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Mobile Backhaul 101 The Basics of Mobile Backhaul using

Carrier Ethernet

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Market Dynamics Driving Changes in

Backhaul Networks

3 © Ciena

Mobile Subscribers Keep Growing

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Bil

lio

ns

CY06 CY07 CY08 CY09 CY10 CY11

Worldwide Mobile Subscribers

Source: Infonetics Research, March 2008

4 © Ciena

Mobile Backhaul Connections

Are Increasing Worldwide

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Co

nn

ec

tio

ns

(K

)

CY05 CY06 CY07 CY08 CY09 CY10

Calendar Year

New Connections Installed Connections

Source: Infonetics Research

5 © Ciena

Data Traffic Is Growing Rapidly

0

5

10

15

20

25

Mb

ps

CY05 CY06 CY07 CY08 CY09 CY10

Calendar Year

SONET/SDH PDH and ATM over PDH New Ethernet Wireline

Worldwide Average Bandwidth per Installed Connection (Mpbs)

Source: Infonetics Research

6 © Ciena

Data Dramatically Increases Traffic Load

Source: T-Mobile EuropeSource: T-Mobile Europe

T-Mobile adds HSDPA

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4G Mobile Networks Are Going Live

Source: Light Reading Backhaul Tracker, October 2009

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The 4G Marketplace

Major carriers committed to LTE include 39 LTE network commitments in 19 countries (Source: GSA)

LTE Rollouts 14 LTE networks anticipated to be in service by end 2010 (GSA)

31 LTE networks anticipated to be in service by end 2012 (GSA)

136 million subscribers expected by end 2014 (Pyramid Research May 2009)

$70 Billion service by 2014 (Source:Juniper Research)

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Causing an Even Greater Growth in Demand

Source: Light Reading Backhaul Tracker, October, 2009

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Cost is driving MNOs from TDM to Ethernet

Ethernet Provides Bandwidth at

Reduced Cost per Bit

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Ethernet Backhaul Technology Choices

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Ethernet Backhaul – Network Choices

Legacy Ethernet (No MEF compliance)

Carrier Class Ethernet (MEF compliance) 1. Connection-less Ethernet

802.1Q or 802.1ad or 802.1ah: VLANs

2. Connection Oriented Ethernet 802.1Qay (PBB-TE): VLANs

MPLS-TP: Traffic Engineered PWs over LSP

3. IP control plane based IP or MPLS VPNs IP VPN: Ethernet over L2TPv3 over IP

MPLS VPN: Ethernet PW or VLAN over LSP

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Backhaul Technology Comparison Key aspects Connectionless

Ethernet

IP VPNs MPLS MPLS-TP

(Work In Progress)

PBB/PBB-TE

Interoperability - Ethernet

MEF Ethernet UNI/ENNI

MEF Ethernet Services

Interoperability - other

MPLS NNI

ATM/FR/TDM/MPLS UNI

Transparency

Address & control protocols

Scalability

Network & Services

(Pt-Pt & MPt)

Reliability

50-100msec protection

Disjoint Working/Protect

paths

Manageability

Fault sectionalization

Service & Network OAM/PM

Deterministic Perf/QoS

Guaranteed rate,

latency/jitter/loss

Low CapEx and OpEx

Need IWF, dry Martini

L3

TBD

L2

FRR

1+1

Need IWF, dry Martini

Connection Oriented Ethernet

Need IWF (L2TP, GRE)

Need IWF (L2TP, GRE)

TBD

14 © Ciena

Meeting 4G Backhaul Requirements

OAM Carrier-class OAM (SONET-like)

Performance management

Protection mechanism support

QoS OAM & clock sync message delivery

High priority user traffic (VoIP, Video)

