mna mobile radio networks · tri-sectorial antenna system service area area coverage networks /...

Prof. Roberto Verdone

www.robertoverdone.org

Mobile Radio Networks Mobile Network Architectures

Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org

[email protected]

+39 051 20 93817

Office Hours:

Monday 4 – 6 pm

(upon prior agreement via email)

A.Y. 2018-19

Credits: 6

MNA

Slides are provided

as supporting tool,

they are not a textbook!



Outline

1. Steps From GSM to 4G

2. Cellular Networks

3. Network Architectures: Evolution From GSM to 4G

4. Mobility Management

5. Network Architectures: Evolution Towards 5G

This lecture block will provide the basic concepts related to

mobile radio network architectures and the way they manage

mobility of users.



1. Steps From GSM to 4G



years 2G 3G 4G 5G

‘90 ‘00 ‘10 ‘20

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

HSPA

HSPA+

LTE

LTE-Adv

LTE-Pro

5G

today

... 5G+

Steps From GSM to 4G



years 2G 3G 4G 5G

‘90 ‘00 ‘10 ‘20

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

HSPA

HSPA+

LTE

LTE-Adv

LTE-Pro

5G

today

... 5G+


Dawn of Digital Era of Mobile Communications

Advent of Radio Packet Switched Networks

Things

Evolved Packet Core



years 2G 3G 4G 5G

‘90 ‘00 ‘10 ‘20

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

HSPA

HSPA+

LTE

LTE-Adv

LTE-Pro

5G

today

... 5G+


U (theoretical) 500 Kbit/s 50 Mbit/s 4 Gbit/s > 100 Gbit/s

x 100 x 100 x 100

Latency 300 ms 100 ms 10 ms 1 ms




ETSI

Release GSM 96 97 98 Release

year 1990 1995 1997 1997 1998

2G

GSM Ph2+ GPRS EDGE Ph2




3GPP

Release 99 … 5 6 7 Release

year 1999 2002 2004 2006

3G

UMTS HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+




4G 3G

3GPP

Release 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Launchable

LTE

Bucket List

Items

Improvement

(Regulatory,

etc.)

Carrier

Aggregation,

CoMP, LIPA,

M2M, etc…

Improved

Performance

Carrier Aggr.

Improvement

IMS,

roaming,

P2P, etc.

WiFi, Small

Cell Impr.

Signaling opt.

SON, MDT,

adv.

Receiver

MIMO

Improv.

D2D, ProSe

3D/FD-MIMO

Indoor Pos.

Latency

Reduction

NB-IoT

Mission

Critical

Enhancem.

CV2X

Inter-band

CA

Release

year 2008 2009 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017



Steps From GSM to 4G: GSM

Modulation

GMSK

Access

FDD

F-TDMA: 8 slots/frame; 4.6 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 900 MHz, 1800 MHz

Ch. Bandwidth 200 KHz

Bit Rate 271 Kbit/s



Steps From GSM to 4G: 2.5G (Rel. 98)

Modulation

GMSK (GSM)

8-PSK (EDGE)

32-QAM (Evolved EDGE)

Access

FDD

F-TDMA: 8 slots/frame; 4.6 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 900 MHz, 1800 MHz

Ch. Bandwidth 200 KHz

Bit Rate 271 Kbit/s (GSM)

384 Kbit/s (Evolved EDGE)



Steps From GSM to 4G: UMTS (Rel. 99)

Modulation

DS-QPSK

Access

FDD

F-CDMA: 10 slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 2000 MHz

Ch. Bandwidth 5 MHz

Bit Rate up to 2 Mbit/s



Steps From GSM to 4G: 3G (Rel. 7)

Modulation

DS-QPSK (UMTS)

DS-64-QAM (HSPA+)

DS-64-QAM (Advanced HSPA+)

Access

FDD

F-CDMA: 10 slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 2000 MHz

Ch. Bandwidth 5 MHz

Bit Rate up to 2 Mbit/s (UMTS)

168 Mbit/s (Advanced HSPA+)



Steps From GSM to 4G: LTE (Rel. 8)

Modulation

OFDM with 16-QAM

Access

FDD

OF-TDMA: 20 mini-slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 800 MHz, 2.5 GHz

Ch. Bandwidth 5xn MHz n = 1, ... , 4

Bit Rate 300 Mbit/s



Steps From GSM to 4G: 4G (Rel. 14)

Modulation

OFDM with 16-QAM (LTE)

