mental health and well being prof.yan he-qin shanghai mental health center jiao-tong university...
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Mental Health and Well Being
Prof.Yan He-Qin
Shanghai Mental Health Center
Jiao-Tong University
School of Medicine
..Definition of Health
WHO:(1948)
Health is a state of complete physical,mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Well Being include:
Normal Intelligent Nice mental state Harmony personal relationship Good social function Strong-Willed Stable Personality.
Noble Morality.
Social Development and Stress
Great Change Competitions Stress Various inference Family structure change One child family Aging problem Big City problem Unemployed etc.
Psychological Problems in each period Infantile period:
Child period:
Adolescent period:
Adult period:
Involution period:
Senile period:
Mental Health Problems
Psychoses : Schizophrenia ,Manic-Depression disorder, Alzheimer
Disease etc
Neuroses : Depression ,Anxiety,, Obsession, Neurasthenia etc
Psychological disorder : Adjustment Disorder, Alcohol and Drug
Addiction etc
Psychosomatic Disorder : Hypertension, Asthma ,Peptic Ulcer etc.
Personality Disorder: Antisocial. Paranoid, Schizoid, Histronic etc.
Stress and Health
Appropriate stress can improve one’s adaptation.
Excessive stress cause over reaction, exhaustion and death
Psychological stress cause change of neuro-endocrine, immunity function, neurotransmitters, NGF and Brain neuron
Medication, Psychological management, Relaxations procedure and Exercise help to recover
Statistics according to DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years )
sequence disorders percentage to all burdens % treatment %
1. chronic lung obstruction 8.5 502. depressive disorders 6.2 53. lower respiratory tract infection 5.7 ?4. brain vascular disorders 5.2 505. self hurt 3.9 ?6. ischemic anemia 3.2 ?7. ischemic heart disorders 2.9 508. falling down 2.2 ?9. drowning 2.1 ?10. traffic accident 2.1 ?11. tuberculosis 2.0 ?12. liver cancer 1.9 3013. diarrhea 1.8 ?
DALY(1990)Percentage of Reduction of Disability Adjusted Life Years
brain vasculardisorders3.2%
cancer5.8%malaria2.8%
other infectiousdisorders5.3%
heart disease4.4%
respiratorysystemproblems9%
women rinatalperiod problems9.5%
mental healthproblems 8.1%
behavior relateddisorders 34%(infecteous andnon-infectious )
other non-infectiousdisorders 18%
(World Bank, 1993)
Mental Health ProblemsPrevalence of Mental Illness (USA)ECA/DIS/DSMIII
disorders month Life time prevalence
Any DIS disorder 15.4 32.2
Alcohol and drug dependence
3.8 16.4
Anxious disorders 7.3 14.6
Depressive disorders
Mental disorders
2.2
0.7
5.8
1.5
Social Burdens from Mental Illness
Mental illness is common disease : high incidence, often relapse, behaviors out of control, lack of insight, harmful to society, family and persons( making troubles), eg: schizophrenia, mood disorders, paranoid disorders .
Personality disorders: unstable emotions, compulsive behaviors, unable to learn a lesson, harmful to others and himself, unstable factors to the society. eg: compulsive personality disorder,paranoid personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and perversion ,etc.
Depression
Report by WHO:1.5 billions Affective Disorder in the World
Austraria(1995)prevalence rate of Depression” 1.32%
South Korea :3.1-5.5%
Hong Kong :2.4-5.2%
576 out patient clinic of internal medicine in Shanghai:4%
Incidence of Depression
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
parksinsonism
milcardial infraction
stroke
inpatients with cancer
outpatiets with cancer
geriatric inpatients
inptietns
chronic dieorders
common people
incidence
Depression of Inpatients in Internal Medicine Word
hematology, endocrine department 44.7% neurology department 37.5% cardiovascular department 34.5% gastrointestinal department 30.4% tumor department 20-40% related disorders: stroke 26-34%, rheumatoid arthritis 2
0%, parkinsonism 40%, cardiovascular diseases 19%
Definite Diagnosis Rates of Depression in General Hospitals
WHO survey in 15 countries and areas :
incidence of psychological disorders 24%
average recognition rate of general practioner 48.9%
Analysis in 576 cases in Shanghai:
incidence of psychological disorders 9.7%
major depressive disorder 4%
recognition rate of physicians 15.9%
Problems and Propose Problems: Knowledge of Mental Health still not
popular. General medical staff lack of mental health
training High prevalence rate, High death rate, High
disable rate Mental Health need legislation to guarantee Stigma and privileges still exist in society
Treatment of Mental Diseases
Drugs therapy: Antipsychotic drugs Antidepressant Antianxiety Hypnotic etc. Psychotherapy : Psychoanalytic, Cognitive-
behavior, Interpersonal relationship, Family therapy, Relaxation therapy, Group therapy etc
Physic therapy: ECT, Biofeedback etc Social support and management
Prevention Mental Illness
Primary prevention: to increase protective factors and reduce risky factors for mental illness .
Secondary prevention: to reduce harm through early discovery, early diagnosis and treatment
Tertiary prevention: to train the patients to improve their abilities of looking after themselves, adapting to society and occupational skills in order to reduce disability and social dysfunctions, promote rehabilitation and prevent relapse.
Methods to Promote Mental Health
Foster healthy personalities Healthy life methods and behavior habits Improve adaptation to natural and social
environment Improve coping abilities to mental stresses Reduce negative influences, prevent mental
disorders and psychosomatic disorders Develop community psychiatric services
Methods to Promote Mental Health(Cont.)
To have knowledge of oneself To accept oneself To explore one’s potential abilities and keep
contacts with reality through practices To build positive interpersonal relationships To seek help and support To improve adaptation and coping skills
Learning Self Management
Methods to control emotions : distraction, dissociation, weakening, empathy, sublimation, undoing, catharsis, etc
Learn to be patience and tolerant Treat frustration and unfortunate things correctly Properly adapt “The method of mental victory” Pay an attenuation to train strong will and build up
scientific world view.
Ways to reduce mental Stress Talk to a person you trust Try a change of pace Take one step at a time Get rid of anger safely Take it easy Do something for yourself Do something for someone else
Propose: to guarantee society harmony and stabilization and people’s health
To widespread mental health knowledge , everybody needs
mental health (especially for weak populations ) Both governmental and non-governmental branches and
organizations need to participate and cooperate in mental health To be against stigma and insult to patients with mental illness To popularize methods of prompting psychological health To include mental health to construction of spiritual civilization To expand and make the mental health service system perfect
Thank you !