mini mult pap
TRANSCRIPT
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Comparisons
of the
MMP I
nd
Mini -Mult
DAVID
L.
STREINER, CHRISTEL
A.
W OODW AR D, JOHN
T.
GOODMAN
McMaster University
N
ANTHONY McLEAN
St Joseph s H ospital
ABSTRACT
T he M M P I was compared with
two
forms
of the
Mini-Mult,
one
extra cted from
the
full
M M P I
and one
adm inistered separately. Across
six
samples
of
patie nts, correlations
be-
tween comparable scales ranged from 0.33 to 0.96,with the extracted form havinga
higher median correlation. High-point codes derived from both forms
of the
Mini-Mult
yielded poor agreement with M M P I codes, especially
for the
separately administered
Mini-Mult.
It was
concluded that
the
Mini-Mult
is not a
reliable substitute
for the
M M P I ,butcan be usedtoestimate global pathology.
Although the MMPI is the most widely used objective personality test
(Lubin, Wallis,
&
Paine, 1971; Sundberg
&
Tyler, 1962), its long length of
366 items renders it impractical for use in many situations. Depressed
patients may take as long as five or six hours to complete it, if they can
finish it at all. Patients coming to a crisis-intervention service are often
too agitated or too upset to be able to answer the questions, even if the
199 research items were eliminated. For these and other reasons, there
has been a constant, although heretofore unsuccessful, search for a shorter
form of the
MMPI.
Recently, Kincannon (1968) devised a short form, called the Mini-Mult,
in which the 71 items are administered orally. He reported a loss in relia-
bility of only nine per cent over the
MMPI,
and concluded that this loss
was not deemed sufficient to mitigate [sic] against the use of the Mini-
Mult when a standard test could not be obtained [p.319].
Further cross validation studies (Castro & Quesada, 1971; Lacks, 1970;
Lacks
&
Powell, 1970; Gayton & Wilson, 1971) have reported substantial
product-moment correlations between comparable scales of the standard
MMPI and the Mini-Mult, suggesting that the latter could predict the full
MMPI
with a high degree of accuracy. These studies used group data and
compared Mini-Mults obtained from the full scale
MMPI
with the standard
*
This study was supported in part by Crant
P . H .
167 from the Ontario Provincial
Research Council.
We would like to thank Drs PaulGrof,Arshad Majeed, and Sol Levin for making
these data available to us, and Angelo Santi and Charles Saunders for their help in
preparing the data.
Dr Streiner is also associated with the Hamilton Psychiatric Hospital, Dr Woodward
with the Chedoke Child and Family Centre, and Dr Goodman with St Joseph's Hospital.
CANAD. J. BEHAV. SCI./REV. CANAD. Sea. OOMP, 5 (1), 1973
Printed in Canada
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MMPI
AND
MINI MULT 77
MMPI . Kincannon (1968) and Newton (1971) have reported that cor-
relations between standard scale scores of this internal Mini-Mult and
the MMPI are consistently higher than comparable correlations between
separately administered external Mini-Mults and the
MMPI.
AH subse-
quent studies which compared the external Mini-Mult with the MMPI
(Armentrout, 1970; Armentrout & Rouzer, 1970; Gayton, Ozmon, & Wil-
son,1972;Newton, 1971) have yielded smaller correlations than originally
obtained by Kincannon, suggesting that considerable shrinkage in ex-
plained variance has occurred with cross-validation.
Studies which compare the similarity of individual profile pairs have
indicated that the correspondence between the external Mini-Mult and
the
M M P I
is more modest than group data suggest. Armentrout and Rouzer
(1970) found very limited high point correspondence between exter-
nal Mini-Mult and
MMPI
profiles. Only 9.6 per cent of their delinquent
sample had the same two scale high points, irrespective of order. Using
a sample of college students, Armentrout (1970) reported that less than
20 per cent of the external Mini-Mult-MMPi profile pairs had the same
two highest clinical scales. In this study, the external Mini-Mult did not
predict invalid standard
MMPI
profiles well, or did it reliably predict
primed clinical scales.
The purpose of the present series of studies was to investigate further
the relationship between the MMUTand Mini-Mult high point codes, and
to compare the internally derived Mini-Mult with the separately admini-
stered form.
METHODANDBESULTS
Study 1
This study was based on 182 patients divided among four samples.
The Recurrent Affective Disorder
(HAD)
group consisted of 25 male and 36 female
patients who had been referred to the Lithium Clinic of the Hamilton Psychiatric Hos-
pital. The mean age of the males was 45.2 years S.D. = 12.90) and 43.7 years for the
females S.D. = 13.35), and they had completed an average of 10.1 years of education.
Four of the patients were diagnosed as Recurrent Depressives, 19 as Schizo-Affectives,
and 37 as Manic-Depressives, of whom 33 were tested during a free interval, two during
a depressed interval, and two during a manic interval.
The Adolescent (Adol) group was comprised of 13 male and six female inpatients
from the Adolescent Unit of the same hospital. The males had a mean age of 15.2 years
S.D.
= 0.87), and 15.5 years for the females (S.D. =
1.58).
Fifteen adolescents had
either attended or were attending regular school for an average of 8.9 years, and four
were in vocational schools. Eight were diagnosed as Behaviour Disorders of Childhood,
eight as Personality Disorders, one as Transient Situational Disturbance, one as Schizo-
phrenic, and one had no diagnosis.