OFDM with 64-QAM (LTE-Advanced)

OFDM with 256-QAM (LTE-Pro)

Access

FDD

OF-TDMA: 20 mini-slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 800 MHz, 2.5 GHz

Ch. Bandwidth 5xn MHz n = 1, ... , 20

Bit Rate 300 Mbit/s (LTE)

3 Gbit/s (LTE-Pro)



Range [m]

Bit rate [Kbit/s]

1 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s

WAN

MAN

LAN

PAN

BAN

GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA

802.11a,b,g,n, ac, … 802.15.4, 4e

802.15.4a

3GPP

IEEE/IETF

UWB

5G

1 m

10 m

100 m

1 km

10 km

LTE LTE

Pro

Steps From GSM to 4G: 3GPP



When proprietary solutions are attractive instead of standards?

How do you think a standardisation body (like e.g. 3GPP) works?

Inquiry Based Session



2. Cellular Networks



Service Area

One base

per cell

with

omnidirect.

antenna

system

Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks

Handover




DL UL

2G:

FDD

3G:

FDD

4G:

FDD/TDD

Downlink and Uplink




FDD

Intra-cell interference is absent if orthogonal RUs are used




FDD

UL/UL or DL/DL Intra-cell interference with non-orthogonal RUs




FDD

UL/UL and DL/DL Inter-cell interference if reuse is implemented




UL

DL

TDD

UL/DL Inter-cell interference if transmissions are not synchronised




Small cells interference

FDD




Device-to-Device (D2D)



One site

(3 bases)

every 3 cells

with

tri-sectorial

antenna

system

Service Area




• Why tri-sectorial antenna systems are better?

• What are the pros and cons of having smaller cells?

Inquiry Based Session



3. Network Architectures:

Evolution From GSM to 4G



MS

MS

PSTN

Other MSCs

HLR, VLR,

AuIC, OMC, SMSC …

Network Architecture: 2G (GSM)

BTS

BTS

BSC RAN

Radio Access Network

BSC

MSC

Abis

A

Um

D

Core

Network



MS

MS

PSTN

Other MSCs

Network Architecture: 2.5G (Rel. 97)

BTS

BTS

BSC

MSC

GERAN


IP

Core

Network

Other GSNs

BSC

BSC

GSN

Gb

Abis

Um

A

Gs, Gr, …

D

Gi

HLR, VLR,

AuIC, OMC, SMSC …



User / Control Plane (Rel. 97)

IP GGSN SGSN

GSN

User Plane

Control Plane

Um Abis Gb Gn Gi

MS BTS BSC

BSS



Protocol Architecture (Rel. 97)

IP GGSN SGSN

Gb Gn Gi

L1 L1

MAC

RLC

LLC

SNDCP

IP

TRAN.

APP

MAC

RLC

LLC

SNDCP

IP

TRAN.

User Plane

L2

Um Abis

MS BTS BSC

BSS



Protocol Architecture (Rel. 97)

IP GGSN SGSN

Gb Gn Gi

L1 L1

LAPDm

RRC

MM

CM

LAPDm

RRC

RRC

Control Plane

L2

MM

L3

CM

Um Abis

MS BTS BSC

BSS



BSC

MS BTS

BTS MS

RNC

UE NodeB

NodeB UE

Other RNCs

Network Architecture: UMTS (Rel. 99)

PSTN

UTRAN


IP

BSC

RNC Core

Network

Uu

Iub

Iur Iu



UE eNodeB

eNodeB UE

Network Architecture: LTE (Rel. 8)

PSTN

IP

eUTRAN

Evolved

Core

Network


X2

S1-U

S1-MME

SAE GW

MME



User / Control Plane (Rel. 8)

IP SAE GW

MME

User Plane

Control Plane

UE eNodeB



4. Mobility Management



MSC

GSN

PSTN

IP

Core

Network

Mobility Management (Macro Level): HLR, VLR

HLR

VLR

eNodeB

eNodeB

UE

UE eNodeB

eNodeB

Area 1

Area 2



Mobility Management (Micro Level): Location Areas

LA1

LA2

UE



5. Network Architectures:

Evolution Towards 5G



Network Architecture: 5G

UE eNodeB

eNodeB UE

RRHs

BBU

PSTN

IP

Evolved

Core

Network UE eNodeB

eNodeB UE

eUTRAN



Mobile Radio Networks Mobile Network Architectures

MNA

Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org

mna mobile radio networks · tri-sectorial antenna system service area area coverage networks /...

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