micronutrients- franzen

36
Micronutrients- What Works and What Doesn’t Dave Franzen

Upload: guest3944d84

Post on 30-May-2015

1.195 views

Category:

Education


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Background of research on micronutrients and their need for North Dakota crops. The presentation was not given at conference due to time, but a handout was prepared nonetheless.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Micronutrients- Franzen

Micronutrients- What Works and What Doesn’t

Dave Franzen

Page 2: Micronutrients- Franzen

There are 118 elements known on earth.

17 elements are essential for plants togrow, develop and reproduce.

A few others are needed for specific plants.

Page 3: Micronutrients- Franzen

Of the 17,

3 (CHO) come from water (H2O) and air (CO2)

The remaining 14 are mineral elements thatare extracted by plants from the soil-

Page 4: Micronutrients- Franzen

NitrogenPhosphorusPotassiumSulfurCalciumMagnesiumChlorineZincManganeseIronCopperBoronMolybdenumNickel

Page 5: Micronutrients- Franzen

NitrogenPhosphorus MACRONUTRIENTSPotassiumSulfurCalciumMagnesiumChlorineZincManganeseIronCopperBoronMolybdenumNickel

Page 6: Micronutrients- Franzen

NitrogenPhosphorusPotassiumSulfurCalciumMagnesium SECONDARY NUTRIENTSChlorineZincManganeseIronCopperBoronMolybdenumNickel

Page 7: Micronutrients- Franzen

NitrogenPhosphorusPotassiumSulfurCalciumMagnesiumChlorineZincManganeseIronCopper MICRONUTRIENTSBoronMolybdenumNickel

Page 8: Micronutrients- Franzen

Deficiencies of micronutrients occuraround the world.

What is needed in one part of the worldis not needed in another part due to-

-Parent material(what elements are in the soil minerals)

- How long the soil has been farmed(100 years in North Dakota compared with

5,000+ years in central Turkey)

Page 9: Micronutrients- Franzen

What micronutrients might we expectto see in North Dakota.

What crops are susceptible.

Share micronutrient data on various crops.

Page 10: Micronutrients- Franzen

Zinc-

Research has identified four ND cropswith zinc deficiencies-

Potato

Corn

Dry edible beans

Flax

Page 11: Micronutrients- Franzen

Potato-

First recorded potato Zn deficiency in theregion by W.G. Hoyman, Am. Potato J. 26:256-263. 1949.

Deficiency symptoms and correction by Zn fertilizer was also recorded byGrunes et al., 1961, Agron. J. 53:68-71on a shaped Gardena loam near Upham.

Page 12: Micronutrients- Franzen

Corn-

Zinc deficiency first recorded on corn in NDby Grunes et al. 1961 (AJ 53:68-71). Unlikepotato in the same study, corn symptomswere much more severe and occurred evenin undisturbed soil.

Zn fertilizer improved corn yields by 24 bu/acre

Page 13: Micronutrients- Franzen

Corn-

Low zinc soil (Hamar lfs) in Richland Co., 1966-No zinc 123 bu/acre2 lb/acre Zn as zinc sulfate broadcast- 131 bu/acre

Similar soil, different experiment, 1966no zinc 127 bu/acre1 lb/acre banded zinc (Zn EDTA) 140 bu/acre

Page 14: Micronutrients- Franzen

Corn-

Low zinc soil (Hamar lfs) in Richland Co., 1966-No zinc 123 bu/acre2 lb/acre Zn as zinc sulfate broadcast- 131 bu/acre

Similar soil, different experiment, 1966no zinc 127 bu/acre1 lb/acre banded zinc (Zn EDTA) 140 bu/acre

Reported by Wagner and Bauer, 1970 NDAAfertilizer conference, Fargo.

Page 15: Micronutrients- Franzen

Corn-

Bauer, ,1968 Farm Research, showed yieldincreases in 3 of 6 field experiments inSE North Dakota with added Zn.

Page 16: Micronutrients- Franzen

Corn-

There are differences in varietal response andsusceptibility.

A warmer spring would be expected to showless deficiency.

Banded materials are more efficient thanbroadcast and foliar treatments are a lastresort application.

Page 17: Micronutrients- Franzen

Dry Bean-

There is a lack of hard local data on dry beanyield response to zinc, although Moraghanand Grafton, 1999, said that the varieties thatthey used in their experiment had been seen withzinc deficiencies in North Dakota.

