mirdif-health and safety at work slides

8/12/2019 Mirdif-health and Safety at Work Slides

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NEBOSH

INTERNATIONALGENERAL

CERTIFICATE


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ELEMENT 1

THE FOUNDATIONS OF

HEALTH & SAFETY


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BASIC DEFINITONS HEALTH: The protection of

the bodies & minds of

people from illness

resulting materials

processes or proceduresused in the workplace

WHAT IS !!"#ATI$A%

I%%H'A%TH(

SAFETY: The protection of

people from ph)sical in*ur)


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ACCIDENT

unplanned,

unwanted e-ent that

results in loss. OCCUPATINAL

ACCIDENT

accident arising as

result of or during work

resulting in occupational

loss.

BASIC DEFINITONS


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COMMUTING ACCIDENT

Occupational accident occurrin! on the direct wa) between the place of work and the

emplo)ee0s residence

the place of work & the place where emplo)ees take

their meals or an) other known work related destination.

NEA" ACCIDENT!

# "nplanned, unwanted e-ent that under slightl)different conditions could ha-e resulted in loss.


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HA$A"D!an)thing with the

potential to cause harm.

!AT'34I5' HA5A46S

734"# 6IS!"SSI$8 "IS%!In the conte9t of HS',

risk is defined as a measure

of the probabilit) for an

incident to happen and of the

potential se-erit) of theconseuences. 7;S

HSAS 18

Danerou& occurrence:

something happens which

does not result in a reportable

in*ur), but which clearl) could

ha-e done 7refer to 4I664

& discuss8.

Se-erit)

#robabilit)


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Ho'e(er) t*ere are &o+e po'er,ul

incenti(e& ,or orani-ation& to 'or.on ac*ie(in *i* OHS &tandard&!

MORAL(protect peoplefrom injury & illhealth)

ECONOMIC(cost effectiveobjectives'achievement)

LEGAL(legalcompliance &avoidance of law

suites)


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Source& o, In,or+ation

Internal

4isk assessments#olicies

Inspection reports

@edical records

Health and safet) committees

#lant registers

Safet) ad-isors

E/ternal3o-ernment bodies

$ational safet) organisations

Suppliers and manufacturersInternational standards

!onsultants and specialists

Insurance companies


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Bene,it& o, Good Healt* and

Sa,et0 PracticeIncreased le-els of compliance

Impro-ed production

Impro-ed staff morale

Impro-ed compan) reputation

4educed accidents

4educed ill health

4educed damage to euipment

4educed staff complaints

4educed staff turno-er

4educed insurance premiums

4educed fines and compensation claims


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INTE"NATIONAL STANDA"DS

1 OHS "ESOU"CES The International %abor rganiBation

I% is affiliated to the "$

ccupational Safet) & HealthAdministration SHA in the "S

International Standards rganiBationIS publishes international standards

;S HSAS 1

Cccupational Health & Safet)Assessment SeriesC ;SI

HS3 ?, 2==+: CSuccessful Health &Safet) @anagement S)stems


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Propo&ed E/ternal Source& o, in,or+ation on OHS!

$ational Safet) rganiBations e.g. ISH Institution of ccupational Safet) & Health #rofessional !onsultants and !onsultanc) bodies e.g. @irdif Securit) & Safet)

Workers "nions & 3o-ernmental sources of laws & 4egulations. Suppliers and @anufacturers. Internet:The SHA website: www.osha.go-$ational Institute of ccupational Safet) & Health "SA: www.cdc.go-DnioshThe ISH website: www.iosh.co.uk

The ;ritish Safet) !ouncil website: www.bscawards.orgThe I% website: www.ilo.orgThe Health & Safet) '9ecuti-e "E website: www.hse.go-.ukThe 'uropean Agenc) for Safet) & Health at Work: http:DDhwi.osha.europa.eu

Propo&ed Internal Source& o, In,or+ation on OHS!

#olicies & Internal Standards HS meeting minutes & recommendationsAuditsDinspections0 reports 4isk 4egisters & 4isk Assessments Incidents0 records & accidents in-estigation reports
http://www.osha.gov/http://www.cdc.gov/nioshhttp://www.iosh.co.uk/http://www.bscawards.org/http://www.ilo.org/http://www.hse.gov.uk/http://hwi.osha.europa.eu/http://hwi.osha.europa.eu/http://www.hse.gov.uk/http://www.ilo.org/http://www.bscawards.org/http://www.iosh.co.uk/http://www.cdc.gov/nioshhttp://www.osha.gov/


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afety Managementystems

ISO 9001

ISO

14001

Plan

DoCheck

Act

Step 1

Establish

standards for

health & safety

management

based on riskassessment and

legal requirements

Step 2

Implement

plans to ahie!e

ob"eti!es and

standards

Step 4

#e!ie$ against

ob"eti!es and

standards and

take appropriate

ation

Step %

easure

progress $ith

plans and

ompliane $ith

standards' (

)*Plan D

o

Chec

k

Act


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SUCCESSFUL OHS MS

1.#%I!F2.43A$I5ATI$

+.#%A$$I$3 &I@#%'@'$TATI$

/.@'AS"4I$3#'4G4@A$!'

.4'I'W & A"6ITS

76IS!"SS I$ 34"# A!TIITF8


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HSG23 Sa,et0 Manae+ent S0&te+&

*oliy

Organisation*lanning and

implementingeasuring

performane#e!ie$ing

performane

'uditing

#

#

@

4

A


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ILO-OSH, 2001 (ILO)

*oliy

Organising

*lanning &

implementationE!aluation

'tion forimpro!ement'udit

Continual

improement

Continual

improement

Polic0

Orani&in

Plannin andI+ple+entation

E(aluation

Action ,ori+pro(e+ent


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OHSAS 1!001, 200"

(#SI)T*e ele+ent& o, t*e &0&te+ are!

45 OH1S Polic065 Plannin

75 I+ple+entation and operation

85 C*ec.in and correcti(e action

35 Manae+ent re(ie'


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ELEMENT 2

THE RESPONSIBILITYFOR HEALTH AND

SAFETY


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O"GANI$ATIONAL

ST"UCTU"E"OLES 1"ESPONSIBILITIES!

6irectors & seniormanagers

Super-isors

Safet) ad-isers

Specialists

'mplo)ees


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E9TE"NAL "OLES 1

"ESPONSIBILITIES

#'4S$S I$ !$T4%

G TH' #4'@IS'S

S'%G '@#%F'6

S"##%F !HAI$ suppliers,

designers & manufacturers

I$T !!"#ATI$ G

#4'@IS'S A$6


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CONT"ACTO"S

J 'mplo)ers are responsible forprotecting people Kincluding

contractors & subcontractors

from harm caused b) work

acti-ities.

J !ontractors ha-e a well

established & implemented

HS management s)stem.

J !ontractors ha-e a histor) &

e9perience in the field.


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CONT"ACTO"S

Top contractor managementdemonstrates commitment to

HS.

!ontractors can pro-e

competenc) of their personnel.

!ontractors are monitoring

different E#I LsM accident rates,

ill health dataNetc.

