mining)infrastructure)component)) of)the)project)in)béli ...€¦ · 18.01.2017 ·...

Emirates)Global)Aluminium)–)Mining)and)Refining))

Guinea)Alumina)Corporation)!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Mining)Infrastructure)Component))of)the)Project)in)Béli)Kindy)

)Livelihood)Restoration)Plan!

)!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Submitted!by:!! Frédéric!Giovannetti!! !4!Rue!Grivolas,!84000!Avignon,!France!!Prepared!for:!! Emirates!Global!Aluminium!–!Guinea!Alumina!Corporation!!!Date:!! January!2017!!Version:!! 1!

F.GIOVANNETTI CONSULTANT Resettlement / Social Impacts / Environment!

GAC!–!Mining!Infrastructure!–!Livelihood!Restoration!Plan! i!

F.Giovannetti!–!Rev.1!–!January!2017!

Contents:)!1.! INTRODUCTION)–)SCOPE)AND)PURPOSE)OF)THIS)DOCUMENT)........................................................)3!2.! SUMMARY)OF)PROJECT)LIVELIHOOD)IMPACTS)....................................................................................)4!

2.1! PROJECT)DISPLACEMENT)IMPACTS)........................................................................................................)4!2.2! AFFECTED)LAND)......................................................................................................................................)4!2.3! BRIEF)DESCRIPTION)OF)AFFECTED)LIVELIHOODS)................................................................................)5!

2.3.1! Overview!................................................................................................................................................!5!2.3.2! Agricultural!Systems!.........................................................................................................................!5!

2.3.2.1! Land)and)Soil)Categorisation)...........................................................................................................)5!2.3.2.2! Outer)Fields)..............................................................................................................................................)6!2.3.2.3! “Tapades”)..................................................................................................................................................)6!2.3.2.4! Cashew)Plantations)...............................................................................................................................)6!2.3.2.5! Non)Farmed)Areas).................................................................................................................................)6!

2.3.3! Affected!Agriculture!..........................................................................................................................!8!2.3.3.1! Land)Plots)Used)for)Agriculture)......................................................................................................)8!2.3.3.2! Affected)Crops)and)Trees)....................................................................................................................)8!

2.3.4! Affected!Businesses!...........................................................................................................................!9!2.3.5! Natural!Resources!of!Significance!to!Livelihoods!................................................................!9!

2.3.5.1! Bowé)Land)................................................................................................................................................)9!2.3.5.2! Forest)..........................................................................................................................................................)9!

2.3.6! Other!activities!....................................................................................................................................!9!2.3.6.1! Small)business).........................................................................................................................................)9!2.3.6.2! Palm)oil)production)...........................................................................................................................)10!2.3.6.3! Artisans)...................................................................................................................................................)10!2.3.6.4! Formal)employment)..........................................................................................................................)10!

2.3.7! Gender!Aspects!of!Livelihoods!..................................................................................................!10!2.4! KEY)IMPLICATIONS)IN)THE)PERSPECTIVE)OF)LIVELIHOOD)RESTORATION)......................................)11!

3.! LIVELIHOOD)RESTORATION)....................................................................................................................)12!3.1! GENERAL)STRATEGY)............................................................................................................................)12!3.2! MEASURES)TARGETTING)AFFECTED)PEOPLE)ONLY)...........................................................................)12!

3.2.1! Access!to!Unaffected!Land!...........................................................................................................!12!3.2.2! Compensation!for!Trees!...............................................................................................................!12!3.2.3! Preparation!of!‘Tapade’!Land!for!Agriculture!.....................................................................!12!3.2.4! Provision!of!Tree!Saplings!...........................................................................................................!13!3.2.5! Businesses!..........................................................................................................................................!13!

3.3! BROADER)COMMUNITY)DEVELOPMENT)ACTIVITIES)–)ONVGOING)STUDIES)....................................)13!3.4! AGRICULTURAL)DEVELOPMENT)STRATEGY).......................................................................................)13!

3.4.1! Background!........................................................................................................................................!13!3.4.2! Opportunities!....................................................................................................................................!14!

3.4.2.1! Rice)............................................................................................................................................................)14!3.4.2.2! Other)Crops)............................................................................................................................................)14!3.4.2.3! Cashew).....................................................................................................................................................)15!3.4.2.4! Cattle)........................................................................................................................................................)15!3.4.2.5! Small)Ruminants)and)Poultry).......................................................................................................)16!

3.4.3! Overview!of!the!Agricultural!Development!Strategy!.......................................................!16!3.4.4! Agriculture!.........................................................................................................................................!17!

3.4.4.1! Cashew).....................................................................................................................................................)17!3.4.4.2! Rice)............................................................................................................................................................)17!3.4.4.3! Fruit)and)Vegetables).........................................................................................................................)18!3.4.4.4! PostQHarvest)..........................................................................................................................................)18!

3.4.5! Livestock!.............................................................................................................................................!19!

GAC!–!Mining!Infrastructure!–!Livelihood!Restoration!Plan! ii!


3.4.5.1! Cattle)........................................................................................................................................................)19!3.4.5.2! Small)Ruminants)and)Poultry).......................................................................................................)19!

3.4.6! Implementation! Roles! and! Responsibilities! for! the! Agricultural!Component!........................................................................................................................................!19!

3.5! REVENUEVGENERATING)ACTIVITIES)...................................................................................................)20!3.6! MONITORING)AND)EVALUATION).........................................................................................................)22!

4.! IMPLEMENTATION)......................................................................................................................................)23!4.1! ROLES)AND)RESPONSIBILITIES)............................................................................................................)23!4.2! BUDGET)................................................................................................................................................)23!

!

Tables:)TABLE)1.)SUMMARY)OF)PROJECT)DISPLACEMENT)IMPACTS)..........................................................................)4!TABLE)2.)PROJECT)IMPACTS)ON)LAND)PLOTS).................................................................................................)5!TABLE)3.)KEY)COMPONENTS)OF)AGRICULTURAL)DEVELOPMENT)INTERVENTIONS)..................................)16!TABLE)4.)AGRICULTURAL)COMPONENT)–)ROLES)AND)RESPONSIBILITIES).................................................)19!

!

Figures:)FIGURE)1)–)PROJECT)LOCATION)WITHIN)GUINEA)..........................................................................................)3!FIGURE)2)–)LAND)CATEGORIES)AND)ASSOCIATED)FARMING)SYSTEMS)..........................................................)7!FIGURE)3)–)DISTRIBUTION)OF)AFFECTED)ANNUAL)CROPS).............................................................................)8!FIGURE)4)–)DISTRIBUTION)OF)AFFECTED)TREES)............................................................................................)9!

!

Acronyms:)!AfDB! African!Development!Bank!ESHIA!! Environmental,!Social!and!Health!Impact!Assessment!!FG!! Franc)Guinéen)(Guinean!Franc)!!FGD! Focus!Group!Discussion!GAC! Guinea!Alumina!Corporation!GIS!! Geographic!Information!System!GNF! Guinean!Franc!!IFC!! International!Finance!Corporation!!IFC!PSs!! International!Finance!Corporation!Performance!Standards!!ISS! Integrated!Safeguards!System!LACR!! Land!Acquisition,!Compensation!and!Resettlement!LACRF!! Land!Acquisition,!Compensation!and!Resettlement!Framework!NGO!! Non`Governmental!Organization!!NTFP!! Non!Timber!Forest!Product!PS!! Performance!Standard!RGA! Revenue`Generating!Activity!RAP!! Resettlement!Action!Plan!!USD!! United!States!Dollar!!!

GAC!–!Mining!Infrastructure!–!Livelihood!Restoration!Plan! 3!


1. INTRODUCTION)–)SCOPE)AND)PURPOSE)OF)THIS)DOCUMENT)

1. This!document! is! the!Livelihood!Restoration!Plan! (LRP)! for! the!mining! infrastructure!of! the!Guinea!Alumina!Corporation!(GAC)!Project.!It! is!meant!as!a!complement!to!the!Resettlement!Action! Plan! (RAP)! and! should! be! read! in! conjunction!with! the! same.! The!RAP! and! the! LRP!together! address! the! land! acquisition! and! displacement! impacts! related! to! mining!infrastructure! in! the! locality! of! Béli! Kindy! (Guinea,! Boké! Prefecture,! Tanéné! Préfecture,!Danbanguian! District,! Béli! Kindy! Sector).! It! was! prepared! independently! by! Frederic!Giovannetti,!an!international!resettlement!consultant.!

2. The!RAP!and!the!LRP!are!based!on!compensation!and!livelihood!restoration!principles!stated!in!the!Land!Acquisition,!Compensation!and!Resettlement!Framework.!

3. The! Project! and! the! Project! Sponsor! Emirates! Global! Aluminium! (“EGA”)! are! presented! in!details!in!the!RAP!(and!other!publicly!available!documents!such!as!the!Environmental,!Social,!and!Health!Impact!Assessment!`!ESHIA).!!

4. Figure!1!below!presented!the!general!location!of!the!Project!within!Guinea.!

!Figure)1)–)Project)Location)Within)Guinea)!

!!

Bauxite)quarries)in)Sangarédi)Prefecture)

Port)in)Kamsar)



2. SUMMARY)OF)PROJECT)LIVELIHOOD)IMPACTS)

2.1 PROJECT)DISPLACEMENT)IMPACTS)

5. Three!villages!and!a!number!of!smaller!hamlets!are!affected!by!the!Project:!

o Villages:!o Béli!Kindy!Missidé!(or!Béli!Kindy!Mosquée);!o Béli!Kindy!Cité;!o Bhoundou!Lengué;!

o Hamlets:!!o Balahoun!Pont;!o Béli!Kindy!Maison;!o Filow!Bowal;!o Pompo!Kawassa;!o Sinthiourou!Dadhè!Pompo.!

6. These!communities!are!all! located! in! the!District!of!Dambantian,!Sous`Préfecture!of!Tanéné,!Préfecture!of!Boké.!!

7. The! table! below! recapitulates! key! indicators! of! Project! displacement! impacts! on! houses,!farms,!and!households.!

