J. LeonardDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology

January 13th, 2010

MIT Center for Ocean Engineering

My Background

Education:University of Pennsylvania, BSEE (1987) University of Oxford, DPhil (1991) [PhD in Mobile Robotics]

History of MIT Positions:MIT Sea Grant AUV Lab 1991-1996Dept. of Ocean Engineering 1996-2004 Dept of Mechanical Engineering in 2005-presentComputer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

Current Responsibilities: Area Head for Ocean Science and EngineeringDirector, Ford-MIT Alliance

Research Interests: Mapping, Navigation, and Control of Autonomous Marine VehiclesMobile Sensor Networks

Instructions

For Panels 1 and 3, each panelist is asked to deliver a 10 minute presentation from the perspective of the panelist's institution that addresses the following topics as relevant for the institution:

a. Summarize the state of research at your institution. For educational institutions, please describe your educational programs that are related to naval engineering.

b. Identify key activities at your institution in naval engineering and related fields such as ship design tools, ship structural materials, hydrodynamics, advanced hull design, ship propulsion, ship automation, computational fluid dynamics, ship construction, electrical engineering, acoustics, ordinance engineering, and systems engineering and integration.

c. Identify key opportunities for the United States to make fundamental leaps in naval engineering.

d. Identify advances in naval engineering research and educationrealized since the initiation of the ONR National Naval Responsibility for Naval Engineering.

MIT Center for Ocean Engineering Faculty

Baggeroer Chryssostomidis Gooding Hover Leonard Lermusiaux

Makris Marcus Milgram Patrikalakis Schmidt Sclavounos

Techet Triantafyllou Vandiver Welsh Wierzbicki Yue

Research Activities

Sensing, Robotics, & ControlSensors

Signal ProcessingAutonomy

Complex Marine Systems

Chryssostomidis

Triantafyllou

Vandiver

Baggeroer

Patrikalakis

Leonard

WelshWierzbicki

Milgram

Yue

Marcus

Vehicles and PlatformsMechanics

Design

SclavounosGooding

Schmidt

Makris

TechetLermusiaux

Hover LeebAsada

Frey

Peacock

Slotine

ParksEnergyExploration

Ocean EnvironmentHydrodynamics

Acoustics

Research Activities

Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering

Offshore Engineering

Ocean Observation Systems, Sensors, and Acoustics

Autonomous Marine Systems

Ocean Energy

Research Activities

Naval Architecture and Marine EngineeringComputational Hydrodynamics for Advanced Ship designIntegrated Electric Power Systems

Offshore Engineering

Ocean Observation Systems, Sensors, and Acoustics

Autonomous Marine SystemsAutonomy for Unmanned Marine Vehicle Networks

Ocean Energy

Computational Hydrodynamics for Advanced Ship Design

Ocean environment input for ship design, analysis, and operation by direct phase-resolved nonlinear wave simulations (Yue, Liu)

Phase-resolved evolution of nonlinear wave spectraNonlinear wave-field input for ship motion analysis Phased-resolved wave-field prediction based on wave-atmosphere sensing for optimal ship operation/maneuveringPrediction of rogue waves

Fully-nonlinear wave-body interactions by potential-flow high-order panel method (Liu)

Large-amplitude motions and loads on shipsThree-dimensional wave impact and ship slammingFlapping foils and appendages

Simulation of violent free-surface flows by level-set VOF CFD (Yue)Transom sternBow breaking waves Spray resistanceBubble entrainment

Coupling of hydrodynamic simulations (e.g. SWAN) with optimal control theory for seakeeping and fuel efficiency (Sclavounos)

Phase-Resolved Prediction of Nonlinear Ocean Waves

Domain: 30km × 30kmEvolution time: 0.5hour

Irregular short-crested wave-field, sea-state ~8 (Tp = 12s, Hs = 12m)

Computing platform: Cray T3E with 256 processors Simulation time: 100 hours

Objective:Obtain realistic ocean wave

conditions for design and performance analysis of ships

Approach: Direct large-scale phase-

resolved computation of nonlinear wave-field evolution

Dick KP Yue

Yuming Liu

CFD Computations of Violent Free-Surface Flows (Yue and Liu)

Spray by a moving thin foilFr=3.75

Bubble generation and entrainment behind a moving rectangular block, Fr =3.0 Extracted 3D bubble cloud

Heaving sphere

Research Activities

Naval Architecture and Marine EngineeringComputational Hydrodynamics for Advanced Ship designIntegrated Electric Power Systems

Offshore Engineering

Ocean Observation Systems, Sensors, and Acoustics

Autonomous Marine SystemsAutonomy for Unmanned Marine Vehicle Networks

Ocean Energy

Electric Ship Intellectual Challenges:Designs need to be robust, i.e. maintain functionality through abroad class of (failure) scenarios.Testing detailed models is computationally expensive, maybe prohibitive.

Uncertainty analysis typically characterizes highly realized designs.Vast design space: too large to search through even using simulation based evaluation.

Need to establish robustness to failures early in the design processGuiding principle for creation of robust design tools (Hover):

Network theory can inform the early design of the electric ship. It can generate robust topologies, and guide additions to a substrate design.