What else(O


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Client& dutie& to '*en 'or. :ein done :0

Contractor&

J To consider the risks to their own emplo)ees from the workJ The risks to the !ontractors emplo)ees from the !lients acti-itiesJ 4isks to the public and others from the work

Contractor& dutie&

J To consider the risks to their own emplo)ees from the workJ The risks to the clients emplo)ees from their acti-ities

J 4isks to the public and others from the workJ To follow clients rules and procedures


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Manae+ent o, Contractor&J Select a suitable contractorJ

#lanning the *obJ !ontrolling contractors on siteJ !hecking contractors workJ 4e-iew contractors performance

Selectin a &uita:le ContractorJ '9perience of the t)pe of work and industr)J Suitable referencesJ 'nforcement recordJ Safet) management such as #olic), risk assessments etc.J Accident and illhealth data

J @embership of tradeDprofessional bodiesJ !ompetence and training of emplo)eesJ Arrangements for selection of subcontractorsJ Arrangement for ongoing liaison with clients


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"OLES OF SAFETY AD;ISE"

INTE"NALLY!J @ust be competent well trained,

ualified, e9perienced with apositi-e attitude.

J @ust be able to ad-ise

management& emplo)ees withauthorit) & independence oncreating & maintaining HS @S,promoting HS culture, HSplanning & performance re-iews& Audits.

J !ontribute acti-el) in de-eloping& maintaining procedures toensure reporting, in-estigating,recording & anal)Bing accidents& incidents.


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"e&pon&i:ilitie& o, Sa,et0 Ad(i&or&J ;e properl) trained and ualifiedJ @aintain adeuate information s)stemsJ ;e able to interpret the law appl)ing to their

organisationJ 'stablish and maintain procedures for

reporting, in-estigating, recording and

anal)sing accidents and incidentsJ ;e able to present their ad-ice effecti-el)


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Dutie& o, E+plo0er&!

Safe plant a& s)stems of work Safe place of work, access & egress

#ro-ision of I T I S 7discuss8

A written HS polic) with organiBational & other

arrangements !onsultation with emplo)ees and safet)

representati-es

Safe working en-ironment with Welfare facilities

"ndertake suitable & sufficient 4isk Assessments

& implement adeuate control measures


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Dutie& o, E+plo0ee&! "se an) euipment or substance in accordance with

an) training or instruction gi-en b) the emplo)er. Show reasonable care towards themsel-es & others

affected b) their acti-ities.

!ooperate with emplo)ers assisting them to fulfill

their legal duties. $ot to break HS regulations deliberatel).

4eport to the emplo)er an) serious or imminent

danger.

4eport an) shortcomings in the emplo)er0s

protecti-e HS arrangements


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E9TE"NALLY! coordinate with:

'9ternal !onsultants &

professional bodies.

HS' Authorities & Girebrigades.

#olice & Ambulance.

Insurance companies &contractors.

!lients, customers & suppliers.

"OLES OF SAFETY AD;ISE"


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OHS CONSULTATION


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1 out&ide t*e orani-ation!

!oordination with:

'9ternal !onsultants & professional bodies.

HS' Authorities & Gire brigades.

#olice & Ambulance.

Insurance companies & contractors.

@edia & #ublic.

!lients, customers & suppliers


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Function& o, Sa,et0 "epre&entati(e!

4epresent emplo)ees in HS consultation with

emplo)er. In-estigating Incidents. !arr) out risk Assessments & plan Adeuate controls. %ook into emplo)ees0 issues & complaints relating to

HS. Attend safet) !ommittee &Dor %oss #re-ention Team

meetings. Assist in Audits & scheduled inspection follow up on

correcti-e actions.

#lan & super-ise HS awards programs. 4aise the workforce awareness of HS issues & help

promote a positi-e HS !ulture.


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T*e rea&on& a per&on +a0 ,ail to co+pl0

'it* a &a,et0 procedure alt*ou* t*e0

are co+petent are co+ple/ :ut +a0include!

%ack of moti-ation

"nrealistic working procedures

%ack of management commitment -er familiarisation with the task

4epetiti-e work leading to boredom

#eer group pressure

Wilful disregard of laid down proceduresDsuper-ision Gatigue and stress

%ack of information, consultation

ob insecurit)


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"ea&on& to in(e&tiate accident&J #re-ent future accidents b) identif)ing and

eliminating the causesJ 6emonstrate concern about peoples health

and safet)

J Impro-e worker moraleJ Identif) weaknesses in management timeJ #re-ent business losesJ !ollate accident and illhealth data and

identif) trendsJ 6efend criminal casesJ 6efend claims for compensation


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Action& ,ollo'in Accident

I++ediateJ Treatment for in*ured personnelJ @ake the area safeJ Initiate emergenc) planJ !ontact emergenc) ser-icesJ #reser-e scene for in-estigationJ @a) ha-e to notif) enforcing authorit)

InitialJ Identif) witnessesJ 4eport details to senior managementJ 4eport details to insurance compan)

Loner Ter+

J 6ecide the depth of the in-estigation and select teamJ 3ather e-idence at the sceneJ Inter-iew witnessesJ '9amine documentsJ Appoint specialists if necessar)


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Co+po&ition o, In(e&tiation tea+J Super-isors and line managers from department where accident

occurredJ A senior manager from another departmentJ Health and Safet) professionalsJ Specialists e.g. 'ngineersJ 4epresentati-e of workers

J 'mplo)ee e9perienced in the work acti-it).

Direct=I++ediate cau&e o, an accident

An un'anted) unplanned e(ent t*at re&ult& in a lo&&

"oot=Underl0in cau&e o, an accidentT*e ,ailure& in +anae+ent &0&te+& or procedure&

t*at *a(e led to t*e accident


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"ea&on&


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In,or+ation in "eportJ Who is in*ured personJ Where the accident happenedJ When it happenedJ What happened

J Wh) it happenedJ 6ocumentationJ '-idenceJ 4ecommendations


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Monitorin

Acti(e Monitorin

Benc*+ar.inTakes ke) performance indicators and compares them

e9ternall) with similar organisations or industr)

standards


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Li+itation& o, in&pection&J Some haBards are not -isible

J Some haBards not alwa)s presentJ "nsafe practices not seen

T0pe& o, in&pection&J 3eneral workplace inspectionsJ Statutor) inspections

J !ompliance inspections

People '*o carr0 out in&pection&J @anagersJ Super-isors

J Health and Safet) ad-isorsJ 'mplo)ee safet) representati-es

J 'nforcement agencies


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In&pection C*ec.li&t

J !ondition of processes and plantJ !ontractorsJ 'lectricalJ 'n-ironmental conditionsJ Gire protectionJ Girst aidJ Hand held toolsJ HaBardous substancesJ HousekeepingDcleanlinessJ %ifting euipmentJ @anual handling

J @achiner) guardingJ $oise etc.


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Sa,et0 Sa+plinA random e9ercise in which assigned obser-ers walk in allotted

timescale noting incidence of health and safet) defects on preprepared sheets

Sa,et0 Tour&An unscheduled e9amination of a workplace to look for acceptable

standards. A tour can be carried out b) a @anager anddemonstrates commitment to safet)

AuditA thorough e9amination of the performance of the health and

safet) management s)stems, procedures.

Audits look at @anagement s)stems, #rocedures, Training,documentation such as safe s)stems, #ermits to work, Inter-iew

selected emplo)ees as well as e9amining the workplace.


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"eacti(e MonitorinJ AccidentsJ IncidentsJ Illhealth statisticsJ $ear missesJ 6angerous occurrences

J !omplaints b) workforceJ 'nforcement actionJ #rosecutionsJ !i-il claims


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ELEMENT 3

HEALTH & SAFETYRISK ASSESSMENT

AND CONTROL


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SUITABLE 1 SUFFICIENT

All aspects of work acti-it) to beconsidered 4outine and $on4outine operations.