!

Table)1.)Summary)of)Project)Displacement)Impacts)

!Total!affected!area!(hectares)! 230!Number!of!physically!displaced!households! 176!Number!of!physically!displaced!individuals! 1,494!Number!of!economically!displaced!households!(economically!only)!

55!

Total!number!of!affected!households! 231!Number!of!affected!houses! 201!Number!of!affected!family!homesteads! 104!Number!of!affected!non`residential!structures! 423!Number!of!affected!businesses! 5!Number!of!affected!residential!plots! 170!Surface!area!of!affected!residential!plots!(hectares)! 27.28!Average!surface!area!of!affected!residential!plots!(m2)! 1,600!Number!of!affected!agricultural!plots! 139!Surface!area!of!affected!agricultural!plots!(hectares)! 114.96!Average!surface!area!of!affected!agricultural!plots!(m2)! 8,270!Number!of!affected!fruit!trees! 70,552!

!

2.2 AFFECTED)LAND)

8. The!Project!affects!a!total!of!about!230!hectares!of!land.!This!land!is!not!titled!and!is!held!on!a!customary!basis!by!neighbouring!communities!and!individuals.!A!total!of!309!land!plots!have!been!identified!as!affected,!the!total!size!of!which!is!142.2!hectares.!Within!this:!

o 139!are!agricultural!(115!ha!in!total);!o 170!are! residential! (which!means! that! there! is! at! least!one!house!but! the! land!plot! can!

also!(and!in!most!cases!does)!include!trees!and!crops),!totalling!27!ha.!



9. The!table!below!shows!the!distribution!of!these!land!plots!between!the!different!communities.!!

!

Table)2.)Project)Impacts)on)Land)Plots)!!! Béli!

Kindy!Cité!

Béli!Kindy!Missidé!

Bhoun`dou!

Lengué!

Béli!Kindy!Maison!

Balahoun!Pont!

Filow!Bowal!

Pompo!Kawassa!

S.!Dadhé!Pompo!

Total)

Number!of!affected!residential!land!plots!

27! 36! 48! 1! 11! 34! 7! 6! 170)

Number!of!affected!agricultural!land!plots!

36! 29! 27! 1! 2! 18! 13! 13! 139)

Total!number!of!affected!land!plots!

63! 65! 75! 2! 13! 52! 20! 19! 309)

Cumulated!size!of!affected!residential!land!plots!(hectares)!

2.38! 7.90! 6.57! 1.25! 0.97! 4.15! 1.97! 2.08! 27.28)

Cumulated!size!of!affected!agricultural!land!plots!(hectares)!

32.32! 20.02! 12.02! 2.20! 0.19! 14.40! 13.57! 20.25! 114.96)

Total!size!of!affected!land!plots!(hectares)!

34.70! 27.91! 18.59! 3.46! 1.16! 18.55! 15.54! 22.33! 142.24)

!

2.3 BRIEF)DESCRIPTION)OF)AFFECTED)LIVELIHOODS)

2.3.1 Overview)

10. Main!livelihood!activities!are!subsistence!agriculture!(extensive!slash!and!burn!farming!with!fallow!on!the!slopes!and!market!gardening!and!orchards!in!the!valley),!some!natural!resource!gathering! (fruit,! roots,! charcoal),! small`scale! livestock! farming,! small! roadside! commerce!(particularly! related! to! charcoal),! and! cashew! tree! plantation,! which! is! an! important! (and!growing)! source! of! income.! Mining! activities! have! a! limited! employment! impact! in! the!concession! area! at! this! time! (CBG! has! operated! a! large! scale! mining! concession! next! to!Sangarédi!since!1973);!they!do,!however,!affect!population!movements!and!land!use!(retired!CBG!employees!have!settled!and/or!invested!in!cashew!plantation!in!the!area).!

2.3.2 Agricultural)Systems)2.3.2.1 Land)and)Soil)Categorisation)

11. The!area!is!composed!of!vast!plateaus!separated!by!steep!valleys!carved!out!by!many!streams!and! rivers! that! belong! to! the! Tinguilinta! river! watershed! (and! Rio! Nunez).! Slopes! are!relatively!gentler!in!the!Southern!part!of!GAC’s!concession!(where!the!affected!area!is!located)!compared!to!the!North.!

12. Communities!classify!and!describe!lands!as!follow:!

o The!plateaus!(“Bowé”):!Plateaus!are!covered!by!a!thick! lateritic!crust!unsuitable! for!any!agriculture.!Productivity!of!this!soil!is!poor,!with!the!exception!of!very!small!depressions,!where! vegetation! can! grow! and! some! short`term! agricultural! activities! can! take! place.!Those! small! depressions! with! a! deeper! soil! are! named! “Hunsiré”.! “Bowé”! are!characterised!by!a!rocky!aspect!and!sparse!herbaceous!vegetation!used!for!construction!(thatch!for!roofing).!

o Hillsides!with!a! thin! colluvial! soil! are!named! “Djolol”)and!are!much!more! favourable! to!agriculture.! “Djolol”! are! the! most! important! areas! for! annual! crops,! with! a! shifting!cultivation!cycle!(slash!and!burn,!fallow).!

o Rocky!hillsides!without! soil! are!named! “Donghol”.! They!are! characterised!by!a! shrubby!vegetation! with! spontaneous! trees.! They! are! unsuitable! for! agriculture.! “Donghol”! are!used! by! livestock! during! the! rainy! season! and! for! collection! of! Non! Timber! Forest!Products!(NTFP).!



o Valley! bottoms! and! flat! areas! with! deep! soils! are! named! “N’dantari”,! and! are! usually!characterised! by! an! acid! and! permeable! ferralitic! soil.! Where! the! soil! is! particularly!humid,! it! takes! the!name!of! “Faro”,)or! “Lopperé”! if!waterlogged.! Intensively! farmed,! the!“N’dantari”!is!characterised!by!dense!vegetation!when!not!exploited.!

13. The!figure!below!provides!a!summary!graphic!representation!of!land!types!and!corresponding!farming!systems!and!typical!crops.!

2.3.2.2 Outer)Fields)

14. In! addition,! and! superimposed! to! these! different! agroècological! units,! another! important!distinction! is! that! between! “outer! fields”! located! well! outside! villages,! and! “inner! fields”!located!within!the!village!builtùp!areas!(usually!referred!to!as!“tapades”).!

15. Outer!fields!are!typically!devoted!to!slash!and!burn!extensive!farming!and!grazing,!and!most!of! them! are! located! on! hillside! “Djolol”) land.! The! normal! farming! cycle! includes! clearing!natural!vegetation!(slash!and!burn),!and!sowing!upland!rice,! fonio,!or!groundnuts.!Typically,!cultivation! lasts! for! a!maximum!of! two!years! and! land! is! then! returned! to! fallow! for!4! to!5!years.!According!to!the!2015!SEIA,!farmers!in!the!area!would!require!5!to!7!times!more!land!than!what! is! actually! farmed! in! one! given! year.! Farmers! value! the! size! of! the! “Djolol”! land,!rather!than!the!fertility!of!the!soil.!!

16. Small!gardening!plots!are!also!cultivated!on! “Djolol”! land!during! the! rainy!season.! “Hunsiré”)land! can! also! be! used! for! upland! rice! and! other! annual! farming,! but! land! plots! are! usually!small!and!cultivation!does!not!exceed!one!year.!!

17. Shrubby! and! wooded! areas,! unsuitable! for! agriculture! (“Donghol”),! are! used! for! livestock!grazing!and!collection!of!Non!Timber!Forest!Product!(NTFL).!“Faro”!and!“Lopperé”! lands!are!used!for!annual!and!perennial!crops,!including!gardening!and!tree!plantations.!

2.3.2.3 “Tapades”)

18. Compound!fields!or!“tapades”!are!located!in!flat!and/or!low!lands,!include!a!mix!of!residential!houses!and!small!fields.!These!fields!(and!villages!accordingly)!are!located!on!“N’dantari”!land.!Farming!there! is! intensive.!“N’dantari”! land! is! fertilised!by!human!and!animal!organic!waste!and!ashes,!turning!it!into!an!“anthroposoil”!and!the!most!productive!soils!in!the!local!farming!system.! Compound! fields! and! housing! are! structured! in! family! homesteads! named! “Gallé”,!grouped! together! to! form! a! village.! These! are! easily! identified! by! the! presence! of! a! great!number! of! planted! fruit! trees! (mangoes,! orange,! colas,! palm! tree,! cashew! etc.)! with!interspersed! tubers! and! annual! crops! (maize,!manioc,! tomatoes,! sweet! potatoes,! peas,! okra!etc.).!In!the!area!and!contrary!to!typical!Peul!“Gallé”!in!Fouta!Djallon,!fences!are!uncommon.!

2.3.2.4 Cashew)Plantations)

19. Large! cashew! tree! plantations! have! developed! in! the! area! since! the! early! 2000s! and! the!traditional! agro`pastoral! system! is! changing! as! a! result.! “N’dantari”) lands! are! currently!entirely!used,!either!by!“tapades”!in!builtùp!areas,!or!by!cashew!plantations!in!between!builtùp! areas.! “N’dantari”) land! outside! of! “tapades”! is! now! being! sold! for! the! establishment! of!cashew!plantations.!Availability!of! “N’dantari”) land! for!gardening!and!annual! crops! tends! to!decrease!accordingly.!Also,!“Donghol”!and!“Djolol”!lands!are!turned!to!cashew!plantation,!even!if! this! trend! only! started! recently! and! farmers’! natural! tendency! is! to! keep! these! areas!dedicated! to! slash! and! burn! systems! and! annual! crops,! particularly! rice,!which! is! the!main!staple,!and!groundnut.!

2.3.2.5 Non)Farmed)Areas)

20. Areas!that!are!unsuitable!for!agriculture!activities!are!used!for!collection!of!timber!and!NTFP,!hunting! and! grazing.! This! is!mainly! relevant! to! “Bowé”! land! both! on! plateaus! and! in! lower!areas.!These!are!burnt!every!year!at!the!end!of!the!rainy!season!to!trigger!regrowth!of!young!grass!that!is!considered!specifically!beneficial!to!cattle.!

