metal hydride storage tank - ele.energy.dtu.dk
TRANSCRIPT
Metal Hydride Storage Tank
J. O Jensen1,*, E. Hennesø1, Q. Li1, J. J. Bentzen2, A. S. Pedersen2, S. Yde-Andersen3 and N. J. Bjerrum1
1Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
2Risø DTU, Materials Research Department, AFM-228, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 3IRD Fuel Cells A/S, Kullinggade 31, DK-5700 Svendborg, Denmark
*E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract A hydrogen storage tank was developed and constructed based on metal hydride powder contained in aluminium compartments. The aim was to develop a tank for a hydrogen powered car with a water cooled internal combustion engine (ICE). A model tank with an internal volume of about one litre was fitted with a heat exchanger and metal hydride alloy powder of the AB5 type from GfE (Germany). Charging time (95%) was about 20 min. with tap water cooling and discharging time (95%) about 30 min. using 85-90ºC water as the heat source. Later the tank was up-scaled, but changed geometrical requirements from the end-user led to a re-dimensioning of the heat exchanger. As a consequence the rates for charging and discharging became somewhat lower.
JOJ June 2008
First tank (vol ~1L)
Third tank (vol 17,5L)
Second tank (vol ~1L)
Acknowledgement: The authors which to acknowledge the Danish Energy Authority, the Hydrogen Programme. For financial support of the work.
The improved heat exchanger in Tank 2 after testing. The aluminium compartment served two purposes; 1) as heat conductors and 2) to prevent compaction of the powder. The central tube for water cannot be seen. No visible damage was detected.
Left: Tank 1 during testing.
Right: The copper plate heat exchanger after a
number of charge discharge cycles. Note it
is severely bent due to the expansion forces of
the powder.
Left: Charging of tank 2. Cooling by tap water.
Right: Discharging. Heating by 85-90ºC water (attempted
cooling water from vehicular ICE)
0,000,200,400,600,801,001,201,401,601,80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Cycle no.
Hyd
roge
n (w
%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Tim
e fo
r 95
% (m
in)
0,000,200,400,600,801,001,201,401,601,80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Cycle no.
Hyd
roge
n (w
%)
0102030405060708090100
Tim
e fo
r 95
% (m
in)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0,0 0,5 1,0
Time (hours)
Tem
pera
ture
(o C),
and
Pres
sure
(bar
(o))
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Hyd
roge
n (N
L),
and
Hea
t (kc
al)
Pressure
Litre H2
Temp. water out
Removed heat
Charge
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0,0 0,5 1,0
Time (hours)
Tem
pera
ture
(o C),
and
Pres
sure
(bar
(o))
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Hyd
roge
n (N
L),
and
Hea
t (kc
al)
Temp. Water out
Heat supplied
Litre H2
Pressure
Discharge
For submission to:
Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
Left: The result of 10 charge/discharge 10 cycles of tank 2 with pure hydrogen (99.9999%). Filled markers: filling, open markers: discharge. Time for 95% completion.
Right: 10 more cycles with technical quality hydrogen.
(low purity )
Left: Cross section of final tank. Mid: The final tank. Volume 17.5 L. 29 kg hydride. Right: one compartment during filling (in air)