microbial resources
DESCRIPTION
as a partial fulfilment for the course Env. 704 Pre. M.Sc. In environmental sciences Dec. 2012 Faculty of science Alexandria University.TRANSCRIPT
Microbial resources
Mohamed Wahby PowerPoint presentation as a partial fulfilment for
the course Env. 704 Pre. M.Sc. In environmental sciences
Dec. 2012
Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
• Microbial insecticides (Biological control)
• Water borne pathogens in developing countries
• Biodegradation
• Genetic engineering associated questioning
• Climatic change effect on microorganism’s
2 Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University -
Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
• Microbial insecticides (Biological control)
• Water borne pathogens in developing countries
• Biodegradation
• Genetic engineering associated questioning
• Climatic change effect on microorganism’s
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Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Microorganisms
• Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, archaea or protists, but not viruses and prions, which are generally classified as non-living.
http://tbi.montana.edu/outreach/hotscience/materials/resources/TreeofLife_TBI.jpg
http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/m/microorganism.htm 4
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University - Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Microorganisms
• Harmful or beneficial?
http://meadfamilydental.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Photo-Mar-27-12-45-02-AM.jpg
http://www.interactive-biology.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Probiotic-Yogurt-862x1024.jpg 5
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University - Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Carbon cycle
Brock – Biology of microorganisms – 13th edition - Chapter 24 6
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University - Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Nitrogen cycle
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/the-nitrogen-cycle/trend10-2s-soer2010-eps/TREND10-2S-nitrogen-cycle.eps.75dpi.gif/image
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Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Nitrogen cycle
Brock – Biology of microorganisms – 13th edition - Chapter 24
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Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Sulphur cycle
http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/120991179.png 9
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University - Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Brock – Biology of microorganisms – 13th edition - Chapter 24
Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Sulphur cycle
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Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Microorganisms
• Bacteria
http://www.scilogs.com/import-data/images/11/bacteria.jpg
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Microorganisms
• Why bacteria?
• Oldest on earth
• Nothing works without them
• Basic and most studied organism
• Everywhere http://tbi.montana.edu/outreach/hotscience/materials/resources/TreeofLife_TBI.jpg
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Microorganisms
• Why bacteria genetically?
Simplicity and Polymerization rate
http://barleyworld.org/sites/default/files/figure-08-01_0.jpg 13 Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University -
Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Microorganisms
• Why bacteria physiologically?
http://ebsbiowizard.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/bacterial-growth-curve.png
• Primary metabolites • Secondary metabolites
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Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
• Microbial insecticides (Biological control)
• Water borne pathogens in developing countries
• Biodegradation
• Genetic engineering associated questioning
• Climatic change effect on microorganism’s
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Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Production of antibiotics
• Are produced from actinomycetes
• Are naturals, semi-synthetics or synthetics
• Classified according to their “mode of action”
http://www.armradio.am/en/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/antibiotik.jpg
http://muirbiology.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/2012-11-01-14-41-22.jpg
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Discovery
Image taken from: “Deadly diseases and epidemics, antibiotics-resistant bacteria”. Patrick G. Guilfoile, Ph.D. FOUNDING EDITOR, The Late I. Edward Alcamo. Distinguished Teaching Professor of Microbiology, SUNY Farmingdale. FOREWORD BY David Heymann. World Health Organization. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. ISBN: 978-0-7910-9188-3
Sir Alexander Fleming (National Library of Medicine /Photo Researchers, Inc.)
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Photograph of the original culture plate of the fungus Penicillium notatum made by Sir Alexander Fleming (St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
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Production of antibiotics
• Principle: Substitutability test (in lab)
• Bacterial susceptibility test. Practical section of course “General bacteriology ” Mic.311. Department of Microbiology, faculty of science, Alexandria University. Semester Autumn 2010.
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Production of vinegar
• Principle: Acetobacter
http://www.foodsketches.com/_media/_suppliers/_pics/10.jpg
Okafor - Modern industrial microbiology and biotechnology – Chapter 14 – Production of vinegar
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Production of single cell protein
• Dairy wastes: Whey
http://www.eplantscience.com/botanical_biotechnology_biology_chemistry/biotechnology/microbial_biotechnology/single_cell_protein_scp_and_mycoprotein/biotech_scp_production_of_yeast_biomass.php
Okafor - Modern industrial microbiology and biotechnology – Chapter 15 – Single cell protein
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Production of E162
http://www.ajinomoto.com/amino/eng/img/1_5_image.gif 22
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University - Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
• Microbial insecticides (Biological control)
• Water borne pathogens in developing countries
• Biodegradation
• Genetic engineering associated questioning
• Climatic change effect on microorganism’s
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Microbial bio-control
• Bacillus thuringiensis
http://www.biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/pathogens/bacteria.html
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Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
• Microbial insecticides (Biological control)
• Water borne pathogens in developing countries
• Biodegradation
• Genetic engineering associated questioning
• Climatic change effect on microorganism’s
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Water borne diseases
http://www.righttoplay.com/International/news-and-media/PublishingImages/GOOD.png 26
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University - Faculty of science - Microbial resources
• Guidelines for drinking-water quality - 4th edition – WHO – Chapter 7, Microbial aspects
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Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
• Microbial insecticides (Biological control)
• Water borne pathogens in developing countries
• Biodegradation
• Genetic engineering associated questioning
• Climatic change effect on microorganism’s
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Biodegradation of plastic
http://techcrunch.com/2011/03/08/sodastream-coca-cola-sustainable-packaging/
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Ralstonia_eutropha
Ralstonia eutropha
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Effect of genetically modified plants on soil microorganisms
• “… Overall, the GM crops investigated so far seem to have little or no effect on soil microbial communities. The methods used, although suitable in different ways for the analysis of multiple sample numbers, were sensitive enough to detect changes due to environmental factors such as plant growth development, soil type, and year… ”
From Mitchell and Dong – environmental microbiology – 2nd edition – Chapter 10 - 2010 Wiley-Blackwell.
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Biodegradation and phytoremediation
http://newspaper.li/static/e9b7c973691655ac2c84aecdae6a8dc5.jpg
http://nac.unl.edu/bufferguidelines/guidelines/3_productive_soils/5.html
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Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
• Microbial insecticides (Biological control)
• Water borne pathogens in developing countries
• Biodegradation
• Genetic engineering associated questioning
• Climatic change effect on microorganism’s
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The effect of climatic change on microorganism’s
http://www.emlab.com/m/media/TempRanges_ER0807_Fig1.jpg 34
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University - Faculty of science - Microbial resources
In Egypt
http://www.narg.org.uk/images/egypt_satphoto_google.jpg 35
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University - Faculty of science - Microbial resources
Conclusion
• Microorganisms are the main player in every process takes place on earth
• Microorganisms are an important (could be essential in some cases) source of food and products
• Every living being on earth is affected by climate change, even the unseen ones.
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References
• Ralph Mitchell and Ji-Dong Gu – Environmental microbiology – 2nd edition - Wiley-Blackwell, 2010
• Jacquelyn G. Black – Microbiology, principles and explortaions – 7th edition - Wiley-Blackwell, 2008
• Nduka Okafor – Modern industrial microbiology and biotechnology – Science publisher, 2007
• Brock – Biology of microorganisms – 13th edition - Pearson Education 2012, 2009, 2006
• Promila Parihar – Microbiology and immunology – Swastik Publisher & distributors, 2009
• Naill A. Logan – Bacterial systematic - Wiley-Blackwell, 1994
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