qu.82

3.8. NG CU THNG TIN BTS. .......................................................... 88

Kt lun ........................................................................................................... 98

Ti liu tham kho. .......................................................................................... 99

Danh mc hnh v

Hnh 1.1. Bng tn GSM ca cc nh mng ..................................................... 3

Hnh 1.2. Cu trc mng thng tin di ng GSM ............................................. 3

Hnh 1.3. Cu trc h thng thng tin GSM ..................................................... 4

Hnh 2.1. T chuyn ngun ATS .................................................................... 10

Hnh 2.2. u o nhit phng my ................................................................. 12

Hnh 2.3. u bo khi v u bo nhit gia tng .......................................... 12

Hnh 2.4. Cm bin ca m v cm bin knh v ........................................... 13

Hnh 2.5. Qut thng gi ................................................................................. 13

Hnh 2.6. Cc khi phn cng ca t RBS ..................................................... 14

Hnh 2.7. Card DRU ........................................................................................ 14

Hnh 2.8. S khi DRU .............................................................................. 16

Hnh 2.9. Card DXU ........................................................................................ 18

Hnh 2.10. Card FCU....................................................................................... 20

Hnh 2.11. Card IDM....................................................................................... 21

Hnh 2.12. Card PSU-DC ................................................................................ 22

Hnh 2.13. PSU-AC ........................................................................................ 23

Hnh 2.14. Card ACCU ................................................................................... 24

Hnh 2.15. Card DCCU ................................................................................... 24

Hnh 2.16. B lc DC ...................................................................................... 25

Hnh 2.18. Khi CDU-G v CDU-F ................................................................ 27

Hnh 2.19. Khi CXU ...................................................................................... 28

Hnh 2.20. Cu trc khung PCM trn giao din Abis ...................................... 30

Hnh 3.1. BTS Monitoring System -Thit b gim st iu khin h thng trang

thit b ti mi nh trm ................................................................................... 35

Hnh 3.2. M rng cc cng I/O ca PLC bng cch lp thm modul ni tip

nhau ................................................................................................................. 36

Hnh 3.3. M hnh kt ni thit b ca PLC .................................................... 36

Hnh 3.4. Cng DI ........................................................................................... 37

Hnh 3.5. u song song cc sensor c u ra tip im thng m .............. 37

Hnh 3.6. u ni tip cc sensor c u ra tip im thng ng ............... 38

Hinh 3.7. c tuyn chuyn i tuyn tnh ..................................................... 39

Hnh 3.8. Gi in p Vdk n iu khin thit b .......................................... 40

Hnh 3.9. Cc lung thng tin gia PLC v SERVER .................................... 41

Hnh 3.10. S khung cnh ton b h thng gim st ,iu khin t xa nh

trm .................................................................................................................. 48

Hnh 3.11. Biu phn r chc nng h thng ............................................. 49

Hnh 3.12. Biu usecase chc nng qun l cu hnh ................................ 49

Hnh 3.13. Biu usecase chc nng theo di gim st thit b ................... 51

Hnh 3.14. Biu usecase chc nng iu khin thit b .............................. 52

Hnh 3.15. Biu usecase chc nng qun l lu tr ................................... 54

Hnh 3.16. Biu usecase chc nng thng k bo co ................................ 55

Hnh 3.17. Biu usecase chc nng qun tr h thng ................................ 56

Hnh 3.18. Biu tun t qu trnh ng nhp h thng ............................... 58

Hnh 3.19. Biu tun t theo di gim st thit b nh trm ....................... 60

Hnh 3.20. Biu tun t qu trnh iu khin thit b nh trm .................. 62

Hnh 3.21. M hnh thit k h thng .............................................................. 65

Hnh 3.22. S thc th h thng gim st nh trm BTS ........................... 68

Hnh 3.23. c t bng d liu USERS .......................................................... 69

Hnh 3.24. c t bng d liu STATION ...................................................... 70

Hnh 3.25. c t bng d liu ROLE ............................................................ 70

Hnh 3.26. c t bng d liu DEVICE_TYPE ............................................ 71

Hnh 3.27. c t bng d liu DEVICES ...................................................... 71

Hnh 3.28. c t bng d liu PARAMETER ............................................... 72

Hnh 3.29. c t bng d liu STATION_DEVICE ..................................... 72

Hnh 3.30. c t bng d liu LOG_EVENT ................................................ 73

Hnh 3.31. c t bng d liu ALARM ........................................................ 74

Hnh 3.32. Application Services ...................................................................... 80

Hnh 3.33. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm -La chn trm m

phng ............................................................................................................... 80

Hnh 3.34. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm -Thit lp IP v

cng kt ni ti my ch ................................................................................. 81

Hnh 3.35. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm M phng thit b

ti trm ............................................................................................................. 81

Hnh 3.36. Mn hnh ng nhp h thng ....................................................... 82

Hnh 3.37. Giao din chng trnh ngi dng sau khi ng nhp ................. 83

Hnh 3.38. Hin th trng thi kt ni,trng thi thit b .................................. 83

Hnh 3.39. Nh trm BTS:gi cnh bo chy .................................................. 84

Hnh 3.40. Mn hnh hin th cnh bo chy cho ngi qun l ..................... 84

Hnh 3.41. Tnh trng trm hin ti ................................................................. 85

Hnh 3.42. Nh trm nhn thng tin iu khin .............................................. 86

Hnh 3.43. Trng thi cc thit b sau khi iu khin ..................................... 87

Danh mc cc t vit tt:

BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BMS: BTS Monitoring System

PLC: Programmable Logic Controller

ATS: Automaitc Transfer Switch

TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol /Internet Protocol

DI: Digital Input

DO: Digital Output

AI: Analog Input

NO: Normal Open

NC: Normal Close

CSDL: C s d liu

PK: Primary Key MSC: Mobile Switching Center

HLR: Home Location Register

VLR: Visitor Location Register

AUC: Authencation Center

EIR: Equipment Indification Register

DRU: Double Radio Unit

DXU: Dtibution Switch Unit

IDM: Internal Distribution Module

dTRU: double Transceiver Unit

CXU: Configuration Switch Unit

CDU: Combiner and Distribution Unit

ACCU/DCCU: AC/DC Connection Unit

FCU: Fan Control Unit

PSU: Power Supply Unit

TMA: Tower Mounted Amplifier

ASU: Antena Sharing Unit

CTT: ng cu thng tin

1

M u:

Trong xu th cnh tranh ngy cng mnh ca nn kinh t m ca trong

tt c cc lnh vc c bit trong ngnh kinh doanh dch v, cht lng phc

v v gi c dch v cung cp cho khch hng c t ln hng u. Ngnh

dch v vin thng l ngnh kinh doanh c t lu, c mt h thng c s

h tng, h thng thit b cung cp dch v c lp t trn mt a bn rng.

Do ngy cng phi xy dng thm cc nh trm, u t thm cc h thng

thit b cng ngh mi cung cp cc dch v vin thng theo nhu cu pht

trin ca th trng nn tr gi ti sn u t ngy cng cao. nng cao cht

lng dch v v gim ti a chi ph qun l, tng cng vic kim sot an

ninh i vi cc nh trm thit b, cn phi c mt gii php gim st qun l

nh trm tp trung t xa, t ng ho ton b hot ng ca cc thit b ph

tr tng tui th cc thit b chnh, gim bt nhn t con ngi trng coi

qua gim bt rt nhiu chi ph qun l v tn dng c ngun nhn lc

phc v cc nhu cu khc. Xut pht t thc tin , em xin chn ti

:Vn hnh, qun l, gim st h thng BTS Viettel Hi Phng lm

n tt nghip. Mc tiu ca n: Tm hiu h thng trang thit b ti nh trm

thu pht sng di ng BTS a ra gii php gim st v iu khin t xa

cc thit b ti nh trm. T xy dng h thng phn mm gim st v iu

khin tp trung cho cc trm thu pht sng di ng BTS. hon thnh n

ny em xin chn thnh cm n s gip v ch dy tn tnh ca c Nguyn

Th Hng gio vin hng dn ti ny, anh T Vn Dng l cu sinh vin

ca trng i Hc Dn Lp Hi Phng hin ang cng tc ti trm BTS

Viettel Tin Lng v ton th phng ban k thut Viettel chi nhnh Tin Lng

Hi Phng.

Hi Phng, ngy 12 thng 4 nm 2013

Sinh vin thc hin

Nguyn Tin Hip

2

CHNG 1.

TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG

1.1. GII THIU CHUNG V H THNG GSM.

H thng thng tin di ng GSM 900, GSM 1800 l h thng thng tin

di ng dng bng tn xung quanh bng tn 900MHz (890 - 960MHz) v

1800 MHz (1710 - 1880) c chia thnh hai dy tn:

- Dy tn t 890 - 915MHz v 1710 - 1785MHz dng cho ng

ln t MS n BTS (Uplink).

- Dy tn t 935 - 960MHz v 1805 - 1880MHz dng cho ng

xung t BTS n MS (Downlink).

Khong cch gia cc sng mang trong h thng GSM l 200KHz m

h thng GSM c 2 bng tn rng 25MHz bao gm 25MHz /200=125 knh.

Trong knh 0 l dy bo v cn cc knh 1- 124 c gi l cc knh tn

s v tuyn tuyt i.

H thng GSM 1800 c rng 75MHz bao gm 75MHz /200=375

knh. Trong knh 0 l dy bo v cn cc knh 1- 374 c gi l cc

knh tn s v tuyn tuyt i.

Vit Nam bng tn GSM 900 v GSM 1800 c cp cho cc nh

khai thc vi s phn chia nh sau:

3

Nh khai thc Uplink ( Mhz) Downlink ( Mhz)

Vinaphone 890.4 898.4, 1710.1 1723.5

935.4 943.4, 1805.1 1818.5

Mobiphone 906.4 914.4, 1723.5

1736.7

951.4 959.4, 1818.5

1831.7

Viettel 898.4 906.4, 1736.7

1749.9

943.4 951.4, 1831.7

1844.9

Vietnammobile 837 875 882 - 890

Hnh 1.1. Bng tn GSM ca cc nh mng

Hnh 1.2. Cu trc mng thng tin di ng GSM.

4

Nhn vo hnh v ta c th thy chc nng ca BTS l truyn v nhn

tn hiu v tuyn, m ho v gii m thng tin trao i vi thit b iu khin

trm gc (BSC).

1.2. CU TRC H THNG CHUYN MCH (SS).

Hnh 1.3. Cu trc h thng thng tin GSM.

1.2.1. MSC ( Mobile Switching Center).

MSC (Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng ) chu trch nhim v

vic thit lp s kt ni cc knh lu thng.

- Ti trm gc BSS.

- Ti h thng chuyn mch di ng MSC khc.

- Ti nhng mng chuyn mch khc (PSDN,PSTN...).

MSC cn thc hin chc nng qun l nhng vng nh v, x l nhng

dch v c s, dch v b sung, thc hin qu trnh tnh cc.

5

1.2.2. HLR(Home Location Register).

HLR (B nh v thng tr) qun l ton b d liu thu bao ca vng

ph sng ca mng. HLR l mt c s d liu ni m nhng thu bao di ng

c to ra, c tch ra, c cm hoc c xo i bi ngi iu hnh.

1.2.3. VLR(Visitor Location Register).

Trong thi gian MS cp nht v tr, d liu thu bao c chuyn t

HLR ti VLR hin ti. D liu ny c lu tr trong VLR trong sut thi

gian m MS di chuyn trong vng ny. VLR s cung cp d liu cho thu bao

bt k lc no n cn cho vic x l mt cuc gi. Nu mt thu bao di ng

di chuyn n vng phc v VLR khc th mt cp nht v tr xy ra ln na.

VLR mi yu cu d liu thu bao t HLR chu trch nhim v thu bao di

ng .