Identif) significant haBards and

risks & e-aluate the risks. Identif) control measures in

place and planned D pre-entionand mitigation.

!onsider risks to public. 'nsure the risk assessment is

regularl) re-iewed.

"IS%

ASSESSMENT


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?

Team with e9perience andtraining in haBardidentification and riskassessment.

Enowledge of the process oracti-it).

3ood communication andreporting skills.

Abilit) to interpret legislation

and guidance. @anagerial influence to

implement change.


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SI@#%' ST'#S T 6

4ISE ASS'SS@'$T

Hierarc*0 o, Control +ea&ure& ,or re+o(in or

reducin a *a-ard

1. Look for the haard

!. "ecide #$% might be harmed and how

. valuate stimate the *+, and decide

whether e-isting precautions are adeuate or

more action should be done

/. ecord your findings

0. eview your assessment and revise it if

necessary


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4@ LOO% FO" THE HA$A"DS

HS Inspection !hecklist!lose bser-ation of tasks

Accident, ill health or near missdata.

ob safet) anal)sis.

%egal standards.

3uidance I%, SHA, IS,HS'... etc.

!onsultation & Internet search.


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7@ "IS% E;ALUATION

$ighly nlikely 1

easonably Likely !

ven 2hance

$ighly Likely /

3lmost 2ertain 0

A8 #robabilit) or %ikelihood of Harm ccurring


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4inor *njury5 2uts and abrasions6 minor skin or eyeirritations6 etc.

1

*njury reuiring first aid5 3ny injury that reuires firstaid.

!

*njury or industrial disease reuiring medical treatment5"eep wounds6 fractures6 scalds6 burns6 eye injuries6

respiratory infections6 temporary blindness or hearingloss6 etc.

+erious injury or long term medical effects (industrial

disease)5 Loss of fingers6 toes6 damage to eyes6 serious

medical effects.

/

4ajor *njury or 7atality5 Loss of limbs6 sight6 hearing6

long term illness or death.

0

;8 !onseuences or Se-erit) of Harm


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Table of isk ating


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HIE"A"CHY OF CONT"OL Eli+ination get rid of the haBard

altogether K if possible.

Su:&titutionreplace a haBard withsomething less haBardous e.g. lead freeflu9.

Enineerin control& = I&olation@achine guarding, Sound proof control

roomsN etc.

Ad+ini&trati(e control&ob rotation,Training, Work Instructions, Super-ision,Information, Safe S)stem of Work,'mergenc) preparedness, Signs, 3oodHouse keeping

Per&onal Protecti(e Euip+entlastline of defense.

di&cipline


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8@ "ECO"D "IS% ASSESSMENTS

Accident In-estigation.

Guture reference.

Audits.

6ut) of care D %egalreuirements. 5]WH

ENTOR

EVIEW

RISKA

SSESSM

ENTS?!


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GENE"AL CONT"OL P"INCIPLES

1. Avoid Risk:stop doing the task, using different processesor eliminate the haBard altogether if possible

2. Evaluate Risks that can not be avoided:!arr) out 4iskAssessment

3. Combat Risk at Source:4emo-ethe cause rather thanpro-iding protection e.g. using %ocal '9haust entilations)stems instead of pro-iding ##'.

4. Adapting the ork to the individual: !onsult affectedemplo)ees to impro-e design of workplace, work

euipment, working hours & pattern

!. Adapting to technical progress: it is crucial to takead-antage of new technologies


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Ha-ard Control Strate0

$ liminate% #emo!e trailing able

& e'uction%+se lo$er !oltage tools

I olate%,uard dangerous mahinery

C ontrol%#edue time-frequeny ofe.posure

P eronal Protectie $uipment%Issue **E

D icipline% Enfore rules and

Hierarch* o+ control 'e+inition/

' preferred series of measures to ontrol risks in

order of priority starting $ith elimination and

ending $ith disipline


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Sa,et0 Sin& #rohibition L!ircular, 4ed, white

backgroundM

Warning LTriangular, Fellow black edgingM @andator) L!ircular, ;lue white s)mbolsM

Safe !ondition L3reen, White s)mbolsM


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SAFE SYSTEM OF


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Per+it to


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Lone


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Precaution& ,or lone 'or.er& Information on haBards

Training to deal with haBards

4egular contact

Super-isors regularl) -isiting

Automatic warning de-ices

!heck the worker has returned home

##'

'mergenc) action if worker becomes ill


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ELEMENT

HAARDS & CONTROLASSOCIATED WITH

WORK E"UIPMENT


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Mec*anical Ha-ard&

EN tanglementT raps

Shearing, drawing in, crushing

I mpactC ontact

Griction, abrasion, cutting andstabbing, puncture

E *ection

"e+e+:er! ENTICE


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echanical Haar'%

Impact


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echanical Haar'%

ContactContact Inurie&! ;urns

%acerations

LtearM

Abrasions

#uncture

wounds

!uts


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echanical Haar'%

$ection


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Entanle+ent Contact

Trappin

Eection

Araie 3heel

(4rin'tone)Mac*iner0 Mec*anical Ha-ard&


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echanical Haar'

Dra5in/-In

Entanle+e

ntCru&*in

Dra'in inS*earin


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P*otocopier Docu+ent &*redder

6rawing in 6rawing in to cuttersTrap between mo-ing parts !ontact with cutters!hemicals 6ust"ltra -iolet light

O,,ice +ac*iner0! # P*otocopier and

S*redder

Co++on *a-ard&'lectrical

'rgonomic

$oise

Stabilit) of machine

Ot*er Ha-ard&

Mac*iner Hierarc* o, Control&


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Ad(antae& Di&ad(antae&@inimal maintenance $ot linked to machine controlsnl) defeated b) deliberate act $o protection when remo-ednl) -isual inspection Access to dangerous parts when

remo-ed@a) protect against other haBards e.g.noise, dust, e*ection of materials

@ore difficult to remo-e not practicalwhen freuent access reuiredTends to be left unfi9ed when freuentaccess reuired@a) hamper -isibilit)

Mac*iner0 Hierarc*0 o, Control&J Gi9ed guardsJ ther guards or protection de-icesJ

#rotecti-e de-ices Ligs, Holders, #ush SticksMJ Information, Instruction, Training and Super-ision

Fi/ed Guard&!# A p*0&ical :arrier not connected to +ac*ine

control& '*ic* *a& no +o(in part& and reuire& a tool to

re+o(e it

Fi/ed Guard&


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Ad(antae& Di&ad(antae&

Allow safe access for feedingmaterials Increase the comple9it) of themachine

!on-enient to use 6ifficult to test and maintain%ess likel) to be deliberatel)defeated

@a) need a brake or time dela)

Speeds up operations !omponents could fail in ser-ice

4egular maintenance reuired@a) not fail to safet)

Interloc. Guard!# Lin.ed to t*e +ac*ine control& &o t*at '*en

t*e +ac*ine i& in a danerou& condition t*e uard cannot :e

opened or openin t*e uard cau&e& t*e +ac*ine to :eco+e&a,e

Interloc. Guard


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ELEMENT 5

TRANSPORT SAFETY

t*e +ain *a-ard& a&&ociated 'it* li,t


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t*e +ain *a-ard& a&&ociated 'it* li,t

truc. operation& are! -erturning

-erloading

%oss of load

!ollision with people and ob*ects

@achine failure

Galling from loading ba)s

'9plosions and fire K fuel leaksDbatter) chargingDelectrical arcing

'9haust fume emission

#assengers

Inappropriate parking K blocking entrancesDe9its

@anual handling K ad*usting forksDchanging batteries

ibration K tra-elling o-er une-en ground

$oise

Silent running

;EHICLE OPE"ATIONS


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;EHICLE OPE"ATIONS

%ack of Training, 6ri-ingtraining, Information,Instructions & super-ision.