GAC$–$Mining$Infrastructure$–$Livelihood$Restoration$Plan$ 7$

F.Giovannetti$–$Rev.1$–$January$2017$

Figure'2'–'Land'Categories'and'Associated'Farming'Systems'$

$$$$$



2.3.3 Affected*Agriculture*2.3.3.1 Land)Plots)Used)for)Agriculture)

21. With$the$exception$of$two$patches$of$virtually$sterile$“bowé”$land$on$both$sides$of$Béli$Kindy$Cité$(see$Figure$8$above),$the$affected$area$is$intensively$used$for$agriculture,$with$two$main$types$of$land$plots$(see$additional$details$on$land$use$and$land$tenure$in$section$2.3.2$and$4.6$below):$

o Housing$patterns$ in$villages$are$ relatively$ loose$ (low$density$of$houses),$ and$crops$and$trees$ are$ planted$ between$ houses$ (such$ land$ plots$ are$ locally$ known$ as$ “tapades”).$“Tapades”$are$generally$highly$fertile,$as$kitchen$and$animal$waste$is$dumped$there.$They$are$intensively$cultivated$with$tubers$such$as$taro,yam$or$manioc$,$annual$crops$such$as$sorghum,$maize,$okra,$sweet$potato$and$other$vegetables,$and$trees,$particularly$citruses$of$various$species,$mango,$papaya$and$cashew.$These$land$plots$have$been$considered$as$“residential”$ in$ the$ census$ as$ they$ contain$ one$ or$ several$ residential$ houses;$ 170$ land$plots$of$this$type$are$affected,$and$their$average$size$is$about$1,600$m2;$

o In$addition$to$these$“tapades”,$there$are$purely$agricultural$land$plots,$most$of$which$are$used$for$plantations$of$cashew$trees$(possibly$with$other$trees).$As$mentioned$in$Table$2$above,$139$such$agricultural$land$plots$are$affected,$with$a$total$surface$area$of$about$115$hectares$(average$size$of$one$land$plot:$8,270$m2).$

2.3.3.2 Affected)Crops)and)Trees)

22. Annual$crops$that$were$found$in$the$surveys$are$shown$in$the$following$figure$and$table:$

$Figure*3*–*Distribution*of*Affected*Annual*Crops*$$

Rice$ $36,037$$$$

Manioc$ $49,954$$$$Mixed$crops$ $17,375$$$$

Niébé$(local$bean)$ $11,515$$$$Pineapple$ $6,342$$$$

Taro$ $4,683$$$$

Groundnut$ $2,674$$$$Pepper$ $2,564$$$$$$$

23. Rice$grown$in$the$area$is$rainfed,$hillside$rice$(as$opposed$to$irrigated$rice$grown$in$paddies).$

24. A$ significant$ proportion$ of$ agricultural$ land$ was$ identified$ to$ be$ fallow$ at$ the$ time$ of$ the$survey.$ Land$ was$ identified$ as$ fallow$ (as$ opposed$ to$ unused$ land)$ where$ an$ individual$ is$claiming$ traditional$ ownership$ and$ there$ are$ obvious$ signs$ that$ the$ land$has$been$used$ for$agriculture$in$the$recent$past$(in$the$last$10$years),$such$as$signs$that$trees$were$cut$or$burned$and$recently$grown$brush.$The$surface$area$of$identified$fallow$land$is$45.5$hectares.$

25. The$following$figure$shows$the$distribution$of$the$70,552$trees$that$have$been$identified$in$the$Project$affected$area:$

$

Rice*27%*

Manioc*38%*

Mixed*crops*13%*

Niébé*(local*bean)*9%*

Pineapple*5%*

Taro*4%*

Groundnut*2%*

Pepper*2%*



Figure*4*–*Distribution*of*Affected*Trees*$$

Total$number$of$trees$ 70,552$

Cashew$ 37,850$Banana$ 11,800$

Palm$ 8,879$

Mango$ 7,519$Citrus$(Orange)$ 1,868$

Bamboo$ 676$Guyava$ 647$

Citrus$(Lemon)$ 646$$$

2.3.4 Affected*Businesses*

26. 5$businesses$have$been$ identified$and$surveyed.$These$businesses$use$a$dedicated$structure$and$include$the$following$(see$photographs$on$page$Erreur*!*Signet*non*défini.):$

o 3$charcoal$sellers$along$the$national$highway$RN$22;$

o 2$general$ shops$ (household$ items,$mobile$phone$recharge,$etc…)$ in$Filow$Bowal$on$ the$national$highway$and$in$Bhoundou$Lengué.$

2.3.5 Natural*Resources*of*Significance*to*Livelihoods*2.3.5.1 Bowé)Land)

27. There$are$two$areas$of$bowé$land$(lateritic$soil,$infertile$and$not$arable)$on$either$side$of$Béli$Kindy$Cité,$which$are$used$by$ local$residents$to$gather$straw$at$ the$end$of$ the$rainy$season.$This$resource$is$locally$used$to$build$thatch$roofs$but$a$significant$part$is$sold$on$the$road$for$use$elsewhere.$

2.3.5.2 Forest)

28. The$most$ significant$ forest$ that$ is$ affected$ is$ the$ gallery$ along$ the$ Pompo$ stream$ between$Bhoundou$Lengué$and$Béli$Kindy.$Some$of$the$timber$that$is$available$in$this$patch$of$forest$may$be$used$as$fuel$word$or$for$production$of$charcoal,$but$compared$to$other$areas$that$are$available$in$the$vicinity$for$similar$use$this$appears$as$a$fairly$marginal$resource.$

2.3.6 Other*activities*2.3.6.1 Small)business)

29. Petty$ trade$ is$ an$ important$ activity$ for$women:$ it$ is$ the$ second$most$ important$ activity$ for$28%$of$women$heads$of$households$and$for$16$%$of$the$general$population.$Women$sell$on$tables$ set$ in$ front$ of$ their$ houses$ items$ such$ as$ cigarettes,$ tea,$ sugar,$ and$ during$ the$harvesting$ season$ they$ can$ also$ sell$ bananas,$ tomatoes,$ groundnuts,$ etc.$ on$ the$ roadside.$Some$ women$ also$ sell$ prepared$ food$ (attiéké1,$ fishball,$ doughnuts$ etc.)$ on$ the$ road$ or$peddling$between$villages.$

30. 5$businesses$are$located$in$the$Projectcaffected$area,$mostly$located$on$the$roadside$(in$Filow$Bowal$and$Bhoundou$Lengué).$These$are$ small$ shops$where$ inhabitants$ can$buy$household$items$and$basic$products$(salt,$soap,$sugar,$batteries,$cooking$oil,$cigarettes,$sweets$etc…).$

31. There$ are$ additional$ charcoal$ and$ fuelwood$ sellers$ on$ the$ BokécSangarédi$ highway,$ who$establish$temporary$selling$points$during$the$harvest$period.$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$1)) Fermented)manioc)pulp.)

Cashew*54%*

Banana*17%*

Palm*13%*

Mango*11%*

Citrus*(Orange)*2%*

Bamboo*1%*

Guyava*1%*

Citrus*(Lemon)*1%*



2.3.6.2 Palm)oil)production)

32. Palm$oil$production$is$a$seasonal$female$activity$and$a$source$of$income.$Between$December$and$ April,$ women$ would$ pay$ men$ to$ gather$ palm$ oil$ nut,$ and$ then$ transform$ it$ in$ three$different$ products:$ red$ palm$ oil,$ palm$ kernel$ oil$ for$ cooking,$ and$ palm$ kernel$ oil$ for$saponification.$ Palm$ oil$ is$ selfcconsumed$ and$ sold$ in$ Tinguilinta$market.$Women$ from$ Béli$Kindy$are$more$ involved$than$others$ in$palm$oil$production$since$they$have$free$access$to$a$significant$number$of$wild$and$selected$palm$oil$trees.$

2.3.6.3 Artisans)

33. A$number$of$households$complement$their$agricultural$income$by$artisanal$activities,$mainly$in$ the$ construction$ area$ (carpenters,$ bricklayers,$ woodworkers),$ mechanics$ and$blacksmithery,$and$tailoring.$Several$traditional$healers$have$also$been$identified$in$the$area:$7$heads$of$households$have$declared$traditional$medicine$(or$“maraboutage”)$as$their$first$or$secondary$source$of$ income.$ In$addition,$a$ few$young$men$use$ their$personal$motorbikes$as$taxis.$

2.3.6.4 Formal)employment)

34. Formal$ employment$ is$ of$ little$ significance,$ with$ only$ 14%$ declaring$ wagecearning$ jobs$ as$their$first$or$second$source$of$income.$7$heads$of$households$are$currently$employed$at$CBG$and$one$head$of$household$receives$a$pension$ from$CBG$after$ retirement.$These$ individuals$have$ all$ invested$ in$ cashew$ nut$ plantation$ and$ have$ built$ a$ secondary$ house$ there,$ where$other$ household$members$ are$ living,$ but$ are$ still$ living$ in$ Sangarédi$ themselves.$ They$ are$mainly$found$in$Filow$Bowal$and$Bhoundou$Lengué.$GAC$also$provided$temporary$work$but$there$ is$no$permanent$GAC$or$GAC$contractor$employee$ living$ in$ the$affected$villages$ (most$permanent$GAC$employees$reside$in$Sangarédi$town$or$in$Tinguilinta$village).$$