1.2.4. AUC (Authencation Center) v EIR (Equipment Indification

Register).

Mt thu bao mun truy cp mng,VLR s kim tra Sim Card ca n

c c chp nhn khng, ngha l n thc hin s nhn thc. VLR s dng

nhng thng s nhn thc c gi l nhng b ba, n c to ra mt cch

lin tc v ring bit cho mi thu bao di ng c cung cp bi trung tm

nhn thc AUC. AUC c kt hp vi HLR.

EIR kim tra tnh hp l ca thu bao da trn yu cu c tnh thit b

di ng quc t IMEI t MS sau gi n ti b phn ghi nhn dng thit b

EIR. Trong EIR, IMEI ca ton b thit b di ng c s dng th phi

phn chia thnh ba danh sch:

- Danh sch mu trng: cha thit b di ng c chp nhn.

- Danh sch mu xm: cha thit b di ng c theo di.

- Danh sch mu en: cha thit b di ng khng c chp

nhn.

6

EIR kim tra IMEI c thch hp vo mt trong ba danh sch ny hay

khng v chuyn kt qu ti MSC.

1.3. H THNG CON V TUYN.

H thng con v tuyn bao gm:

- Thit b di ng MS.

- Thit b trm gc BSS.

H thng trm gc BSS bao gm:

- Trm thu pht gc BTS.

- B iu khin trm gc BSC.

- B chuyn m v chuyn i tc TRAU.

1.3.1. BSC.

B iu khin trm gc BSC cung cp nhng chc nng thng minh

iu khin mi hot ng ca h thng trm gc (BSS). Mt BSC c th iu

khin nhiu BTS. N phn phi s kt ni cc knh lu lng (Traffic

Channel) t h thng chuyn mch ti cc Cell v tuyn BTS, ngoi ra n cn

thc hin chuyn giao cng vi MSC.

1.3.2. BTS.

BTS c thit lp ti tm ca mi t bo, n thng tin n cc MS

thng qua giao din v tuyn Um, ngha l n cung cp nhng kt ni v

tuyn gia MS v BTS. BTS c xc nh bng cc thng s m t nh kh

nng truyn dn, tn ca Cell, bng tn v tuyn

7

1.3.3. H thng chuyn m v chuyn i tc TRAU.

TRAU gm 2 chc nng:

- Thc hin vic chuyn i lung d liu 64kb/s (ting ni, d

liu) t MSC thnh lung d liu c tc tng i thp tng

ng vi giao din v tuyn 16kb/s.

- Thc hin qu trnh tch ghp lung.

1.4. H THNG OSS.

Tt c mi s hot ng, s kim tra v s bo tr cho tt c nhng

thnh phn mng SS, BSS (BSC, BTS, TRAU) c th thc hin trung tm

OMS, gi l trung tm vn hnh v bo dng.

H thng OMS bao gm mt hoc nhiu OMC (OMC- R, OMC- S).

OMC c lin kt vi nhng phn t SS v BSS thng qua mt mng d

liu gi X25.

8

CHNG 2.

TNG QUAN V TRM BTS CA VIETTEL

2.1. TNG QUAN CA MT TRM BTS.

2.1.1. T ngun AC.

T ngun AC c chc nng chnh l nhn in t in li hoc t my

pht in (trong trng hp mt in) cp ngun xoay chiu cho: n v cng

tc, my iu ho t ngun, t ngun DC

T ngun AC ny c nhng u im sau: tch hp b ct in p cao,

t ng chuyn i gia in my n v in li, b lm tr khi s dng

in my n

2.1.2. T ngun DC.

T ngun DC c chc nng nhn in p AC t t ngun AC, sau

chnh lu v n p cp ngun DC(- 48V) cho cc thit b vin thng khc

trong trm (t BTS, cc thit b truyn dn). Thit k ca t ny gm c: T

, c quy, MCU, Rectifier.

- T: c cc hc cm Rectifier, MCU, v cc ngn cha c

quy (mi ngn cha c 4 c quy, mi c quy 12V).

- Rectifier: l mt modul nhn in p xoay chiu t t, chnh lu

v n p thnh mt chiu.

- MCU l mt module iu khin hot ng ca t, khi mt in

chuyn sang dng ngun acquy, a ra cnh bo khi hng

rectifer, mt in v cn ngun. Thng thng trong mt t

ngun DC c t nht 2 Rectifer nhm d phng khi hng mt

Rectifer (s lng rectifer ph thuc vo ti mnh dng, mi

rectifer chu dng ti a khong 30A). Khi mt in t ngun

DC a ra cnh bo mt in, tn hiu ny cung cp cho t BTS,

9

t BTS s a v trung tm iu khin nh vy m h bit trm

no ang mt in trin khai my pht in. Trong thi gian

mt in, t ngun DC s dng in t ngun c quy, khi in

ca c quy gim xung mc quy nh th cnh bo cn ngun

c a v trung tm k thut. Nu lc ny khng trin khai

my pht in th c quy cn v trm s khng hot ng (cht

trm).

2.1.3. Cc thit b bn trong trm BTS.

- T BTS (ph thuc vo nh cung cp, cng ngh s dng).

- T Rectifier (thng i km vi nh cung cp t BTS): c bn

hiu l chuyn AC->DC (vi cc gi tr mong mun).

- H thng Batteries (cng thng i km vi nh cung cp t): c

bn hiu l cung cp in cho t BTS hot ng khi cp in

li AC.

- H thng my lnh: m bo nhit hot ng ca cc thit b

in t.

- H thng bo v chng st v ni t: chc nng nh tn gi.

- H thng n tng v n khn cp ( hot ng khi cp in

li gip k s thao tc ).

- H thng bo chy v h thng bnh cha chy.

- H thng t phn phi in.

- Thp antenna: bc x trng in t ( kch thc loi ph thuc

vo nh cung cp, cng ngh ang s dng ).

- H thng feeder: truyn sng t t BTS ln antena pht sng.

- H thng DDF: thng gi l rack DDF dng lp cc thit b

truyn dn.

10

Ngoi nhng thit b phc v cho cng vic gi thng tin lin lc gia

cc nh cung cp dch v v thit b di ng, nh trm cn c nhiu thit b

ph tr khc m bo nh trm c th hot ng mt cch hiu qu nht.

Sau y l cc thit b phc v cho vic gim st nh trm c th l nh trm

BTS ca Viettel Tin Lng, Hi Phng bao gm:

- Thit b gim st hnh nh lu tr li cc thng tin cn

thit, phc v cho cng vic kim tra, theo di qu trnh lm vic

ca nh trm.

- Thit b qun l vo ra: iu khin vic ng m ca trm .

- T chuyn ngun ATS (Automatic Transfer Swich): l

mt thit b quan trng trong nh trm.

Hnh 2.1. T chuyn ngun ATS.

T chuyn ngun ATS c cc chc nng sau:

11

Gim st ngun in: T khi ng my n khi mt in

li v t ng ngt my n khi c in li tr li.

C kh nng ci t thi gian tr ng in my n k t

khi my n bt u hot ng, hoc thi gian ng in li t khi

c in li tr li.

Chng dao ng in: Khi ngun in n nh, h thng s

ngt in n ti bo v ti. Khi ngun in n nh tr li sau

mt khong thi gian nht nh th mi ng in n ti.

Chc nng bo v: H thng c chc nng chng qu /thp

p, mt pha in li: khi mng in li b mt mt trong ba pha,

hoc khi mng in li ba pha xy ra hin tng tng p hoc thp

p vt ra ngoi di t, th h thng t ng ngt ti ra khi

mng in li v khi ng my pht in cp in cho ti. Khi

mng in li thc s n nh sau khong thi gian t trc tu

(t 1 n 10 pht) th h thng s t ng tt my pht in v ng

in li n ti.

Chc nng cnh bo: cnh bo ti ch v truyn tn hiu

cnh bo v trung tm i vi cc s kin.

Cc thng s hot ng cho h thng c ci t d dng.

Khi c tch hp vo h thng gim st iu khin t xa, h thng

ATS v cc mch iu khin my n ngoi kh nng vn hnh t ng c

lp (ch auto), cn phi c thm vn hnh t xa (ch remote) v ch

nhn cng hon ton (ch manual), c nh vy h thng mi c kh nng

d phng cao gim thiu ri ro ti a cao.

- H thng n chiu sng v thit b iu khin n chiu sng.

- iu ho : m bo nhit trong nh trm lun n nh gip

cho cc thit b trong nh trm hot ng hiu qu hn. iu

12

khin iu ho cn s dng mt thit b iu khin c chc nng

sau:

Pht hin trng thi bt tt iu ho.

C kh nng ci t nhit , tc gi, tc

qut cho iu ho.

- Mch o in p c quy.

- u o nhit phng my: o chnh xc nhit phng my

cn phi s dng u o c di o ph hp (khong t 0-50C).

Hnh 2.2. u o nhit phng my.

- Cm bin khi, cm bin chy: cnh bo sm cc nguy c

chy n gy thit hi cho cc thit b trong trm.

Hnh 2.3. u bo khi v u bo nhit gia tng.

- Cm bin ca m v cm bin knh v: pht hin t nhp tri

php vo nh trm.

13

Hnh 2.4. Cm bin ca m v cm bin knh v.

- m k: o m trong trm.

- Qut thng gi: gi cho qut lun kh thong, gia tng tui th

cho cc thit b trong trm.

Hnh 2.5. Qut thng gi.

2.1.4. Cc khi phn cng ca t BTS.

y ta s xt n cc khi phn cng ca t BTS c th, trong n

ny em xin c ni n t RBS ca Sony Ericsson.

14

Hnh 2.6. Cc khi phn cng ca t RBS.

2.1.4.1. DRU(Double Radio Unit).

DRU thc hin giao din kt ni gia cc kt ni Y link t DXU v h

thng an ten. DRU cha 2 b thu pht TRx, cc b kt hp, h thng phn

phi v cc b lc. DRU cng h tr c iu ch GMSK v 8-PSK (EDGE).

DRU cha b kt hp lai ghp c th s dng kt hp truyn 2 Tx .

Thng qua cu hnh phn mm DRU c th hot ng c ch kt hp hay

khng kt hp. Mi u cui Tx c gn vi mt bias injector khi kt ni

vi mt modul iu khin khuch i nh thp (TMA-CM) v cp ngun cho

cc b khuch i nh thp (TMA). Cc tnh nng chnh ca DRU l truyn

v nhn cc tn hiu v tuyn v x l cc tn hiu .

Hnh 2.7. Card DRU.

15

DRU bao gm cc khi chnh sau:

- Khi x l trung tm CPU(Cental Processing Unit).

- Khi x l tn hiu s DSP(Digital Signal Processor).

- Khi iu khin v tuyn (Radio Control System).

- Khi v tuyn(Radio System).

- H thng phn phi v kt hp.

- Cc b lc.

16

Hnh 2.8. S khi DRU.

a. H thng CPU.

H thng CPU chu trch nhim iu khin RBS. N gm b x l trung

tm, b nh, cc giao din truy nhp logic.

b. Khi x l tn hiu s DSP.

Hai khi DSP thc hin tt c cc x l cn thit ca tn hiu bng c s

cho 1 TR. Vi ng xung th bao gm mt m v to ra cc cm, vi ng

ln th n cn bng kt hp gii m.

c. Khi iu khin v tuyn (Radio Control System).

Hai b iu khin v tuyn chu trch nhim thc hin:

- ng b iu khin cc phn khc nhau ca tn hiu v tuyn.

- iu ch v bin i D/A cc tn hiu hi thoi.

- Thu v lc cc tn hiu v tuyn vi cc b la chn lc knh.

17

d. H thng v tuyn.

Mi h thng v tuyn bao gm 2 b thu v 1 b pht v tuyn bao gm

c b khuch i cng sut. B thu v tuyn nhn tn hiu c iu ch

ng ln t 1 hay 2 nhnh v truyn chng ln h thng iu khin v tuyn.

