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VOLUME 566VOLUME 566

MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INDUSTRYWeekly

B U L L ET I NB U L L ET I N24 December 2019 | NO. ISSN : 2180-0448

Merry Christmas

May this Christmas close the present year on a

cheerful note and make way for a fresh and bright New Year. Here’s wishing

you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!

FROM ALL OF US AT MITI

AND HAPPY NEW YEAR 2020


MITI Weekly Bulletin | www.miti.gov.my

Mal

aysi

a St

atis

tics

Consumer Price Index (CPI), November 2019

Note : % change year-on-year

122.1Nov 2018: 121.0

0.1%Oct 2019: 0.2%Month-on-Month

0.9%Oct 2019: 1.1%Year-on-Year

Note: Percentage refers to y-o-y percentage changeSource: Department of Statistics, Malaysia

CPI increased by 0.9% in November 2019 compared to November 2018

Percentage change for main group

1.7%Oct 2019: 1.6%

Housing, Water, Electricity,Gas & Other Fuels

1.5%Oct 2019: 1.5%

Communication

1.1%Oct 2019: 1.2%

Restaurants & Hotels

0.4%Oct 2019: 2.2%

Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco

1.5%Oct 2019: 1.8%

Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages

- 2.4%Oct 2019: - 2.3%

Transport

- 1.1%Oct 2019: - 1.3%

Clothing & Footwear

2.5%Oct 2019: 2.2%

Miscellaneous Goods & Services

1.5%Oct 2019: 1.7%

Furnishings,Household Equipment & Routine Household Maintenance

1.6%Oct 2019:1.9%

Education

1.4%Oct 2019: 1.4%

Health

0.8%Oct 2019: 0.7%

Recreation Services & Culture



2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.1

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.7

Selangor &Putrajaya FT

Pulau Pinang

Kuala Lumpur FT

Perak

Johor

Kedah & Perlis

Melaka

Negeri Sembilan

Sabah & Labuan FT

Terengganu

Sarawak

Pahang

Kelantan

Mal

aysi

a St

atis

tics

Note: Percentage refers to y-o-y percentage changeSource: Department of Statistics, Malaysia

Inflation Rate by State, November 2019

1.41.3

1.1

0.90.8 0.8 0.8

0.7

0.50.4

0.3 0.3 0.3

Kua

la L

umpu

r FT

Sela

ngor

&Pu

traj

aya

FT

Pula

u Pi

nang

Pera

k

Joho

r

Paha

ng

Keda

h &

Per

lis

Neg

eri S

embi

lan

Mel

aka

Kela

ntan

Tere

ngga

nu

Saba

h &

Labu

an F

T

Sara

wak

MALAYSIA:0.9%Percentage (%)

MALAYSIA:1.5%

Inflation Rate for Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages by State, November 2019

Percentage (%)



Sust

aina

ble

Dev

elop

men

t Goa

ls In

dica

tors

Goal 3: Good Health & Well-being Goal 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities Goal 16: Peace, Justice & Strong Instituition

Indicator 16.1.1: Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000populations, by sex and age

In 2018, the number of murder cases reduced to 323 cases as compared to 379 cases in 2017. As for causing injury cases, the number of cases also declined by 7.2 per cent to 4,660 cases as compared to 5,024 in 2017.

Figure 16.1: Number of reported violent crime by type of cases, 2017 and 2018

Cluster 2: Well Being2



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Mer

chan

dise

Tra

de S

tati

stic

s

Sources: https://www.trademap.org/index.aspx

World largest exports of line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, seamless, of stainless steel*

1MALAYSIAUS$63.5m

17.2%

2R.O. KOREAUS$62.1m

16.8%

3CHINA

US$45.7m12.4%

4INDIA

US$27.2m7.3%

5USA

US$21.7m5.9%

In 2018, Malaysia’s export of line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, seamless, of stainless steel recorded US$63.5 million with 17.2% share to the world exports

Notes: -*HS730411 -% refer to share in world exports

Top Five Malaysia Export Destinations

SingaporeUS$62.07m

ThailandUS$0.26m

RussianFederationUS$0.23m

ItalyUS$0.18m

Brunei DarussalamUS$0.17m

Sources: https://www.trademap.org/index.aspx

123

4

5



Note: *Provisional Data Source: Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

Generalised System of Preferences (GSP)

Total FOB (RM mil.) Total CO

Note: The preference giving countries under the GSP scheme are Liechtenstein, the Russian Federation, Japan, Switzerland, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Norway.