2.3.7 Gender*Aspects*of*Livelihoods*

35. Village$interviews$and$focus$group$meetings$indicate$that$men$and$women$are$both$involved$in$household$livelihoods$with$wellcdefined$roles$and$responsibilities:$

o Men$have$specific$responsibilities$ like$school$ fees,$managing$access$ to$agricultural$ land,$paying$for$clearing$land,$paying$a$part$of$the$food$to$each$wife$(“la)sauce”),$dealing$with$local$and$administrative$authorities;$$

o Women$ are$ in$ charge$ of$ producing$ food$ for$ themselves$ and$ their$ children$ and$ earning$additional$ cash$ income$ for$ expenditures$ related$ to$ their$ children$ (particularly$ clothes,$healthcare$and$education).$In$case$of$temporary$hardship,$they$can$rely$on$their$husband.$In$polygamous$households,$ each$wife$ caters$ for$her$own$children.$Economy$of$ each$cocspouse$is$separate$and$autonomous.$$

36. Activities$and$incomes$are$gender$specific:$

o Market$gardening,$growing$groundnut$and$producing$palm$oil$are$women$activities$and$their$first$sources$of$income.$Petty$trade$is$an$additional$source$of$income$for$women;$

o In$ contrast,$ cashew$ nut,$ artisanal$ professions,$ and$ formal$ employment$ are$ maleconly$sources$of$livelihood.$

37. However,$many$of$these$activities$require$some$level$of$cooperation$between$men$and$women$even$if$the$income$is$not$shared.$For$example:$

o Producing$charcoal$production$is$a$male$task,$but$marketing$it$is$a$female$task;$

o Palm$oil$production$and$marketing$are$female$activities,$but$men$have$to$be$involved$to$harvest$the$fruit;$

o Cashew$ nut$ production$ is$ a$ male$ activity$ but$ women$ participate$ in$ weeding$ and$harvesting$activities.$

38. Women$tend$to$be$marginalized$in$terms$of$land$access,$and$specific$attention$is$required$in$devising$compensation$and$resettlement$entitlements$such$that$they$do$not$risk$losing$out$in$



the$process.$Also$a$ resettlement$ site$ that$would$be$more$remote$ from$the$national$highway$will$be$detrimental$to$women$as$they$currently$benefit$from$the$proximity$of$the$road$as$they$use$to$market$fruit$and$other$locally$produced$stuff.$

2.4 KEY*IMPLICATIONS*IN*THE*PERSPECTIVE*OF*LIVELIHOOD*RESTORATION*

39. Men$ and$ women$ are$ both$ involved$ in$ agricultural$ activities$ with$ wellcdefined$ roles$ and$responsibilities.$ Agricultural$ products$ and$ income$ remain$ under$ the$ control$ of$ each$ adult$within$the$household.$While$women$have$their$own$harvest$to$feed$themselves,$their$children$and$their$husband,$their$access$to$agricultural$land$is$dependent$on$their$husband’s$ability$to$secure$land$for$all$household$members.$

40. The$key$staple,$rice,$is$produced$on$“Djolol”$land$(hillsides)$for$the$most$part.$This$type$of$land$is$ not$ significantly$ affected$ by$ the$ Project.$ As$ people$ are$ resettled$ close$ enough$ to$ their$current$ “Djolol”$ fields,$ they$ will$ be$ able$ to$ continue$ farming$ there,$ and$ their$ food$ security$should$not$be$much$affected$ in$ the$short$ term.$However,$regardless$of$Project$ land$ impacts,$food$security$will$be$affected$in$the$long$term$anyway$as$the$slash$and$burn$techniques$that$are$used$on$ “Djolol”$ land$are$ reaching$ the$point$where$ they$ are$not$ sustainable$ any$ longer,$with$shorter$fallow$periods$already$detrimental$to$fertility.$

41. The$most$ valuable$ land$ type$ in$ the$ agricultural$ system$ is$ “N’dantari”$ land,$which$ has$ been$fertilised$ by$ decades$ of$ human$ influence$ and$ where$ intensive$ gardening$ and$ orchards$ are$located.$ Replacing$ the$ quality$ of$ this$ land$ will$ be$ challenging$ as$ levels$ of$ fertility$ may$ be$significantly$ lower$ in$newly$settled$areas$and$will$ take$ time$to$be$reinstated.$As$women$are$more$dependent$on$“N’dantari”$land$than$males,$they$are$likely$to$be$more$affected$than$males$by$the$loss$of$such$land.$

42. Bhoundou$Lengué$differs$ from$ the$ “traditional”$ livelihood$ system,$ as$most$ residents$do$not$have$access$to$“Djolol”$land,$hence$cannot$produce$their$own$food,$and$have$to$rely$on$a$much$more$monetarised$system$as$a$result:$cashew$nut$and$other$cash$crops$have$to$be$produced$to$generate$the$cash$required$to$purchase$food.$

43. More$ generally,$ and$ beyond$ the$ specific$ case$ of$ Bhoundou$ Lengué,$ noncnative$ households$have$ limited$ access$ to$ “Djolol”$ land$ or$ have$ to$ pay$ for$ it,$ and$ have$ a$ different$ livelihood$pattern$as$a$result,$where$cash$crops$are$essential.$$

44. The$ compensation$ mechanism$ and$ the$ timing$ of$ move$ must$ take$ cognisance$ of$ the$agricultural$calendar,$particularly$the$land$preparation$period$for$the$different$crops,$and$the$time$ and$ effort$ it$ takes$ to$ put$ new$ land$ into$ cultivation.$ $ If$ farmers$ are$ unable$ for$displacement$ timing$reasons$ to$engage$ into$normal$ farming,$ this$ inconvenience$will$have$ to$be$factored$in$the$compensation$calculation.$

45. A$ number$ of$ secondary$ activities$ are$ critical$ to$ households$ balancing$ their$ livelihoods$ and$coping$with$potential$hardship.$These$secondary$activities$are$locationcspecific,$at$least$to$an$extent,$and$have$to$be$paid$due$attention$as$resettlement$might$significantly$impact$them:$

o Petty$trade$(including,$for$example,$women$marketing$surpluses$of$fruit)$is$dependent$on$the$proximity$of$the$national$highway;$$

o Charcoal$production$benefits$from$the$ability$to$sell$the$produce$on$the$road;$

o Hunting$ and$ fishing$ are$ marginal,$ but$ collection$ of$ NTFP,$ including$ straw,$ fuelwood,$medicinal$ herbs$ certainly$ appears$ to$ be$ significant$ (it$ is$ a$ contributing,$ albeit$ not$essential$ factor$ of$ livelihoods);$ areas$ where$ NTFP$ are$ collected$ include$ hillsides$ (not$affected)$ and$ plateaus$ (affected);$ the$ selection$ of$ resettlement$ sites$ will$ have$ to$ take$consideration$of$this$factor,$to$the$extent$possible.$



3. LIVELIHOOD*RESTORATION*

3.1 GENERAL*STRATEGY*

46. Key$principles$underlying$the$Project’s$livelihood$restoration$strategy$are$the$following:$

o Specific$measures$will$target$affected$people$and$will$complement$the$compensation$they$receive;$these$include$facilitation$of$agricultural$land$replacement,$preparation$of$tapade$land$ at$ the$ resettlement$ site$ for$ intensive$ agriculture,$ provision$ of$ tree$ saplings,$ and$livelihood$restoration$measures$for$businesses.$

o Other$ livelihood$ restoration$ measures$ will$ be$ integrated$ in$ broader$ community$development$activities$that$target$not$only$displaced$people$but$the$communities$ in$the$broader$Area$of$ Influence$of$ the$Project.$These$measures$are$currently$being$developed$and$will$include,$amongst$others,$support$to$agriculture$and$support$to$business.$

47. Further$sections$are$structured$accordingly:$

o Measures$for$affected$people$only;$

o Livelihood$restoration$measures$that$are$integrated$in$broader$community$development$activities.$

3.2 MEASURES*TARGETTING*AFFECTED*PEOPLE*ONLY*

3.2.1 Access*to*Unaffected*Land*

48. Affected$ people$ will$ be$ able$ to$ continue$ farming$ on$ unaffected$ hillside$ land$ plots$ as$ the$resettlement$ site$ at$Hakoundé$Thiandi$ has$ been$ selected$ to$maintain$ a$ reasonable$ distance$with$ these$ farming$ areas$ (2c5$ km$ depending$ on$ fields,$ slightly$ more$ than$ in$ the$ previous$situation$but$not$such$that$it$could$cause$any$disturbance).$

3.2.2 Compensation*for*Trees*

49. Compensation$for$trees$takes$account$of$the$period$required$to$recestablish$the$plantation$to$its$current$level$of$productivity.$This$compensation$could$be$paid$in$several$instalments$(upon$request$from$the$affected$person)$to$enhance$livelihood$restoration$and$minimise$the$risks$of$cash$misuse.$

3.2.3 Preparation*of*‘Tapade’*Land*for*Agriculture*

50. As$far$as$“tapade”$land$and$the$associated$agricultural$system$is$concerned,$the$resettlement$site$is$designed$to$allow$affected$people$to$reinstate$a$similar$system$within$large$garden$plots$neighbouring$their$residential$plot.$The$size$of$these$garden$plots$will$be$equivalent$to$that$of$existing$affected$gardens.$In$addition,$GAC$will$seek$to$enhance$the$initial$productivity$of$these$virgin$garden$plots$as$follows:$

o Upon$the$completion$of$house$construction,$deep$ploughing$(0.30$to$0.35$m)$will$allow$to$open$the$soil$after$construction$related$compaction;$

o Initial$fertilisation$will$be$applied$based$on$soil$analysis$(in$principle$it$should$entail$deep$sole$ placement$ of$ phosphorus$ and$ potassium$ fertiliser$ and$ superficial$ placement$ of$ a$nitgrogencphosphoruscpotassiumc(NPK)$fertiliser,$plus$microcnutrients$such$as$boron$or$manganese$if$the$need$is$demonstrated$by$soil$analysis);$

o Organic$matter$will$be$applied$(ca.$30$tons/hectare$of$manure)$and$final$soil$preparation$made;$

o Trees$will$be$planted$(see$below).$

51. Agronomist$ input$ will$ be$ sought$ ahead$ of$ construction$ completion$ to$ refine$ the$ above$methodology.$ In$ addition,$ seedlings$ of$manioc,$ banana,$ palm$ tree$ and$ cashew,$ and$ seeds$ of$maize$and$hillside$rice$may$be$made$available$according$to$modalities$that$will$be$discussed$with$the$Resettlement$Committee$in$due$course.$