#assage wa)s are toonarrow, too steep, slipper),

une-enN etc. #lace of work: #oor lighting,

dust, noiseN etc.

ehicles o-erloaded, loadunbalanced or unsecuredN

etc. #oor or no road markings, no barriers or clear safet) signs,

lack of warnings sound s)stems.

SAFE ;EHICLE OPE"ATIONS


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SAFE ;EHICLE OPE"ATIONS Suita:le 1 Su,,icient Risk

Assessment) Follo' Hierarc*0o, appropriate control&

Sa"e place! E(en round&) clearpa&&ae'a0&) Mar.in&) Tra,,ic&in&) (i&ion aid& Adeuate&pace ,or re(er&in) loadin 1unloadin (e*icle&

Clear separation beteenpedestrians # vehicles$passages) cone&) :arrier&)enou* li*tin) clear +ar.ed 1'ell lit par.in area&

Sa"e %erson! &raining) De,en&i(e

dri(in trainin) re,re&*ertrainin) Clear in&truction& 1in,or+ation) competent driversLicen&ed) po&iti(e attitude)e/perienced etc

7


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Par.in o, ,or. truc.&J #ut in neutralJ #ut on handbrake

J Switch off engineJ 4emo-e ke)J 3i-e ke) to appropriate personJ Gorks on floorJ @ast slightl) forward

J #arked in suitable locationJ $o blocking of e9its

Additional *a-ard& o, electric ,or. truc.&J H)drogen gas released during batter) chargingJ 'lectricit) problemsJ @anual handling of liuidsJ !orrosi-e acidsJ The) are uiet

J @edical e9amination

4 ti di l h k t l i t l


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J 4outine medical checks at regular inter-alsJAssessment after prolonged absencesJ !apable of TrainingJ 4efresher training

Sa,et0 o, pede&trian& in (e*icle +o(in area&J SegregationJ Suitable parking areas

JA-oid re-ersing if possibleJ newa) s)stemsJA-oid sharp or blind bendsJ Sufficientl) wide entrances and gatewa)s

J ision aidsJ Speed limitsJ Signallers L;anksmenMJ #rotection from fumes

J #rotection from materials falling off

!4A$'S & HISTS HA5A46S


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!4A$'S & HISTS HA5A46S

-er turning, -er loading &poor slinging.

Insecure & unbalanced loadfalling load.

!ollision with o-erheadstructure, striking apedestrianN etc.

perator0s error, lack of

training & competence. %ack of maintenance, 4egular

inspection & reporting.


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Sa,e u&e o, Crane&J Suitable crane

J Suitable ground conditionsJ "se of outriggersJ A-oidance of obstructionsJ !are near o-erhead power linesJ 6esignated and protected area

J Suitable and tested lifting tackleJ !orrect slinging techniueJ !ompetent personnelJ %oad near ground if tra-ellingJ 3ood -isibilit)J

3ood communicationsJ Suitable storage for fuels etc


87/195

ELEMENT #

HAARDS & CONTROLASSOCIATED WITH

ELECTRICITY


88/195

Ba&ic Circuitr0 Glow of current needs a closed circuit e.g. electrical lamp &

batter) *oined together b) a conductor.

Main Ha-ard& a&&ociated 'it* Electricit0 ;urns

Shock

Arcing

Gire

'9plosions


89/195


90/195

Secondar0 E,,ect& o, Electricit0J Galls from heightJ "nintentional mo-ement of machineJ 6eacti-ation of control measuresJ %oss of informationJ Throw off

EFFECTS OF ELECT"IC SHOC% ON


91/195

EFFECTS OF ELECT"IC SHOC% ON

HUMAN BODY

ST# TH' H'A4T

;"4$ TH' SEI$

%SS G @"S!%'!$T4%

ST# ;4'ATHI$3

$'4"S SFST'@'GG'!TS

OTHE" ELECT"ICAL


92/195

OTHE" ELECT"ICAL

HA$A"DS '%'!T4I!A% ;"4$S

'%'!T4I!A% GI4'S &

'P#%SI$S

#4TA;%' '%'!T4I!A%

'Q"I#@'$T

S'!$6A4F HA5A46S:6IS!"SS WITH 'PA@#%'S


93/195

J ;atter) operatedJ !hecked before use


94/195

!hecked before useJ Suitable selected euipmentJ #roperl) maintained euipment

T*e Lead!#J 'nsure not run o-er b) -ehiclesJ 6ragged o-er rough ser-ices

J Trapped in machiner)J '9posed to hot surfaces or corrosi-e

chemicalsJ !ontinuous fle9ing

oint&) Connection& and plu&!#J @akeshift temporar) connectionsJ %eads getting pulled outJ #oor made connections

J Guse being replaced


95/195

J S)stem not o-erloaded

! t f


96/195

J !orrect fusesJ #lug properl) wired and gripped

J !ompetent usersJ "sing reduced -oltage in wet conditionsJ "sing 4!6s

O,,ice En(iron+ent&

J Suitable euipment manufactured toappropriate standards

JA-oid the use of trailing cablesJA-oid multisocket e9tensionsJ !ontrol pri-ate electrical euipment

brought from homeJ 4eport defecti-e and damaged

euipment

#recautions for electrical safet) in office en-ironments


97/195

could include: 'uipment is of appro-ed standard e.g. ;SD'$ standard

@aintenance of fi9ed electrical installations

There is a means of isolation

All connections, wiring free from damage

!orrect fuses

#lug correctl) wired

A-oid o-erloading of outlets Switch off appliances when not in use

@aintain good housekeeping around electrical euipment

If reuired portable appliance testing in date

S)stem not o-erloaded

!ables correctl) routed to a-oid haBards

4!6s used

S)stem for reporting defects


98/195

MOVIETIME


99/195

ELEMENT $

FIRE SAFETY

BASIC P"INCIPLES OF FI"E


100/195

BASIC P"INCIPLES OF FI"E Met*od& o, E/tinction!

Cooling:reducing

temperature e.g. use

water

Smothering:reducing

9)gen le-el e.g. use fireblanket

Starving:limiting fuel e.g.

switching off gas -al-e

Chemical reaction:

interrupt combustionreaction

Guel:

Glammable

gases, liuids,

solids.

9)gen:

Grom air,

o9idiBing

substances

Ignition source:

Hot surfaces

'lectrical 'uipment DStaticelectricit)

$aked flame D Smoking

materials

CLASSIFICATION OF FI"ES


101/195

CLASSIFICATION OF FI"ESJ Cla&& A! Solid +aterial& ru::er) paper) 'ood)

pla&tic&) ,urniture etc Can :e e/tinui&*ed :0


102/195

SOU"CES OF IGNITIONThe following are possible sources of ignition to start a

fire: $aked flames 'lectricit) Lo-erheatingDarcingM Smoking materials Hot work Lwelding, burningM

!hemical reactions Lgi-ing off heatM Heating appliances Lhot surfacesM Griction Linadeuate lubricationM Static electricit)

%ightning Improper storage of flammable materials %ack of inspection and super-ision

METHODS OF HEAT T"ANSMISSION


103/195

METHODS OF HEAT T"ANSMISSION

!$'!TI$

!$6"!TI$

4A6IATI$

6I4'!T ;"4$I$3

FI"E "IS% ASSESSMENT


104/195

FI"E "IS% ASSESSMENT

1. I6'$TIGF GI4' HA5A46S

2. I6'$TIGF %!ATI$S '4S$S ATSI3$IGI!A$T 4ISE

+. 'A%"AT' TH' 4ISE

/. 6'!I6' $ !$T4%@'AS"4'S

. 4'!46 F"4 GI$6I$3S

?. 4'I'W ASS'SS@'$T4'3"%A4%F

Control Mea&ure& to +ini+i-e t*e "i&.