Nearly every major dry bean producing statehas reported zinc deficiency and improvementsin yield with zinc application- WY, MT, CO, MIMN

Page 18: Micronutrients- Franzen

Dry Bean-

One five-site study by Dahnke (1982 CPG)no zinc- 1588 lb/acrewith zinc- 1688 lb/acre

Page 19: Micronutrients- Franzen

Flax-

Zubriski has the first recorded data on zincresponse by flax in ND.

Casselton, ND, 1963-No zinc- 22 bu/acreWith zinc- 23 bu/acre

Page 20: Micronutrients- Franzen

Flax-

Moraghan generated most of the flax/zinc datain ND, but little field yield data was produced.

Deficiency is “chlorotic dieback”- a yellowing orwhitening of the growing point.

H.H. Flor- NDSU plant pathologist described chlorotic dieback as common in the RRV, butwas unable to diagnose the cause (AJ 1943).

Page 21: Micronutrients- Franzen

Flax-

Several Australian papers related growthproblems of flax similar to those describedby Flor as zinc related.

Moraghan (AJ, 1970) confirmed that the causeof our flax growth problems was zinc.

Further work by JTM in the greenhousevalidated earlier studies.

Page 22: Micronutrients- Franzen

Other crops?

Soybeans- Moraghan found little responseMinnesota and South Dakota haveseen no response.

Sugarbeet- Studies showed small response a small pct of time. Recent studiesnear Fargo on lighter soils showedno response.

Wheat- several studies showed no responseSunflower- no zinc response at 4 sites, 1981.

Hilton and Zubriski, ND Farm Res.Canola- Canadians have not seen a problem.

Page 23: Micronutrients- Franzen

Zinc sources?

Dry- Water solubility is important as isgranule distribution. Zinc sulfate is a good

broadcast product, but rates should be about 30 lb/acre of product for good distribution.In a band, proportionally less can be used.

Liquids-Ammoniated zinc complexes or chelates areeffective as seed-banded options. Dilutesoluble zinc sulfate or chelates can be usedfoliar if on the label.

Page 24: Micronutrients- Franzen

Manganese?

Most recent Mn research comes out ofMichigan, northern Indiana and Ohio, whereMn problems have been seen for decades.

Goos has explored Mn problems in this stateand has not crossed one yet.

Zubriski found no response in sunflower atfour locations in 1981.

Page 25: Micronutrients- Franzen

Iron?

Iron chlorosis can be seen in most crops if thesoil conditions are high in carbonates and theenvironmental conditions are cold, wet, possiblywith salts.

In most crops, the areas affected are small andthe environment or soils would not support goodyields even if the chlorosis were gone.

Page 26: Micronutrients- Franzen

Iron?

Rating crops on iron susceptibility,

SoybeanSugarbeetDry beanFlax

The only crops worth considering aresoybean and maybe sugarbeet

Page 27: Micronutrients- Franzen

Iron?

EDDHA (Soygreen) has been shown effectivein reducing IDC symptoms on soybean.A yield study is being conducted near Crookstonthis year, and results have not been posted.Strip-trials during the last 2 years have lookedvery positive and Goos has seen some of them.

Yield increases with 1 lb/acre Soygreen were reported in sugarbeet at multiple locations in 2007. (see sugarbeet report web pages, 2008)

Page 28: Micronutrients- Franzen

Boron?

Dwain Meyer has not seen B problems in alfalfadespite investigative studies.

Sunflower was investigated several years agoby Franzen when head deformation was seen.Endres found an inconsistent response ata Carrington location. Zubriski found no response at 4 locations in 1981.

Studies on sugarbeet in 2006/2007 found noresponses to B application.

Page 29: Micronutrients- Franzen

Copper?

Sunflower- Zubriski- 4 locations, no response, 1981

Spring wheat/durum- Franzen et al., 2008.Yield increased at 5 of 20 sites, and reduced at 2.Fusarium incidence and severity decreased at4 sites.

Use of copper is at best site-specific on sandy,low organic matter soils, with low Cu.

Copper sulfate at 5 lb/acre is a good soil treatment.

Page 30: Micronutrients- Franzen
Page 31: Micronutrients- Franzen
Page 32: Micronutrients- Franzen
Page 33: Micronutrients- Franzen
Page 34: Micronutrients- Franzen
Page 35: Micronutrients- Franzen
Page 36: Micronutrients- Franzen

Summary-

Micronutrients have been studied in NDfor over 60 years.

Zinc is most commonly seen, but only incorn, potato, flax and dry bean

economicallyCopper on small grainsIron on soybean and sugarbeet

Avoid mixes- use what the crop needs.