3.2.4 Provision*of*Tree*Saplings*

52. GAC$will$ provide$decorative$ and$ fruit$ tree$ saplings$ to$ each$ resettled$household$ for$ them$ to$plant$on$and$ in$ front$of$ their$ concession$plot.$Tentatively,$ the$distribution$of$ these$ saplings$has$been$designed$to$provide$a$mix$of$shade$and$productive$trees$grown$in$the$area$for$a$total$plot$size$of$600$m2.$It$will$be$the$following:$

o Neem$(shade$and$decoration$c$Azadirachta)indica):$3;$o Pawpaw$(Carica)papaya):$5;$o Mango$(Mangifera)indica):$2;$o Banana$(Musa):$6$(stumps);$o Citrus$(Citrus)sinensis$or$other$locally$grown$species):$5.$

53. Owners$ and$ communities$ will$ be$ trained$ on$ tree$ protection$ to$ avoid$ destruction$ of$ the$saplings$by$wandering$animals.$

3.2.5 Businesses*

54. The$Business$Moving$Allowance$is$meant$to$cover$business$losses$during$the$period$required$to$recestablish$ the$business,$and$ therefore$covers$ the$ livelihood$restoration.$ In$addition,$ the$resettlement$ site$will$ include$ an$ area$dedicated$ to$ commercial$ uses,$ subject$ to$ consultation$with$the$Resettlement$Committee$and$local$authorities,$and$an$area$dedicated$to$the$affected$and$ relocated$ shops,$ thereby$ facilitating$ livelihood$ restoration$ of$ the$ associated$ business$owners.$

3.3 BROADER*COMMUNITY*DEVELOPMENT*ACTIVITIES*–*ON_GOING*STUDIES*

55. GAC$is$currently$(end$Q4$2016)$undertaking$two$detailed$studies$with$specialised$consultants:$

o Consultants$ Sylvatrop$ of$ France$ and$ Guinea$ are$ preparing$ a$ feasibility$ study$ for$ an$agricultural$ development$ programme$ throughout$ the$ concession$ area.$ A$ first$ report$(‘Agricultural$Development$Strategy’)$has$been$produced$that$addresses$the$assessment$of$ the$ current$ situation$ and$ provides$ a$ road$ map$ for$ future$ activities.$ More$ detailed$action$plans$are$due$in$midc2017.$

o Consultants$rePlan$of$Canada$are$preparing$a$broader$‘Community$Investment$Strategy’.$A$first$draft$plan$is$available$and$will$be$complemented$and$refined$in$the$course$of$the$first$half$of$2017.$

3.4 AGRICULTURAL*DEVELOPMENT*STRATEGY*

3.4.1 Background*

56. Pressure$ on$ land$ in$ the$ concession$ due$ to$ the$ rapid$ demographic$ increase$ (the$ population$doubles$ every$ 20$ year),$mining$ activities,$ the$ somewhat$ uncontrolled$ expansion$ of$ cashew$plantations,$ and$ incmigration$ pose$ a$ significant$ challenge$ to$ traditional$ agriculture,$particularly$the$slashcandcburn,$fallow$based$system$on$hillside$land.$$

57. Average$fallow$duration$has$decreased$in$the$last$30$years$from$the$12c15$years$that$would$be$required$ to$ reinstate$ normal$ soil$ fertility$ to$ 3c5$ years$ currently.$While$ “tapade”$ agriculture$provides$ cash$ crops,$ condiments$ and$ some$ staples$ like$ manioc,$ the$ bulk$ of$ cereals$ (rice,$sorghum,$millet)$and$some$cash$crops$(groundnut)$that$are$critical$to$household$food$security$is$ still$ produced$ on$ hillsides$ using$ slashcandcburn$ techniques.$ These$ techniques$ may$ no$longer$be$sustainable$in$the$long$run$as$they$make$extensive$use$of$a$limited$resource,$hillside$land.$

58. As$outlined$by$Sylvatrop2:$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$2)) Further)sections)of)this)chapter)also)borrow)from)Sylvatrop’s)work)for)GAC)(2016),)with)adaptations.)



o 2,000$ to$ 3,000$ young$ people$ annually$ enter$ the$ labour$ market,$ with$ the$ majority$unskilled;$

o The$number$ of$ small$ inefficient$ farms$ is$ growing$ rapidly$ as$ these$ unskilled$ rural$ youth$have$ no$ alternative$ but$ to$ settle$ on$ family$ land,$ where$ they$ simply$ reproduce$ the$techniques$of$their$parents.$$

o The$ low$ performance$ of$ these$ farms$ is$ related$ to$ various$ factors$ including:$ limited$technical$ knowledge$ (also$ linked$ to$ the$ overall$ weakness$ of$ the$ agricultural$ extension$system),$ low$ investment$ capacities,$ limited$ access$ to$markets,$ attraction$ towards$ cashew$plantation,$and$decreasing$soil$fertility.$$

3.4.2 Opportunities*3.4.2.1 Rice)

59. Raincfed$rice$is$the$main$crop$in$the$concession$area.$Rice$ is$ farmed$on$slopes.$Originally,$rice$was$ planted$ immediately$ after$ fallow$ (i.e.$ about$ 7$ years$ after$ groundnut$ and/or$ fonio).$However,$ lack$ of$ land$ now$ forces$ farmers$ to$ reduce$ the$ fallow$ period$ to$ 3$ to$ 4$ years.$ Rice$cultivation$nowadays$may$also$be$associated$to$cashew$plantations:$rice$is$planted$after$a$plot$has$been$cleared$for$cashew,$but$obvisouly$in$such$cases$production$will$not$be$renewed$on$the$plot$in$question.$$Rice$production$is$primarily$intended$for$family$consumption$but$does$not$fully$cover$food$needs$(3$to$4$month$coverage$for$most$households).$All$cultivation$is$manual.$Labour$requirements$are$significant$and$villages$organise$selfchelp$groups$(consisting$of$more$than$10$people).$$

60. Inputs$ are$ rarely$ used.$ The$ farmers$use$natural$methods$of$ fertilisation$ including$ fallow$and$animal$ corrals.$No$mineral$fertilisers$are$used.$Rice$ fields$ are$ subject$ to$ pest$ attacks$ (mainly$birds$and$rodents)$and$are$exposed$to$stray$livestock$especially$during$the$precharvest$period.$

61. The$productivity$of$rainfed$rice$is$low$(one$tonne$/$ha$or$less)$as$a$result$of$these$challenges.$This$is$mainly$due$to$the$soil$fertility$level,$the$cultural$practices$used$and$the$distribution$of$rainfall$during$the$season.$

62. Main$potential$ improvements$are$related$ to$soil$preparation,$ fertility$management,$with$ the$introduction$of$fertilisers,$and$use$of$improved$varieties.$

3.4.2.2 Other)Crops)

63. All$ households$ grow$ groundnut$ during$ the$ rainy$ season,$ mostly$ on$ hill$ slopes$ after$ rice.$Groundnut$ is$marketed$ by$women$ to$ support$ household$ expenses$ (school$ fees,$ health$ and$social$obligations).$Similar$ to$other$crops,$no$ inputs$are$used.$Maintenance$ is$ limited$to$ light$hoeing$and$monitoring$the$field.$$

64. Other$ open$ field$ crops$ cultivated$ on$ hill$ sides$ include$ fonio,$maize,$ sesame,$millet,$ that$ are$produced$for$home$consumption.$

65. Legumes$are$important$to$maintain$soil$fertility.$Their$use$should$be$improved$or$diversified$as$soil$fertility$is$generally$declining$in$the$area.$

66. Orchards$ in$ tapade$ plots$ include$ a$ variety$of$ fruit$ trees:$ kola,$orange,$ lemon,$avocado,$mango,$pineapple,$ guava,$ mandarin,$ banana,$ cashew,$ coconut,$ and$ soursop,$ almost$ always$ grown$ in$association$with$others.$There$are$no$professional$nurseries$in$the$area$and$the$genetic$quality$of$saplings$is$uncertain.$Post$harvest$losses$are$considerable,$especially$for$mangoes.$

67. Palm$oil$ is$also$produced$by$women,$who$use$ very$ labour$ intensive$ traditional$methods.$ The$bulk$of$production$is$intended$for$sale$and$is$an$important$source$of$income.$There$have$been$valuable$microcprojects$in$the$Northern$part$of$the$concession$to$improve$techniques,$to$the$benefit$of$women.$

68. Vegetables$ are$ grown$ by$ women$ and$ include$ various$ leaves,$ onion,$ lettuce,$ tomato,$ okra,$aubergine,$pepper,$as$well$as$bulbs,$tubers$and$roots$such$as$sweet$potato,$manioc,$yam$and$cocoyam.$ Vegetable$ farms$ are$ small$ and$ underdeveloped.$ There$ are$ no$ active$ providers$ of$advisory$support,$whether$to$cultivation$or$marketing.$



69. Producers$use$seeds$they$find$on$local$markets.$Garden$plots$are$fertilised$using$organic$matter$from$ animals$ and$ domestic$waste.$ The$ use$ of$mineral$ fertilisers$ and$ pesticides$ is$ very$ rare.$Irrigation$water$ is$provided$by$ streams$before$ the$dry$season$(December$ to$February).$From$March$ onwards,$ shallow$wells$ are$ dug$ in$ the$ riverbed.$ No$ improved$ irrigation$ systems$ are$observed$ in$ the$ area.$ Products$are$marketed$within$ communities$ and$at$a$weekly$market$in$Tinguilinta.$$Occasionally,$these$products$reach$the$Sangarédi$market.$

70. Vegetable$crops$can$be$an$interesting$alternative$in$view$of$the$shortage$of$land.$There$are$lots$of$opportunities$for$improvement:$water$sources$(improved$wells),$fencing$to$avoid$damage$by$wandering$ livestock,$ improved$ irrigation$ techniques$ and$ agricultural$ techniques.$ Access$ to$markets$ and$ collective$ management$ of$ common$ facilities$ are$ key,$ as$ is$ campaign$ credit$ to$allow$access$to$inputs.$

