minerva survey of multilingualism israel

MINERVA Survey of Multilingualism Israel

Dr. Allison Kupietzky, Coordinator WP 3, Minerva Israel

Berlin, April 7th, 2005

http://www.minervaisrael.org.il//sectionPages/sectionPageDisplay.aspx?sectionPageID=37&refsectionpageid=46


ISRAEL RESULTS

Survey of 465 Jewish institutions worldwide107 of those from Israel

Statistics for Israel Over 6.3 million inhabitants in Israel, a Jewish majority with other religions and languages present. Multicultural as various communities live in Israel - both Jewish (stemming from North Africa, Asia, Europe and America) and non-Jewish (Arabs: Moslems, Christians, Bedouins, Druzes etc.). Most institutions strive to be bilingual English and Hebrew with some even including Russian and Arabic (High immigration of Russians). In 2004 the Israeli government supported 994 cultural institutions and projects. These included 107 museums, 220 libraries, 4 archives and 327 educational facilities.


ISRAEL RESULTS

Survey of 465 Jewish institutions worldwide107 of those from Israel

Survey results Survey results reflect 116 cultural institutions that have fully or partially filled in the questionnaires. They are: 7 libraries, 34 archives, 17 museums, 36 education facilities, 22 service providers and government offices Websites identified 75 cultural institutions websites were registered and reviewed, out of which: 4 libraries, 30 archives, 6 museums, 22 education facilities, 13 service providers and government offices Lexicons identified 30 institutional lexicons were identified and reviewed:9 archives (6 bi/multilingual), 8 libraries (7 bi/multilingual), 5 museums (4 bi/multilingual), 8 educational facilities (5 bi/multilingual). 17 lexicons were available on line.



21%

43%

29%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Monolingual Bilingual Multilingual

Mono-Bi- Multi- Lingual


93 %

71 %

18 %14 %

11 %7 % 7 % 7 %

4 %

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

English Hebrew Russian Yiddish Spanish OtherEuropean

Languages

Ladino French Arabic

List of Languages Present in Lexicons

Additional Definition of TermsUsed in the Minerva Israel survey

Three Types of Bi / multilingual (1) Interface languages - Bi/ Multilingual GUI refers to the Graphic User Interface (GUI) on the front end. The user interface may be multi or bilingual while the controlled vocabulary may not exist or be monolingual and so this fact is noted.

(2) Controlled vocabulary search languages -The languages in which the search mechanism is presented and/or the languages in which the data retrieved exists. Either one must contain more than one language in order to define the lexicon as bi / multilingual. (3) Truly Bi / multilingual - Bi /multilingual parallel cells. If the lexicon is truly bi/ multilingual, the same number of results would be found if the term is searched in either language. The lexicon would also be able to act a translation tool. If the data were input in English, for example, the Hebrew equivalent would fill in the parallel cell.



Three Types of Lexicons

(1) Lexicon -Controlled vocabulary is a lexicon built in a linear format. This list is similar to subject headings and includes pre-coordinated terms. Searches are performed by choosing from a list (facets). Example, Library Congress Subject Headings. (2) Thesaurus - Is reflected as one word to many. Searches may be performed by choosing from a list or by typing a free text (Boolean). This list includes post-coordinated terms.

(3) Classification - Can be more expanded and have classified terms set in a hierarchical manner. Searches may be performed by choosing from a list, typing a free text (Boolean) or browsing a hierarchal tree. This list includes post-coordinated terms. Example of a Classification thesaurus – Getty’s Art and Architecture Thesaurus.



Four Additional Considerations (1) Graphic Lexicon Yielding Published Hyperlink (GLYPH) - The ability for the public user to access the lexicon using a search mechanism. Includes “Hierarchical tree”, “Browseable lexicon access” and “Drag and drop cataloguing”.

(2) Bi-directional - This is a specific issue pertaining to Semitic languages that differs from other languages and is read right to left. In most cases lexicons that are bi-directional can be opened in mirror image, an example of this could be reflected in the “search” button on the screen. The buttons that appear on the right for searching an English term would appear on the left to search for a Hebrew term.

(3) Integrated images – an image is provided to help express the terms meaning

(4) Size of lexicon – small (10-100), medium (101-1000), large (1001-10000) and very large (10001-100000).



The GLYPH SystemGrading System for Multilingual Lexicons

Institution Definition Grade

Type museum, archive, library, educational facilityWeb site URLWeb GUI multilingual site language 1Bilingual / Multilingual Lexicon defines lexicon as bi or multi 1 *Bi / Multi Languages lexicon language (search or matter) 1 *Bi-directional right to left and vise versa 1Image/ multimedia a visual aid 1Lexicon linear 1Thesaurus one to many 2Classification hierarchical 3Bilingual parallel cells same result in either language 1Browseable lexicon access terms accessible via browse 1Tree terms accessible via tree 1Online lexicon on web site 1MAXIMUM SCORE 15* Either one is a must to define the lexicon as bi / multilingual

Institution The Ben-Gurion Research Institute Grade for

Type ArchiveWeb site http://bgarchives.bgu.ac.il/archives/archion/Web GUI multilingual Hebrew 0Bilingual /Multilingual Lexicon Monolingual 0Languages (search or matter) English, Hebrew, etc 1 *Bi-directional no 0Image/ multimedia yes 1Lexicon (linear) yes 1Thesaurus no 0Classification (Hierarchical) no 0Bilingual parallel cells no 0Browseable lexicon access no 0Tree no 0Online yes 1Total 4

Institution Israel Museum in Jerusalem Grade for

Type MuseumWeb site http://www.imj.org.il/eng/imagineWeb GUI multilingual Hebrew, English 1Bilingual /Multilingual Lexicon Bilingual 1 *Languages (search or matter) English, Hebrew - Arabic, Russian 1 *Bi-directional yes 1Image/ multimedia yes 1Lexicon (linear) yes 1Thesaurus yes 2Classification (Hierarchical) yes 3Bilingual parallel cells yes 1Browseable lexicon access yes 1Tree no 0Online no 0Total 13

Institution Yad Vashem Grade for

Type ArchiveWeb site http://www.yadvashem.org/Web GUI multilingual Hebrew, English 1Bilingual /Multilingual Lexicon Bilingual 1 *Languages (search or matter) English, Hebrew, Yiddish, European languages1 *Bi-directional yes 1Image/ multimedia yes 1Lexicon (linear) yes 1Thesaurus yes 2Classification (Hierarchical) no 0Bilingual parallel cells yes 1Browseable lexicon access yes 1Tree no 0Online yes 1Total 11

Institution Knesset Grade for

Type ArchiveWeb site http://www.knesset.gov.ilWeb GUI multilingual Hebrew, English, Arabic 1Bilingual /Multilingual Lexicon Multilingual 1 *Languages (search or matter) English, Arabic, Hebrew 1 *Bi-directional yes 1Image/ multimedia yes 1Lexicon (linear) yes 1Thesaurus no 0Classification (Hierarchical) no 0Bilingual parallel cells no 0Browseable lexicon access no 0Tree no 0Online yes 1Total 7

Berlin, April 7th, 2005

With a special thanks to

Dr. Uri Miller, eJewish, The Jewish Agency for Israel

In Conclusion

We are pleased to present this survey to you Minerva Europe - WP3.We hope continue to work alongside our European colleagues to provide a standardized solution and a future of shared knowledge.

Dr. Allison KupietzkyCoordinator WP 3, Minerva Israel

[email protected]




minerva survey of multilingualism israel

Documents

education facilities

jewish majority

jewish stemming

minerva israelberlin

service providers

israeli government

past computerization

museum sizesize sq