B pht v tuyn pht ra cc tn hiu v tuyn ng xung t tn hiu bng

c s c iu ch. Sau n gi cc tn hiu ny ti b khuch i.

e. H thng phn phi v kt hp.

H thng phn phi v kt hp iu khin nh tuyn cc tn hiu TRX

gia b thu pht v tuyn v b lc. B kt hp lai ghp kt ni mt hay hai

b thu pht ti an ten thng qua b tip sng iu khin phn mm. DRU c

th c cu hnh cho hot ng vi cc b kt hp lai ghp hay c ch phi

kt hp. Tn hiu RX c th c phn phi ti rt nhiu b phn khc nhau

bi cc chuyn mch khc nhau thit lp nh nht s an ten thu hay chia s an

ten thu, hay 4 WRD (4 Way Radio Diverity ).

f. B lc.

B lc thc hin lc cc tn hiu TX v RX vic lc tn hiu RX c

TRX c thc hin song song ti mi cng an ten chung. H thng lc cng

cha c bias injector cung cp ngun cho TMA thng qua feeder.

2.1.4.2. DXU(Distribution Switch Unit) - Khi chuyn mch v phn

phi.

DXU l khi x l trung tm ca RBS. N h tr cc giao din ti BSC

v thu thp pht i cc cnh bo. DXU iu khin cng sut v cc thit b mi

trng (qut) cho RBS. N c 1 Flash-card c th b tho ri mi khi c mt

DXU b hng v khng cn thit phi np li phn mm cng nh cu hnh t

BSC. DXU cng cung cp 4 kt ni cho truyn dn, n c th x l c lung

E1 hay T1. DXU c phn cng h tr EDGE trn c 12 TRx.

Cc chc nng: DXU phc v nh mt nt chnh trung tm v cc chc

nng chnh ca n l:

18

- Cung cp cho RBS mt giao din ti mng truyn ti thng qua 4

cng truyn dn E1/T1.

- X l lu lng i vo,iu khin v gim st thng tin gi n ti

cc phn trong t RBS.

- Cung cp cc tn hiu tham chiu tn s v cc tn hiu ng b

trong t RBS.

- Lu tr v chy cc chng trnh, cc chng trnh c lu tr

trong Flash card.

- iu khin h thng ngun v khng kh.

DXU c cu to t cc khi c bn sau:

- H thng CPU.

- H thng chuyn mch.

- B iu khin giao tip truyn dn.

- B h tr ngun.

- H thng ng b thi gian.

- Logic hn hp.

Hnh 2.9. Card DXU.

19

a. H thng CPU.

L phn quan trng nht ca DXU, y l b iu khin 32 bit c gn

vo mt PPC 405 x l chnh cc giao din kt ni. N bao gm cc phn

sau:

- B iu khin I2C.

- B iu khin ethernet 10/100 Mbit/s.

- B nh SDRAM.

- B nh Flash.

- ASIC GARP.

- Compact Flash Card.

b. H thng chuyn mch.

Khi h thng ny gm cc mch x l lu lng gia BSC v TRU. C

th l tch cc TS t lin kt A-bit v gi chng ti cc TRU thng qua bus

ni b.

c. B iu khin giao tip truyn dn.

Mch bao gm 4 lin kt truyn dn v qun l cc giao din lin kt

truyn dn ny. Mch cng iu khin lu lng cho 4 lin kt truyn dn ny.

C th dng vi 2 loi tc : E1(2,048Mbit/s), T1(1,544Mbit/s).

d. H tr ngun.

B h tr ngun phn phi tt c cc in p cn thit cho DXU. Cp

ngun DC cho DXU thng l +24V.

e. H thng ng b thi gian.

c s dng cho vic pht 1 tn hiu l 13MHz.

f. Logic hn hp.

Chc nng ny bao gm cc khi:

- o in p h thng.

- o lng nhit .

- Reset ngun.

20

g. Compact Flash Card: C th thay th d dng.

2.1.4.3. Khi iu khin qut FCU.

FCU iu khin v gim st trng thi cc qut trong RBS c iu

khin bi DXU n c chc nng chnh l:

- iu khin v gim st cc qut.

- Hin th trng thi ca cc qut.

- a ra cc cnh bo lin quan.

- Thc hin giao din ngi my vi cc qut.

FCU s tin hnh o nhit ca mi trng xung quanh v iu khin

tng gim tc cc qut cho ph hp. Nu xy ra mt vn no vi cc

qut n s pht ra cc cnh bo v gi ti DXU x l.

S lng 1.

Hnh 2.10. Card FCU.

2.1.4.4. Khi phn phi ngun ni b IDM.

IDM phn phi ngun +24V DC ti tt c cc khi trong RBS, cc

mch phn phi ny c bo v bi cc cu ch ng ngt. Mi mch phn

phi trong t c 1 cng tc trn IDM.

S lng :1

21

Hnh 2.11. Card IDM.

2.1.4.5. Khi cp ngun PSU.

Khi cp ngun PSU bao gm 2 loi: PSU-DC v PSU-AC.

a. PSU-DC.

PSU-DC chuyn i ngun DC trong di t -57,6 n -40,5V DC thnh

ngun u ra +27,2V DC. Cng sut cc i u ra l 1500W. PSU-DC bao

gm nhng khi chnh nh:

- B lc u vo, b lc tng thch in t (EMC).

- B chuyn i DC-DC.

- B lc u ra.

- Cc mch gim st v iu khin.

22

in p u vo trc tin qua b lc u vo (EMC) ni n c lc

b cc tn hiu tha bc x ra t hot ng ca PSU DC. B chuyn i

DC/DC s chuyn in p DC thnh cc xung vung. Sau chuyn sang

phn s cp ca my bin th. B chuyn i s gii hn cc dng qu p. Ti

my bin th in p c chuyn thnh 24V di dng xung vung. Cc

xung ny s c sa sang thnh DC thng qua diode chnh lu. B lc u ra

s lc in p ra ngn nga cc tn hiu bc x khng cn thit t PSU

DC.

Hnh 2.12. Card PSU-DC.

b. PSU- AC.

PSU - AC chuyn i ngun AC trong di t 200 n 250V AC thnh

in p +24V DC. Cng sut cc i u ra l 1520W, PSU-AC bao gm cc

khi chnh nh:

- B lc u vo, b lc EMC.

- Cu ni.

23

- B chuyn i tng cng.

- B chuyn i DC/DC.

- Lc u ra, lc EMC.

- Cc mch iu khin v gim st.

in p u vo u tin thng qua cu ch ni b v i vo b lc u

vo (EMC filter) ni dng in c lc b cc tn hiu khng cn thit bc

x ra t hot ng ca PSU-AC sau a qua b chnh lu cu AC. B

chuyn i tng cng to ra cc xung hnh sin cng pha vi in p vo, in

p u ra ca b chuyn i l +400V DC. in p qua b chuyn i DC/DC

c dch pha chuyn mch mm chuyn i in p +400V thnh +24V DC

u ra. in p c a qua b lc u ra (EMC) lc b cc nhiu pht

sinh trong qu trnh lm vic ca PSU-AC.

2.1.4.6. Card ACCU/DCCU (AC Connection Unit / DC Connection

Unit) - Khi kt ni AC/DC.

a. ACCU.

L khi thc hin phn phi ngun s cp u vo cho cc PSU thc

hin bin i ngun AC thnh DC.

b. DCCU.

Phn phi ngun DC s cp ti cc khi PSU-DC.

Hnh 2.13. PSU-AC.

24

Hnh 2.14. Card ACCU.

Hnh 2.15. Card DCCU.

25

2.1.4.7. Y Link.

L h thng Bus ni b cho php thng tin gia DXU vi cc dTRU,

ECU. N mang thng tin nh bo hiu TRX, ting v s liu.

Ngoi ra cn c Bus nh thi mang thng tin nh thi v tuyn t

DXU ti cc dTRU.

EPC bus l si quang lp truyn cng sut mang thng tin iu khin v

gim st gia ECU vi PSU v BFU.

2.1.4.8. DC filter -B lc ngun DC.

Thc hin chc nng kt ni ngun DC +24V vo t RBS ng thi

lm nhim v lc cc xung DC do ng ngt p BFU to in p DC ra n

nh bo v cho cc thit b RBS.

Hnh 2.16. B lc DC.

26

2.1.4.9. c im k thut ca t RBS 2206.

Hnh 2.17. T RBS 2206.

- L t c trng dng cho trm indoor (lp t trong nh).

- H tr ti a 6 n v thu pht kp (tng ng 12 TRX) trn 1

t.

- Vi 1 t ta c th thit lp c cu hnh hot ng ca trm l 1

sector, 2 sector hoc 3 sector do RBS2206 s dng 2 loi b kt

hp mi (combiner) rt linh hot, c th s dng kt hp bng tn

GSM900/1800, GSM800/1900 hay GSM800/1800.

- Khi s dng kt hp lc (filter combiner, k hiu CDU-F) th

RBS2206 h tr hot ng 1 trong cc cu hnh l 3x4(4/4/4),

2x6(6/6) v 1x12 (Omni 12) s dng cc bng tn GSM 900 v

1800.

27

Hnh 2.18. Khi CDU-G v CDU-F.

- CDU-G combiner (Combiner and Distribution Unit)- hay cn gi

b phn phi v kt hp: CDU kt hp cc tn hiu c pht i

t cc TRX v phn chia cc tn hiu m n thu c t an ten.

C 2 loi CDU khc nhau dng cho GSM 900 v 1800 (CDU-F

v CDU-G) v 1 loi CDU dng cho GSM 800 v 1900(CDU-G).

o CDU-G: c tnh nng ghp lai h tr nhy tn bng c bn

v nhy tn kt hp.

o CDU-F: c tnh nng kt hp lc h tr cc cu hnh ln

h tr nhy tn bng c bn. CDU-F c ti u ho cho

cc cu hnh ln vi cng sut u ra ti a trn s lng

an ten ti thiu.

- Cc b lc song cng cho php c ng thu ln ng pht kt

ni ti cng 1 an ten. Cc cu hnh song cng cng cho php

gim thiu s lng an ten v feeder cn thit cng nh hn ch

suy hao ti cc b kt hp trn ng truyn.

- C CDU-G v CDU-F u sn sng v phn cng h tr

EDGE.

- CDU-G combiner c th c cu hnh theo 2 ch : ch

dung lng v ch vng ph. Khi hot ng ch vng

28

ph, cng sut ti u ra ca n tng ln 3,5db v rt hiu qu vi

cc site c vng ph sng l nng thn, ngoi hoc khi bt u

cung cp dch v cho mt khu vc mi vi chi ph thp nht.

hot ng vi cu hnh 4/4/4 ta phi s dng 3 khi CDU-G.

Khi chuyn mch cu hnh CXU: nhim v ca CXU l kt ni cho

gia CDU v dTRU ti ng thu. CXU gip vic nng cp hoc cu hnh li

mt t RBS c thun tin hn ch vic di chuyn hoc thay th cp RX. Cc

u vo v ra RX trn dTRU v CDU c t nhng v tr ti thiu ho

s loi cp c s dng kt ni gia CXU v dTRU/CDU.

Hnh 2.19. Khi CXU.

Khi khuch i TMA(Tower Mounted Amplifier):

Mi b khuch i nhiu ti thiu l mt la chn c th c s dng

theo yu cu b li suy hao do an ten feeder v tng cng hiu nng cho

tt c cc b thu. Vi mi cu hnh, CDU-G v CDU-F u sn c cc b

TMA song cng kp nh l mt tnh nng la chn. h tr cc b khuch

i TMA trong cc t BTS cn c thm cc b phn l mul iu khin TMA

v cc b phun in th hiu dch (Bias injector). B phun in th hiu dch

c s dng cung cp cho khi TMA in nng 1 chiu t khi TMA

CM ri a ln feeder v tuyn cao tn.

n v phn ti an ten (ASU-Antenna Sharing Unit).