105/195

Control Mea&ure& to +ini+i-e t*e "i&.

o, Fire in a


106/195

Structural +ea&ure& to pre(ent t*e &pread

o, ,ire 1 &+o.e!

"se fire walls & blast walls.

"se noncombustible automatic dampers fitted in

ducts.

Holes & -oids in fire resisting walls should be

filled in with fire resisting material to pre-entpassage of heat, smoke or flame.

"se compartments to pre-ent spread of fire &

smoke.

@ake sure the fire detection & sprinklers s)stem

is considered in design phase Lbuilt inM.

Fire detection 1 'arnin!


107/195

!ommerciall) a-ailable Heat or Smoke detectors

can be used.

Smoke alarms & shouted warnings might be

enough in small workplaces.

Hand operated de-ices sirens, bellsN etc

should be installed near e9its & clearl) audiblethroughout the workplace.

'lectricall) operated fire alarm can be used

Automatic fire detection should be considered,

linked into an electrical fire alarm s)stem 3as detectors can be used e.g. natural gas

detectors with alarms.

E E ti d


108/195

E+erenc0 E(acuation procedure&

'ach workplace should ha-e an

emergenc) plan 7emplo)er0s

responsibilit)8) it should include:

The action to be taken b) staff in the e-ent offire.

The e-acuation procedure

The arrangements for calling the fire brigade

Girst stage fire fighting b) emplo)ees

Fire Mar&*al& a senior member of the staff


109/195

Fire Mar&*al& a senior member of the staff

should be appointed as departmental fire

marshals LwardensM, with consideration ofabsences, their duties are to ensure that:

Alarm has been raised

Whole dept. has been e-acuated Gire brigade has been called

Gire doors are closed

#lant shut down where-er appropriate

4oll call is carried out at the assembl) point &

the result reported to senior manager.

G"OUP ACTI;ITY


110/195

G"OUP ACTI;ITY

6IS!"SS TH' !@@$ !A"S'S &

!$S'Q"'$!'S G GI4' I$ TH'

W4E#%A!'

SAFE STO"AGE 1 USE OF FLAMMABLE

LIUIDS


111/195

LIUIDS

Well -entilated, dr) &

cool place.

!lear warning signs &

barriers

$o sources of ignition

Segregate

incompatible chemicals

do not mi9

!onstruction to be fire

resistant

Awa) from heat & direct

sunlight

#ro-ided with fire fighting

s)stems & e9tinguishers

PO"TABLE FI"E FIGHTING


112/195

PO"TABLE FI"E FIGHTING

EUIPMENT

F% '()*(+ & E',-.(-/' F(,0 S./+/+ D P%+, 4 M*'.( *%0,D P%+,

M*'.(*%0, ,6.(7*(08, .% 9, *0,+% C'/00 B :(,0

A)*,%*0 F('; F%;(7 F%/;

F% *0, % '()*(+ :(,0< D% N%. *0, %,',-.(-/' % ;,./' :(,0

F%/;

F% %%+= /,= .,6.(', & 0%'(+;/.,(/' :(,0< D% N%. *0, %;,./'= '()*(+ % ,',-.(-/' :(,0

W/.,

F% '()*(+ & E',-.(-/' :(,0< D% N%.*0, % ;,./'< >-/ 9, ?, -%'+

:%0. 9(., @ %(0%%*0

C/9% D(%6(+, CO2

F% 8(78 .,;,/.*, -%%(7 %('0< W,. C8,;(-/'

MEANS OF ESCAPE


113/195

J+hould open in the direction of travel& be fire resistant.J+hould not reuire any intelligence

or e-tra force to open & should beself closing.J8ever obstructed.

D%%0

8eed to be short & lead peopledirectly to a place of safety9 open air6area of no imminent danger.

E0-/, R%*.,0

Jscalators & spiral stairways are notto be used for emergency evacuations

S./(0

J4ust be clearly marked & known byall occupantsJ4ust be in a safe are free of anyimminent danger.

J3 complete list of the names of allstaff should be maintained by the fire4arshal to make a roll call onevacuation.

A00,;9' P%(.0 & R%'' C/''

EME"GENCY


114/195

A""ANGEMENTS

'@'43'$!F 'A!"ATI$

#4!'6"4'S

GI4' @A4SHA%S

T'STI$3, 64I%% &

T4AI$I$3

#4ISI$ G4 TH'6ISA;%'6


115/195

ELEMENT


116/195

ELEMENT

HAARDS & CONTROL

ASSOCIATED WITHMANUAL HANDLING

AND REPETITIVEMOVEMENT

MANUAL HANDLING


117/195

MANUAL HANDLING

C@anual handlingC is themo-ement of a load b)human effort alonetrans%orting or su%%ortingloads directly or indirectlyusing bodily force.

Co++on Manual HandlinHa-ard&!

Too Hea-) loads & #oorposture during lifting.

6ropping load.

Sharp edged or hot loads.

MANUAL HANDLING INU"IES


118/195

Mu&cular Sprain& 1 Strain&

Bac. inurie& cu+ulati(einurie& re&ultin inprolap&ed inter (erte:ral

di&c& Fracture& 1 Hernia&

Cut&) :rui&e& 1 a:ra&ion&


119/195

ASSESSMENT

4 LOADhea-), difficult to grasp,

hot, cold, fragileN etc

6 INDI;IDUAL! capabilit),

strength, fitness, trainingN etc

7 TAS% freuenc), stretching,

pushing, pullingN etc

8 EN;I"ONMENT!lighting,

slipper) floors, une-engroundN etc

4emember %IT'

WA4'H"S'

Practical Mea&ure& to A(oid Manual


120/195

Practical Mea&ure& to A(oid Manual

Handlin Inurie&

A-oid @anual Handling

4isk 4eduction

Automation & mechanisation

Team handling Training

Smaller, lighter load

Selection indi(idual and +ec*anical aid5

3ood 'n-ironment &pacin ,loorin te+p li*t5


121/195


122/195

Factor& to :e con&idered durin ri&. a&&e&&+ent

J Gorce e9ertedJ Greuenc) and duration of operationJ 4epetition of mo-ement without rest or reco-er)J #ostureJ !onstraints on space

J 'n-ironment

I+pro(e a:o(e plu&!#J @echanise taskJ "se correct tools and euipment


123/195

MOVIETIME


124/195

ELEMENT

HAARDS & CONTROL

ASSOCIATED WITH

HAARDOUS

SUBSTANCES

FO"MS OF CHEMICAL


125/195

AGENTS

6"STS

G"@'S

3AS'S

@ISTS

A#4S

%IQ"I6S

S@E'