The Adult group consisted of 28 fathers and 34 mothers of children who had been
referred to the Child Guidance Clinic of the Chedoke-McMaster Centre. The fathers*
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78 STBEINEB, WOODWARD, COODMAN, & MCLEAN
me an age was 37.3 years (
S .D.= 8.71) and the
mo thers' was 34.9 years (S .D.
=
7.90) .
They had completedanaverageof10.7 yearsofschooling.
The Adult Inpatient
( A I )
group consisted of 16maleand 24 female patients from
the p sychiatric unitsof StJoseph's Hosp ital.Themeanage of themaleswas32.1 years
(S.D.
=
17.05)
and 32.8
years
for the
females
(S.D. =
17.94) ,
and
they
had com-
pletedanaverageof 10.4yearsofeducation. Nineteenof the patients were diagonsed
as having personality disorders, 17 assuffering from varyin g degre esof depressiveill-
ness,
andfour as schizoph renic.
In
all
cases,
the
patients completed
the
full MMPI
and the
Mini-Mult
was
derived
from the
MMPI
answer sheets.Rawscores were converted into
T
scores usingthe con-
version tab le givenbyKincannon (1 968 ) .
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were computed between compar-
able scales
of the
MMPI
and
M ini-Mult
for the
four groups. With
the
exception
of the
low correlationon the
Pd
scale for the Adol group (0 .33) , the correlations arecom*
parable
to
those reported
in the
previous studies, ranging from
0.61 to 0.96,
with
a
median
of
0.84.
Related
t
tests wererun foreach scale, usingthe
T
scores from the
MMPI
andMini-
Mult .For the
HAD
group,theelevationof the L scalewas significantly higheron the
MMPI
thanon theMini-Mult ( t ( 60 ) = 2.15,p
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MMPI AND M INI-MULT
79
T A B L E
1
Per cent agreement
Agreement
Good
Intermediate
Discordant
TABLE
2*
Correlation;
Scale
L
F
K
s
D
y
Pd
Pa
Pt
Sc
M a
between
Group
MMI-Iand Mini-Mult high-point codes
RA D
( )
240
29.5
45.9
between the MMPI
aMMPi
versus
a M M C
0 .
0
0 .
n
0 .
0 .
0
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
8 5
8 3
.8 9
m
7
9 5
88
8 0
91
87
79
i
and
dMMPl
versus
dMMe
0 .
0
0
0
0
0 .
0
0
0
0
0
.83
.8 1
.90
9 2
.9 3
9 0
.86
.8 7
93
9 4
.78
Adol< )
68.4
26.3
.1.3
Mini-Mult
Adult( ) AI ( )
22.6
45.2
32.3
dMMPl
versus
dMMS
0 .
0
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
0 .
7 0
88
51
.68
.83
.80
6 5
7 0
93
.87
71
30.0
47.5
25.5
dMMe
versus
dMMS
0.74
0.63
0.59
0.77
0.8(5
0.78
0.68
0.78
0.93
0.90
0.85
Total{ )
29 .6
38 .4
32.1
*MMPI
= admission
MMPI; CIMMPI
= discharge
MMPI;
amie
Mini-Mult extracted from aMMPi; dMMe= Mini-Mult extracted
from dmiFi; dMMs
=
Mini-Mult given separately upon discharge.
(S.D.
11.7) and 36.7
years
(S.D. = 12.8)forthe
females. They
had an
average
of
11.0 yearsofschool(S.D.= 2.23). Four males were diagnosedashaving variousper-
sonality disorders, two hadaffective disorders, and one wasSchizophrenic. For the
females,six hadaffective disorders,onewasan Anxiety Neurotic, and sixwere given
diagnoses involving various degreesofparanoia.
Upon admission,allpatients were administered theMMPI. Just prior todischarge,
boththefull MMPIand the 71 item Mini-Mult were given. Mini-Mults were extracted
fromthe twoMMPIS.Thus, there were five "tests"foreach subject: anadmission MMPI
(aMMPi); an admission Mini-Mult extracted from it (aMMe); a discharge MMPI
(dMMPl); itsextracted M ini-Mult form (dM M e); and a discharge Mini-Mult given
separately (dMMs).
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were computedon theJC-corrected
scoresfor corresponding scales between theadmission MMPI and its extracted Mini-
Mult,thedischarge MMPIandbothitsextracted formandthe separately administered
Mini-Mult,andbetweentheextractedandseparate forms
of
thedischarge Mini-Mult,
andarepresented
in
T able
2. All of the
correlations were significant beyon d
the 0.05
level,
and all
except
one (K
scale
for
dMMPlvs dMMs) beyond
the 0.01
level.
The
correlations between
the
MMPI
and the
respective extracted form
of the
Mini-Mull
were higher than
the
correlations betw een
the
MMPI
and the
separately administered
Mini-Mult (Mon0.87 foraMMPiusaMMe;0.90 fordMMPlvsdMMe;and 0.71 for
d M M P l OSd MMS
).
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80 STKEINEB, WOODWARD, GOODMAN, & MCLEAN
A seriesofrelatedttests wererunbetw een corresponding scalesoftheMMPIS versus
the extracted Mini-Mults.TheTscores forscalesFand
Ma
were significantly higher
onthe
aMMPi tha n
onthe
aMMe
(t(19) =
2.092,
p = 0.05 andt 19) =
2.258,
p