Integrated Electric Power Systems (Hover, Chryssostomidis, Leeb)

Research Activities

Naval Architecture and Marine EngineeringComputational Hydrodynamics for Advanced Ship designIntegrated Electric Power Systems

Offshore Engineering

Ocean Observation Systems, Sensors, and Acoustics

Autonomous Marine SystemsAutonomy for Unmanned Marine Vehicle Networks

Ocean Energy

AdaptiveBehavior

CooperativeBehavior

Acoustic sensingUncertainty

Uncertain Communication

Self-navigatingNetwork

Uncertain,Unknown Environment

No maps

Net-centric, Distributed Autonomous Sensing Systems

Platform-centric Sensing Systems AOSN

Ocean Sensing SystemsParadigm Shift Schmidt, Leonard

Autonomy for Unmanned Marine Vehicles

Laboratory for Autonomous Marine Sensing (Schmidt)

MissionDevelop integrated sensing, modeling and control concepts for autonomous, distributed observation and monitoring

ApproachPortable hardware and software autonomy architecture for hybrid sensing networksRobust, behavior-based decision-making for operation using low-bandwidth, intermittent acoustic communication channelsExploitation of environmental variability

ToolsSimulation environment with high-fidelity environmental ocean and acoustic environmental modelingExtensive field demonstration experiments

Portable MOOS-IvP Payload Autonomy

Intelligent AutonomyIntegrated Sensing, Modeling and Control

TacticalAdaptation

EnvironmentalAdaptation

Modeling

Collaboration

IVER-2

Unified C2 Infrastructure

IVER-2

REMUS 100 Bluefin 9/21 REMUS 600

OEX

SCOUT ASCWHOIGW

Future Challenges and Opportunities in Naval Engineering

Computational tools and capabilities for new generation naval ship hulls and operations

Capsizing prediction of advanced hulls Wave impact and slamming loads Understanding and prediction of signatures

Computer-aided design toolsIntegrated, total ship systems"Systems of systems" engineering

Energy efficiency and flexibilityIntegrated electric drive/propulsion systemReduced emissionsReduced reliance on hydrocarbons (eliminate need for hydrocarbons?)

Ever-increasing electrical power demandAdvanced weapons, launchers, and sensorsEnergy storage, power management, stability, thermal management

Integration of manned and unmanned systemsRobust autonomyNew platforms capable of deploying/controlling large numbers of UUVs

Early stage designCost (design for affordability)

Distributed networks

Education

The 2N Program: Graduate Education in Naval Architecture for US Navy Engineering Duty Officers

2N Naval Construction and Engineering ProgramObjectives

Broad graduate technical education for US Navy, US Coast Guard, and foreign naval officers (professional Naval Engineers) Ship Design – A continuum of courses leading to year-long total ship design projectTechnical area concentration - A specific thesis area, e.g., hydrodynamics, structures, acoustics, powering, etc.

GraduatesPrepared to direct large-scale ship system programsFuture leaders in ship concept formulation, design, acquisition,construction, modernization, maintenance, and industrial support

In 2.016, we take an experimental approach to Hydrodynamics, presenting the material using in-class demonstrations and activities. The course is grounded in real-world physical problems, spanning mechanical,

civil, and ocean engineering.

Topics include: naval architecture, potential flow, added mass, waves, dynamics of floating bodies,

viscous flow, vortex induced vibrations, ship resistance and model testing, hydrofoils, propellers, and

geophysical fluid dynamics.

2.016 Hydrodynamics2.016 HydrodynamicsProf. Alexandra Techet

http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Mechanical-Engineering/2-016Fall-2005/CourseHome/

Learn by doing:• Hands-on laboratories.• In-class demonstrations.• Experiment in 3 MIT labs.

Learn experimental techniques:• Flow visualization• Scale-model testing• Matlab simulation

2OE Undergraduate Degree

Outreach: Recruiting the Next Generation of Naval Architects

MIT 2.00A/16.00AJ Fundamentals of Engineering 

Design

AcknowledgementsONR Program Managers:

Hydrodynamics/National Naval Responsibility/Electric Ship Al Tucker, Sharon Beerman-Curtin, Kelly Cooper, Terry Ericsen, Patrick Purtell, Theresa McMullen, Steven Russell, Promode Bandyopadhyay, Omar Irizarry, David Johnson

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles:Tom Swean, Tom Curtin, Terri Paluskiewicz, Dan Dietz, James Valentine, Marc Steinberg

Acoustics and Signal ProcessingEllen Livingston, Bob Headrick, Kevin Williams, Kerry Commander, John Tague, Jeff Simmen

Oceanography and Data AssimilationScott Harper, Terri Paluskiewicz, Linwood Vincent, Steven Ackleson, Manuel Fiadeiro, Steve Murray, Louis Goodman

StructuresRoshdy Barsoum, Luise Couchman

Coastal GeosciencesTom Drake

Backups (if time permits)

Research Impact of the National Naval Responsibility Program

MIT Electric Ship Research ContributionsDevelopment of early-stage design tools that include physics-based modeling and simulationNew paradigms of ship design using zonal approachElectrical distribution

fault detection and isolationbus stabilitycontrol systemspower electronics design

Thermal loadmodelingcooling

Hydrodynamic and ship stability impactsThorough, indicative metrics for tradeoff studies

Electric Ship Educational Contributions:zonal design for systems

electrical distribution, firemain, chill water, ventilationimpact of specific system design on overall ship design

structure, hullform, electrical distribution, cooling, control, etc.

electrical plant alternatives and designmetrics development and applicationperformance and analysis of tradeoff studies of various ship architecturesmodeling philosophies, simulation and verificationuncertainty modeling and analysis

Educational Impact of the National Naval Responsibility Program