MicronutrientsMicronutrients

- Vittal

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IRON IODINE COPPER

ZINC COBALT CHROMIUM

SELENIUM COPPER MANGANESE

MOLYBDINUM NICKLE VANADIUM

IRON IODINE COPPER

ZINC COBALT CHROMIUM

SELENIUM COPPER MANGANESE

MOLYBDINUM NICKLE VANADIUM

IRONSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Fish, Liver, meat, jaggary, Meat group, Leafy Greens, cereals, legumes, dates, turmeric, watermelon

Constituent of Hb., enzymes, role in O2 transport

LBW, Blood loss, hook worm, malabsorption, poor intake

IRONClnical

FeaturesRequirement Remarks

Pallor, dyspnoea, CCF, irritability, lack of conc.,pica, koilonychia,

Prophylaxis:

2 mg/kg/d

Treatment:

6 mg/kg/d O for 3-4 mo.

Oxalates, Zn, phytates inhibit absorption

Toxicity: GI Upset, metabolic derangement, acidosis, hepatic failure.

Tt. : Gastric lavage, Desferoxamine, Deferiprone

IODINESOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Sea foods, drinking water, iodized salt

Constituent of thyroxine

Low content in water, excessive intake of cabbbage, cauliflower

IODINEClnical

FeaturesRequirement Remarks

Goitre, hypothyroidism, still birth, CNS defect

Investigations:

Urinary iodine, PBI, T3, T4, TSH, Iodine uptake

50-150 mcg/day

Iodized salt to contain 15 mcg/g (15 ppm) uptp 30 ppm is added t tackle loss

Toxicity: Goitre

COPPERSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Liver, fish, meat, oyster, legumes,

Constituent of enzymes, ceruloplasmin role in hemopoisis, bone metabolism

LBW, preterm, TPN, PEM, Nephrotic syndrome

COPPERClnical

FeaturesRequirement Remarks

Liver, fish, meat, oyster, legumes, nuts, prunes

Constituent of enzymes, ceruloplasmin role in hemopoisis, bone and connective tissue metabolism, nerve fibres and skin

Hypochromic anemia, neutropenia, hypopigmentation of hair, bony defects

Inv: S.Cu: 75-150 mcg%

S.Cerulo: 10-15 mcg%

ZINCSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Liver, beef, oyster, wheat germ, nuts, grapes.

Phytates reduce absorption

Constituent of enzymes, ceruloplasmin role in protein and nucleic acid synthesis

PEM, hepatitis, TPN, nephrotic syndrome, acrodermatitis eneteropathica

ZINCClnical Features Requirement Remarks

Growth retardation, anroexia, gonadal atrophy, alopecia, diarrhoea, reduced taste sensation

Inv.: S.Zn: (60 – 150 mcg%), Hair Zn.

5 -15 g / d

Treatment:

1-2 mg / kg / d

Used as adjuvant in Tt. Of Wilson;s Disease, Diarrhoeal disorders

Toxicity: GI Upset, Cu deficiency

COBALTSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Meat group Constituent of B12, role in iron absorption, iodine utilization

PEM, TPN

COBALTClnical Features Requirement Remarks

Hypothyroidism, anemia, goitre,

Inv. : S.Co. (0.007 mcg%)

Not known Excess can cause goitre and cardiomyopathy

CHROMIUMSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Yeast, liver, cereals, nuts, cocoa, pepper, cheese, chickens, mushrooms, molasses

Facilitates insulin action

PEM, TPN

CHROMIUMClnical Features Requirement Remarks

Hyperglycemia, encephalopathy

Inv. : S.Cr. (0.02 mcg%)

10 mcg/d

Treatment:

180 mcg single dose

Renal failure, dermatitis

MOLYBDINUMSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Legumes, whole grains, greens, meat group, nuts

Components of xanthine oxidase, instrumental in iron storage. Instrumental in production of uric acid.

TPN, poor soil content

MOLYBDINUMClnical Features Requirement Remarks

Mouth and esophageal cancers, tachycardia, coma

Inv. : S.Mo. (0.07 mcg%)

250-500 mcg/d

Bony defects, hyperurecemia, competes with Cu absorption.

Deficiency never occurs

SELENIUMSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Meat group, greens, garlic, oysters

Antioxidant co-factor, maintains liver integrity

PEM, TPN, poor soil content

SELENIUMClnical Features Requirem

entRemarks

Keshan cartiomyopathy, arthritis, myalgia, growth retardation, liver necrosis, risk of cancer , Kashin-Beck Disease (chondrodystrophy)

Inv. : S.Se. (13 mcg%)

100 mcg/d Dental caries, alopecia, garlic odour in breath

MANGANESESOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Cereals, nuts, legumes, whole grains, egg yolk, greens, tea

Component of superoxide dismutase, role in oxidative phosphorylation, bone and tendon formation

TPN

MANGANESEClnical Features Requirement Remarks

Growth retardation, reddening of hair, increased prothrombin time

Inv.

S. Mn. (0.06 mcg)

1-5 mg / d Encephalitis, goitre, cardiomyopath, cholestasis.

Iron decreases absorption of Mn

NICKLESOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Chacolates Component of urease, nickle, plasmin, stabilizes membranes

TPN

NICKLEClnical Features Requirement Remarks

Inv.

S. Ni. (0.02 mcg)

Not known Dermatitis, linver, necrosis, nasal and lung cancers

SILICONSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Cross linkage of collagen

TPN

SILICONClnical Features Requirement Remarks

Growth retardation, defective bone growth

Not known Glaucoma and fibrosis of lung

VANADIUMSOURCE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY

Protein rich food TPN PEM

VANADIUMClnical Features Requirement Remarks

Associated with nutritional edema

Not known