microsoft exchange 2013 architecture
DESCRIPTION
Microsoft Exchange 2013 architectureTRANSCRIPT
Load Balancer
MDB
HTTP ProxyIIS
Client Access
RPC CA
Mailbox
IIS
RPS OWA, EAS, EWS, ECP, OAB
POP, IMAP SMTP UM
POP IMAP Transport UM
SMTPPOP, IMAPHTTP
MailQ
RpcProxy
SMTP
SIP
RedirectSIP + RTP
POP/IMAPOutlook Web App Outlook EAS EAC PowerShell
A Single Common Namespace ExampleGeographical DNS Solution
Sue (somewhere in NA)
DNS Resolution
DAG
VIP #1 VIP #2
Sue (travelingin APAC)DNS Resolution via Geo-DNS
Round-Robin between # of VIPs
DAG
VIP #3 VIP #4
mail.contoso.com
Round-Robin between # of VIPs
10
Layer 4 LB
CAS
IIS
HTTP Proxy
MBX
Protocol Head
DB
Layer 4 LB
CAS
IIS
HTTP Proxy
MBX
Protocol Head
DB
Site BoundaryHTTP
Local Proxy Request OWA Cross-Site Redirect RequestMBX
Protocol Head
DB
Site Boundary
Cross-Site Proxy Request
HTTP
HTTPHTTP HTTP
11
CAS
IIS
HTTP Proxy
Exchange 2010 Legacy Coexistence Layer 4 LB
CAS 2013
IIS
HTTP Proxy
MBX2013
Protocol Head
DB
Exchange 2010 CAS
Protocol Head
MBX
Store
DB
Site Boundary
E2010 CAS
Protocol Head
MBX
Store
DB
RPC RPC
Cross-Site Proxy Request
Layer 7 LBOWA
Cross-SiteRedirect Request
HTTP
12
Legacy CoexistenceProtocol E2007 user accessing E2010
namespaceE2007 user accessing E2013 namespace
E2010 user accessing E2013 namespace
Requires Legacy Namespace Legacy Namespace No additional namespaces
OWA • Same AD site: silent or SSO FBA redirect• Externally facing AD site: manual or
silent/SSO cross-site redirect• Internally facing AD site: proxy
Silent redirect (not SSO) to CAS 2007 externally facing URL
• Proxy to CAS 2010• Cross-site silent redirect (not SSO), which may redirect to CAS
2010 or CAS 2013
Exchange ActiveSync
• EAS v12.1+ : Autodiscover & redirect • Older EAS devices: proxy
Proxy to MBX 2013 Proxy to CAS 2010
Outlook Anywhere Direct CAS 2010 support Proxy to CAS 2007 Proxy to CAS 2010
Autodiscover Exchange 2010 answers Autodiscover query for 2007 User
Exchange 2013 answers Autodiscover query for 2007 User
Proxy to CAS 2010
EWS Uses Autodiscover to find CAS 2007 EWS External URL
Uses Autodiscover to find CAS 2007 EWS External URL
Proxy to CAS 2010
POP/IMAP Proxy Proxy to CAS 2007 Proxy to CAS 2010
OAB Direct CAS 2010 support Proxy to CAS 2007 Proxy to CAS 2010
RPS n/a n/a Proxy to CAS 2010
ECP n/a n/a • Proxy to CAS 2010• Cross-site redirect, which may redirect to CAS 2010 or CAS
2013
13
What you need to control connectivity flow
14
17
Front-End Transport Pipeline
SMTP SendSMTP ReceiveProtocol Agents
SMTP to MBX 2013SMTP from MBX 2013
External SMTP External SMTP
Hub Selector
18
19
1. FET accepts initial SMTP conversation if source passes connection filtering
2. FET determines the recipient type/location via hub selector
3. Proxies the message to the appropriate destination
1. MBX 2013 determines if mail recipient is a remote destination and selects a FET within local site if the FrontEndProxyEnabled parameter on Send Connector is set to $true
2. MBX 2013 connects to FET and initiates SMTP conversation
3. FET proxies outbound connection to appropriate destination
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21
30
2560
2560
2560
2560
25602560
2560
2560