L mt b phn mi c tch hp sn v l mt tnh nng la chn

cho GSM 800 v GSM 1900. ASU h tr chc nng phn ti anten gia chun

TDMA 850 v GSM 800. Ti ng thu tn hiu c a t an ten i qua

feeder ti ARP (antena reference point ) ca t RBS 2206. Sau tn hiu

c lc ri c khuch i ti khi CDU. Ti u ra RX ca CDU tn hiu

29

c a ti ASU v ti y mt phn nh ca tn hiu c a ti u vo

RX ca khi x l trung tm RBS.

Cc thng s k thut ca t RBS2206:

Thit b rng mt trc

(mm)

rng mt bn

(mm)

Chiu cao

T c lp khung

600 400 1850

T khng c

khung

600 400 1800

Trng lng :

Thit b Trng lng(kg)

T gn y cc khi card v c lp

khung

230

Cc yu cu v ngun in: in nng tiu th ti a ca RBS l 3855W

(i vi ngun cung cp l 120-250V AC). Nu dng c ACCU d phng th

in nng tiu th ACCU np y c th ln n mc tm thi l 5780W.

Cc thng s trn c tnh trong ch hot ng vi mc ti ti a vi iu

kin tiu chun. S tiu th in nng trong qu trnh hot ng ph thuc vo

cu hnh trm.

2.1.4.10. Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS.

Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS da trn qu trnh x l cc tn hiu m n

nhn c t my di ng v BSC.

a. Tn hiu t BSC gi n.

Tn hiu t BSC a ti BTS thng qua giao din Abis trn ng

truyn PCM gm c cc tn hiu sau:

- Tn hiu thoi PCH (Traffic chanel).

30

- Tn hiu bo hiu RSL(Radio Signalling Link).

- Tn hiu vn hnh bo dng OML(Operation Maintenance Link).

- Tn hiu truyn dn Qmux.

Hnh 2.20. Cu trc khung PCM trn giao din Abis.

Cc tn hiu ny c phn b trn PCM nh sau:

- Khe thi gian TS0 c s dng cho mc ch ng b.

- TS1 s dng truyn tn hiu Qmux.

- Cc khe thi gian cn li c s dng truyn tn hiu TCH,

tn hiu bo hiu v tuyn v tn hiu vn hnh bo dng

(RSL/OML).

- Cc khe thi gian trong khung PCM c chia thnh 4 nibble

mi nibble 16Kbps c s dng cho mt knh lu lng TCH.

- Trong khung PCM giao din Abis th mt RSL chim ton b 1

khe thi gian trong khung v s RSL ph thuc vo s TRX m

mt BTS c. Tc l s lng ca RSL s bng s TRX.

- Trong khung PCM cn c tn hiu OML, tn hiu ny s dng

trong qu trnh khai thc v bo dng. Mt OML s chim mt

TS trong khung PCM v s lng ng OML s ph thuc vo

s BTS. Mi OML ch phc v cho mt BTS.

31

- Ngoi ra trong BTS ci tin cung cp ghp knh thng k. Tc l

s dng khe thi gian 64Kbps s dng truyn cho 4RSL v 1

OML, tc l thc hin qu trnh ghp vi 1 OML.

Cung cp ng truyn Qmux cho giao din Abis. Trong qu trnh hot

ng ngoi nhng thng tin bo hiu v thng tin v vn hnh v bo dng trm

BTS cng cn c iu khin bi BSC. Lnh iu khin ny c a vo

khung thi gian PCM khe thi gian TS1, tn hiu ny chim 1 nipple 16Kbps.

Thng qua giao din Abis n s gi tn hiu iu khin n khi TRAN S. Cc tn

hiu ny u tin c a dn khi SUMA v kt cui ti phn truyn dn ca

khi ny sau a n cc khi chc nng khc x l nh sau:

- Tn hiu Qmux c kt cui ti phn truyn dn thc

hin qu trnh iu khin truyn dn.

- Cc tn hiu vn hnh bo dng th kt cui ti khi

OML, khi nhn thng tin O&M x l v a ra cc lnh

lin quan n qu trnh vn hnh v bo dng.

- Cc tn hiu lu lng v bo hiu s c a n khi

TRE y s thc hin qu trnh x l thoi v sau a

n ANC ri ti antena ri pht ra mi trng v tuyn.

b. Tn hiu thu t my di ng MS(Mobile Station).

Tn hiu thu t MS qua antena ca BTS v sau c truyn xung

khi ANC, khi ny s lc, khuch i tp m thp (LNA) v chia cc tn hiu

thu (Spliter) sau khi c x l khi ANC tn hiu tip tc c a n

khi th hai l khi TRE, y l khi chu trch nhim ch yu v qu trnh x

l thoi nh l gii iu ch, gii nh dng cm, gii m ho knh v gii m

ho thoi. Tn hiu sau c a n khi SUMA ti y n thc hin ghp

cc tn hiu li trn khung PCM qu trnh ny thc hin ti phn truyn dn

sau giao din Abis s gi n BSC.

32

CHNG 3.

VN HNH, QUN L V GIM ST H THNG TRM

BTS CA VIETTEL.

3.1. KHO ST V PHN TCH H THNG GIM ST.

3.1.1. Hin trng nh trm hin nay v nhu cu xy dng h thng

gim st tp trung.

Thc t hin nay nh trm c h thng trang thit b rt a dng, mi

thit b li c sn xut nhiu hng khc nhau, c giao din iu khin v

qun l khc nhau nn vic gim st, iu khin trang thit b rt tn km v

cng sc cng nh kinh ph.

Hin nay c nhiu hng sn xut ra cc h thng gim st, iu khin

chuyn dng p ng nh cu gim st t xa v kim sot an ninh nh:

camera, th t, u c vn tay Phng tin truyn d liu gim st cng rt

khc nhau: ng in thoi, GPRS, mng IP trong gii php truyn dn

qua mng IP c u chung hn c.

Tuy nhin mi hng sn xut ch lm ra mt h thng chuyn dng ca

mnh (nh h thng gim st qua camera, h thng bo ng chng trm, h

thng iu khin thit b ring cho tng thit b ring bit ca hng) cho

bn rng ri ch cha c mt hng no a ra mt gii php tng th c th

tch hp c tt c cc thng tin cn gim st vo thnh mt h thng ng

nht.

Trong cc trm thu pht sng, bn thn cc h thng thit b ph tr

cc nh trm (nh my n, iu ho) cng khng ng b vi nhau, khng

cng chung mt giao din qun l, vic tch hp vo h thng gim st li cng

tr nn kh khn hn, ng thi thit b ph tr v quy m ca mi trm li

khc nhau.

33

T hin trng cc h thng nh trm hin nay cn phi qun l tp trung

cc trang thit b ca nh trm. y l mt nhu cu thit yu gim chi ph

nhn t con ngi trng coi v tn dng c ngun nhn lc phc v

cc nhu cu khc, t ng ho ton b hot ng ca cc thit b ph tr

tng tui th cc thit b chnh, nng cao cht lng dch v v gim ti a chi

ph qun l, tng cng vic kim sot an ninh i vi cc nh trm thit b.

C nh vy nh cung cp dch v mi c c hi tng sc cnh tranh trong

nn kinh t m ca hin nay.

3.1.2. Yu cu ca h thng gim st.

a. Yu cu chung vi h thng gim st nh trm.

T nhu cu thc t v hin trng cc h thng gim st thit b hin nay

i hi h thng gim st cn xy dng phi p ng c cc nhu cu sau:

- Thng tin qun l gim st phi c truyn t trm ln trung tm

qua mng IP c sn, m bo thi gian thc.

- C kh nng qun l tp trung nhiu nh trm trn din rng.

- H thng phi c n nh v tnh chnh xc cao.

- H thng p ng c cc nhu cu gim st iu khin sau:

o Gim st tc thi cc cnh bo chy n: khi, chy, nhit

gia tng

o Gim st tc thi cc cnh bo mi trng: nhit ,

m, nc ngp

o Gim st tc thi cc cnh bo v ngun in: in li,

in ti, s c in 3 pha

o Gim st trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b ph tr: iu

ho, my n, ATS

o o c chnh xc t xa cc thng s: o nhit , in p

DC/AC, dng in, tn s

34

o iu khin t ng cc thit b ph tr theo ng quy nh

: iu ho, ATS, my n

o iu khin t xa cc thit b ph tr.

o Gim st hnh nh qua h thng camera, t ng ghi hnh

khi c s kin.

o Gim st ca ra vo, cnh bo hin trng ca t ng m.

- H thng c kh nng tch hp c tt c cc nhu cu gim st

trn vo cng mt giao din qun l.

- H thng phi m bo tnh m v linh hot thch ng c

vi cc nh trm khc nhau v d phng m rng trong tng lai.

b. Cc yu cu i vi phn mm qun l trn Server.

- Chng trnh gim st phi phn quyn c i vi ngi s

dng, ngi s dng c th truy cp mi lc mi ni.

- Chng trnh gim st phi tch hp c tt c cc cng vic

nh ci t thng s, iu khin, gim st v qun l trn cng

mt giao din duy nht.

- Kt ni, truyn nhn d liu vi h thng bo v in t ti cc

trm thu pht sng thng qua mi trng mng theo chun

TCP/IP.

- C kh nng khai bo, m rng s trm thu pht sng .

3.2. GII PHP PHN CNG.

3.2.1. Gii php.

Trong vic gim st t xa c vn sau cn quan tm:

- Gim st cnh bo: chy n, t nhp, iu ho tt, mt in

- o c chnh xc cc thng s: nhit , dng p

- Ci t thng s cho cc thit b.

- iu khin thit b t xa.

- Gim st camera v ghi li hnh nh khi c s kin.

35

Nh vy ti mi trm s s dng mt thit b BMS (BTS Monitoring

System) c th m trch c cc chc nng ni trn, ng thi tt c

u phi c kh nng kt ni ln trung tm qua a ch IP v tch hp chung v

qun l trn cng mt phn mm.

Hnh 3.1. BTS Monitoring System -Thit b gim st iu khin h thng trang

thit b ti mi nh trm.

3.2.2. Thit b BTS Monitoring System.

Thit b BTS Monitoring System l mt sn phm da trn phn cng

iu khin logic lp trnh (PLC-Programmable Logic Controller) ca hng

Siemens, PLC thc cht l mt thit b c cc hng sn xut ni ting trong

lnh vc t ng ho (bao gm Siemens, Omron, Mitsubishi, Honeywell,

Allen Bradley ) sn xut ra thc hin vic gim st v iu khin t

ng trong mi trng cng nghip.

36

PLC c cu trc nh gn, h tr nhiu cng c cc kiu giao din khc

nhau cho php kt ni n tt c cc chng loi cm bin (sensor) v cc thit

b iu khin c trn th trng. Kh nng m rng s lng cng giao tip

ca PLC l rt tt, ch cn lp thm cc Modul I/O m rng ni tip nhau di

dng chui l xong. Tng s lng cng giao tip c m rng c th ln n

hng trm, hng ngn tu theo chng loi PLC.

Hnh 3.2. M rng cc cng I/O ca PLC bng cch lp thm modul

ni tip nhau.

Di y s m t thit b PLC c s dng cho h thng phc v gii

php gim st iu khin t xa cho cc nh trm khng ngi trc:

Hnh 3.3. M hnh kt ni thit b ca PLC.

a. Cng DI (Digital Input).

37

Cng DI chp nhn 2 mc tn hiu in: 24V tng ng logic 1 v

0V tng ng mc logic 0. Vic u ni u ra tip im ca cc cm

bin n cng DI rt n gin nh sau:

Hnh 3.4. Cng DI.