FO"MS OF BIOLOGICAL


126/195

AGENTS

;A!T'4IA

I4"S

G"$3I

#A4ASIT'S


127/195

"oute& o, entr0 in t*e :od0J InhalationJ IngestionJAbsorption

J 6irect entr)J In*ection


128/195

Cla&&i,ication o, Ha-ardou& Su:&tance&

Irritant!# Non#corro&i(e &u:&tance& '*ic* t*rou*


129/195

Irritant!# Non#corro&i(e &u:&tance& '*ic* t*rou*i++ediate) proloned or repeated contact 'it* &.in or

+ucou& +e+:rane +a0 cau&e in,la++ation e Petrol

Corro&i(e!# Su:&tance& '*ic* on contact 'it* li(in ti&&ue+a0 de&tro0 it :0 :urnin e acid&

Har+,ul!# Su:&tance& '*ic* i, &'allo'ed) in*aled orpenetrate t*e &.in +a0 cau&e da+ae to *ealt*

;er0 To/ic!# A poi&onou& &u:&tance '*ic* in lo'uantitie& +a0 cau&e deat*) acute or c*ronic da+ae to

*ealt*

To/ic!# A poi&onou& &u:&tance '*ic* in lo' uantitie& +a0cau&e deat*) acute or c*ronic da+ae to *ealt*

Carcinoenic!# Su:&tance& '*ic* cau&e di&order& to cellro't* t*at +a0 lead to cancer

I , ti M , t S , t d t


130/195

In,or+ation on Manu,acturer& Sa,et0 data

&*eet&J Identification of the substanceJ @anufacturers informationJ !omposition of the ingredientsJ Girstaid precautions

J Girefighting measuresJ Handling and storageJ ##'J 6isposal considerations

J Transport informationJ 4egulator) information

Gra: Sa+pler C*e+ical &tain detector tu:e5


131/195

Ad(antae& Di&ad(antae&

%ow cost Inaccurate

Takes little time #ositioning of tube

Immediate result nl) a snap shot

%ittle training Inefficient

Information during spillage !hemical use onl)

3ood for coarse indication Substance specific

Gra: Sa+pler C*e+ical &tain detector tu:e5

Dra' it

Ha-ardou& &u:&tance ri&. a&&e&&+ent 3 &tep& a& nor+al


132/195

Control o, *ealt* *a-ard&

Eli+inate"educe :0 &u:&titution

I&olate!#J Total 'nclosureJ Segregate the people

ControlJ 'ngineering !ontrol L%'MJ @aintenance of controlsJ !hange the work pattern or methodJ H)giene and housekeeping

PPE

Di&cipline


133/195

Du&t Identi,ication


134/195

J isual signs of dustJ 6ust lamps

J Static or personal samplingJ Health sur-eillance

Control +ea&ure& ,or du&tJ 'limination

J Substitution e.g. pellets instead of powdersJ 'nclosure of the processJ %ocal e9haust -entilationJ acuuming instead of sweepingJ 6amping down

J %imiting time of e9posureJ %imiting numbers e9posedJ 4espirator) protecti-e euipment

The four main classifications of occupational

health haBards are:


135/195

health haBards are:

4 P*0&ical!

@achiner), 'lectricit), Heat, $oise

6 C*e+ical!

Acids, Alkalis, Asbestos

7 Bioloical!

HI irus, %egionella, ;acteria

8 Erono+ic!

#osture problems, Gatigue

!ontrol measures to control biological

h d h ld b


136/195

haBards should be:

Cleanin = di&in,ection


137/195


138/195

Solid particles suspended in the air for a period of time.

SiBe ranges from =.1Rm LfineM to 1==Rm LcoarseM.

#roduced b) mechanical process e.g. grinding, or b) constructionprocess e.g. demolition, or other specific tasks e.g. cotton or

wood work

Respirable dust:fine dusts that penetrate deep into thelungs & sta) there Lin rare cases enters the blood streamM e.g.

!ement & Silica

'nhalable dust:capable of entering nose & mouth duringbreathing, without reaching lower le-els of respirator) s)stem.

Fu+e& Gormed when a material from a -olatiliBed solid condenses in

cool air. "suall) e9tremel) fine 1.=Rm e.g. welding & soldering

fumes.

Ga&e& Gormless fluids which e9pand to occup) the space in which the)0re


139/195

p p) p )

confined e.g. !arbon @ono9ide, H)drogen SulphideN etc

Mi&t& Suspended liuid droplets generated b) condensation of liuids from the-apor back to the liuid state or b) breaking up liuid into dispersed

state e.g. paint spra)ing mist LatomiBationM.

;apor&

olatile forms of substance that are normall) in the solid or liuid state atroom temperature & pressure e.g. sol-ents used in degreasing Ltoluene,

acetoneN etcM.

Liuid& Gluids that e9ist normall) at temperature between boiling & freeBing.

S+o.e Aerosol of solid or liuid particles, =.1Rm in siBe, resulting from

incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials e.g. !arbon particles.


140/195

G"OUP ACTI;ITY


141/195

6IS!"SS TH' '$T4F 4"T'S G

HA5A46"S S";STA$!'S T TH'

H"@A$ ;6F & TH' 6'G'$S'

@'!HA$IS@S

SOU"CES OF INFO"MATION


142/195

%A;'%S

I$'$T4F

@AT'4IA% SAG'TF

6ATA SH''T

T4A6'ASS!IATI$#";%I!ATI$S

TH' I$T'4$'T

@AT'4IA%

SAG'TF

6ATA SH''T


143/195

TO9ICOLOGY

De,inition!

The stud) of how different materials will affect the

human bod).

The effect that a substance will ha-e on the bod) will

depend on a number of factors:


144/195

The routes of entr) are:

In*alation

Ine&tion

A:&orption

Inection

E+erenc0 Procedure&

The emergenc) procedure should include:


145/195

The emergenc) procedure should include:

Girst aid facilities

4ele-ant safet) drills

Suitable warning de-ices

Suitable training of staff

##'

'mergenc) showers and e)ewash facilities

Spillage and leakage procedures

'-acuation procedures

Warnings to other people

PE"SONAL P"OTECTI;E


146/195

H'A6 #4T'!TI$

HA$6 #4T'!TI$

G''T #4T'!TI$

'F' #4T'!TI$

LAST "ESO"T

EUIPMENT


147/195


148/195

#ollution of ri-ers & other water sources can

ha-e serious effects on the health of li-ingorganisms.

%eakage from industrial soak awa) or

chemical factories.

Sewer discharge & oil spill contaminatingunderground water

Water samples should be taken from water

sources & sewers.

@S6S to ad-ise on proper disposal of

different haBardous substances


149/195

%revention:b) changing the process so that the

waste is not produced. Reduction:impro-ing the efficienc) of the

process

Reuse:b) rec)cling the waste back into the

process Recover(:releasing energ) through the

combustion or rec)cling of waste.

Responsibledisposal:disposal in accordance

with regulator) reuirements & neer mi' differentty%es of hazardous wastes.