2560
2560
Per DB cache usage in Megabytes10 Active DBs0 Passive DBs
10 Max Allowed Active DBs
100
GB S
yste
m M
emor
y
ESE Cache~25GB
Search Foundations Cache ~25GB
Other, IIS, EAS, OWA, OS, etc…
50GB
100
GB S
yste
m M
emor
y
ESE Cache~25GB
Search Foundations Cache ~25GB
Other, IIS, EAS, OWA, OS, etc…
50GB DB1, 2560
DB2, 2560
DB3, 2560
DB4, 2560
DB5, 2560
DB6, 512DB7, 512DB8, 512DB9, 512DB10, 512
Remaining Pool, 14336
Per DB cache usage in Megabytes5 Active DBs5 Passive DBs
10 Max Allowed Active DBs
100
GB S
yste
m M
emor
y
ESE Cache~25GB
Search Foundations Cache ~25GB
Other, IIS, EAS, OWA, OS, etc…
50GB 4267
4267
42674267
4267
853
853853
853853
Per DB cache usage in Megabytes5 Active DBs5 Passive DBs
5 Max Active DBs Allowed
Exchange 5.59gb, 18gb
10k-15k RPM25mb MBX
Exchange 200036gb
10k-15k RPM100mb MBX
Exchange 200372-146gb
10k-15k RPM250mb MBX
Exchange 2007300-600gb7200 RPM2GB MBX
Exchange 20102TB
7200 RPM10GB MBX
Exchange 20134-8TB
7200 RPM25GB MBX
http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=64151Hotmail Gmail Google File System
Netflix Amazon S3 Facebook
Online | Cached Modes48 | 76% IOPS reduction (disk IOPS capacity not expected to change)
18 | 41% Average RPC Latency reduction
17 | 34% increase in CPU per RPC processed (offset by additional CPU cores)
~4X increase in store memory overhead (~4GB vs. ~1GB not including ESE cache)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
DB IOPS/MAILBOX
0.65
0.16
E14SP1 E15 Build 466
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
RPC AVERAGE LATENCY
MCYCLES PER RPC PACKET
STORE MEMORY PER MAILBOX
(MB)
3.99
3.09
0.74
2.35
3.75
3.16
E14SP1 E15 Build 46637
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Exchange 2003 Exchange 2007 Exchange 2010 Exchange 2013
DB IOPS/Mailbox
Exchange 2003Exchange 2007Exchange 2010Exchange 2013
~95.5% Reduction!
1 Day 150 11 MB1 Month 3300 242 MB
1 Year 39000 2.8 GB2 Years 78000 5.6 GB4 Years 156000 11.2 GB
MBX2013
CAS2013
MBX2013
MBX2013
Public logon
Private logon
Public logon
Content Mailbox
Hierarchy Mailbox
Core
Catalog
CTS
Incoming Documents
Filter Word Break
Content XForm
MARS Writer
Incoming Queries
“CTS Flow”
IMSContent XForm Query Parse
“IMS Flow”
Content Transformation System Integration Management Service
Mailbox
DB Idx
Passive
TransportTransport CTS
MailboxStore
DB
Index Node
Idx
ExSearchCTS
Read ContentLogLog
Transport Pipeline
SMTP to MBX Transport SubmissionSMTP from MBX Transport Delivery
SMTP SMTP
Delivery Agents for other protocols
Submission Queue
Delivery Queue
Delivery Queue
Pickup/Replay
CategorizerRouting Agents
SMTP Send
SMTP ReceiveProtocol Agents
Mailbox Transport SubmissionMailbox Transport Delivery
Mailbox Transport Pipeline
Store Driver Deliver
MBX Deliver Agents
SMTP SendSMTP Receive
Hub Selector (Router)
Store Driver Submit
MBX Assistants
MBX Submit Agents
MAPI MAPI
Mailbox Store
SMTP to Transport ServiceSMTP from Transport Service
56
DB2
MBX1
DB2
OWAMBX2
DB1 DB2
OWAMBX3
DB1 DB1DB1
CAS2
OWAOWA
time
Managed Availability = Monitoring + HA“Stuff breaks, but the Experience does not”
DB1
DAG
CAS1 CAS2
L4 Load Balancer
58
59
60
61
62
Building Blocks
Flexible ScalableSimpler