Trong trng hp mun tit kim s cng DI s dng ca PLC v

khng cn thit phn bit chnh xc tng sensor chng ta c th thc hin vic

u ni song song cc sensor c u ra tip im thng m (NO) hoc u

ni trc tip cc sensor c u ra tip im thng ng (NC) ri a vo 1

cng DI duy nht nh hnh di y.

Hnh 3.5. u song song cc sensor c u ra tip im thng m.

38

Hnh 3.6. u ni tip cc sensor c u ra tip im thng ng.

b. Cng AI (Analog Input).

Cng AI ca PLC chp nhn 2 kiu tn hiu in tng t a n:

- Kiu dng chp nhn dng in vo trong khong t 0-20mA.

- Kiu p: chp nhn in p vo trong khong t 0-5V.

Khi ni vi cm bin c u ra kiu dng, PLC ng vai tr nh mt

Ampe k.

Khi ni vi cm bin c u ra kiu p, PLC ng vai tr nh mt Vn

k.

PLC thc hin vic chuyn i tng t sang s (A/D) chuyn cc

tn hiu in sang dng s nguyn trong di 0-32767 mt cch tuyn tnh

truyn v trung tm (qua giao thc TCP/IP ).

Cc nh cung cp cm bin o gi tr chnh xc u c h tr cng ra 4-

20mA hoc 0-5V tng thch vi tt c cc loi PLC khc nhau. Ni chung

vic chuyn i gi tr o sang tn hiu in tng t ca u ra cm bin u

39

l tuyn tnh trn ton di o ca cm bin. V d: u o nhit cho di t

0-50C cho ra dng 4-20mA s c c tuyn chuyn i tuyn tnh nh hnh

di y:

Hinh 3.7. c tuyn chuyn i tuyn tnh.

Khi trung tm nhn c gi tr s ho m PLC gi n cn c theo c

tuyn trn s c th tnh ngc li gi tr thc m cm bin o c. Theo

cch ny h thng c kh nng o c tt c cc gi tr khc nhau ca trm

nh dng in, in p, tn s min l phi c c cm bin thch hp.

c. Cng DO (Digital Output).

Mi cng ra DO ca PLC ng vi mt cp tip im kiu NO.

Ngi lp trnh PLC c th lp trnh iu khin ng (ng vi logic

1 ca DO) hay m (ng vi logic 0 ca DO) cp tip im ny. Thng qua cp

tip im DO v c th qua mt vi role trung gian, in p iu khin bt k

c th c gi n iu khin thit b vi cng sut mong mun. Qua role,

thc hin vic phn cch hon ton v in gia PLC v thit b cn iu

khin, do bo v c PLC. Di y l hnh v m t cch thc u ni

gi 1 in p iu khin Vdk n thit b, Vdk c th l in p 1 chiu

hoc xoay chiu.

40

Hnh 3.8. Gi in p Vdk n iu khin thit b.

Theo cch ny, PLC c kh nng iu khin c tt c cc thit b c

giao tip iu khin bng in p c nh nh my n, iu ho, ATS, n

chiu sng, ci bo ngl cc thit b cn kt ni iu khin trong nh

trm.

3.2.3. Giao tip gia BMS v Server.

PLC p ng c tt c cc tnh nng cn thit cho vic gim st v

iu khin cc nhu cu cn thit t ra, cng vic quan trng nht l phi

lp trnh cho PLC. Chng trnh iu khin np vo PLC phi p ng c

cc nhm chc nng c bn sau:

- Giao tip vi trung tm qua mt giao thc xc nh trc (chnh

l giao thc TCP/IP) np cu hnh cho PLC v iu khin t

xa.

- T ng gi s kin cnh bo/xo cnh bo ln trung tm tt c

cc cng DI v AI.

- H tr chc nng iu khin t ng v iu khin t xa theo cu

hnh c np.

41

Hnh 3.9. Cc lung thng tin gia PLC v SERVER.

Nhm 1: Np cu hnh cc cng DI, AI, DO.

Lung thng tin trao i 2 chiu np cu hnh cc cng t xa cho

PLC, mi gi tin gi t trung tm cn c mt gi tin phc p. Thng qua np

cu hnh cc cng ca PLC bao gm:

42

o nh ngha cc cng s dng ca PLC.

o Nghng cnh bo cho tng cng DI hoc AI.

o nh ngha cng DO l dng duy tr hay xung, nu l dng

xung cn t rng xung cn thit.

Nhm 2: Np cc lu iu khin t ng.

Nhm ny dng thit lp cc quy trnh iu khin t ng i vi cc

thit b nh my n, ATS, iu ho, n chiu sng cn c theo t hp s

kin km theo tr thi gian i vi tng s kin ly t cc cng ca PLC

theo ng yu cu vn hnh ca ngi qun l. Cc mch iu khin ny

c thit k c th p ng c bt k mt yu cu iu khin t ng

no ca nh trm vi s lng v chng loi thit b cn iu khin l khng

hn ch.

Nhm ny bao gm cc thng tin np cu hnh cho vic iu khin t

ng nh k theo thi gian (v d nh np c quy my n nh k hay phn

lch hot ng ca tng iu ho ).

Mi gi tin np cu hnh gi t trung tm cng c mt phc p tng

ng t PLC.

Nhm 3: t thi gian thc.

Thng tin t thi gian thc gi t trung tm bao gm ngy, thng, nm,

gi, pht, giy ng b thi gian ca PLC vi trung tm.

Mi gi tin t thi gian thc c mt phc p tng ng t PLC.

Nhm 4: iu khin t xa.

Nhm ny c s dng trung tm thc hin vic iu khin t xa

i vi cc thit b iu khin ti nh trm, v d: tt my n, bt/ tt iu

ho, bt/tt n in

Nh c cc lu iu khin nh m t nhm 2, vic iu khin

vn hnh thit b theo mt quy trnh phc tp vn c th thc hin c mt

cch n gin. Nh c cc lu thch, ch cn mt lnh iu khin bt hoc

43

tt mt cng DO t trung tm l c th vn hnh c mt lot cc thit b

nh trm theo ng mt quy trnh mong mun bng cch lin kt tt c cc tn

hiu ly t cc cng ca PLC vo cc lu thch hp.

Mi gi tin iu khin t xa cng c mt gi tin phc p tng ng t

PLC.

Nhm 5: c s kin t cc cng.

y l cc gi tin gi t trung tm yu cu PLC gi tr li cc trng

thi, gi tr ca tt c cc cng m n c cu hnh.

Nhm 6: S kin cnh bo /xo cnh bo t cc cng DI, AI.

y l cc gi tin c t ng gi i t PLC mt cch tc thi khi mt

cng DI (tt nhin cng ny phi nm trong danh sch cc cng s dng c

np t trung tm theo nhm 1) thay i gi tr t 0 ln 1 hoc t 1 v 0, hoc

khi gi tr chnh xc o c t cng AI thay i t min khng cnh bo sang

min cnh bo v ngc li. Khi gi s kin ln trung tm, PLC s gi km

theo gi tr thi gian thc ti thi im xy ra s kin.

Nhm 7: S kin ON/OFF ca cc cng DO.

Khi mt cng DO thay i trng thi t OFF ln ON (sn ln ca tn

hiu iu khin) hoc t ON xung OFF (sn xung ca tn hiu iu khin),

PLC cng gi tc thi ln trung tm ni dung ca s kin ny km theo gi tr

thi gian ti thi im xy ra s kin.

Nhm 8: Gi nh k ID ca trm.

Khi trin khai nhiu trm PLC, mi PLC c t ring mt ch s ID

duy nht phn bit vi cc trm khc. Thng tin v ID ca PLC c nh

k gi ln trung tm xc nhn PLC vn ang hot ng tt.

Cc nhm 6, 7, 8 l cc thng tin ch c gi i khi cn thit cho nn

khi trng thi ch, lu lng thng tin chuyn t PLC ln trung tm l rt

nh,v vy gip cho trung tm c kh nng qun l ng thi hng trm n

hng nghn trn mng m khng b qu ti.

44

3.3. PHN TCH YU CU H THNG.

3.3.1. Yu cu chc nng ca h thng.

a. Qun l cu hnh:

Cho php thit lp cc thng s o v cc thng s iu khin h thng,

yu cu cho modul ny bao gm:

- Thit lp thng s cnh bo: Thit lp cc thng s v ngng

cnh bo ca nhit , m, in p AC, dng in AC, in p

DC ca t c quy

- Thit lp tham s v thi gian: Thit lp cc tham s v thi gian

nh: tr tc ng, tr cnh bo, tr khi ng my lnh

- Thit lp cc thng s iu khin: thit lp cc thng s iu

khin khc bao gm: tip im cnh bo NC, NO, ch hot

ng cho cc c cu chp hnh nh ATS cho my n, ch iu

khin my lnh, qut thng gi, ch cho php cm m ca

trm

b. iu khin thit b.

Yu cu iu khin h thng camera lp t trong trm:

o Cho php bt/ tt Camera.

o Cho php gim st hnh nh ti trm qua Camera IP, cho

php trc tip hnh nh ti trm.

o Cho php quan st ng thi s lng Camera c trn

mng.

o Cho php iu khin Camera quay ngang, qut dc, zoom

t xa hoc chuyn n v tr preset (yu cu camera phi c

tnh nng ny).

Yu cu ng m ca t xa.

o Cho php ng m ca trm t trung tm iu hnh.

45

o Cho php t ch c php/khng c php m ca

trm t ng trong cc tnh hung c xy ra cnh bo chy,

cnh bo t nhp hoc cnh bo khc.

Yu cu iu khin c cu chp hnh ATS v my n.

o Cho php chuyn c ch hot ng ca ATS: t

ng/bng tay.

o Cho php iu khin n my n.

o Cho php chuyn ch t ng sang dng in li khi

c in ti trm (sau khi cc thng s in li ti trm n

nh).

Yu cu iu khin iu ho.

o Cho php chuyn ch ca thit b iu khin my lnh

(t ng/bng tay).

o Cho php iu khin bt/tt cc my lnh c trong trm.

o Cho php iu khin nhit , tc qut, gc quay.

Yu cu iu khin qut thng gi.

o Cho php iu khin bt/tt qut thng gi.

o Cho php iu chnh tc qut thng gi.

Yu cu iu khin cc thit b khc.

o Cho php bt tt h thng in h tr quan st bng

camera ban m.

o Cho php iu chnh sng ca n.

o Cho php bt/ tt h thng bo ng bo chy.

Yu cu iu khin np ac quy.

o Cho php iu khin np/khng np ac quy (khi chy my

n thi khng np c quy).

46

c. Theo di, gim st.

Cho php xc nh trng thi kt ni (online/offline) gia trm v

trung tm, xc nh trm ang kt ni, trm mt kt ni hoc s

c.

Cho php kch hot camera ti trm khi c yu cu quan st,

camera c th iu chnh gc quay (nu h tr tnh nng ny).

Cho php ghi hnh trc tip ti cc trm v lu tr trn my ch

trung tm.

Cho php quan st chi tit hot ng ca trm thng qua vic hin

th cc thng s v h thng bo v ca trm. Cc thng s c

chuyn t trm v trung tm nh k theo yu cu nh in p,

dng in, cng sut, nhit , trng thi, iu ho

C kh nng cnh bo khi trm xy ra hin tng t nhp, knh

v, nhit tng, chy, khi, ngp nc

C h thng ci bo ng khi mt trm gp s c. C s thay i

mu sc trn mn hnh ph thuc vo cp ca s c.

Cho php ngi gim st thao tc iu khin cc thit b c kt

ni vi h thng bo v nh ang thao tc ti trm.

d. Qun l lu tr.

Lu tr thng tin v cu hnh trm (cc tham s ci t cho cc

thit b ) ti thi im gn nht v s liu lch s.

Lu tr thng tin v cc s kin cnh bo ca trm theo s kin

v thi gian xy ra s kin.