3.4.2.3 Cashew)

71. The$cashew$tree$was$introduced$in$Guinea$in$the$late$1940s.$Its$initial$introduction$seems$to$have$been$for$environmental$reasons$rather$than$commercial,$trees$being$planted$to$mitigate$erosion$ and$ to$ provide$ hedges$ for$ agricultural$ plantations.$ Since$ 2010$ however,$ there$ has$been$very$significant$increase$in$cashew$production$$

72. The$majority$of$ the$ cashew$plantations$are$established$without$ chemical$ fertilisers$by$direct$nut$seeding$and$nurseries$with$selected$varieties$are$rarely$used$by$farmers.$Plantations$as$a$whole$are$characterised$by$very$high$densities$of$trees,$which$is$countercproductive,$ and$ the$possibilities$of$crop$associations$in$the$long$term.$Also,$plantations$are$poorly$maintained$as$a$result$of$high$densities$and$become$more$susceptible$to$fire.$$

73. Plantations$expand$at$a$ rapid$rate,$competeing$with$raincfed$rice$growing$and$cattle$ farming.$Almost$ all$ cashew$ nuts$ are$ exported.$ The$ proportion$ of$ nuts$ processed$ in$ the$ area$ is$insignificant,$with$only$lower$quality$nuts$being$processed$locally.$The$export$chain$is$relatively$simple$with$few$intermediaries.$$

74. There$are$opportunities$for$improving$the$productivity$of$plantations,$as$follows:$

o More$reasonable$densities;$

o Better$management$of$associated$crops;$

o Fertilisation$and$maintenance$of$the$plantation,$particularly$better$weeding.$

3.4.2.4 Cattle)

75. Cattle$ is$predominant$ in$and$around$the$concession$and$ it$ is$estimated$ that$ there$are$about$ten$ thousand$ heads$ cattle$ in$ the$ area.$ Livestock$ is$ primarily$ intended$ for$ hoarding$(capitalisation)$ and$ to$ a$ lesser$ extent$ for$ the$ production$ of$meat$ (ceremonies)$ and$milk$ (in$winter).$The$ local$ breed$ (N’Dama)$ is$resistant$ to$ trypanosomiasis,$ but$ is$ relatively$ small$and$with$very$low$milk$production$(0.5$to$1$liter$per$day).$$

76. Periods$of$animal$caretaking$alternate$with$ periods$when$ livestock$wander$ freely.$During$the$‘caretaking’$period,$animals$are$taken$out$of$farming$areas$to$the$bauxitic$plains$and$other$noncfarmed$areas.$During$ the$wandering$period,$ animals$ are$ left$ in$ the$ fields$and$ consume$crop$residues.$$

77. Veterinary$care$is$almost$nonexistent.$Vaccinations$are$no$longer$provided$by$the$State$which$causes$high$mortality.$$

78. Cattle$ are$ rarely$ sold$ (only$ when$ the$ need$ arises$ in$ the$ household$ for$ the$ organisation$ of$certain$ceremonies$(baptism,$marriage,$ death,$festivals,$etc.).$Meat$is$also$consumed$on$these$occasions.$Milk$is$managed$by$women$and$can$be$processed$(curd$or$butter)$and$sold.$

79. Opportunities$in$regards$of$cattle$breeding$include:$

o Genetic$improvements$(milk$and$meat$production);$

o Feed$and$forage,$with$potential$intensification$of$a$small$part$of$the$herd$based$on$a$‘zerocgrazing’$model$(a$few$animals$kept$in$the$‘tapade’$and$fed$on$a$semicintensive$basis);$



o Veterinary$care.$

3.4.2.5 Small)Ruminants)and)Poultry)

80. Most$rural$families$own$a$few$sheep$and/or$goats.$This$family$herd$is$considered$as$a$savings$account$ and$ is$ generally$managed$ by$ women$ and$ young$ people.$ The$ feed$ is$ obtained$ from$pastures$ around$ the$ village,$ crop$ residues$and$household$waste,$ and$animals$ tend$ to$wander$freely$at$most$periods.$

81. Although$ local$ breeds$ are$ very$ resistant,$ no$ veterinary$ care$ is$ provided$ except$ for$ mass$prophylaxis$ programmes$ and$ individual$ prophylaxis$ performed$ by$ some$ breeders.$ Sporadic$cases$ of$ Small$ Ruminant$ Pest$ (PPR)$ are$ frequent$ and$ cause$ high$mortality.$ Animals$ are$marketed$in$the$villages$or$at$weekly$markets.$$

82. Opportunities$for$intensification$are$generally$similar$to$those$mentioned$for$cattle.$

83. Traditional$ poultry$ rearing$ is$ practised$ everywhere$ by$ women$ and$ children$ with$ minimal$inputs$ and$ equipment$ (rudimentary$ buildings$ or$ no$ buildings$ at$ all,$ opportunistic$ feeding$practices,$ little$ genetic$ improvement$ or$ use$ of$ veterinary$ products).$ The$ local$ breed$ is$dominant,$with$ few$ improved$birds$ introduced$by$pilot$ schemes$ (GAC$ in$2008,$ for$example).$Sometimes$ the$ farmer$ improves$ the$ genetics$ of$ their$ poultry$ by$ selecting$ the$ best$ rooster.$Main$ issues$ include$high$mortality$due$to$disease,$predators$and$a$poor$diet.$Productivity$ is$low$but$poultry$is$still$an$important$source$of$animal$protein$(meat$and$eggs)$for$the$people$of$the$area.$

84. Opportunities$ for$ intensification$ of$ small$ ruminants$ and$ poultry$ production$ are$ generally$similar$to$those$mentioned$for$cattle:$

o Genetic$improvements;$

o Improvement$to$animal$feed$with$introduction$of$forage$crops$and$intensification;$

o Veterinary$care$and$immunisation.$

3.4.3 Overview*of*the*Agricultural*Development*Strategy*

85. In$a$context$where$land$is$increasingly$scarce$and$fertility$is$decreasing,$the$main$challenge$for$the$agriculture$and$ livestock$sectors$ is$ to$ improve$the$productivity$of$production$ systems$ to$reduce$ the$ pressure$ on$ land$ and$ other$ natural$ resources,$ and$ to$ diversify$ agricultural$production$ to$ the$ extent$ reasonable,$ dependent$ on$ marketability$ (intensification$ and$diversification).$Improvements$have$to$be$in$reasonable$increments$as$farmers$are$generally$risk$adverse$and$tend$to$prefer$extensive$systems$to$intensive$ones.$

86. Key$development$components$ identified$by$consultants$Sylvatrop$are$ shown$ in$overview$ in$the$following$table:$

$

Table*3.*Key*Components*of*Agricultural*Development*Interventions*

$

Sectors*of*activities* Interventions*Management$ of$ soil$ fertility$and$water$resources$

Introduction,$testing$and$dissemination$of$crop$species$and$practices$that$ contribute$ to$ soil$ fertility$ management$ (promotion$ of$ agrocecological$practices)$

Introduction,$ testing$ and$ dissemination$ of$ agroforestry$ and$mechanical$ techniques$ reducing$ pressure$ on$ the$ forest$ and$contributing$to$the$reduction$of$erosion$

Agricultural$production$ Improvement$of$raincfed$rice$techniques$

Development$ and$ improvement$ of$ horticultural$ practices$ (market$gardening$and$fruit$growing),$including$smallcscale$irrigation,$use$of$improved$varieties,$etc…$



Sectors*of*activities* Interventions*

Improvement$of$practices$for$cashew$plantations$

Improvement$of$postcharvest$practices$

Animal$production$ Pilot$ actions$ for$ intensification$ of$ cattle$ husbandry$ (quasi$ zerocgrazing)$

Support$ for$ intensification$ of$ short$ cycle$ livestock$ (sheep,$ goats,$poultry)$

Access$to$agricultural$services$ Developing$access$to$farm$advisory$services$

Improved$health$coverage$conditions$(animal$and$plant)$

Organization$of$supplies$of$agrocpastoral$inputs$

Reducing$energy$consumption$ Popularization$ of$ energycefficient$ technologies$ at$ the$ household$level$

$

3.4.4 Agriculture*3.4.4.1 Cashew)

87. Three$levels$of$intervention$will$be$implemented,$as$follows$

o A$study$of$the$situation$of$the$orchards$and$understanding$of$cashew$growers’$strategies$in$ order$ to$ identify$ credible$ courses$ of$ action.$ The$ study$ aims$ at$ understanding$ the$reasons$ why$ yields$ of$ cashew$ plantations$ are$ currently$ so$ low$ (300$ to$ 500$ kg$ /$ ha),$understand$ the$ logic$ and$ strategies$of$producers$based$on$a$ representative$sample,$ and$make$projections$and$operational$recommendations$ to$mitigate$risks$for$food$security$of$the$expansion$of$cashew.$

o The$ implementation$ of$ pilot$ activities$ for$ distribution$ of$ improved$ plant$ material$ and$application$of$improved$crop$management$techniques:$

o A$ network$ of$ ten$ farmer$ ‘leaders’$ active$ in$ the$ cashew$ sector$ will$ be$ identified$ to$implement$ on$ a$ voluntary$ basis$ improved$ production$ technologies$ and$ ensure$ their$distribution$in$the$nearby$area;$

o Organize$an$exchange$of$experience$between$these$farmers$and$model$producers$to$be$identified$ in$ other$ areas,$ and$ training$ at$ the$ facilities$ of$ the$ Agricultural$ Research$Institute$of$Guinea$(IRAG)$that$specialise$in$cashew;$

o Set$up$demonstration$plots$with$pilot$farmers$and$organise$exchange$meetings,$in$the$form$of$farmer$field$schools$in$order$to:$(I)$observe$and$discuss$the$proposed$improved$practices$ on$ plantations$ on$ site$ (maintenance$ of$ the$ plot,$ size,$ etc.),$ (ii)$ develop$plantations$

o Support$to$pilot$schemes$to$increase$locally$added$value$(local$processing$and$packaging).$

