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Microcontrollers

Class : 4th Semister E&C and EEESubject Code: 06ES42Chapter : UNIT 1-1

Date : 8th Feb 2010

D R Subramanyam drs@slntech.com

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

used?

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

used?• Home, • Automotive, • Communication/ Telecom, • Medical, • Office, • Transport, • Railways, • Retail, • Energy / Power• Industrial, • Defence, Space, Aerospace,

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used at Home ?

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Microprocessors/Microcontrollers used at Home?

Video •

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Automotive segment ?

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Microprocessors/Microcontrollers used in Automotive segment

• Video• •

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Telecom ?

Walkie – Talkie

Pager

Mobile Phone PDA

Fixed telephone

Telecommunication Applications

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Medical?

Medical Applications

EEG

ECG

MRI

Ultra sound scanner

X-RAY Generator

Defabrilators

Infusion Pump

BP Monitor

CT Scanner

VentilatorsBed side Monitoring

Point of Care devices

Blood Sugar Level Monitor

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Offices ?

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Microprocessors/Microcontrollers used in Offices?

• Phone• FAX• Scanner• Photo copier• Computers• networking devices• Attendance recording• Security Gadgets

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Transport Sectors ?

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Microprocessors/Microcontrollers used in Transport Sector?

• GPS Tracking• Traffic signaling• Display boards• Toll Collection Gadjets• Security / survelence

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Railways ?

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Microprocessors/Microcontrollers used in Railways?

• GPS Tracking• Traffic signaling• Display boards• Track Maintenace• Air conditioning• public announcement systems• Security / survelence

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Retail ?

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Microprocessors/Microcontrollers used in Retail Sector?

• RFID, • POS, • Security/ surveillance , • Bar code readers, • weighing, • Public Announcement systems, • Internet Kiosks

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Energy / Power ?

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Microprocessors/Microcontrollers used in Energy / power Sector?

• Energy meters, • Remote meter reading,

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Used in Industries ?

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Microprocessors/Microcontrollers used in Industries?

• PLCs, • Robots, • Security/ surveillance , • Bar code readers, • weighing, • Public Announcement systems,

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Where all Microprocessors/Microcontrollers Used in Defence, Space, aerospace

sectors ?

Applications in Defense & Space

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Who manufactures Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

MP/MC Manufacturers

MP/MC HistoryIntel 4004 MP-world’s first MP(1971)2300 transistors

Intel 8008Mp

Intel’s ATOM

Intel 8080 Intel 8085

Intel 8086(16 bit MP)

Intel 80186(16 Bit MP)

Intel 80386(32 Bit MP) Intel Pentium 4

Intel’s 8031 Intel’s 8051

ATOM processor has 47 Million transistors, on a space less than 26square mm

8086 processor has 29000 transistors, 80386 has

275,000 Transistors

Intel 80286(32 Bit MP)

ATTINY10

PIC MCs

Moore’s Law

• Dr. Gordon E. Moore co-founded Intel in 1968.

• His observation that number of transistors doubled every 2 years became known as “Moore’s Law”

MP/MC Packages

Intel’s ATOM-BGA Package

Pentium III-BGA packageIntel 8085-40 pin DIP Intel 4004 MP-world’s first

MP(1971)2300 transistors(16 Pin DIP)

Different IC Packages (Continued)

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Let us take an example from applications what we discussed sofar

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What is a MicroprocessorMicroprocessor is a

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Microprocessors

General-purpose microprocessor

• CPU for Computers• No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself• Example ： Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0

CPU

General-Purpose Micro-processor

RAM ROM I/O Port

TimerSerial COM Port

Data Bus

Address Bus

General-Purpose Microprocessor System

Many chips on mother’s board

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What is a Microcontroller ?Microcontroller is a

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Microcontroller:• A smaller computer• On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...• Example ： Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051, Zilog’s Z8X and

PIC 16X

RAM ROM

I/O Port

TimerSerial COM Port

Microcontroller

CPUA single chip

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What is the difference between Microprocessors and Microcontroller

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Microprocessor vs Microcontroller Microprocessor

• CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate

• designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports.

• expensive• versatility • general-purpose

Microcontroller

• CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip

• fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports

• for applications in which cost, power and space are critical

• single-purpose

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MP/MC Architecture

RISCCISCHarvard Von Newmann

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RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing Processor)

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CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing Processors)

• Numerous Instruction Group• Numerous Addressing Modes• Microcoded Instructions• Microcontrollers and Microprocessors are CISC based.• DSP’s are closer to RISC.

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Von Newmann architecture

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Description

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Harvard Architecture

SLN Technologies Pvt. Ltd 47

VME Single Board Computer (SBC) based on PPC 7447A Processor

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Thank You