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TRANSCRIPT
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Keynote Speech
IoT and 5G: Verticals and Network Architectures
Roberto Verdone
Radio Networks, DEI, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
IDESIO, IoT Strategist & Co-Founder
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Acknowledgements
• Telecom Italia
Antonio Manzalini, Fabio Luigi Bellifemine, Roberto De Bonis
• Radio Networks, Univ. of Bologna
Chiara Buratti, Danilo Abrignani, Stefan Mijovic, Andrea Stajkic, Riccardo Cavallari, Colian Giannini, Charles Katila, Luca Feltrin
• Stavros Toumpis, Athens Univ. of Econ. and Business
• Newcom / EuWIn partners
Sergio Palazzo, Giacomo Morabito, and others
• iDESIO srl
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Introduction
• 50 billion Things connected by 2020 (Cisco)
• 7 trillion Devices connected by 2020 (5G PPP)
• 5G claimed to be the main enabler for the IoT
Things 5G
Networks
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Introduction
Things 5G
Networks
Verticals
Radio Technologies
Network
Architectures
• 50 billion Things connected by 2020 (Cisco)
• 7 trillion Devices connected by 2020 (5G PPP)
• 5G claimed to be the main enabler for the IoT
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Outline
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Outline
• Conclusions
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Conclusions
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Conclusions
From the POV of Network Architectures there are three main IoT Application Categories:
1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with “zero latency” constraints
2) Delay Constrained IoT
3) Delay Tolerant IoT
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Conclusions
From the POV of Network Architectures there are three main IoT Application Categories:
1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with “zero latency” constraints
2) Delay Constrained IoT
3) Delay Tolerant IoT Larger Numbers
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Conclusions
1) Industrial and Automotive IoT:
the solution is in 5G networks We just need to wait
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Conclusions
2) Delay Constrained IoT:
the solution is already out there … We just need good business models and use the right technology option
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Conclusions
3) Delay Tolerant IoT:
the solution might be in the sky…
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Outline
• Conclusions
• Internet of Things and 5G
• IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
• Radio Technologies
• Network Architectures
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G
In addition ITU has agreed on the 5G timeline from standard and
regulatory perspective [2], which signaling the beginning of the 5G
standardization activity. 3GPP is the key 5G standard body, it started 5G
use case study item called SMART [9] and recently announced that a 5G RAN
workshop will be held in Sept 2015 [10].
While the consensus are emerging on requirements and use cases, the key technologies for 5G
are yet to be decided. 3GPP 5G RAN workshop will provide venue for such discussion. Within Huawei, the
5G research team has studies many promising technologies. The radio technology white paper [11] has been
published recently, providing an overview on several potential technologies. In this Journal, more technical
details related to these technologies will be discussed.
5G will have fundamental impact on the ICT
industrial transformation and human life. As to be
a key enabler of the future digital world, 5G is to
be an ultimate platform for a connected world to
enable new ways of innovation and collaboration
and to create new opportunities.
Mobile broadband will permeate all areas of
society in the future and the users would expect a
better blueprint for the networked world. Huawei
has proposed “Everything on Mobile, Everything
connected, Every funct ion virtualized” as the
future trend of telecoms, which is acknowledged
commonly.
Why we need 5G?1
Extracted from HIRP Journal, June 2015
A New Air Interface New Requirements A Software Defined Network
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G
Extracted from HIRP Journal, June 2015
Ultra Capacity x 1000 Ultra High Rate x 100 Ultra Low Latency ÷ 10 Massive Connectivity x 100 (x 1000 ?) Ultra Low Energy Consumption ÷ 1000
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G
Extracted from HIRP Journal, June 2015
Ultra Capacity x 1000 Ultra High Rate x 100 Ultra Low Latency ÷ 10 (< 1 ms) Massive Connectivity x 100 Ultra Low Energy Consumption ÷ 1000
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G
WSN
RFid M2M
Objects Machines
Sensors
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Objects equipped with RFid Tags:
• Identification • Passive • No computing capabilities
Internet of Things and 5G
Objects
RFid
ROM
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G
M2M
Embedded devices equipped with sensors:
• Sensing • Battery or energy grid • Some computing capabilities
WSN
Sensors
m
RAM
energy
sensor
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G
M2M
Machines
Machines equipped with sensors / actuators:
• Sensing & Actuation • Industrial Control • High computing capabilities
RAM
energy
sensor
mPC
actuator
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
The IoT intends to connect through the Internet, wirelessly,
unmanned devices
of very different nature, complexity and capabilities.