3.4.4.2 Rice)

88. Rainfed$rice$is$associated$to$slash$and$burn.$On$relatively$poor$soils,$the$most$frequently$used$rotation$ is$ rice$ c$ fonio$ or$ peanut$ c$ 3$ to$ 4$ years$ of$ fallow.$ Rice$ cultivation$ is$ consequently$associated$ to$ deforestation.$ Yields$ are$ generally$ low$ (rarely$ above$ 1$ t$ /$ ha),$ with$ extensive$techniques$(seeding,$limited$weeding,$post$management).$$

89. The$following$support$will$be$provided:$

o Facilitating$access$to$machinery$to$improve$soil$preparation,$on$conditions$to$progressively$abandon$slash$and$burn;$

o Develop$ soil$ fertility$ restoration$ and$ management$ using$ physical$ measures$ (cordons,$embankments,$hedging)$and$agroecological$techniques$with$the$introduction$of$nitrogencfixing$species;$



o Organize$ a$ study$ tour$ at$ the$ Federation$ of$ Farmers$ of$ Fouta$ Djalon,$ who$ previously$developed$such$agroecological$$techniques;$

o Develop$relationships$with$the$Agricultural$Research$Institute$of$Guinea$(IRAG)$through$its$Kilissi$ research$ facility,$ in$ particular$ to$ implement$ the$ demonstration$ plots,$ experiment$improved$varieties$of$upland$rice$may$be$carried$out$on$rehabilitated$sites.$

90. The$proposed$actions$will$be$implemented$in$a$pilot$phase$with$twenty$volunteer$producers$in$sites$ representative$of$ the$ agroecological$ variations$ in$ the$ area.$ A$monitoring$ system$will$ be$established$ on$ these$ pilot$ plots$ to$ ensure$ the$ quality$ of$ the$ results$ observed$ prior$ to$ their$broader$dissemination.$Regular$ visits$ to$ the$plots$will$be$organized$with$ farmers$ residing$ in$the$vicinity.$$

91. After$ this$pilot$phase,$broader$ support$will$be$provided$ to$produce$and$distribute$ the$plant$material$necessary$for$the$adoption$of$validated$processes.$

3.4.4.3 Fruit)and)Vegetables)

92. Horticultural$crops$are$an$interesting$alternative$to$shrinking$land$resource.$To$the$extent$that$access$to$water$is$secured,$these$operations$allow$for$several$crop$cycles$and$thus$the$benefit$from$ more$ regular$ monetary$ resources.$ The$ development$ of$ the$ mining$ sector$ triggers$ the$expansion$ of$ urban$ centres,$which$ provide$ a$market$ for$ these$products$ (Sangarédi$has$more$than$100,000$inhabitants).$

93. The$main$objective$of$the$horticultural$activity$is$to$supply$urban$markets.$This$activity$must$be$sized$in$a$reasonable$manner$to$avoid$disillusion,$i.e.$according$to$the$market,$the$presence$of$local$competitors,$and$the$ability$of$producers$to$provide$products$at$competitive$prices.$$

94. The$following$support$will$be$provided:$

o Market$ research$ to$understand$ the$ dynamics$ of$ demand,$ flows$ and$ procurement$ cycles,$price$changes,$competition,$the$structure$of$value$chains,$etc,$in$Sangarédi,$Boké$and$some$rural$markets$ that$ are$popular$with$middlemen.$The$ study$will$ define$ production$ goals$(products,$ quantities,$ timing,$ etc.)$ and$ the$outline$of$ the$ support$ to$be$ given$ to$ the$ subc$sector$in$the$area;$

o Technoceconomic$study$to$identify$good$gardening$sites.$The$aim$is$to$set$up$two$gardeners$‘pilot’$ sites$ with$ an$ area$ of$ 2$ ha$ each,$ to$ test,$ amongst$ others,$ the$ use$ of$ watercsaving$irrigation$ techniques,$ new$ species,$ new$ varieties,$ potential$ treatment$ methods,$ and$improved$cultivation$techniques.$These$pilot$sites$would$target$young$men$and$women$and$displaced$people;$

o Support$would$be$provided$to$developing$these$two$sites$(well$/$bore$hole,$infrastructure$and$small$irrigation$equipment,$fencing,$etc.),$and$to$supervising$producers$(improved$seed$treatment$ products$ in$ the$ first$ year,$ training,$ monitoring)$ and$ their$ collective$organisations;$

o Support$to$supply$of$fruit$trees$through$the$creation$of$nurseries$or$other$method$(with$subsidies).$$

95. Further,$ten$farmer$field$schools$will$be$organised$to$disseminate$the$techniques$tested$in$the$pilot$phase$described$above.$$

3.4.4.4 PostXHarvest)

96. Main$products$that$require$postcharvest$processing$are:$rice$(sterilization,$shelling),$fonio,$palm$nut$and$palm$kernel.$Significant$losses$are$experienced$at$present$for$garden$produce$that$may$be$difficult$to$market$at$certain$times.$Also,$storage$conditions$could$be$improved.$

97. Tests$will$be$undertaken,$particularly$for$sterilisation$equipment$(energy$saving,$reduction$of$labour,$product$quality,$etc.)$and$processing$of$palm$nuts.$Exchange$visits$with$women’s$groups$in$other$regions$can$be$organized.$GAC$has$experience$with$ improving$palm$nut$processing$ in$the$Northern$part$of$the$concession$and$this$experience$will$be$used.$



3.4.5 Livestock*3.4.5.1 Cattle)

98. A$pilot$will$be$ implemented$to$progressively$go$towards$a$zerocgrazing$model.$This$ implies$ the$establishment$of$feed$reserves.$Farmers$will$be$trained$to$establishing$reserves$of$quality$forage$(hay)$ during$ the$ period$when$ such$ is$ abundant.$ The$ hay$ could$be$enriched$with$ urea.$ Small$equipment$will$be$provided,$potentially$ including$scythes$and$wheelbarrows.$The$feasibility$of$introducing$ forage$ crops$will$ be$ appraised.$ $ The$ collection,$ storage$ and$ use$ of$ crop$ residues,$especially$rice$straw,$peanut$stalks$and$corn$stubble,$will$be$improved.$Tree$fodder$will$also$be$developed,$and$the$potential$for$production$of$silage$and$mineral$blocks$will$be$looked$into.$$

99. As$ mentioned$ in$ previous$ sections,$ agroforestry$ techniques$ will$ be$ introduced$ (legumes$species)$to$protect$and$enrich$the$soil$(nitrogen)$and$provide$forage.$$

100. Management$ of$ pastoral$ areas$ will$ be$ discussed$ and$ improved,$ with$ support$ to$ the$establishment$of$functional$management$committees.$

101. Manufacturing$ of$ nutritional$multi$ blocks.$ The$ use$ of$ crude$ salt$ can$ stimulate$ the$ animals’$appetite,$ but$ is$ not$ sufficient$ alone$ to$ meet$ all$ the$ animals’$ needs.$ Complementing$ their$mineral$needs$with$locally$produced$blocks$could$provide$a$significant$improvement.$

102. The$establishment$of$small,$farmer$based$fattening$facilities$will$also$be$investigated,$as$well$as$milk$production$facilities.$$

103. Genetic$ improvement$will$be$conducted$by$selecting$well$performing$ individuals$among$ the$livestock$ in$ the$ area$ and$ breeding$ them$ together.$ Genetic$ improvement$will$ be$ considered$only$for$those$farmers$who$have$already$mastered$more$intensive$production$techniques.$

3.4.5.2 Small)Ruminants)and)Poultry)

104. Similar$ to$ activities$ targeting$ cattle,$ beneficiaries$ will$ be$ trained$ on$ improved$ feeding$techniques,$health$monitoring,$habitat$construction$and$financial$management.$

105. In$regards$of$poultry,$ training$and$advisory$support$will$be$provided$ to$ farmers,$particularly$women$and$youth,$on$livestock$management$starting$from$the$choice$of$the$stock,$improving$nutrition,$and$construction$of$pens$well$suited$for$controlling$the$cycle$of$reproduction.$

3.4.6 Implementation*Roles*and*Responsibilities*for*the*Agricultural*Component*

106. The$following$table$shows$roles$and$responsibilities$for$the$agricultural$component:$

$

Table*4.*Agricultural*Component*–*Roles*and*Responsibilities*

$

Institutions* Roles*Departmental$Service$of$Agriculture$

Support$/$advice$;$Linking$producers$with$sector$operators;$Information$on$the$regulation$of$the$sector;$Compliance$check$of$improved$seeds$and$material$;$Compliance$check$of$improved$planting$materials,$products$and$technologies$proposed$;$Provision$of$vegetal$materials;$Producer$training$(phytosanitary$treatment)$and$dissemination$of$new$varieties$/$species.$Conflict$management.$



Institutions* Roles*Departmental$Service$of$Livestock$

Support$/$advice$;$Linking$producers$with$sector$operators;$Information$on$the$regulation$of$the$sector;$Control$and$health$coverage;$Monitoring$and$control$of$genetic$improvement$;$Training$of$animal$health$assistants$;$Control$of$markets$and$slaughtering$;$Conflict$management.$

Private$operators$ Provision$of$procurement$services,$strengthening$the$capacity$of$actors$;$Production$of$improved$planting$material$;$Artificial$insemination$($private$veterinarians$)$;$Requirement$of$compliance$with$specifications$for$the$products$sold.$

