minor presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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AUTOMATED CAR PARKINGMONITORING SYSTEM
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INTRODUCTION Conventionally, car parking systems does not have any
intelligent monitoring system. Parking lots are monitored by human beings.
All vehicles enter into the parking and waste time forsearching for parking slot. Sometimes it createsblockage. Condition become worse when there are
multiple parking lanes and each lane have multipleparking slots.
Use of automated system for car parking monitoring willreduce the human efforts.
Display unit is installed on entrance of parking lot which
will show LEDs for all Parking slot and for all parkinglanes.
Empty slot is indicated by the respective glowing LED.
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DESCRIPTION
1)We are going to use Infra Red transmitters and
Receivers for each parking slot.
2)The IR Receivers are connected to AVRmicrocontroller. IR rays are obstructed when a car
is parked in any parking slot. Thus AVR will come toknow that which slot is empty and which slot is full.
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DESCRIPTION
3) For transmitter section we are going to use IRLEDs driven by a 555 timer IC. Timer IC willgenerate a frequency of 38 KHz, which will be givento IR LEDs.
4)We will also implement a system so that onlyauthorised person can park their vehicles.For thiswe use RFID technolgy,the user will show the RFID
tag then only he is allowed to enter the parking.
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LAYOUT
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RFIDCIRCUITANDVOLTAGECONVERTER
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TECHNOLOGYANDCOMPONENTSUSED
RFID
IR sensors
Stepper Motors
Microcontroller LCD Display
LED
Power supply unit
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RFID: TECHNOLOGYAND APPLICATIONS
RFID = Radio Frequency IDentification.
An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technologythat:
uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between areader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track..
Is fast and does not require physical sight or contactbetween reader/scanner and the tagged item.
Performs the operation using low cost components.
Attempts to provide unique identification and backendintegration that allows for wide range of applications.
Other ADC technologies: Bar codes, OCR.
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R
FID2005
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RFID SYSTEMCOMPONENTS
Ethe
rnet
RFID
Reader
RFID Tag RF Antenna Network Workstation
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R
FID2005
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RFID TAGS: SMARTLABELS
and a chipattached to it
on a substratee.g. a plastic
foil ...
an antenna,printed, etchedor stamped ...
A paper labelwith RFID inside
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SOME RFID TAGS
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RFIDTAGS
Tags can be attached to almost anything: Items, cases or pallets of products, high value goods
vehicles, assets, livestock or personnel
Passive Tags Do not require power Draws from Interrogator Field
Lower storage capacities (few bits to 1 KB) Shorter read ranges (4 inches to 15 feet) Usually Write-Once-Read-Many/Read-Only tags
Cost around 25 cents to few dollars
Active Tags
Battery powered Higher storage capacities (512 KB)
Longer read range (300 feet) Typically can be re-written by RF Interrogators Cost around 50 to 250 dollars
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RFIDTAGMEMORY
Read-only tags
Tag ID is assigned at the factory during manufacturing
Can never be changed
No additional data can be assigned to the tag
Write once, read many (WORM) tags Data written once, e.g., during packing or manufacturing
Tag is locked once data is written
Similar to a compact disc or DVD
Read/Write Tag data can be changed over time
Part or all of the data section can be locked
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RFIDREADERS
Reader functions:
Remotely power tags
Establish a bidirectional data link
Inventory tags, filter results
Communicate with networked server(s)
Can read 100-300 tags per second
Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point suchas
Entrance/exit Point of sale
Readers can also be mobile/hand-held
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RFID ADVANTAGESOVERBAR-CODES
No line of sight required for reading
Multiple items can be read with a single scan
Each tag can carry a lot of data (read/write) Individual items identified and not just the category
Passive tags have a virtually unlimited lifetime
Active tags can be read from great distances
Can be combined with barcode technology
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R
FID2005
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RFID COMMUNICATIONS
Tags
Reader
Power from RF field
Reader
Antenna
Reader->Tag Commands
Tag->Reader Responses
RFID CommunicationChannel
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ANTENNAFIELDS: PROPAGATIONCOUPLING
TransceiverTag Reader
antenna
RFIDTag
IC or microprocessor
antenna
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OPERATIONAL FREQUENCIES
FrequencyRanges
LF125 KHz
HF13.56 MHz
UHF868 - 915
MHz
Microwave2.45 GHz &
5.8 GHz
Typical MaxRead Range
(Passive Tags)
Shortest1-12
Short2-24
Medium1-10
Longest1-15
Tag PowerSource
Generally passivetags only, usinginductive coupling
Generally passive
tags only, usinginductive orcapacitivecoupling
Active tags withintegral battery
or passive tagsusing capacitive
storage,E-field coupling
Active tags with
integral battery orpassive tags usingcapacitive storage,E-field coupling
Data Rate Slower Moderate Fast Faster
Ability to readnear
metal or wet
surfaces
Better Moderate Poor Worse
Applications
Access Control &Security
Identifying widgetsthrough
manufacturingprocesses or in
harsh environmentsRanch animalidentification
Employee IDs
Library booksLaundry
identificationAccess ControlEmployee IDs
supply chaintracking
Highway tollTags
Highway toll TagsIdentification ofprivate vehicle
fleets in/out of ayard or facilityAsset tracking
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IR SENSORS
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IR SENSOR PAIR
Transmitter (Tx)
Receiver (Rx)
IR sensor PairObject /Line
Transmitter = LED (Light Emitting Diode)
Receiver = Photodiode
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IR LED
Similar to normal LEDs but emit infra-red light
Glow can be seen with a digital camera ormobile phone camera.
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TRANSMITTERRECEIVERPAIR
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INTERFACING IR SENSORWITH ATMEGA16
ATMEGA
Port A
Out: 1
Out: 0
In
1
0
2
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CIRCUITDIAGRAM
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SENSOR CONNECTORONBOARD
O/p
GND
Vcc
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BENEFITSOFANAUTOMATEDSYSTEM
Possible jams are avoided, specially in rush hour with significantvehicle traffic that may even collapse the parkings entrance
Makes management easy, thanks to its user -friendlyapplication, that allows directing traffic to any area and know
the situation of the garage at any given time (real time orhistorical).
Personnel may work on other things, without having to devotemost of their time to finding out the parkings situation.
Reduces pollution within the parking space: cars drive throughless, which means less gas emissions. Therefore, AC systems areused less as well.