Number and Value of Preferential Certificates of Origin (PCOs)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,50029

Sep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA)


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA)


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Agreement (AKFTA)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA)


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA)



MITI Weekly Bulletin | www.miti.gov.myMITI Weekly Bulletin | www.miti.gov.my

Sales Value

Number and Value of Preferential Certificates of Origin (PCOs)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (MJEPA)


0

50

100

150

200

250

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Pakistan Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (MPCEPA)


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

Malaysia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (MNZFTA)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Chile Free Trade Agreement (MCFTA)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

Malaysia-India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (MICECA)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Australia Free Trade Agreement (MAFTA)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

29 S

ep

6 O

ct

13 O

ct

20 O

ct

27 O

ct

3 N

ov

10 N

ov

17 N

ov

24 N

ov

1 D

ec

8 D

ec

15 D

ec

No.

of C

ertif

icat

e of

Orig

in

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Turkey Free Trade Agreement (MTFTA)


Note: *Provisional Data Source: Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia



Source : Bank Negara Malaysia

Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate with Selected Countries,January 2018 - December 2019

US Dollar

Canadian Dollar

New Zealand Dollar

Swiss Franc

Saudi Riyal

Myanmar Kyat

3.9578

3.8862

4.18814.1879

3.70

3.75

3.80

3.85

3.90

3.95

4.00

4.05

4.10

4.15

4.20

4.25

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec Ja

n

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

2018 2019

RM

USD 1 = RM

3.1806

3.0211

3.1987

3.1725

3.1425

2.90

2.95

3.00

3.05

3.10

3.15

3.20

3.25

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec Ja

n

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

2018 2019

RM

CAD 1 = RM

2.8676

2.6527

2.6615

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.75

2.80

2.85

2.90

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec Ja

n

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

2018 2019

RM

NZD 1 = RM

4.1069

3.9775

4.2802

4.2152

4.1898

3.80

3.85

3.90

3.95

4.00

4.05

4.10

4.15

4.20

4.25

4.30

4.35

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec Ja

n

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

2018 2019RM

CHF 1 = RM

105.5322

103.6265

111.6587 110.9004

98.0

100.0

102.0

104.0

106.0

108.0

110.0

112.0

114.0

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec Ja

n

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

2018 2019

RM

SAR 100 = RM

0.2940 0.2948

0.2628

0.2746

0.250

0.255

0.260

0.265

0.270

0.275

0.280

0.285

0.290

0.295

0.300

Jan

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec Ja

n

Feb

Ma

r

Apr

Ma

y

Jun Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

2018 2019

RM

MMK 100 = RM



1.4%*US$66.1

%*US$45.6

6.7%* US$1,515.5

3.4%*US$280.0

(low)

6.3%*US$300.0

(high)20 December 2019

Sources: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysian Rubber Board, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation, and Bloomberg.

Commodity Prices

Notes: All figures have been rounded to the nearest decimal point * Refer to % change from the previous week’s price i Average price in the year except otherwise indicated

CRUDE PETROLEUM (BRENT) -per bbl-

20 December 2019

CRUDE PALM OIL -per MT-

11.5%*US$769.0

20 December 2019

RUBBER SMR 20 -per MT-

3.8%*US$1,442.0

COCOA SMC 2 -per MT-

COAL -per MT-

SUGAR -per lbs-

0.3%*US$13.5

SCRAP IRON HMS -per MT-

5 Oct 2018 : US$84.2

Highest2018/2019

17 May 2019 : US$72.2

9 Aug 2019 : US$54.5 28 Dec 2018 : US$52.2

Lowest2018/2019

9 Mar 2018 : US$691.5

Highest2018/2019

20 Dec 2019 : US$769.0

26 July 2019 : US$488.5 23 Nov 2018 : US$448.5

Lowest2018/2019

Average Price 2018 i : US$71.5 Average Price 2018 i : US$600.1

Average Price 2018 i : US$1,371.0 Average Price 2018 i : US$1,535.6 Average Price 2018 i : US¢12.3

Average Price 2018 i : US$380.7 (high)Average Price 2018 i : US$359.6 (low)Average Price 2018 i : US$66.9

Domestic Prices20 December 2019

Steel Bars(per MT)

RM1,900– RM1,950

Billets(per MT)

RM1,800 - RM1,900

20 December 2019

20 December 2019

20 December 2019

20 December 2019



Commodity Price Trends

Sources: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysian Rubber Board, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysian Pepper Board, Bloomberg and Czarnikow Group, World Bank, World Gold Council, The Wall Street Journal.