G"OUP ACTI;ITY


150/195

6IS!"SS TH' '$I4$@'$TA% ISS"'S:AI4, WAT'4 & %A$6 #%%"TI$ &

WAST' @A$A3'@'$T #%A$S


151/195

MOVIETIME

ELEMENT 1


152/195

ELEMENT 1

HAARDS & CONTROL

ASSOCIATED WITH THEWORKING

ENVIRONMENT

Di&pla0 Screen Euip+ent DSE&5

Healt* e,,ect&J "pper limb pains and discomfort


153/195

J "pper limb pains and discomfortJ ')e and e)esight effects

J 'pileps)J 4adiation effects on pregnant womenJ Gatigue and stress


154/195

Healt* e,,ect& o, re+ainin &eated ,or a lon ti+eJ ertebral and muscular damageJ High blood pressureJ !irculation problems

Suita:le Seat ,or &edentar0 'or.er&J 3ood lumbar supportJ 3ood width and depthJ Abilit) to ad*ust seat back and heightJ Stable baseJ Abilit) to swi-el

J #ro-ision of arm rests


155/195

EN;I"ONMENT

Sanitar) !on-eniences &Washing Gacilities

6rinking Water

Accommodation for clothing &changing clothes

Gacilities for rest & eatingmeals

entilation

T'@#'4AT"4' & %I3HTI$3

Sanitar0 Con(enience& 1


156/195

0

@ust be pro-ided together & in a proportion to the siBe

of workforce.

Special pro-ision should be made for disabled workers

There should be separate facilities for men & women

Suppl) of warm water, soap & towels must be

pro-ided.

Gacilities to be well lit, -entilated & walls & floors eas)

to clean


157/195

Drin.in


158/195

Acco++odation ,or clot*in 1

c*anin clot*e&

@ust be pro-ided, clean, well lit, -entilated,

dr) & secure Where ##' is reuired, arrangement are to

be made that workers0 own clothing is not

contaminated b) haBardous substances

F iliti , t 1 ti l


159/195

Facilitie& ,or re&t 1 eatin +eal&

@ust be pro-ided in areas where ##' not reuired

$o Smoking

Gacilities should be pro-ided for pregnantDnursing

females to rest Arrangements to ensure food & be-erage not

contaminated b) haBardous substances.

;entilation


160/195

Should be effecti-e & sufficient & free froman) impurities

Air inlets to be sited free from an) potential

contaminants

'nsure workers are free from uncomfortable

draughts

'nsure continuous fresh air flow

"se %' or 6ilute entilation if reuired

Heatin 1 Te+perature


161/195

'nsure reasonable temperatures in all workplaces

during working hours Air conditions to be used where possible

A! to be regularl) inspected & maintained

#ro-ide thermometers to indicate room temperature

#ro-ide suitable ##' where A! is not adeuate e.g.

on entering big restaurants0 cold stores


162/195

Factor& to con&ider '*en a&&e&&in adeuac0 o,


163/195

li*tin

J The tasks being undertakingJ The siBe and la)out of the work areaJ The euipment usedJ A-ailabilit) of natural lightJ Shift timesDwork patterns

J Suitable number of artificial lightJ !ontrast le-elsJ 3lareJ Areas in shadowJ $eed for localised lighting

J @aintenance of lightingJ Adeuate emergenc) lighting

Seatin 1


164/195

Sitting for prolonged periods can cause health risks blood

circulation problems & @S6LsM

Workstations to be arranged so that work is done safel) &

comfortabl)

Workstations to be arranged to allow safe e-acuation in cases of

emergenc)

Work surface should be at comfortable height to the workera-oid bending & stretching

Workers should not stand for prolonged periods on solid floor.

4efer to control measures of 6S'

HA$A"DS TO PEDEST"IANS


165/195

Slip&! 6ue to reduced frictionbetween feet & walking surfacewet or dusty floors( s%ill( ice(

Trip&! loss of balance if foot isstopped suddenl) while bod)continues in motion loosecar%ets( floor holes.



166/195

Fall& ,ro+ a Hei*t!2 of all

reported *ob fatalities is causedb) falling from a height roof(ladder( scaffold( floor o%enings(unguarded %latforms oer )meters feet high* etc.

Colli&ion 'it* +o(in(e*icle&! Happens eitherinside the workplace or on theaccess road around it duringcommute%oor lighting( oers%eeding of ehicles( no clearse%aration between %edestrians& ehicles( lack of warningsigns & barriers* etc.



167/195

Bein &truc. :0 +o(in) ,allin or ,l0ino:ect&! moing %arts of machinery( flying

objects are often generated by the

disintegration of moing %arts( falling objects

are common in construction sites* etc.

Stri.in aain&t ,i/ed or &tationar0

o:ect&! colliding against a part of a building,

opened drawer, l)ing ob*ect on the floorNetc.

Control Strateie& ,or Pede&trian Ha-ard&"i&. A&&e&&+ent i& crucial to :e done ,or all 'or. acti(itie&& controls

will be set according to the risk le-el & following the -ierarch( o" control:


168/195

will be set according to the risk le-el & following the -ierarch( o" control: 'liminate haBards good house kee%ing, keeping a safe %lace of work, cleaning

aisles & passage wa)s, consider slip resistant surfaces. Gollow a Safe System of !ork& issue Work #ermit.

'nsure a safe %lace of work in the design %haseif possible.

Adopt & mark designated walkwa)s.

'nsure proper +raining( ,nformation( !ork ,nstructions & su%erisionat all times.

'nsure proper -is worn at all times.

Suitable maintenance systems, e%orting& procedures to follow up on correcti-e

actions.

!leaning of spills, use of signs while cleaning.

Separation between designated ehicle %assages & %edestriansb) means of

marking, signs, barriersN etc.

Work en-ironment lighting( entilation( noise( dust* etc.

4egular ,ns%ections& ensure proper Safety Signs are in place.

"se proper fall %rotection guard rails, Scaffolding, safe ladders, fall harnessN etc.

Hou&e.eepin


169/195

Haar'

J Someone ould trip orfall

J Inreased risk of fire

J ire e.its ould be

blokedJ here is a risk of

infetion

J (hemials are beingused

J Infestation 3that allo$sbreeding of ratsokroahes et 5

J 6ehile (ollisions

J allin materials

Precaution

J Identify housekeeping

requirements

J #esponsibilities for

housekeeping

J #esoures for good

housekeeping

J rain staff in use of

equipment

J #egular inspetions

NOISE


170/195

Accepta:le 1 Unaccepta:leLe(el& o, Noi&e!

These '9posure action & %imitalues are: %ower '9posure Action %e-el:


171/195

Inner eari''le earOuter ear


172/195

"EUI"EMENTS FO" NOISE

CONT"OL


173/195

Assess the noise le-els &keep records.

!onstantl) re-iewassessments

4educe risk from noisee9posure b) usingengineering controls

4educe time of e9posure

#ro-ide adeuate Training,information & workinstructions

!onsult emplo)ees &representati-es on noiseissues

'stablish hearing protection

Bones marked b) signs &notices.