Kt ni vi h thng bo v in t /h thng iu khin thu

thp cc file s kin do camera quan st ghi li c.

47

e. Thng k bo co.

Cho php thng k s lng trm gim st theo pha.

Cho php thng k tnh trng gim st theo tng trm /nhiu

trm.

Thng k theo thi gian.

Thng k theo s kin.

Thng k theo cc iu kin tng hp.

Bo co tnh trng hot ng ca tng i, mng li in, iu

khin, bo ng

f. Qun tr h thng.

Cho php qun l ngi dng (user), nhm ngi dng (user

group).

Cho php phn quyn n tng ngi dng truy cp vo h thng

gim st t xa.

Cho php phn quyn s dng n tng chc nng, theo tng

modul, theo tng cp ngi dng.

H thng m bo c ch bo mt nhiu lp (Server, Client).

Ngi dng ch c quyn truy cp trn mt s chc nng nht

nh do ngi qun tr h thng cp quyn.

H thng c kh nng thm, bt c ngi dng, nh trm, thit

b

H thng m bo kh nng backup v restore d liu.

3.3.2. Yu cu phi chc nng.

H thng phi gn nh, chy c trn nhiu h iu hnh khc

nhau.

H thng phi m bo thi gian thc, thng tin iu khin, cnh

bo phi c cp nht ngay trn mn hnh cho ngi qun l.

48

Giao din ngi dng phi thn thin, d s dng. Cc bng chn

chc nng phi khoa hc, thun tin.

H thng phi c tnh nng bo mt tt, chng c cc kiu tn

cng thng dng (SQL Injection, XSS-cross site scripting ).

3.4. CC BIU PHN TCH.

Hnh 3.10. S khung cnh ton b h thng gim st ,iu

khin t xa nh trm.

49

Hnh 3.11. Biu phn r chc nng h thng.

Sau y l cc ca s dng cho cc modul chnh ca h thng gim st v

iu khin nh trm.

3.4.1. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun l cu hnh.

Thit lp tham s v thi gian

Thit lp cc thng s iu

khin

Thit lp thng s cnh bo Admind

Module qun l cu hnh

Hnh 3.12. Biu usecase chc nng qun l cu hnh.

50

M t:

STT M Tn Tc nhn M t

1. UC_QLCH_01 Thit lp thng

s cnh bo

Admin Chc nng ny cho php

thit lp cc thng s v

ngng cnh bo ca

nhit , m, in p

AC, dng in AC, in

p DC ca t c quy

2. UC_QLCH_02 Thit lp tham

s v thi gian


thit lp tham s v thi

gian nh tr tc ng, tr

cnh bo, tr khi ng

my lnh

3. UC_QLCH_03 Thit lp cc

thng s iu

khin


thit lp cc thng s iu

khin khc bao gm: tip

im cnh bo NC, NO,

ch hot ng cho cc

c cu chp hnh nh

ATS cho my n, ch

iu khin my lnh, qut

thng gi, ch cho

php cm m ca trm

51

3.4.2. Biu ca s dng cho Modul theo di gim st thit b.

Hnh 3.13. Biu usecase chc nng theo di gim st thit b.

M t:

STT M Tn Tc nhn M t

1. UC_TDGS_01 Theo di trng

thi kt ni

Manager Chc nng ny cho php

theo di trng thi kt ni

n Server, trng thi kt

ni gia nh trm v server.

2. UC_TDGS_02 Hin th thng

s trng thi


hin th thng tin trng thi

thit b.

3. UC_TDGS_03 Hin th thng

tin cnh bo


hin th trng thi cnh bo

ca nh trm.

4. UC_TDGS_04 Nhn d liu Nh trm

BTS

Chc nng ny nhn d liu

t nh trm BTS gi n

SERVER.

Manager

Nh

trm

BTS

Theo di trng thi kt ni

Hin th thng s trng thi

Hin th thng tin cnh bo

Nhn d liu

x l d liu

Qun l lung d liu

Gi d liu

Modul theo di gim st

52

5. UC_TDGS_05 X l d liu. Chc nng ny x l d

liu nhn c: phn tch

ni dung gi tin, xc nh

loi gi tin, yu cu lu

lng.

6. UC_TDGS_06 Qun l lung

d liu.

Chc nng ny xc nh d

liu gim st gi n

u.

7. UC_TDGS_07 Gi d liu. Chc nng ny gi d liu

n Web Client hin th

cho ngi dng.

3.4.3. Biu ca s dng cho Module iu khin thit b.

Hnh 3.14. Biu usecase chc nng iu khin thit b.

Manage

rreer Qun l lung d liu

iu khin thit b

Nhn d liu

x l d liu

Gi d liu Nh

trm

BTS

Modul iu khin thit b

Manager

reer Qun l lung d liu

53

M t:

STT M Tn Tc nhn M t

1. UC_DKTB_01 iu khin

thit b


iu khin t xa thit b

ti nh trm BTS.

2. UC_DKTB_02 Nhn d

liu

Chc nng ny cho php

nhn d liu Web Client

khi ngi s dng iu

khin thit b trn mn

hnh v server.

3. UC_DKTB_03 X l d

liu

Chc nng ny x l d

liu nhn c: phn tch

ni dung gi tin, xc nh

loi gi tin, yu cu lu

lng.

4. UC_DKTB_04 Qun l

lung d

liu

Chc nng ny xc nh

d liu gim st gi

n u.

5. UC_TDGS_07 Gi d liu Chc nng ny gi d

liu n nh trm BTS

BMS iu khin cc thit

b trong trm.

54

3.4.4. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun l lu tr.

Hnh 3.15. Biu usecase chc nng qun l lu tr.

M t:

STT M Tn Tc nhn M t

1. UC_QLLT_01 Lu thng tin

cu hnh trm

Nh trm

BTS

Chc nng ny cho php

lu tr cc thng tin cu

hnh trm ti thi im

gn nht.

2. UC_QLLT_02 Lu tr s

kin

Nh trm

BTS

Chc nng ny cho php

lu tr s kin, cc s c

ca nh trm.

3. UC_QLLT_03 Lu tr hnh

nh

Nh trm

BTS

Chc nng ny cho php

lu tr hnh nh thu c

t Camera ca nh trm.

4. UC_QLLT_04 Lu tr cnh

bo

Nh trm

BTS

Chc nng ny cho php

lu li thng tin v cc s

c ti nh trm.

3.4.5. Biu ca s dng cho module thng k bo co.

Nh

trm

BTS

Lu tr thng tin

cu hnh trm

Lu tr hnh nh Lu tr cnh bo

Lu tr cc s kin

Modul qun l lu tr

55

Hnh 3.16. Biu usecase chc nng thng k bo co.

M t:

STT M Tn Tc nhn M t

1. UC_TKBC_01 Thng k

bo co


ngi qun l thng k

cc s kin ca nh trm

theo cc tiu chi khc

nhau.


theo trm


ngi qun l thng k

cc s kin ca nh trm

theo tn trm, a ch

trm, khu vc.


theo thi

gian


ngi qun l thng k

cc s kin ca nh trm

theo thi gian xy ra s

kin.

4. UC_TKBC_04 Thng k Manager Chc nng ny cho php

Manager

Thng k theo trm

Thng k bo co

Bo co tnh trng

Thng k theo thi gian

Thng k theo s kin

Thng k theo iu kin

Module thng k , bo co

56

theo s

kin

ngi qun l thng k

cc s kin ca nh trm

theo loi s kin.


theo iu

kin


ngi qun l thng k

cc s kin ca nh trm

theo mt s tiu ch m

ngi qun l a ra.

6. UC_TKBC_06 Bo co

tnh trng


ngi qun l lp bo co

v tnh trng thit b ca

nh trm.

3.4.6. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun tr h thng.

Hnh 3.17. Biu usecase chc nng qun tr h thng.

M t:

Admin

Phn quyn ngi dng

Qun l ngi dng

Qun l nh trm thit b

Hu b thit b

Thm ti khon mi

Kho ti khon

Thm trm mi

Hu b trm

Thm thit b mi

Qun tr h thng

57

STT M Tn Tc nhn M t

1. UC_QTHT_01 Phn quyn

ngi dng

Admin Chc nng ny cho php ngi

qun tr Admin phn quyn s

dng cho nhn vin trong trung

tm gim st.

2. UC_QTHT_02 Qun l

ngi dng


qun tr Admin qun l cc

thng tin v nhn vin trong

trung tm gim st.

3. UC_QTHT_03 Qun l nh

trm thit b


qun tr Admin qun l nh

trm v cc trang thit b nh

trm.

4. UC_QTHT_04 Thm ti

khon mi


qun tr Admin to thm ti

khon mi cho nhn vin mi.

5. UC_QTHT_05 Kho ti

khon


qun tr Admin kho mt ti

khon khng s dng na.

6. UC_QTHT_06 Thm trm

mi


qun tr Admin thm mt trm

mi vo h thng gim st.

7. UC_QTHT_07 Hu b

trm


qun tr Admin hu b mt

trm ra khi h thng gim st.

8. UC_QTHT_08 Thm thit

b mi


qun tr Admin thm mt thit

b mi vo h thng gim st.

9. UC_QTHT_09 Hu b thit

b


qun tr Admin hu b mt

thit b mi ra khi h thng

gim st.

58

3.5. C T MT S CA S DNG CHNH.

Do n ch tp trung vo x l nghip v gim st v iu khin nn

cc modul khc s khng c cp n.

3.5.1. ng nhp.

Hnh 3.18. Biu tun t qu trnh ng nhp h thng.

M t chi tit:

M use case

Tn use case

Tc nhn

UC_DN

ng nhp

Admin,Manager

M t Use case ny cho php ngi dng ng

nhp vo h thng gim st

iu kin u vo Khng

Kt qu u ra Ngi dng ng nhp thnh cng, trang

59

iu khin c tr v cho ngi dng

Lung s kin chnh STT Hnh ng

1. Admin,

Manager

Vo trang ng

nhp, nhp

username v

password ca

ngi dng

2. H thng Nhn d liu v

username v

password ca

ngi dng

3. H thng M ho hm bng

SHA-1cho

password

4. H thng Kim tra usernme

v password ca

ngi dng, nu

khng khp th tr

v cho ngi dng

trang tng ng,

nu sai th quay li

trang ng nhp

Lung s kin ph Cp nht thi gian truy cp cui cng ca

ngi dng vo c s d liu.

Uses Khng

Extends Khng

Tn sut s dng Thng xuyn

60

3.5.2. Theo di gim st thit b nh trm.

Hnh 3.19. Biu tun t theo di gim st thit b nh trm.

M t chi tit:

M use case

Tn use case

Tc nhn

UC_TDGS

Theo di gim st h thng

Nh trm BTS.

M t Use case ny thc hin chc nng

gim st, cnh bo cc thit b ti nh

trm.

iu kin u vo Ngi qun l ng nhp thnh cng

61

vo h thng nh trm v web client

phi kt ni thanh cng vi server.

Kt qu u ra Trng thi thit b thng tin cnh bo

c hin th trn mn hnh theo di

ca ngi qun l.


1. Nh

trm

BTS

Gi thng tin v thit

b n server

2. Nhn d liu t nh

trm BTS gi v

3. Phn tch ni dung ca

gi d liu

4. Xc nh a ch ca

ngi s dng

5. Gi d liu ti web

client

6. Hin th thng tin trng

thi,thng tin cnh bo

ln mn hnh

Lung s kin ph Nu thng tin l thng tin cnh bo,

Server s lu s kin cnh bo vo

CSDL

Uses Khng

Extends Khng


62

3.5.3. iu khin thit b.

Hnh 3.20. Biu tun t qu trnh iu khin thit b nh trm.

M t chi tit:

M use case

Tn use case

Tc nhn

UC_DKTB

iu khin thit b

Nh trm BTS, Manager.