1,696.9

1,630.6

1,677.4

1,689.4

1,623.9

1,651.1

1,741.2

1,751.4

1,684.1

1,663.7

1,623.8

1,515.51,500

1,550

1,600

1,650

1,700

1,750

1,800

4 Oct 11 Oct 18 Oct 25 Oct 1 Nov 8 Nov 15 Nov 22 Nov 29 Nov 6 Dec 13 Dec 20 Dec

US$/

mt

Cocoa

2,004 2,003 2,0021,991

1,957

1,976

1,936

1,881

1,879 1,879

1,840

1,841

1,800.0

1,850.0

1,900.0

1,950.0

2,000.0

2,050.0


US$

/mt

Pepper

1,252.5

1,291.01,309.5

1,322.0

1,337.5

1,355.01,364.0

1,414.0

1,401.5

1,490.0 1,499.5

1,442.0

1,240

1,290

1,340

1,390

1,440

1,490


US$

/mt

Rubber SMR 20

52.8

54.553.8

56.7 56.257.2 57.7 57.8

55.2

59.260.1 60.458.4

60.559.4

62.0 61.762.5

63.3 63.462.4

64.465.2

66.1

40

45

50

55

60

65

70


US$

/bbl

Crude Petroleum

Crude Petroleum (WTI)/bbl Crude Petroleum (Brent)/bbl

538.5533.0

554.5564.5

583.5

639.0

673.0 680.5684.5

698.5

689.5

769.0

485

535

585

635

685

735

785


US$/

mt

Crude Palm Oil

12.8

12.412.3 12.4

12.512.6

12.7

12.8

12.9

13.2

13.5 13.5

11.8

12.0

12.2

12.4

12.6

12.8

13.0

13.2

13.4

13.6

13.8


US¢

/lbs

Sugar



17.6

17.517.6

17.9

18.1

16.8

16.917.0

17.1

16.6

17.0

17.2

16.2

16.4

16.6

16.8

17.0

17.2

17.4

17.6

17.8

18.0

18.2


US$

/oz

Silver

48.2

47.6

47.9

48.7

48.5

47.1 47.2

47.1 46.9 46.9

47.2

47.6

46.0

46.5

47.0

47.5

48.0

48.5

49.0


US

$/g

Gold

Sources: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia, , Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation, Bloomberg and Czarnikow Group, World Bank, World Gold Council, The Wall Street Journal.

2,25

5 2,30

0

2,23

8 2,

082

2,05

2

2,02

6

2,03

0

1,93

9

1,92

0

1,85

4

1,86

3

1,87

1

1,84

5

1,78

1

1,75

6

1,79

7

1,74

1

1,75

4

1,72

6 1,77

5

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

2,300

2,400

Ap

r

May Jun

Jul

Au

g

Sep

Oct

No

v

Dec Jan

Feb

Mar

Ap

r

May Jun

Jul

Au

g

Sep

Oct

No

v

2018 2019

US$

/ to

nn

e

Aluminium

6,85

2

6,82

5 6,96

6

6,25

1 6,

051

6,05

1 6,22

0

6,19

6

6,07

5

5,93

9

6,30

0 6,43

9

6,43

8

6,01

8

5,88

2

5,94

1

5,70

9

5,75

9

5,75

7

5,86

0

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

7,000

7,500

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

2018 2019

US$

/ to

nne

Copper

13,9

38

14,3

66

15,1

06

13,7

94

13,4

11

12,5

10

12,3

15

11,2

40

10,8

35

11,5

23 12

,685

13,0

26

12,7

73

12,0

16

11,9

44

13,5

46

15,7

49

17,6

57

17,0

46

15,1

72

7,000

9,000

11,000

13,000

15,000

17,000

19,000

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

Dec Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Se

p

Oct

Nov

2018 2019

US$

/ to

nne

Nickel

Commodity Price Trends

65

.75

66

.10

65

.04

64

.56

67

.15

68

.44 7

3.4

1

73

.26

69

.15

76

.16

88

.22

86

.47

93

.70

10

0.1

51

08

.94

12

0.2

4

93

.07

93

.08

88

.53

84

.98

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

120.0

130.0

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

2018 2019

US

$/d

mtu

Iron Ore

886.9

900.3895.9

933.3

954.0

893.1 894.5 892.6

900.4 898.9

928.8

913.8

860.0

880.0

900.0

920.0

940.0

960.0

980.0


US

$/o

z

Platinum

250.0250.0

260.0 260.0

280.0 280.0 280.0280.0

300.0

310.0

320.0

300.0

225.0 225.0

235.0

250.0

260.0 260.0 260.0265.0

280.0285.0

290.0

280.0

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340


US

$/m

t

Scrap Iron Scrap Iron/MT (High) Scrap Iron/MT(Low)

43.6

44.6

44.1 44.1

43.8 43.843.8

43.8

46.1

45.6 45.6 45.6

43

44

44

45

45

46

46

47

47


US

$/t

Coal



MIT

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MES

MITI DAY 201919 October 2019BILATERAL MEETING BETWEEN MITI MINISTER AND

DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER OF UZBEKISTAN19 DECEMBER 2019