Local$authorities$ Monitoring;$Conflict$management$

GAC$ Communication$based$on$community$relay$networks;$Support$for$the$establishment$of$a$local$supervision$system,$monitoring$and$control$of$the$Agricultural$Development$Strategy;$Support$the$funding$of$activities$;$$Lobbying$local$authorities;$Search$for$additional$financial$partners$to$implement$the$strategy.$

$$

3.5 REVENUE_GENERATING*ACTIVITIES*

107. This$area$of$ community$development3$will$ support$ the$development$of$RevenuecGenerating$Activities$ (RGAs)$ in$ order$ to$ promote$ entrepreneurship$ and$ reduce$ dependency$ of$ local$communities$ on$ land$ and$ employment$ with$ GAC$ and$ its$ contractors.$ Activities$ can$ include$small$ trades$ and$ local$ crafts,$ as$ well$ as$ other$ activities$ aimed$ at$ improving$ household$revenues$such$as$beekeeping,$ soap$making,$dye$production,,$palm$oil,$ “athiéké4”$production,$etc.$$

108. These$ RGAs$ may$ take$ various$ forms$ including$ communitycled$ microcprojects,$ as$ in$ the$ 20$communities$ of$ the$ northern$ concession$ where$ GAC$ has$ been$ investing,$ microcfinance$projects,$ support$ to$ local$ cooperatives,$ development$ of$ new$ local$ products$ and$ their$introduction$into$the$market,$increasing$market$access$for$existing$products,$etc.$$

109. RGAs$ will$ prioritise$ physically$ and$ economically$ displaced$ persons.$ RGAs$ will$ also$ benefit$communities$ with$ limited$ access$ to$ arable$ land$ and$ who$ may$ need$ to$ rely$ on$ alternative$livelihood$sources.$$

110. Within$ these$ communities,$women$will$ be$ the$ primary$ beneficiaries,$ along$with$ youth$ to$ a$lesser$extent.$In$fact,$an$important$number$of$RGAs$are$traditionally$taken$up$by$women$as$an$additional$source$of$household$income.$Women$empowerment$and$capacity$building$around$small$trades$and$local$crafts,$small$scale$agriculture$and$farming,$and$other$RGAs$is$therefore$key$to$economic$development$and$increased$autonomy$of$local$communities.$$

111. For$the$past$three$years,$from$2013$to$2015,$GAC$has$been$implementing$“microcprojects”$in$20$communities$of$ the$northern$part$of$ the$concession,$primarily$ in$ the$district$of$Boulléré.$These$projects$ seek$ to$ support$ revenuecgenerating$activities$ for$ local$ communities$and$ rely$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$3)) This)section)is)based)on)the)relevant)section)in)the)draft)Community)Investment)Strategy)(CIS))prepared)

for)GAC)by)consultants)rePlan)(2016).)4)) Athiéké)is)maniocXbased)semolina)originally)produced)in)Ivory)Coast)and)sold)in)Guinea.)Production)

started)in)Guinea)around)2012,)primarily)by)women.)



on$the$active$participation$of$communities$throughout$the$different$stages$of$project$process$from$ identification$ and$ design$ to$ approval,$ implementation,$ monitoring$ and$ evaluation.$Examples$ of$ approved$ microcprojects$ implemented$ in$ 2015$ include$ a$ community$ storage$space$ for$ agricultural$ produce$ and$ equipment;$ fencing$ around$ crops,$ creation$ of$ a$ solarcpowered$video$club,$purchase$of$a$rice$huller,$among$others.$$

112. Villages$submit$project$proposals$to$a$communitycled$assembly$composed$of$representatives$from$ all$ the$ villages$ that$ have$ submitted$ proposals$ and$ the$ sector$ chiefs.$ The$ projects$ are$assessed$ in$ relation$ to$ a$ predefined$ list$ of$ selection$ criteria$ previously$ established$ with$communities,$and$selected$projects$are$then$vetted$by$GAC.$Implementation$and$monitoring$is$led$ by$ the$ communities$ themselves,$ who$ are$ also$ required$ to$ contribute$ financially$ to$ the$project,$with$technical$and$financial$support$from$GAC.$The$projects$are$evaluated$at$an$end$of$year$meeting$where$ lessons$ learned$ are$ discussed$ and$ success$ stories$ shared$ to$ encourage$other$villages$to$replicate$good$management$practice.$$

113. Replicable$microcproject$eligibility$criteria$include:$

o Proposed$project$ should$not$exceed$a$ certain$amount$ to$be$determined$ in$ consultation$with$ local$ authorities$ and$ representatives$ of$ communities$ (say$ in$ the$ order$ of$ USD$20,000$for$example).$$

o Proposed$project$should$demonstrate$broad$community$benefits.$

o Proposed$project$should$demonstrate$revenuecgeneration$objective$and$potential.$

o Other$ GAC$ Community$ Investment$ in$ the$ applying$ village$ should$ be$ maximized$ and$maintained$(infrastructure$maintenance$primarily).$

o Applying$ village$ should$ demonstrate$ that$ previously$ approved$ projects$ have$ been$successfully$ completed$ and$ well$ managed,$ and$ that$ beneficiary$ contribution$ has$increased$from$previously$approved$microcprojects.$

114. Areas$ where$ microcprojects$ could$ be$ developed$ include$ the$ following$ (this$ is$ not$ an$exhaustive$list$and$other$activities$may$have$potential$too):$

o Soap$making;$

o Dyeing;$

o Gari$preparation$(manioc$processing);$

o Market$gardening;$

o Sales$of$fruits$and$vegetables;$

o Palm$oil$processing$and$sale;$

o Beekeeping$and$honey$marketing;$

o Poultry$and$rabbits;$

o Rice$processing;$

o Catering$for$workers;$

o Mototaxis.$

115. Local$ communities$ and$ authorities$ consulted$ during$ the$ Community$ Investment$ Strategy$preparation$process$were$positive$with$respect$to$their$participation$and$involvement$in$the$CI$process.$Most$demonstrated$a$good$understanding$of$ the$CIS$participatory$approach$and$the$importance$of$community$involvement$in$both$project$identification$and$implementation.$Communities$ specifically$ showed$ a$ strong$ support$ for$ revenuecgenerating$ activities$ for$women$and$youth,$and$stressed$the$importance$of$access$to$market$for$local$products.$$

116. The$microcproject$model$will$be$replicated$in$the$southern$concession.$This$approach$requires$extensive$ participation$ of$ communities$ and$ communal$ authorities$ in$ the$ entire$ project$process$ from$ selection$ and$ planning$ to$ implementation$ and$ monitoring.$ This$ ensures$community$ownership$and$therefore$legitimacy$and$acceptance,$especially$given$that$project$selection$ criteria$ are$ established$ jointly$ with$ the$ communities.$ It$ also$ encourages$ direct$



involvement$ of$ sector$ chiefs$ in$ the$ decisioncmaking$ and$ monitoring$ process,$ which$ helps$build$institutional$capacity$around$participatory$processes,$transparence,$representation$and$good$governance$in$general.$$

117. Amongst$other$RGAs,$beekeeping$and$honey$making$will$ be$developed$as$ a$ complementary$livelihood$for$communities$where$arable$land$is$scarce.$Beekeeping$may$also$benefit$the$youth$through$ the$ involvement$ of$ other$ trades$ such$ as$ carpentry$ to$ build$ the$ hives$ and$ metal$welding$ for$ the$ bee$ smoker.$ This$ generates$ alternative$ revenue$ sources$ for$ households,$increases$social$cohesion$in$the$community$and$at$the$same$time$assigns$a$monetary$value$to$the$land$which$contributes$to$environmental$sustainability$objectives$where$slash$and$burn$is$avoided.$$

118. The$ creation$ of$ groups$ of$ local$ producers,$ traders,$ craftsmen,$ etc.$ will$ be$ encouraged$ as$ a$vehicle$ for$ support$ with$ respect$ to$ technical$ and$ business$ management$ aspects$ as$ well$ as$increased$market$access$where$possible.$

3.6 MONITORING*AND*EVALUATION*

119. The$ general$ monitoring$ and$ evaluation$ framework$ applying$ to$ GAC$ compensation,$resettlement$and$ livelihood$restoration$activities$ is$presented$ in$ the$LACRF,$Chapter$9.$This$includes$a$discussion$of$livelihood$impacts$and$restoration$indicators.$$

120. GAC$committed$ to$a$completion$audit,$ the$main$purpose$of$which$will$be$ to$assess$whether$livelihoods$are$restored$or$improved.$



4. IMPLEMENTATION*

4.1 ROLES*AND*RESPONSIBILITIES*

121. As$mentioned$in$section$3.1$above,$measures$include:$

o Specific$measures$that$target$affected$people$only,$including$the$facilitation$of$agricultural$land$ replacement,$ physical$ preparation$ of$ tapade$ land$ at$ the$ resettlement$ site$ for$intensive$agriculture,$provision$of$trees$saplings,$and$livelihood$restoration$measures$for$businesses.$

o Other$ livelihood$ restoration$ measures$ that$ are$ integrated$ in$ broader$ community$development$activities$that$target$not$only$displaced$people$but$the$communities$ in$the$broader$Area$of$ Influence$of$ the$Project.$These$measures$are$currently$being$developed$and$will$include,$amongst$others,$support$to$agriculture$and$support$to$business.$

122. Roles$ and$ responsibilities$ for$ implementation$ of$ these$ measures$ reflect$ the$ categorisation$above$and$responsibilities$within$the$GAC$Project$team:$

o The$ implementation$ of$ specific$measures$ that$ target$ affected$ people$ only$ is$ under$ the$responsibility$of$the$GAC$RAP$team$(Resettlement$Project$Manager);$

o Those$ livelihood$ restoration$ measures$ that$ are$ integrated$ in$ broader$ community$development$ activities$ are$ under$ the$ responsibility$ of$ the$ RAP$ Community$ Investment$Team$(Community$Superintendent).$

4.2 BUDGET*

123. The$budget$for$measures$targeting$affected$people$only$is$USD$731,500,$including:$

o Provision$of$tree$saplings:$$ USD$16,500$

o Soil$preparation$(tapades)$at$the$resettlement$site:$ USD$700,000$

o Money$management$courses:$ USD$15,000$

124. The$development$of$the$budget$for$other$measures$is$currently$in$progress.$

mining)infrastructure)component)) of)the)project)in)béli ...€¦ · 18.01.2017 ·...

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