Methods of Instruction

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Learning Objectives

• Upon completion of this lesson, participants will be able to:– Compare and contrast a range of instructional

methods.– Select appropriate instructional methods for

specific content.– Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each

method.

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Methods of Instruction

• Teaching lecture• Guided discussion• Teaching interview• Case study• Demonstration performance

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Review

• Determining the method of delivery should be a part of the analysis– Audience– Objectives

IMPLEMENT

ANALYSIS

DESIGN

DEVELOP

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Lecture Method

• A teaching lecture is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject given by a single individual.

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Formal Lecture

• One way communication• Usually given to large groups• Structured and rehearsed

TED

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Informal Lecture

• Two way communication• Usually given to smaller groups• Conversational tone

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Teaching Lecture MethodAdvantages• Factual material is presented in a direct, logical manner• May provide experiences that inspire - useful for large group• Most efficient way to convey teacher spoken information

Disadvantages• Proficient oral skills are necessary• Audience is often passive• Learning is difficult to determine as the lecture progresses• Communication is one-way

Preparation• Become very familiar with subject• Provide comfortable, non-distracting environment• Be mindful of trainees’ mental and physical state (hunger, fatigue)

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Guided Discussion

• Exposes students to a variety of diverse perspectives, helps them recognize and investigate their assumptions, improves listening and conversation skills, fosters connection to a topic, and affirms students as co-creators of knowledge

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Methods

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Formal Informal Guided Discussion

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Guided discussion

• All channel communication• Multiple responses• Allows for discussion of the material

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Guided Discussion - Delivery• Participation Tips

– Get to know your students.– Always consider your objectives.– Come prepared with prompts.– Circulate the room if working in groups

• REMEMBER• The instructor must be flexible in order to help the student

reach a planned lesson objective. Write the lesson plan is such a way to give that flexibility to instructors.

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Guided Discussion

• Questioning Techniques– Open-ended question– Reflected question– Redirecting

When asking an open-ended question, how long should you wait for an answer?

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In what situations would the various methods be appropriate?

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Applying the methods

Guided discussionInformal lectureFormal lecture

Cognitive

Evaluation

Synthesis

Analysis

Application

Comprehension

Knowledge

ExplainInterpretDescribe____NameList Identify

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Demonstration Performance

• The demonstration method of instruction provides a "clear picture" of a task that must be learned.

• The performance method of instruction is based on the principle that one learns best by doing.

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Demonstration Performance

• The body of the lesson plan includes four phases– Explanation– Demonstration– Performance/Supervision– Evaluation

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Demonstration Performance

• Mental Skills• Math formulas• Map reading• Languages

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Demonstration Performance

• Physical Skills• Cutting• Drilling• Measuring

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Criterion Objective

• Objectives are a little different with a Demonstration Performance lesson. You should write a Criterion Objective so students know exactly what they are to do, under what conditions, and how well they are to do it.• Performance: States behaviorally what is required to

do• Condition: States what resources can and cannot be

used• Standard: Specifies how well task must be performed

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Remaining Methods

• Teaching interview• Case study

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Teaching interview

• Interviewing experts• Advance questions

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Case Study

• Some students are more inductive than deductive

• Can be very effective as a capstone technique for teaching

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Advantages of the case study

• Problem solving• Requires student to be analytical• Requires students to engage in decision-

making

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Setting up the case study

• What is the issue?• What is the goal of the case study?• What is the context of the problem?• What key facts should be considered?

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Case study

InformationPrinciplesConcepts

OutcomesCase

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Case Study

• What are the facts?• What is the problem?

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Methods of Instruction Review

• Teaching lecture• Guided discussion• Teaching interview• Case study• Demonstration performance