MIT

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RAM

MES

MITI DAY 201919 October 2019ENGAGEMENT SESSION WITH ASSOCIATIONS & INDUSTRIES

TO DISCUSS ON THE NATURAL GAS SUPPLY ISSUE18 DECEMBER 2019



MIT

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RAM

MES

MITI DAY 201919 October 2019CLOCK OUT SESSION

Y. BHG. DATUK TALAGAVATHI, DEPUTY SECRETARY GENERAL (INDUSTRY)17 DECEMBER 2019



One of the most important operating principles of APEC cooperation that was defined clearly in the Seoul Declaration (1991). It is based on the “commitment to open dialogue and consensus-building, with equal respect for the views of all participants”. Unlike the WTO/GATT, decisions made within APEC are reached by consensus. All meetings, from APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting to Minister-level Meeting or Official-level Meeting, are informal and undertaken on a voluntary basis. As a result, members are not involved in treaty obligations. All decisions made by Economic Leaders and Ministers are outlined in the Declaration that reflects the common determination of all members.

Consensus:

Decoupled Income Support:Subsidies/support provide to farmers that is not linked to (is decoupled from) prices or production.

Current Account Balance: The current account balance is made up of four separate balances:• Balance of trade in goods;• Balance of trade in services;• Net investment income from external

assets; and• Transfers.

G L O S S A RYSource: http://www.miti.gov.my /index.php/glossary

Indicates that an economy is exporting a greater value of goods and services than it is importing. A country with a current account surplus will have a deficit on the financial/capital account.

Current Account Surplus:

A measure which allows the usage of the non-originating materials to be used in the production of the originating good.

De Minimis:

• A situation where the amount of money going out of a country is more than the amount coming in. This leads to a net outflow of money from a country’s circular flow.

• In the case of a current account deficit, a nation needs to operate an off-setting surplus on the capital account of their balance of Payments and this can be done in several ways including:

◊ attracting inflows of direct and portfolio investment from overseas;◊ attracting short term banking flows into their economy (so called hot

money);◊ attracting other flows including some remittances from migrant

workers located overseas; and◊ short term borrowing/financial assistance from the World Bank and

IMF.

Current Account Deficits:

Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods.

Counterfeit:

Countervailing measures:Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties, to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.

Measures net provision of real resources namely goods, services, primary and secondary income to or from the rest of the world.

Current Account:

In conformity with the definition used by Central Bank of Malaysia and Treasury, debt service ratio is the amount of principal repayments (excluding prepayments) and interest payments

Debt Service Ratio: Doha Development Agenda (DDA/Doha Development Round):The Doha Round or the Doha Development Agenda is the latest round of trade negotiations among WTO membership. The work program covers about 20 areas and a basic objective to improve the trading prospects of developing countries. Key areas under negotiations are agriculture, industrial tariffs and non-tariff barriers, services, and trade remedies (safeguards, anti-dumping, subsidies). The DDA was launched in November 2001 at the 4th WTO Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar. However, negotiations have broken down and a conclusion of elements of the Doha Round is unlikely in the near future.



T e c h n i c a l N o t e sSource: https://www.wto.org

Breaks in data continuity

Most frequently used sources for statistics are:

EUROSTAT, External and Intra-European Union TradeFAO, Production YearbookFAO, Trade YearbookIMF, Balance of Payments StatisticsIMF, International Financial StatisticsIMF, World Economic OutlookOECD, Main Economic IndicatorsOECD, National AccountsOECD, Monthly Statistics of Foreign TradeOECD/IEA, Energy Prices & TaxesUNECE, Economic Survey of EuropeUNIDO, National Accounts Statistics DatabaseUNSD, Comtrade databaseUNSD, International Trade Statistics YearbookUNSD, Monthly Bulletin of StatisticsWorld Bank, World Development IndicatorsWorld Bank, World Tables

These sources are supplemented by national publications and Secretariat estimates.

STATISTICAL SOURCES

The merchandise trade statistics in this report are largely derived from two sources. Figures for total merchandise trade are derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. Data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product come mainly from the UNSD Comtrade database. Some inconsistencies in the aggregate export and import data for the same country or territory between the two sources are inevitable. These can be attributed to the use of different systems of recording trade, to the way in which IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data.

Statistics on trade in commercial services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. For countries that do not report to the IMF (e.g., Hong Kong, China; Macau, China; and Taipei, Chinese) data are drawn from national sources. Estimations for missing data are mainly based on national statistics. Statistics on trade in commercial services by origin and destinations (Tables III.6 and III.7) are also derived from national statistics.

Acknowledgements are due to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Statistics Division, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the World Bank whose assistance in supplying advance copies of their publications as well as other information has greatly facilitated the work of the Secretariat. Acknowledgements are also due to national institutions for providing advance statistics.



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