mendel and genetics lecture notes - weeblymhsanimalscience.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/4/5/... · 3 unit...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Unit 4 Unit 4 –– Reproduction and Reproduction and
Genetics Genetics
Lesson 11 Lesson 11 -- Mendel and Mendel and
GeneticsGenetics
Colorado Agriscience Curriculum Colorado Agriscience Curriculum
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP22
I. Gregor MendelI. Gregor Mendel
• A) Geneticist who first developed the rules
to predicting the pattern of heredity
– 1) Monk who did experiments with peas
• B) Heredity
– 1. passing of traits such as coat color, polled
or horned, height, etc. from parents to
offspring
2
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP33
I. Gregor MendelI. Gregor Mendel
• C) Breeding Generations
– 1. P Generation
• a) parental generation
– 2. F1 Generation
• a) Filial Generation
• b) 1st offspring of P Generation
– 3. F2 Generation
• a) 2nd Filial Generation
• b) offspring of F1 Generation
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP44
I. Gregor MendelI. Gregor Mendel
• D)3 Steps of Mendel’s Experiment
– 1. P Generation
• a) Allowed each variety to self pollinate for several
generations
– 1. ensure that all offspring would display only one form of a
particular trait (flower color)
– 2. Crossbred the two strains of the P
generation
• - Recorded Data
• - Resulted in all purple flowers
3
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP55
I. Gregor MendelI. Gregor Mendel
• D)3 Steps of Mendel’s Experiment
– 3. Allowed the F1 Generation to self-pollinate
• a) Resulted in the F2 Generation
• b) 1 out of every four flowers was white.
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP66
I. Gregor MendelI. Gregor Mendel
4
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP77
II. Traits II. Traits
• A) Chromosomes and Genes are in pairs
– 1. One chromosome is contributed by each parent
– 2. Chromosome Locus
• a) site where a gene is found on a chromosome
• B) Traits
– 1. For each inherited trait an individual has, there are
two copies of that gene ( 1 from each parent)
– 2. Genes are what causes traits to appear
• a) each version is called an allele
• a) eye color, coat color, marbling, ribeye area, etc.
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP88
5
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP99
III. Genes Located on III. Genes Located on
Corresponding Homologous Corresponding Homologous
Chromosomes may:Chromosomes may:• A) Correspond to each other
– 1. homozygous
• B) Differ from each other
– 2. heterozygous
• C) Genes on corresponding chromosomes
that control the same trait are called
alleles
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP1010
IV: AllelesIV: Alleles
• A) Homozygous (BB or bb)
– 1. both alleles are the same
• B) Heterozygous (Bb)
– 1. two alleles are different
• C) The dominant (capital) allele is always expressed when it is present
• D) The recessive allele is only expressed when both copies of the gene are recessive
6
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PPPP1111
V: Genotype and Phenotype V: Genotype and Phenotype
• A) Genotype
– 1. amount, order, and type of genes an
individual has
– 2. genetic make-up of an individual
• B) Phenotype
– 1. Physical traits an individual possesses
– 2. Doesn’t take into account masked traits
only expressed or dominant traits