M t Use case ny thc hin chc nng iu

khin t xa cc thit b ti nh trm

BTS.

63

iu kin u vo Ngi qun l ng nhp thnh cng

vo h thng, nh trm v web client

phi kt ni thnh cng ti server.

Kt qu u ra Trng thi thit b thay i theo s

iu khin ca Manager v trng thi

thit b trn mn hnh theo di ca

ngi qun l thay i theo thit b

nh trm.


1. Manager Ci t thng s

thit b trn mn

hnh.

2. Web

client

Gi d liu v thng

s ci t thit b v

Server.

3. Server Nhn gi d liu t

Web client.

4. Server Phn tch ni dung

ca gi d liu.

5. Server Xc nh a ch nh

trm BTS cn gi

n.

6. Server Gi d liu ti nh

trm.

7. Nh trm

BTS

Nhn thng tin iu

khin t Server, ci

t thng s iu

khin cho thit b.

64

8. Nh trm

BTS

Gi thng tin xc

nhn thit b c

iu khin ti server

9. Server Gi thng tin xc

nhn iu khin ti

Web client.

10. Web

client

Hin th thng tin

trng thi thit b sau

khi iu khin.

Lung s kin ph Lu li thng tin iu khin v CSDL

Uses Khng

Extends Khng


65

3.6. THIT K H THNG.

3.6.1. M hnh thit k h thng.

Hnh 3.21. M hnh thit k h thng.

M t:

H thng gim st nh trm bao gm mng my tnh ti Trung tm gim

st, kt ni vi h thng iu khin ti cc trm qua mi trng mng

(TCP/IP), cc thnh phn ca h thng bao gm:

H thng my ch (Server) c vai tr thu thp d liu, qun l v

iu khin hot ng ca ton b h thng. My ch giao tip vi

h thng iu khin ti trm qua cc tp lnh (Command control).

Tt c d liu ca h thng c lu tr tp trung ti Server. H

thng my ch c chia thnh cc phn sau:

o Appplication Server: X l cc nghip v ca my tnh.

o Web Server X l cc giao tip gia ngi dng v h

thng.

o Database Server: Lu tr d liu ca h thng.

My trm ti trung tm gim st, c cp quyn truy nhp vo

cc nh trm theo chc nng thng qua Server. Cc my trm kt

ni vi Server thng qua mng LAN /WAN hoc c th qua

66

mng internet. Ti my trm, chi cn ci t web browser chy

chng trnh qua Web Server.

Ti trm BTS, cc thit b c kt ni thnh mt mng theo tiu

chun cng nghip. B iu khin BMS ti trm c vai tr nh

mt my ch (Master) kt ni vi cc mul qun l thit b

(Client), lm nhim v thu thp s liu v chuyn v trung tm

gim st. S liu thu thp bao gm cc thng s v mi trng,

trng thi hot ng, tn hiu cnh bo ca ton trm. Mi b

iu khin (BMS) c ci t sn cc tp lnh iu khin thit

b, khi mun iu khin hay ci t thng s cho mt thit b no

y trong trm, server ch cn gi c php lnh n b iu

khin, b iu khin s ci t thng s cho thit b trong trm.

3.6.2. Kin trc h thng.

Kin trc ca h thng gim st iu khin t xa trm thu pht sng di

ng BTS c chia thnh 3 phn chnh sau:

3.6.2.1. Tng d liu(Data layer).

Tng d liu cha my ch CSDL (Database)- ng vai tr nh nn

tng ca h thng. Tng d liu lu tr cc thng tin y v cc nh trm,

trng thi ca nh trm, ngi s dng phc v nhu cu bo co, thng k.

H thng gim st nh trm BTS yu cu qun l mt lng d liu ln v

thng tin cu hnh v trng thi hot ng ca nh trm. Ngoi ra h thng cn

yu cu tnh chnh xc, bo mt v tnh sn sng cao ca d liu.

3.6.2.2. Tng ng dng(Application Layer).

Tng logic nghip v bao gm nhiu thnh phn, l b phn chnh ca

h thng. Tng ng dng ca h thng c chia lm 2 phn chnh:

a. Application Service.

67

Thnh phn tng tc vi CSDL(DAL-Data Access Layer): ng vai

tr trung gian gia gia thnh phn nghip v vi lp d liu. Nh DAL m

cc thnh phn nghip v khng ph thuc vo lp CSDL, lp nghip v ch

cn s dng cc kt qu tr v ca DAL.

Thnh phn gi nhn gi tin: Nhn v gi gi tin gia Server v nh

trm, gia Server v ngi qun l.

Thnh phn x l gi tin: X l gi tin nhn c t nh trm v t

ngi qun l gi n.

Thnh phn qun l lung d liu: xc nh gi tin s c chuyn tip

n trm no hoc ngi qun l no.

Thnh phn lu lng h thng: lu thng tin cnh bo, thng tin ci

t cu hnh, thng tin iu khin vo database.

b. Web Service.

Gm 3 thnh phn:

Thnh phn gi nhn gi tin: nhn v gi gi tin gia Server v ngi

qun l.

Thnh phn kim tra gi tin: xc nh xem gi tin l thng tin cnh bo

hay thng tin trng thi.

Thnh phn hin th thng tin: hin th thng tin ca nh trm ln mn

hnh ngi s dng.

3.6.2.3. Tng giao din(Presetation Layer ).

u cui, h thng giao tip vi ngi qun l thng qua cc trnh

duyt web thng dng nh: Internet Explorer, Fire fox, Safari Nh vo m

hnh tp trung v giao din u cui thng qua trnh duyt web nn vic trin

khai, m rng ng dng n gin v nhanh chng, d qun l v bo tr h

thng t tn thi gian nhn lc v chi ph.

68

3.6.3. Thit k c s d liu.

Cu trc CSDL ca h thng gim st nh trm BTS c t chc nh

sau:

3.6.3.1. S quan h thc th (Entity Relationship Diagram).

Hnh 3.22. S thc th h thng gim st nh trm BTS.

69

3.6.3.2. Thit k cc bng trong CSDL.

a. Bng USERS:

Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin chi tit ngi s dng

USERS

STT Tn trng Kiu d liu Null Data

Default

P

K

Ch thch

1. ID NUMBER(5,0) No null X M h thng

2. USERNAM

E

VARCHAR2(200 BYTE) No null Tn ng nhp

3. PASS VARCHAR2(255 BYTE) No null Mt khu ng nhp

4. BIRTHDAY DATE Yes null Ngy sinh

5. SEX NUMBER(1,0) No null Gii tnh

6. FULLNAM

E

VARCHAR2(255 BYTE) No null H tn

7. ADDRESS VARCHAR2(500 BYTE) Yes null a ch

8. TEL VARCHAR2(50 BYTE) Yes null in thoi

9. MOBILE VARCHAR2(50 BYTE) Yes null Di ng

10. FAX VARCHAR2(50 BYTE) Yes null S fax

11. LASS

LOGIN

DATE No null Ln truy nhp cui

Hnh 3.23. c t bng d liu USERS.

b. Bng STATION:

Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin v nh trm: Tn trm, a ch trm

STATION


Default

PK Ch

thch

1. ID NUMBER(10,0) No null X M trm

70

2. NAME VARCHAR2(100 BYTE) Yes null Tn trm

3. ADDRESS VARCHAR2(500 BYTE) Yes null a ch

trm

4. IP VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) No null a ch

IP ca

trm

Hnh 3.24. c t bng d liu STATION.

c. Bng ROLE:

Bng ny phn quyn ngi s dng cho bit ngi dng no c quyn

qun l cc nh trm no.

ROLE


Default

PK Ch thch

1. STATION_ID NUMBER(10,0) No null M trm

2. USER_ID NUMBER(5,0) Yes null M

ngi s

dng

Hnh 3.25. c t bng d liu ROLE.

71

d. Bng DEVICE_TYPE.

Bng ny thit k cc loi thit b m h thng s phi gim st, iu

khin.

DEVICE TYPE


Default

PK Ch

thch

1. ID VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) No null X M loi

thit b

2. TYPE VARCHAR2(200 BYTE) No null Loi

thit b

Hnh 3.26. c t bng d liu DEVICE_TYPE

e. Bng DEVICES.

Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin v thit b: Tn thit b, s serial, trng

thi thit b, loi thit b.

DEVICES


Default

PK Ch

thch

1. ID NUMBER(12,0) No null X M thit b

2. NAME VARCHAR2(100 BYTE) Yes null Tn thit b

3. SERIAL VARCHAR2(200 BYTE) Yes Null S serial

4. STATUS VARCHAR2(200 BYTE) Yes null Trng thi thit b

5. REMARK VARCHAR2(255 BYTE) Yes null Ghi ch

6. TYPE VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) Yes Null M loi thit b

Hnh 3.27. c t bng d liu DEVICES

72

f. Bng PARAMETER.

Bng ny cho bit mi loi thit b c cc thuc tnh, tham s v cc gi

tr mc nh ca n.

PARAMETER

ST

T

Tn trng Kiu d liu Nul

l

Dat

a

Def

ault

P

K

Ch

thch

1. DEVICE_TYPE VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) No null X Loi thit b

2. PARAMETER VARCHAR2(1000 BYTE) No null Thuc tnhtham s

3. VALUE VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) Yes null Gi tr

Hnh 3.28. c t bng d liu PARAMETER

g. Bng STATION_DEVICE.

Bng ny cho bit mi trm c thit b no.

STATION_DEVICE


Default

PK Ch

thch

1. STATION_ID NUMBER(10,0) No null M trm

2. DEVICE_ID NUMBER(12,0) No null M thit

b

Hnh 3.29. c t bng d liu STATION_DEVICE

73

h. Bng LOG_EVENT.

Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin xy ra ti trm.

LOG_EVENT


Default

PK Ch

thch

1. EVENT VARCHAR2(1000 BYTE) No null S

kin

2. TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(100 BYTE) No null Thi

im

xy

ra s

kin

3. DETAIL VARCHAR2(4000 BYTE) Yes null M

t chi

tit

Hnh 3.30. c t bng d liu LOG_EVENT

i. Bng ALARM.

Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin v ngng cnh bo ca h thng.

V d: nhit c ngng cnh bo l 10-40C. Khi h thng gim st

o c nhit trong nh trm c nhit thp hn 10C hoc cao hn 40C

th h thng s a cnh bo cho ngi qun l x l.

74

ALARM


Default

PK Ch

thch

1. TEMPERATURE_HIGH NUMBER(4,0) No null Cn trn

nhit

2. TEMPERATURE_LOW NUMBER(4,0) No null Cn di

nhit

3. HUMIDITY_HIGH NUMBER(4,0) No null Cn trn

m

4. DA_HIGH NUMBER(4,0) No null Cn trn

in p

5. DA_LOW NUMBER(4,0) No null Cn di

in p

6. DT_HIGH NUMBER(4,0) No null Cn trn

in th

7. DT_LOW NUMBER(4,0) No null Cn di

in th

Hnh 3.3.1. c t bng d liu ALARM

3.7. XY DNG V CI T.

3.7.1. Mi trng v cng c pht trin.

3.7.1.1. Tng quan v ngn ng lp trnh JAVA.

JAVA c to ra trc nm 1990 bi nhm cc nh pht trin ca Sun

Microsystem c nhim v phi vit phn mm h thng nhng vo cc sn

phm in t ca khch hng. H khc phc hn ch ca C++ to ra

ngn ng lp trnh JAVA.

Do c pht trin t C++ nn JAVA rt ging C++. Nhng JAVA l

ngn ng hng i tng hon ton, cn C++ l ngn ng a hng.

75

JAVA l ngn ng lp trnh mng v n hi t cc yu t sau:

- JAVA l ngn ng hng i tng ( object oriented

programming). Cc ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng c cc

modul c th thay i v c xc nh trc m ngi lp trnh

c th gi ra thc hin nhng nhim v c th. Trong JAVA

cc modul ny gi l cc lp (class) v chng c lu tr trong

th vin lp to nn c s ca b cng c pht trin JAVA

(JAVA development kit). Trong Java tt c cc hm v cc bin

u phi l thnh phn ca lp.