Managed traffic flows with multi-class QoS

Bandwidth

Management

Granular bandwidth control for better QoS management

Protection path management

Oversubscription for low priority traffic

Protection Rapid protection

Managed bandwidth and QoS on failover

Node and link diverse paths

Topology Support more cost-effective topologies

uWave, copper, fiber hybrid support

Reduced tower footprint

Provisioning and

Management

Minimize provisioning cost/effort/complexity

SONET-like simplicity

MAC address management

Transition and

Convergence

Co-existence with legacy networks during transition

Convergence with residential and enterprise packet transport

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Key 4G Objectives

Higher Speeds

– 100 Mbit/s peak downlink, 50 Mbit/s peak uplink

– Network MIMO and MBMS-Single Frequency Node (MBMS-SFN) requirements

– enable new applications

Lower Latencies

Less than 10 ms – enables high speed apps

Clock Synchronization

Phase and frequency clock synchronization

X2 Interface Support

Provide efficient delivery of tower to tower traffic

Backward Compatibility

Hand-over and roaming with existing GSM/EDGE/UMTS networks

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Ethernet Backhaul Solutions

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Solution: Example Ethernet Backhaul Architecture

Access Metro Edge Core

PE

P

P

ISP

National

MPLS PE

10Gig

Q-in-Q (Q)

PBB-TE (P)

H-VPLS (H)

10Gig

PBB-TE (P)

GigE (P)

Summary

Diverse path PBB-TE from every radio site

IEEE 802.1ag used throughout the network

Tiered resiliency solution for minimal impact to services

CIR/EIR per service and per tunnel

Advanced OAM features Y.1731, per service loop-backs, etc

Management for tunnel and service provisioning

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Solution Component: Accelerating Installation,

Provisioning and Upgrades – Reduced OPEX

Automation leads to 75% less installation & configuration time

with zero touch upgrades

Network

Servers

3

4

OPERATOR

2

ESM

1 NOC creates work order

Switch Installed with no configuration

required by field personnel

NOC pushes service profile to server

Ethernet switch self-configures

19 © Ciena

Solution Component: Performance Management

PBB-TE

BEB

PBB-TE

BEB

PBB-TE

BCBs

Connection Oriented Ethernet with Y.1731 Performance Management

• Performance Management between Tunnel Endpoints

• Provides Service Independent Tunnel Monitoring

• Enhanced Scalability: 1,000’s of services may traverse the tunnel without the need to monitor every service

• Leverages 802.1ag frames for reduced overhead

• Multiple packets sent at 100ms interval to perform the test

• Frame Delay / Frame Delay Variation / Loss Measurement

• 2-way Delay Roundtrip Measurement

• 1-way Delay Measurement (requires common time base)

• Single Ended Frame-Loss (MEP to MEP)

PRIMARY

BACKUP

Y.1731 Performance Management

Y.1731 ETH-LM PM

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Solution Component: Protection / Restoration

PBB-TE

BEB

PBB-TE

BEB

PBB-TE

BCBs

Connection Oriented Ethernet with 802.1ag CFM

• Single or Dual Homed

• Intelligent Tunnel Synchronization

• Tunnel Monitoring and Failure Detection

• 802.1ag CCMs (loss of 3 CCM indicates a fault)

• Rapid protection switching

• Optional automatic Reversion with configurable timers

• Configurable EtherTypes to facilitate vendor interoperability

802.3ah OAM – Physical Link

• Link Loopback

• Service Affecting

• Active or Passive per port config

• Errored frame seconds reported (Link Monitoring)

• Link based dying gasp reported (Fault Signaling)

• OAM Discovery

802.1ag CFM / Y.1731 Virtual Service

• Non Service Affecting

• Per VLAN/Tunnel MAC Ping (LoopBack)

• Per VLAN/Tunnel MAC Traceroute

• Per VLAN/Tunnel Continuity Check

• Constantly Checks Service State

• Reports Error if 3 CCMs are lost

• 10 msec to 10min intervals

• Maintenance End-Points & Intermediate-Points

• Y.1731 Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)

• Hierarchical Maintenance Domains (MD)

PRIMARY

BACKUP

802.1ag CFM Continuity Check Messages (CCM)

CCM ( + CCM.rdi from far-end MEP) (dual homed)

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Solution Component: Service Guarantees Explicit QoS per Tunnel per Service

