michael sutherland, canada 1 of 27 cyprus – november 29-30, 2012 dr. michael sutherland, mrics...

Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 1 of 27CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012

Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS

Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces

http://www.eurocadastre.org/index.htm




The Presentation:

• The Value of Coastal/Marine Spaces• Governance of Marine Spaces• Boundaries and Governance• Marine Cadastre Implications for Governance• Acknowledgements




Habitat for endangered species

Species breeding and resting areas

Water treatment

Groundwater recharge

Oil and gas

Flood attenuation

Tourism Construction

Recreational and commercial fishing

The Value of Coastal & Marine Spaces

MULTIPLE AND OVERLAPPING USES




TraditionalFishers

AboriginalGroups

UplandOwners and communities

Fishing andAquaculture Industry

GovernmentDepartments

CoastalCommunities

Public Recreation& Access

Petroleum &Pipeline Companies

Municipalities

The Value of Coastal & Marine Spaces

MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS




Governance of Marine Spaces

[Sutherland, 2005]

People’s Relationship with One Another and with Their Environments




Genuine consultationAddressing:

Vertical Coordination

Horizontal Coordination

Temporal Coordination

National

Local

Government GovernmentOther Stakeholders

Future

Present

After Prescott [1985]

Collaboration, coordination, cooperation, integration …

Governance of Marine SpacesStakeholder Engagement




[After McLaughlin and Nichols, 1994]

Governance of Marine SpacesSpatial Data Infrastructure




BOUNDARIES

ENVIRONMENTALHUMAN-INTERACTIVE

INTERNATIONAL(Sovereign and Jurisdictional)

CANADIAN NATIONAL (Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative)

FEDERAL CROWN(Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative)

PROVINCIAL CROWN(Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative)

JURISDICTIONAL

ADMINISTRATIVE(Retained Rights)

ADMINISTRATIVE(Divested Rights)

JURISDICTIONAL

ADMINISTRATIVE(Divested Rights)

ADMINISTRATIVE(Retained Rights)

Public Rights Other Rights

Aboriginal Rights Customary RightsPrivate Rights

Aboriginal Rights Customary RightsPrivate Rights

Retained Rights Divested Rights Retained Rights Divested Rights

Private, cultural and customary Interests

Interests Interests

Private, cultural and customary Interests

[Sutherland, 2005]

BOUNDARIES

EXTENDS INTO COASTAL AND MARINE SPACES




350 N.mi

200 N.mi

24 N.mi

12 N.mi

100N.mi

2500Metres

TheAreaUNCLOS ZONES & RIGHTS

High Seas

Legal Continental Shelf

Exclusive Economic Zone

Contiguous Zone

Territorial Sea

After Nichols, 2003

BOUNDARIES




UNCLOS DEFNITION AND CLAIM OF MARINE BOUNDARIES




[Sutherland, 2001; 2005]

Boundaries and GovernanceMULTIPLE AND OVERLAPPING

RIGHTS AND INTERESTS




Boundaries and GovernanceCOASTAL AND MARINE SPACES

Laws/Regulations/PoliciesStakeholders

Physical Environments/DimensionsRights/Interests/Restrictions

REQUIRES INFORMATIONImplications for Cadastre





• A parcel based and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land (e.g., rights, restrictions, responsibilities) [FIG 1995]

• Fiscal – Supports Taxation• Juridical/Legal – Supports land markets• Multipurpose – Supports social, economic and

environmental activities

What are the implications for coastal and marine spaces?

Definition of Cadastre




[After Dale and McLaughlin, 1988]

Topography; Hydrography; Bathymetry; Hydrology; Soils;

Vegetation; Geology; Legislation; Demographics; Ecology;

Vulnerability ...

Topography; Hydrography; Bathymetry; Hydrology; Soils;

Vegetation; Geology; Legislation; Demographics; Ecology;

Vulnerability ...

Marine CadastreMultipurpose Cadastre




Marine CadastreResearch: Management and

Access

[Ng'ang'a, Sutherland, Cockburn and Nichols, 2002; 2004]




Marine CadastreResearch: Technology –

Governance (Decision-Making), Visualization and Access

• ESRI shape files

Internet Internet

Source 1 Source X

Applet Viewer

• Caris files• Orthophotography

• Oracle 10i

Governance ArrangementsClient NeedsTechnology

Topology




Marine CadastreDevelopments: USA Marine

Cadastre




Marine CadastreDevelopments: Australian Marine Spatial Information

System




Marine CadastreDevelopments: Canada – Prototype Proof of

Concept




Canada

Interest and Initiatives:

• University of New Brunswick, Canada since 2001• Researchers at other Canadian universities• Surveyor General• Association of Canada Lands Surveyors• Canadian Hydrographic Association• Canadian Institute of Geomatics• COINAtlantic and Geoconnections, Canada• Natural Resources Canada




http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography-boundary/boundary/modernization-cadastral-systems/11129




• Boundaries have always been key in governance arrangements;

• Marine cadastre is still a relatively new concept but is developing [slowly];

• Marine cadastre concept can be an integral part of a holistic governance framework

Conclusions




AcknowledgementsThe author acknowledges the support of:

• COINAtlantic and Geoconnections, Canada

• Mr. Daniel Jones, Department of Geomatics Engineering and Land Management, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

• Dr. Sue Nichols, Titus Tienaah and Katie Komjathy, Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada

• Brad Fay, Brad Fay & Associates, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.


michael sutherland, canada 1 of 27 cyprus – november 29-30, 2012 dr. michael sutherland, mrics...

Documents

michael sutherland

customary interests

mrics habitat

rightsdivested rights

governance acknowledgements

mrics unclos defnition

overlapping uses slide

mrics genuine consultation