multilingualism and bilingualism

BY

ABDUL FAROOQ KHAN

MULTILINGUALISM

Department of English Language and Literature, MUL

MULTILINGUALISM

• HUMANS’ DISTINCTIVE ABILITY OF COMMUNICATION• LANGUAGE IS THE ABILITY TO ACQUIRE AND USE

COMPLEX SYSTEMS OF COMMUNICATION.


LANGUAGE

• LINGUISTICS IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF HUMAN LANGUAGE– BRANCHES

• HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS• DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS • SOCIOLINGUISTICS


LINGUISTICS

• STUDY OF CULTURAL PATTERN OF SPEAKING IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL CONTEXTS– WHY DO WE SPEAK DIFFERENTLY DEPENDING ON THE CULTURE OR

EVEN SITUATION WE ARE IN?– WHY DO WE CALL OUR DOCTORS “DOCTOR” EVEN WE SEE THEM OUT

OF THEIR CLINICS BUT DON’T CALL OUR LAWYER “LAWYER”?


SOCIOLINGUISTICS

• IS THE CONDITION OF BEING ABLE TO SPEAK ONLY A SINGLE LANGUAGE


MONOLINGUALISM

MULTILINGUALISM• IS THE CONDITION OF BEING ABLE TO SPEAK/UNDERSTAND

MORE THAN ONE LANGUAGES• ONE CAN BE• BILINGUAL• TRILINGUAL

• NATIVE-LIKE CONTROL OF TWO LANGUAGES - BLOOMFIELD • SPEAKER OF ONE LANGUAGE BECOMES ABLE TO PRODUCE COMPLETE,

MEANINGFUL UTTERANCES IN THE OTHER LANGUAGE - HAUGEN• IS THE CONDITION OF BEING ABLE TO SPEAK/UNDERSTAND TWO LANGUAGES• BILINGUAL IS ONE WHO CAN SPEAK/UNDERSTAND MORE THAN TWO LANGUAGES

– BILINGUALISM COULD BE• ADDITIVE • SUBTRACTIVE• RECEPTIVE


BILINGUALISM


ADDITIVE BILINGUALISM

A SITUATION WHERE A SECOND LANGUAGE IS LEARNT BY AN INDIVIDUAL OR A GROUP WITHOUT DETRACTING FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST LANGUAGE.


SUBTRACTIVE BILINGUALISM

A SITUATION WHERE A SECOND LANGUAGE IS LEARNT BY AN INDIVIDUAL OR A GROUP ON THE RISK OF LOOSING THE FIRST LANGUAGE.

• A SITUATION IN WHICH ONE CAN UNDERSTAND BUT CAN NOT SPEAK A LANGUAGE


RECEPTIVE BILINGUALISM

THERE ARE THREE FOLLOWING APPROACHES TO BE A BILINGUAL• SEQUENTIAL BILINGUALISM• SIMULTANEOUS BILINGUALISM• CO-ORDINATE BILINGUALISM


APPROACHES TO BE BILINGUAL


SEQUENTIAL BILINGUALISM

SEQUENTIAL BILINGUALISM OCCURS WHEN A PERSON BECOMES BILINGUAL BY FIRST LEARNING ONE LANGUAGE AND THEN ANOTHER.


SIMULTANEOUS BILINGUALISM

SIMULTANEOUS BILINGUALISM OCCURS WHEN A PERSON BECOMES BILINGUAL BY LEARNING BOTH LANGUAGE AT THE SAME TIME


COORDINATED BILINGUALISM

COORDINATED BILINGUALISM OCCURS WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL LEARNS THE LANGUAGES SEPARATELY, IN SEPARATE ENVIRONMENTS


CAUSES OF BILINGUALISM1. MIGRATION2. EDUCATION AND CULTURE3. BORDER AREAS4. RELIGION


BENEFITS OF BILINGUALISM1. PERSONAL BENEFITS2. COGNITIVE BENEFITS3. ACADEMIC BENEFITS4. SOCIETAL BENEFITS


THE END

ANY QUESTION

multilingualism and bilingualism

Education