2R/3C QoS Maximizes the Dynamic

Bandwidth of a Packet-based Network

EIR – Excess (Peak) Information Rate Bandwidth Up To the EIR is Used When

Available

Bandwidth Above the EIR is Dropped

CIR – Committed Information Rate Bandwidth Up To the CIR Is Guaranteed

Both Unicast and Multicast may have

EIR/CIR

Ingress QoS Two Rate/Three-Color Policing CIR/EIR, 64kbps-1Gbps, 64kbps

increments Classification Ingress Port Customer VID CoS 802.1p IP Precedence Diff Serve MPLS EXP (LE-311v)

Egress QoS Two Rate/Three-Color Shaping CIR/EIR, 64Kbps-8Gbps, 64Kbps

increments RED Congestion Management Strict and WFQ Scheduling Classification Ingress/Egress Port Service VID CoS 802.1p IP Precedence Diff Serve MPLS EXP (LE-311v)

22 © Ciena

Solution Component: Multiservice over Ethernet

TDM

(NxE1)

Ethernet

(10/100)

FE GE

2G BSC

(GSM or

CDMA)

3G RNC

(UMTS R5/R6 or

CDMA2000)

GSM BTS

- W-CDMA NodeB (R5/R6)

- CDMA2000 Node B

TDM

(Ch STM1 to

64kbps level)

ATM

(STM1)

Gigabit Ethernet/IP

Pseudowire

GE

ATM

(NxE1 IMA)

W-CDMA

Node B (R4/R99)

3G RNC

(UMTS R99)

Multiservice platforms built for TDM, ATM and Ethernet backhaul

Voice, Data & Video isolation achieved via

Individual Pseudowires

Individual VLANs

Flexible & Cost effective

Carrier grade & QoS/CoS aware

True Carrier Ethernet

Access Aggregation

23 © Ciena

Solution Component: Synchronization over a

Packet Network

NodeB

BTS

E1/T1 Ethernet

3G RNC

Ethernet

Packet Switched Network

E1 /T1

Gateway

There are multiple ways to synchronize an end device over a packet infrastructure RAN :

GPS synchronization system at the cell-site and the head-end site

Traditional Network Synchronization (BITS, Line, Sonet/SDH, etc) at each end

Differential timing over PSN using RTP - distribution at BSC/RNC with recovery at cell-site

Adaptive Clock Recovery (ACR) with recovery at the cell-site using jitter buffers and PLLs

G.8261 Synchronous Ethernet - Uses physical layer for accurate frequency distribution

IEEE 1588v2 – Time and frequency distribution using time-stamp information exchange

GPS Synchronization

Direct E1/T1 Circuit

Differential Timing

Adaptive Timing

IEEE-1588v2

Synchronous Ethernet

Aggregator

3G

2G 2G

BSC

Timing Distribution Mechanisms:

Source Recovery

4G eNB

3G NB

4G MME S-GW P-GW

Ethernet

24 © Ciena

Solution Component: Time Synchronization

Sync-E (G.8261) provides frequency sync only

sufficient for 2G/3G non-TDD radio technology

Sync-E requires all devices along the path from

GM to radio be capable

IEEE 1588v2 (G.8262) provides frequency and

phase sync

Ordinary Clock (OC) at cell sites

Transparent Clock (TC) deployed strategically

Boundary Clock (BC) for regen & scalability

1588v2 can traverse non-1588v2 aware L2/L3

switches

To meet LTE radio timing requirements Sync-E for

frequency, 1588v2 for phase alignment and

frequency

Access

Ring

Access

Ring

Transport

Ring

Access

Ring

Transport

Ring

BC

BC

TC

TC

TC

OC

TC

TC TC

OC

OC

TC

OC

Evolved

Packet

Core

1588v2

SyncE

25 © Ciena

Summary

• Increasing mobile traffic demands force a migration to packet backhaul

• Ethernet architectures meets technical requirements (if it includes all the appropriate components)

• Scalable bandwidth

• Automated management

• Performance management

• Resiliance

• QoS

• Timing

• Pseudowire technology provides a seamless migration strategy to LTE backhaul

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Thank You