Australian Studies: Migration

About this presentation Indigenous Australians Sources of migration Convicts Free settlers

Australian Studies: Migration Where people came from

Indigenous people Ancestors arrived

40,000 to 50,000 years ago

Probably from Malay archipelago

Spread across the continent

Created more than 300 cultures

Australian Studies: Migration Which people came

Prisoners Free settlers Gold seekers Chinese Pacific Islanders from Europe after

World War II Vietnamese, Khmer Refugees Recent arrivals

Australian Studies: Migration Where people came from

United Kingdom, made up of…..

Scotland Ireland England Wales Cornwall

Note: Europe / Paris

Australian Studies: Migration Where people came from in…

…United Kingdom and Ireland

Scotland Northern Ireland Ireland England Wales Cornwall

Australian Studies: Migration Why people came to Australia from

…United Kingdom and Ireland

Poverty Famine Harsh laws Full gaols US war of

independence Australia recently

discovered

This is a prison ‘hulk’

Australian Studies: Migration Prison ‘Hulk’ in England

Australian Studies: Migration First settlers were prisoners

‘First Fleet’ contained convicts and guards

First Fleet arrived in Sydney in 1788

Long journey

Crowded conditions

Many died on the way

Australian Studies: Migration First fleet arrived in Sydney Cove

some 160 000 convicts were shipped to the Australian colonies

from early 1790s, free immigrants began coming

rapid growth of the wool industry in the 1820s created enormous demands for labour

increase in the migration of free people from the United Kingdom (UK).

industrialisation in Britain lead to many people emigrating to escape widespread poverty and unemployment

Australian Studies: Migration Other settlers followed

Australian Studies: Migration Gold Rush

During the Golden Rush from 1851 to 1860, migration peaked at arrivals of around 50 000 people a year

Australian Studies: Migration Gold Rush – Chinese immigrants

Chinese immigrants were the largest non-British group during this period

In 1852 there was 400 Chinese immigrants and three years later there was over 4,000

Approximately 2,000 of these immigrants are buried here, in Beechworth Cemetery.

Australian Studies: Migration Other waves of migrants

1840s: many Irish came to escape famine in their homeland

1860s to the late 19th c (century), labourers from Melanesia recruited to work on Queensland plantations

1860s to the 1920s, concerns about population imbalance, so…

deliberate efforts to attract women to Australia

Australian Studies: Migration Other waves of migrants

second half of the 19th c, Afghani, Pakistani and Turkish camel handlers worked on construction of telegraph and railway lines, and mining

Japanese fishers were instrumental in the pearling industry in the late nineteenth century.

Australian Studies: Migration Post-war migration

See separate slide show