- n gin (simple): mc d da trn c s ca C++ nhng Java

c b cc tnh nng kh nht ca C++ lm cho ngn ng ny

d dng hn. Do vy vic o to mt lp trnh vin Java ngn

hn v Java tr nn thn thin vi ngi s dng hn. Trong Java

khng c cc con tr, khng h tr ton t Overloading, khng c

tin x l. Tt c mi i tng trong mt chng trnh Java u

c to trn heap bng ton t new chng khng bao gi c

to trn stack. Java cng l ngn ng gom rc (garbage collected

language), v vy n khng cn m tng new vi delete- mt

ngun b nh chung tht thot trong cc chng ca C++ .

Trong thc t khng c ton t delete trong Java.

- a lung (multitherd): C ngha l Java cho php xy dng cc

trnh ng dng trong nhiu qu trnh c th xy ra ng thi.

Tnh a lung cho php cc nh lp trnh c th bin son cc

phn mm p ng tt hn, tng tc hn v thc hin theo thi

gian thc.

- Java c lp vi cu trc my: y l thuc tnh c sc nht ca

Java. Ngha l Java khng ph thuc vo h my, cc ng dng

bng Java c th dng c trn hu ht mi my tnh.

76

C th ni Java l ngn ng lp trnh cho Web:

- Hiu mng: Java c vit ra hot ng trn mng v c cc

th tc c th qun l cc giao thc TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP. Ni

cch khc Java c xy dng hon ton tng thch trn

Internet.

- Java cho php to ra cc trang Web ng, cc ng dng nhng.

- An ton: c tnh an ton ca ngn ng lp trnh ny bt ngun

t vic n c nhng phn hn ch c ci t sn nhm

phng cc chng trnh Java thc hin cc chc nng ghi vo

cng hoc cho php virut xm nhp vo t mng.

3.7.1.2. Lp trnh Socket.

Socket l mt phng php thit lp kt ni truyn thng gia mt

chng trnh yu cu dch v (client) v mt chng trnh cung cp dch v

(server) trn mng LAN, WAN hay Internet v i lc l gia nhng qu trnh

ngay bn trong my tnh. Mi Socket c th coi nh mt im cui trong mt

kt ni. Mt Socket trn my yu cu dch v c a ch mng c cp sn

gi mt Socket trn my cung cp dch v. Mt khi socket c thit lp

ph hp, hai my tnh c th trao i dch v v d liu.

Theo kin ca mt s k s phn mm th Socket trong th gii lp

trnh my tnh cng tng t nh in thoi ngha l mi thit b c mt a

ch ring c th truyn thng 2 chiu.

Lp trnh vin dng cc nhn client v server phn bit gia my

tnh ang thc hin cuc gi v pha ang nhn cuc gi. Nhng my tnh c

Socket m bo tnh trng m ca cng truyn thng, sn sng nhn bt k

cuc gi n no d khng nh trc. Nhng my yu cu dch v thng

xc nh s hiu cng ca server mong mun bng cch tm n trong c s d

liu v Domain Name System.

77

C mt t thay i s xy ra pha server khi kt ni c hon tt: thay

v dng cng nguyn thu cho vic trao i, my ch s chuyn cuc i thoi

qua mt cng khc lin quan gii phng ng truyn chnh phng

trng hp c my khch khc mun yu cu dch v i vi my ch.

Vi s pht trin ca Web, socket vn tip tc ng vai tr quan trng

trong vic duy tr cc lung truyn thng trn Internet. Cc ng dng c lin

quan n Internet u vit lp bn trn Socket, v d Socket tch hp mt s

phn ca a ch Website, trnh duyt Web v cng ngh bo mt Secure

Socket Layer.

Tuy nhin cc lp trnh vin Web hin nay gn nh lun lun b ngn

cn to socket ring bng cch th cng. Cc socket thc s khng cn thit

i vi vic pht trin cc ng dng Web. D bn dng Java, serlet hay CGI,

PHP c th bn s khng bao gi m c cng mt cch tng minh. Cc

socket vn tn ti kt ni vi ngi dng vi ng dng Web, nhng cc chi

tit ca socket c n trong nhng lp su hn mi ngi khng phi

ng chm n.

Cc lp trnh vin c th trnh c nhng kh khn ca vic to socket

nh th vin lp cc th h mi, chng hn Microsoft Foundation Class

Socket. Lp Java.net.Socket l lp c dng rng ri trong vic to ra cc

socket pha yu cu dch v c lp h thng trong khi Java.net.Serversocket

c th xy dng mt socket sn sng cho vic nhn cc yu cu t my yu

cu dch v. Vi nhng cng c ny cc nh pht trin c th nhanh chng to

ra cc socket m khng phi sa ly trong cc chi tit lp trnh.

Mt chng trnh Socket bng Java:

Chng trnh c m t nh sau:

Server:

o Lng nghe v chp nhn kt ni t mt cng.

o Cho php nhiu Client kt ni n cng mt lc.

78

o Khi client gi n mt chui th:

Nhn chui.

X l chui.

o Gi mt chui ti client.

Client:

o Kt ni ti server qua cng m server ang lng nghe.

o Mt client ch kt ni ti mt server.

o Gi 1 chui n server.

o Nhn 1 chui t server.

X l chui.

3.7.1.3. H qun tr c s d liu Oracle.

H qun tr c s d liu Oracle c kh nng qun l c nhng C s

d liu rt ln vi an ton cao. Nu t h iu hnh th kh c th can thip

c vo CSDL bi v Oracle lun xem ton b c s d liu l file (c kch

thc kh ln). Vic qun l bn trong c s d liu s do Oracle Server m

nhn. Oracle Server bao gm 2 thnh phn chnh Oracle istance v Oracle

database.

3.7.2. La chn ngn ng lp trnh v h qun tr c s d liu.

Qua cc vn tng qut v ngn ng lp trnh Java v h qun tr c

s d liu Oracle trn,h thng c xy dng trn ngn ng lp trnh Java v

h qun tr CSDL Oracle:

a. Ngn ng lp trnh trn Application Service.

Java l ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng, n gin, a lung nn

thch hp dng xy dng ng dng cho php qun l nhiu lung d liu

cng lc gi n nh h thng gim st v iu khin nh trm BTS.

Ngoi ra Java cn l ngn ng lp trnh c lp vi ngn ng my nn

c th bin dch v chy chng trnh Java trn bt c h iu hnh no.

79

b. Ngn ng lp trnh trn Web Service.

Vit trn ngn ng lp trnh JSP v Java Applet.

c. H qun tr c s d liu :Oracle Database 10g Release 2.

H qun tr CSDL Oracle 10g l h qun tr d liu ln dn u trn th

trng qun tr CSDL. Oracle 10g p ng mi nhu cu lu tr, bo mt thng

tin ca doanh nghip vi cc c im sau:

Tnh sn sng cao (Hight Availability): vi cc cng ngh mi

nht hin nay. Oracle 10g m bo tnh sn sng cao nht i vi

d liu c lu tr trong CSDL.

Tnh bo mt (Security): d liu lu tr trong CSDL Oracle c

m bo s chnh xc, bo mt cao nht, mc bo mt c th

thit lp trn tng bn ghi.

Tnh m (Scalability).

Vi c tnh trn h qun tr Oracle 10g phin bn Enterprise rt

ph hp vi yu cu qun tr d liu ca h thng gim st nh

trm BTS.

3.7.3. Kt qu chng trnh.

3.7.3.1. Cc thnh phn ca chng trnh.

ng dng gim st v iu khin t xa nh trm thu pht sng di ng

BTS gm c 3 phn:

a. Application Services :

Cng vic ca Application Services c nhim v n nhn cc kt ni

t BTS v Web Client, gi nhn cc gi tin t nh trm BTS, t Web Client v

x l cc gi tin .

80

Hnh 3.32. Application Services

b. Web Services.

Nhn d liu t Application Services, hin th thng tin trng thi thit

b ln mn hnh cho ngi iu hnh, gi cc thng tin iu khin thit b cho

Application Services.

c. BTS.

ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm BTS. ng dng ny

nhn thng tin iu khin t Application Services v gi thng tin trng thi

thit b cho Application Services.

Hnh 3.33. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm -La chn trm m

phng

81

Hnh 3.34. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm -Thit lp IP v

cng kt ni ti my ch

Hnh 3.35..ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm M phng thit b

ti trm

82

3.7.3.2. Kt qu.

a. ng nhp h thng:

Hnh 3.36. Mn hnh ng nhp h thng

b. Theo di gim st thng tin thit b ti nh trm.

Sau khi ng nhp thnh cng, chng trnh s hin th danh sch cc

trm m ngi dng c php qun l, hin th trng thi kt ni n Server,

trng thi kt ni n nh trm BTS v hin th cc thit b trong trm

83

Hnh 3.37. Giao din chng trnh ngi dng sau khi ng nhp

Kt ni ti Server v BTS:

Ngi qun l nhp thng tin:

- Host: a ch my ch.

- Port: Cng my ch ang ch kt ni ti my ch.

Hnh 3.38. Hin th trng thi kt ni,trng thi thit b

84

Thng tin cnh bo.

V d: Nh trm BTS gi mt thng bo cnh bo c chy trong nh

trm.

Hnh 3.39. Nh trm BTS:gi cnh bo chy

Hnh 3.40. Mn hnh hin th cnh bo chy cho ngi qun l

85

c. iu khin thit b.

V d: tnh trng trm hin ti.

Hnh 3.41. Tnh trng trm hin ti

iu khin thit b nh sau:

- Ca:ON

- n :ON

- Qut thng gi:ON

- iu ho:

o Nhit :20C

o Fan:High

o Swing:Low

Ti trm BTS thng tin iu khin nhn c v tnh trng trm sau khi

iu khin c gi i.

86

Hnh 3.42. Nh trm nhn thng tin iu khin

Ni dung thng tin ti nh trm :

USER DIEU KHIEN: CUA RA VAO : ON

BTS SEND: 1:init:1:ON

USER DIEU KHIEN: QUAT THONG GIO : ON


USER DIEU KHIEN: DEN CHIEU SANG : ON


USER DIEU KHIEN: HOA : TEMP : 20

BTS SEND: 1:init:2:TEMP:20

USER DIEU KHIEN: DIEU HOA : FAN : High

BTS SEND: 1:init:2:FAN:High

USER DIEU KHIEN: DIEU HOA : SWING : Low

BTS SEND: 1:init:2:SWING:Low

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Hnh 3.43. Trng thi cc thit b sau khi iu khin

88

3.8. NG CU THNG TIN BTS.

Quy trnh ng cu thng tin trm BTS.

Lu ng cu thng tin nh trm BTS.

Cc bc thc hin ng cu thng tin:

Bc 1: Tip nhn thng tin:

Nhn vin trc nhn thng tin v s c t BSC, h iu hnh v n v

trc NOC thng bo cho ngi qun l trc tip. T chc hp nhanh xc

nh v tr trm no xy ra s c, thi gian b gin on thng tin, xc nh s

c xy ra.

Bc 2: Phn loi s c:

T cc thng tin xc nhn s c nhn c v mt s nguyn nhn c

th nghi ng, tin hnh phn loi s c chun b cc phng tin, vt t,

thit b ng Cu Thng Tin ph hp v quy nh trch nhim x l ca cc

n v.

C th phn loi s c nh sau :

- S c do chy n, thin tai.

- S c mt lung.

- S c mt in.

- S c lin quan n thit b RBS:Tx khng pht

Tip nhn thng tin

Phn loi s c

Chun b

Bo co

Tin hnh x l s c

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- S c hng hc thit b ph tr.

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