Internet of Things and 5G
WSN
RFid M2M
Objects Machines
Sensors
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G
WSN
RFid M2M
Objects Machines
Sensors
Things 5G
Networks
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Internet of Things and 5G Takeaway
One Size Does Not Fit All
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Application Areas of the early ages: • Smart Buildings • Smart Cities
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Application Areas of the early ages: • Smart Buildings • Smart Cities Energy Gas Water Surveillance Maintenance …
LC
LC
LC
Flat LC
BC Internet
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Application Areas of the early ages: • Smart Buildings • Smart Cities Public Lighting Energy Wastes Traffic Surveillance …
Monitoring and control
Internet
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
5G PPP IA
GSMA
IoT fora/projects
…
Many actors are currently looking into the crystal ball analysing and categorising IoT verticals and their business potentials:
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Zero Latency
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Delay Constrained
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Delay Tolerant
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT applications might even be categorised wrt node mobility
- Static Things - Nomadic Things - Mobile Things
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Takeaway
Most IoT applications will require non-zero latency
and will actually tolerate significant delays
Most Things will be static or nomadic, unlike mobile Internet devices (smartphones, etc.)
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Radio Technologies
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Radio Technologies
Traditional options:
• 802.15.4 / Zigbee • 802.15.4 / 6lowPAN • WiFi • GPRS • 3G / 4G • … many others (WMBUS, BT-LE, etc)
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Radio Technologies
Most successful ones:
• 802.15.4 / Zigbee • 802.15.4 / 6lowPAN Short Range Low Rate Low Power
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Radio Technologies
Emerging options:
• LoRA • SIGFOX • … Long Range Low Rate Low Power
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Radio Technologies
Future options: Cellular Based Low Power
NB-IOT • NB-GSM • NB-LTE • NB-CIOT
EC-GSM (Enhanced Coverage)
a.k.a. MTC
Based on LTE Based on 2G New Interface
LTE Cat.0
3GPP: Rel. 12
LTE-M 3GPP: Rel. 13
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Radio Technologies Takeaway
About 20 options within two years
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G
C
C
IP Capillary
Traditional WSN
Network Architectures / Traditional Options
G
R
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G
C
C
IP Capillary
Traditional WSN
Network Architectures / Emerging Options
G
R
LoRa C G
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G
C
C
Cellular
IP Capillary
Traditional WSN
Network Architectures / Cellular
G
R
LoRa C G
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G
C
C
Cellular
IP Capillary
Traditional WSN
Network Architectures / DTN
G
R
G Delay Tolerant Networking
LoRa C G
R R
R
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
C
C
Cellular
IP Capillary
Traditional WSN
Network Architectures
G
R
Delay Tolerant Networking
LoRa C G
R R
R
Latency
1 ms
10 ms
1 s
> 10 s G
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
C
C
IP Capillary
Traditional WSN
Network Architectures
G
R
Delay Tolerant Networking
LoRa C G
R R
R
Zero Latency Applications
G
Latency
1 ms
10 ms
1 s
> 10 s
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
C
C
Network Architectures
G
R
Delay Tolerant Networking
C G
R R
R
Zero Latency Applications
Delay Constrained Applications
Delay Constrained Applications
Delay Constrained Applications
G
Latency
1 ms
10 ms
1 s
> 10 s
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
C
C
Network Architectures
G
R
C G
R R
R
Zero Latency Applications
Delay Constrained Applications
Delay Constrained Applications
Delay Constrained Applications
Delay Tolerant Applications G
Latency
1 ms
10 ms
1 s
> 10 s
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / Traditional Options
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G
C
C
Network Architectures / Traditional Options
G
R IP Capillary
Traditional WSN
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / Traditional Options 1
End-to-End Throughput of Ad Hoc Multi-Hop
Networks Through Path Level Markov Chains
Chiara Buratti, DEI, University of Bologna, Italy
Email: [email protected]
Roberto Verdone, DEI, University of Bologna, Italy
Email: [email protected]
Corresponding Author Address:
Chiara Buratti
V.le Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY
Tel: +39-0512093147 e-mail: [email protected]
Chiara Buratti, Roberto Verdone
11
I,R,..,R T1(0),R,..,R
B1,1(0),R,..,R B1,W-1
(0),R,..,R ….. 1 1
…..