'ducate emplo)ees to seetheir doctor if the) feel an)hearing problems

#ro-ide appropriate Hearing#rotection as needed

NOISE ENGINEE"ING CONT"OLS


174/195

"eduction o, Noi&e at &ource! !hange the process or euipment !hange the speed of the machine Impro-e the maintenance regime e.g. regular lubrication

Attenuation o, Noi&e le(el&! rientation / relocation o" the e0uipment Enclosure

Screens / Absorption alls

amping 'solation o" the orkers

Location

Path o+ .oie preention

echniue


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o!e soure a$ay from noise sensiti!e area$ncloure

Surrounding the noise soure $ith sound

insulating material 3are to be taken not to

o!erheat mahine5Silencer

#eduing noise from e.haust pipes et using

absorbent materials or baffles

Aorption

Surrounding-obstruting noise soure $ith

absorbent materials 3eg foam5

Dampin/

Path o+ noie control

techniue


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Dampin/

#edution in struture borne noise by the use ofrubber-ork springs et

Iolation

*rotetion of persons from sound soure by

distane or sound proofed rooms

La//in/

Insulation of pipes to redue sound transmission

Screen

'ousti sreens plaed on the path

techniue

C t l M

Hand#Ar+ ;i:ration


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Healt* E,,ect& Tingling in the hands

and e9tremities

$umbness and

blanching of the fingers

Swollen painful *oints 4eduction in manual

de9terit)

4eduction in the

sensation of touch

Control Mea&ure&

Eli+ination"educe t*e deree o, (i:ration

Select low -ibration euipment

Select ergonomicall) designed

euipment

@aintenance of euipment 4educe grip and push force with work

euipment

4educe the time workers e9posed

Introduce health sur-eillance

3lo-es and heated pads

Information and training on the nature

of risks

E9POSU"E TO E9T"EME

TEMPE"ATU"E


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E,,ect& o, e/tre+e *eat! Heat e9haustion

Heat Stroke

Sun burns

6eh)dration Heat cramps

!onfusion, nausea &

-omiting

'9amples: outdoor

construction

E,,ect& o, E/tre+e

Cold!

H)pothermia

!hilblains Trench foot

!old burn

%oss of concentration

& shi-ering

P"E;ENTI;E MEASU"E A-oid working outdoors where possible


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A-oid working outdoors where possible

!arr) out suitable & sufficient 4isk Assessment entilation s)stems

Adeuate training, information & super-ision

!ontrol working en-ironment: heatingDcooling s)stems

#re emplo)ment medical fit to work

Alwa)s drink a lot of fluids

Allow adeuate acclimatiBation period

4educe time of e9posure *ob rotation

"se proper ##'

ST"ESS


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Stre&&! It is not a disease it is

an emotional &

ph)siological state ofunbalance, which

results when the

demands of life e9ceed

one0s coping capabilities

Stre&&


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P*0&ical E,,ect& P&0c*oloical e,,ect&Headaches Increased an9iet)6iBBiness 4educed concentration

Aching neck and shoulders Irritabilit)Skin rashes Sudden mood changes#rone to infections Inabilit) to cope

#anic attacks 4educed work output4aised heart rate Increased use of alcohol, etcIncreased blood pressure #oor sleep patternsHeart disease

Stomach ulcers

Cau&e& o, Stre&&!


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Content o" the ob: work o-erload, work too eas), time

pressure, deadlinesN etc )ork organiation: long working hours, shift work, non

consulted organiBational changes

)orkplace culture: communication, in-ol-ement in

decision making, feedback, supportN etc Environment: noise, temperature, lighting, ergonomics

)ork role: conflict of interest, clarit) of role

-omeork inter"ace: transportation problem, childcare

issues, relocation

Relationships: bull)ing, harassment, -erbal & ph)sical

abuse

Ill#*ealt* e,,ect& o, &tre&&!

Increased irritabilit) & sleep

Stre&& Control!

Identif) stressors & Assess thei k


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Increased irritabilit) & sleepdifficulties

Increased intake of drugs,cigarettes & alcohol

6igesti-e s)stem disorders

!irculator) s)stem disorders

e.g. high blood pressure 6ecreased immunit) &

increased susceptibilit) toinfection

An9iet) & depression

@S6 LsM, fatigue & chronicheadache

risk

Impro-e ergonomics & workingen-ironment

Interpersonal communicationskills training

Stress awareness & Time

management & time off work ifneeded

#ro-ide achie-able demands

A-oid o-erloading theemplo)ees

!onsult on organiBationalchange


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;iolence at 'or.!An) incident in which a person is abused,

threatened, or assaulted in circumstances

relating to work, whether b) otheremplo)ees or others -erbal abuse or

threats as well as ph)sical abuse.

Occupation& at ri&.J Ta9i dri-ers


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J Ta9i dri-ers

J HospitalsJ SchoolsJ !ash transactionsJ 6eli-er)Dcollection of mone)

Control +ea&ure&J Training and informationJ The en-ironmentJ 6esign of the *obJ !ommunication

J %one workingJ 4eporting and recording incidents

Cau&e&!

4obber) & those

Group& at "i&.!

Healthcare D social

care pro-iders


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4obber) & those

seeking immediateattention

6issatisfaction with the

treatmentDser-ice

recei-ed

;ull)ing & harassment

Terrorism is now

included

care pro-iders

6eli-ering D collectingser-ices

Authorit)

representati-es 'ducation pro-iders

Transact cash or

-aluables

Ticketing public

transportation

Control Strate0! /ssess the risk( record & reiew assessment

Organizations to enforce zero tolerance iolence %olicy


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Organizations to enforce zero tolerance iolence %olicy

/oid using cash; use credit cards Means of communication$ cell %hones( alarms( radios* etc

hysical barriers e.g. fences( bullet %roof booths for

ticketing

0se close circuit teleision cameras ##+1 Strict security measures e.g. ,2( finger %rint access( no

isitors* etc

/oid lone working & night working

roide ade3uate training & information; negotiation skills(

stress management* etc

e%ort( inestigate & record all incidents of aggression

Alco*ol 1 Dru& e,,ect& on OHS

Increased accidents 4slower refle'es5


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Increased accidents 4slower refle'es5

Increased 'rrors 4im%aired %erce%tion5 Increased complaints 4easily irritated5

Increased absenteeism 4hang oer5

#oor time keeping 4im%aired judgment5

6ecreased producti-it) 4Stress related5

Ad-erse health effects li-er damage,

coronar) heart disease, high blood pressure,

ps)chological problemsN etc

Control Strate0!Assess the risk & the siBe of the problem

Ha-e a Substance Abuse #olic) in place


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Ha-e a Substance Abuse #olic) in place

#ro-ide information & raise the awareness 4emo-e work stressors & pro-ide stress management

ffer help for emplo)ees who ha-e drinking problems

@aintain confidentialit) of cases with alcohol or drug problems

Screening tests pre emplo)ment & after incidents

5everuse controlled or uncontrolled medication without the

doctors permission Lsome o-er the counter medication

causes drowsinessM

Implement disciplinar) actions

4eport, record & in-estigate cases of alcoholDdrug abusewithout disclosing an) personal information LconfidentialM

NIGHT#SHIFT


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%ighting, heating, welfare & firstaid pro-ision

The effects of fatigue & the increased likelihood of

human error

The number hours worked & the period allowed for

reco-er) between shifts 3eneral wellbeing when normal routines are

disrupted

The le-el of super-ision pro-ided & access to

specialist ad-ice if reuired The possible increased risk of -iolent assault on the

wa) to & from work


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A&&e&&+ent ,or ,ir&t#aid reuire+ent& The nature of the work and the siBe of the

i ti


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organisation

#ast histor) and accident t)pe

The nature and distribution of the workforce

4emoteness of site from emergenc) medical

ser-ices The needs of tra-elling, remote or lone workers

'mplo)ees working on shared sites

Absence of first aiders due to holida)s etc.

!ompliance with legal reuirements

G"OUP ACTI;ITY6IS!"SS TH' !A"S'S I@#A!T &


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6IS!"SS TH' !A"S'S, I@#A!T &

!$T4% G I%$'$!' &S";STA$!' A;"S' AT W4E


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MOVIETIME


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THANKS!!

GOOD LUCK WITHYOUR EAMINATION

mirdif-health and safety at work slides

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