mexico's landscape on energy and society · rousseau, i., "marco jurídico de pemex”,...

Mexico's landscape on Energy and Society:

the transition within the transitionFebruary 6, 2019

100 years ago…1

Energy and Society

• 1910 to 1922: Oil large scale production• 1922 to 1928: Decrease of Mexican oil production• Venezuela overtakes Mexico’s world second place.

• Law Changes:• Constitution 1917: Mexican Government asserted ownership of the

“subsoil,” including any natural resources discovered below ground. • 1920-1930: Long lasting conflict between Mexican Government and

private companies over secondary legislation.

2Rousseau, I., "Marco Jurídico de PEMEX”, Colegio de México, 2018

• March 18, 1938: Cárdenas promulgated the expropriation decree

• Finally, in 1950, the U.S. Government abandoned its efforts to re-open the Mexican oil industry after several failed attempts to use government loans as leverage. By this time, American oil companies had begun losing interest in Mexico and preferred operating under the more favorable conditions found in the Middle East and Venezuela.

3https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/mexican-oil (last visited on February 5, 2019).

Recent history…

4

Mexico’s Energy Reform

• August 2013: EPN sends government reform initiative to Congress• December 20, 2013: Energy Reform Decree • Constitution amendments to articles 25, 27 and 28. • Reaffirmation of the constitutional principle of state ownership • Free competition among economic actors• Strengthening of regulatory agencies• Focus on transparency and accountability• Environmental protection and fostering Clean Energy.

• By December 2015, secondary legislation:• 10 new laws• 12 modified laws

5

STI under Mexico’s Energy Reform

• December 20, 2013: Oil Mexican Fund

• August 6, 2014• Budget and Revenue Accountability Law

• Oil Mexican Fund resources • 65% CONACyT-SENER Hydrocarbon fund

• 15% Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo• 20% CONACyT-SENER Energy Sustainability fund

13

Mexican Oil Fund Resources

14

151

DIAGNÓSTICO TECNOLÓGICO CEMIE – GEO

2017

1

CEMIE-EÓLICO

DIAGNÓSTICO TECNOLÓGICO

2017

DIAGNÓSTICO TECNOLÓGICO

CEMIE-OCÉANO

2017

1

b

REPORTE DE DIAGNÓSTICO Tecnológico de ENERGÍA SOLAR

DIAGNOSTICO TECNOLÓGICO

CEMIE-Sol

2017

16

CeMIE-Geo CeMIE-Eólico

CeMIE-Océano

CeMIE-Solar

Mexican Innovation Centre on Solar Energy

86

11

1,20718

19

Resulttype Expected Achieved

Papers 192 358

Degrees 100 182(63,61,57,1)

IPapplications 18 35

Businessplans 0 7

Social Economic

Environmental Institutional

20

22IRENA, Global Energy Transformation: A roadmap to 2050, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, 2018

How to Foster the global energy transformation

1. Tap into the strong synergies between energy efficiency and renewable energy.

2. Plan a power sector for which renewables provide a high share of the energy

3. Increase use of electricity in transport, buildings and industry4. Foster system-wide innovation5. Align socio-economic structures and investment with the

transition6. Ensure that transition costs and benefits are fairly distributed


The Landscape of Innovation


Innovation

25

Wellbeing over well-having

26

Opportunity

Social Innovation

Participative knowledge management to define

projects, programmes and public policies to improve

level and quality lifeboth of individuals as well

as of communities by promoting is freedom of

choice.Martínez-Tagüeña et al

27

Knowledge

Management

Community

Social Innovation (2019)

28

•Technological innovation with social impact• Coffee Drying Solar System for Chiapas local producers• Development of a solar dehydrator for nutraceuticals

•Social Innovation• Empowerment through Solar Energy (in collaboration with UCL)• Sustainable Magic Towns: Tlaxco, Tlaxcala

Political transition

29

Data, data, and more dataPaís GII 2018 HDI 2018 HI 2018

Suiza 1 2 5Suecia 2 7 9Estados Unidos 4 13 18Reino Unido 3(5) 14 19Alemania 10 (9) 5 15Chile 44 (46) 44 25Costa Rica 45 (53) 63 13México 61 (58) 74 24Yemen 126 (127) 178 152

30

July 1, 2018

• Andrés Manuel López Obrador wins the Presidential Election• Socialist ideology• Primero los pobres (Poor people first)• Frontal Opposition to Education and Energy Reforms• Re-emergence of post-revolutionary discourse around energy and social

issues: La cuarta transformación. • This new government brings the promise of placing the focus of polity

back to well-being and empowerment for all, with an explicit acknowledgment of Mexico’s cultural and socioeconomic diversity.

31

January, 2019

• Energy Security is a priority• The Energy Reform won’t be touched for the next three years• Political discourse• Clean Energy has disappeared• Emergence of Renewable Energies and Clean Technologies

• CFE• Organizational Empowerment• Creation of Renewable Energy areas throughout the whole organization• Collaboration with private sector

32

• Coordination (Unit) on Renewable Energies in SENER• Participation of academic former presidents ANES

• Priority on Energy Efficiency (beyond regulation)• Sustainable mobility programme• Social oriented projects• Young future talents programme

• Education, evaluation, hands-on experience• Energizing with Solar Energy > 40,000 of vulnerable small communities

with a participative approach• Installing > 4 Million of solar roofs (PV)

• CONACyT focusing on the social33

How to Foster the global energy transformation

1. Tap into the strong synergies between energy efficiency and renewable energy.

2. Plan a power sector for which renewables provide a high share of the energy

3. Increase use of electricity in transport, buildings and industry4. Foster system-wide innovation5. Align socio-economic structures and investment with the

transition6. Ensure that transition costs and benefits are fairly distributed


35

@MujeresEnergia@RedSol14@ierunam@kcedano

redmujeresenenergiareddeenergia.solarInstitutoDeEnergiasRenovableskarla.cedano.69

mexico's landscape on energy and society · rousseau, i., "marco jurídico de pemex”,...

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