T2(0),R,..,R
B2,1(0),R,..,R B2,W-1
(0),R,..,R ….. 1 1
…..
Trmax+1(0),R,..,R …….
1
1
I, T1(1),..,R
I, B1,1(1),..,R I,B1,W-1
(1),..,R ….. 1 1
…..
I, T2(1),..,R
I,B2,1(1),..,R I,B2,W-1
(1),..,R ….. 1 1
…..
I,Trmax+1(1),..,R
I,R,..,T1(n)
I,R,..,B1,1(n) I,R,..,B1,W-1
(n) ….. 1 1
…..
I,R,..,T2(n)
I,R,..,B2,1(n) I,R,..,B2,W-1
(n) ….. 1 1
…..
I,R,..,Trmax+1(n)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….……………………………...
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
…….
…….
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Fig. 2. The PLMC for the n-relay network when using up to r m a x retransmissions. Ideal acknowledgement.
By solving the above system we can derive the following state probabilities:
πI = 11+ p ξ
πT
( j )
i
= p1+ p ξ
pjS (1− pS) i− 1 · r max
l= 0(1− pS) l jfor i ∈ { 1, .., rmax + 1} and j ∈ { 0, .., n}
πB
( j )
i , k
= p1+ p ξ
W − kW
(1− pS) i pjS ·
r max
l= 0(1− pS) l jfor i ∈ { 1, .., rmax} , j ∈ { 0, .., n} ,
and k ∈ { 1, .., W − 1}
(10)
where
ξ =
r max
l= 0
(1 − pS) l +1
2(W − 1)
r max
l= 1
(1 − pS) l ·
n
m= 0
pmS
r max
l= 0
(1− pS) l
m
(11)
In Appendix A the example of Figure 3 is considered, and state probabilities derived.
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G
C
C
Network Architectures / Traditional Options
G
R Delay Constrained Applications
Delay Constrained Applications
How to keep latency under control?
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Full separation Distributed Control
5G
C
C
Network Architectures / Traditional Options
G
R Delay Constrained Applications
Delay Constrained Applications
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G C
Network Architectures / SDWN
G
Controller Centralised control
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G C
Network Architectures / SDWN
G
Static Things
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / SDWN
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 hop 2 hop 3 hop
Average RTT [ms]
SDWN
Zigbee
6LowPAN
20 Bytes payload
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / SDWN
One Hop Two hops
SDWN 2.5 5.5
Zigbee 6.5 11.5
6LowPAN 10.5 16.5
Overhead
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G C
Network Architectures / SDWN
G
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
5G C
Network Architectures / SDWN
G
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
BBU
BBU
RRH controller
Cloud RAN SDN: Centralised control
Network Architectures / SDWN
5G
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
BBU
BBU
Nomadic Things
Network Architectures / SDWN
C G
controller
5G
C G
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / DTN
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / DTN
5G
G R
R R Delay Tolerant
Networking
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / DTN
5G
G R
R R Delay Tolerant
Applications
What Kind of Roaming Router / Gateway?
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / DTN
5G
G R
R R Delay Tolerant
Applications
What Kind of Roaming Router / Gateway? In the city centre of Bologna 60% of buildings can be connected to any other within 4 hours exploiting pedestrian and bus mobility and their WiFi.
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / DTN
Ardito Desio
Ground
Air
Infrastructure
Data
User
Rural Areas Maritime Areas Mountain Areas Precision Agriculture …
www.idesio.com
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / DTN Care …
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / DTN
The solution might be in the sky In the city centre of Bologna there are 1000 pigeons per sqKm
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures / DTN
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Network Architectures Takeaway
SDWN can efficiently reduce latency for Delay Constrained Applications
with Static or Nomadic Things
DTN can be applied for Delay Tolerant Applications
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
Conclusions
From the POV of Network Architectures there are three main IoT Application Categories:
1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with “zero latency” constraints 5G
2) Delay Constrained IoT SDWN
3) Delay Tolerant IoT DTN
Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016
IoT and 5G: Verticals and Network Architectures
Roberto Verdone
Thank you