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Department of Ocean Sciences Vision:

TO BE THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN COLD OCEAN BIOSCIENCE

“On the Land” By Raphael Dominic Rich, Innu Artist, Sheshatshiu, Labrador

LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We respectfully acknowledge the territory in which we gather as the ancestral homelands of the Beothuk, and the island of Newfoundland as the ancestral homelands of the Mi’kmaq and Beothuk. We would also like to recognize the Inuit of Nunatsiavut and NunatuKavut and the Innu of Nitassinan, and their ancestors, as the original people of Labrador. We strive for respectful relationships with all the peoples of this province as we search for collective healing and true reconciliation and honour this beautiful land together

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VIEW FROM THE BRIDGE Faculty recruitment: This year we were delighted to welcome three new Canada Research Chairs (CRCs). Dr. Rachel Sipler, Tier 2 CRC in Ocean Biogeochemistry, Dr. Amanda Bates, Tier 2 CRC in Marine Physiological Ecology and Dr. Uta Passow, Tier 1 CRC in Biological Oceanographic Processes. These outstanding researchers will expand our research horizons and add needed expertise to our undergraduate and graduate degree programs. Research: External research and development funding approximated $3.7 million for the 2017-2018 fiscal year. Of this amount NSERC awards totalled $512,282, of which $317,000 came from Discovery grants. The level of research productivity was excellent with 86 peer reviewed publications, and the successful graduation of three PhD and seven MSc students. Faculty supervised 12 PDFs, 30 PhD and 31 MSc students. Curriculum development: This year saw a step backwards in our curriculum development when we found out at the end of the 2017-2018 Academic Year that our partner department, Biology, did not support our Senate approved Joint Major in Marine Biology. We had lost the efforts of a year’s work. Engagement: Our outdoor education program welcomed ~22,000 visitors, with an extra 3,000 visiting our ‘Traveling Touch Tank’. Over 100 grade 5 students participated in our World Oceans Day event at Middle Cove Beach, and 580 high-school students participated in our Hands-On Marine Biology Program. We are grateful for the financial support from the Province. IT support: This year we lost our IT support staff member, leaving the faculty and HQP to wait for lengthy periods of time before receiving help to resolve their computer software issues. This is causing a great deal of frustration resulting in reduced morale for everyone. We hope that this does not continue. No Domestic water: There is no domestic fresh water supply at the OSC, therefore all staff rely on pond or well water that is contaminated (humic acids etc.). Drinking water is brought to the OSC in bottles. Currently, distilled water is used for analytical work. However with the arrival of our CRCs it is evident that the quality of our water supply is completely inadequate. Collectively the CRCs require in excess of 2,000 litres a day of clean domestic water, far more than our distillation equipment is capable of delivering. This lack of a domestic water supply has a dramatic negative impact on the ability of our CRC’s to carry out their research. View: At Logy Bay we can always brag about our beautiful view: however At the OSC “nothing’s beautiful from every point of view” Horace 65-8 BC Garth L. Fletcher Head and Professor Emeritus

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CONTENTS

VIEW FROM THE BRIDGE ................................................................................................ 3

HIGHLIGHTS .................................................................................................................... 5

DISTINGUISHED VISITORS ............................................................................................. 15

DR. JOE BROWN GRADUATE RESEARCH AWARD IN AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND AQUACULTURE ............................................................................................................. 19

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ 21

ACCOMPLISHMENTS 2017-2018 ................................................................................. 27

A. RESEARCH ....................................................................................................................... 27 B. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO INDUSTRY .......................................................................... 28 C. AQUACULTURE AT OCEAN SCIENCES ........................................................................... 29 D. TEACHING ....................................................................................................................... 34 E. PUBLICATION: 2016-2017 ACADEMIC YEAR .................................................................. 36 F. HIGHLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ...................................................................................... 47 G. CONFERENCES, WORKSHOPS, INVITED LECTURES ......................................................... 55

FACULTY PROFILES ....................................................................................................... 67

Ocean Sciences Reports ............................................................................................ 75

Cold-ocean Deep-sea Research Facility _______________________________________________ 75 Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building ______________________________________________ 78 Engagement/Public Outreach ________________________________________________________ 85 Seal Facility _________________________________________________________________________ 88 Field Services Unit ____________________________________________________________________ 90 Ocean Sciences Graduate Student Association (OSGSA) _______________________________ 93 Visitors _______________________________________________________________________________ 94 Administration _______________________________________________________________________ 98 Committees _________________________________________________________________________ 99 Faculty _____________________________________________________________________________ 100 Staff ________________________________________________________________________________ 102 Undergraduate students _____________________________________________________________ 104

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HIGHLIGHTS

Ocean Fellows A group of Memorial Faculty of Education students will take part in hands-on field experiences to explore how integrating the ocean into the K-12 science curriculum can become a valuable supplement to classroom instruction. With support from the Hibernia Management and Development Company Ltd., the Oceans Learning Partnership (OLP), in collaboration with the Faculty of Education and the Department of Ocean Sciences, is providing teaching fellowships for 16 pre-service teachers in primary/elementary and intermediate/secondary school degree programs at Memorial starting this fall.

The Hibernia Teaching Fellowships (HTF) in Ocean Sciences and Technology are based on 72-hours field placements at one of OLP’s five field sites: Ocean Sciences Centre (OSC) in Logy Bay; Johnson GEO Centre; Manuels River Hibernia Interpretation Centre; Bonne Bay Marine Station (BBMS) in Norris Point; and the Labrador Institute in Happy Valley-Goose Bay. “These field placements will provide exceptional learning opportunities and engage fellows in exploring how ocean themes and topics and field trips experiences can be integrated into the science and career development curriculum in the province as an extension to classroom instruction.” Maria Giovaninni, Executive Director, OLP Dr. Gerald Galway is associate Dean of Memorial’s Faculty of Education and he says the faculty is excited about the new fellowship program. “The work the fellows will be doing in the field placements is complementary, in terms of constructivist pedagogy, to many of the outcomes in the primary/elementary school curriculum.” He said. It’s another great addition to the experiential learning activities available to Memorial students and it provides an opportunity for our teacher candidates to work in the community doing something related to their education program.”

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The Department of Ocean Sciences Welcomes Three New Canada Research Chairs (CRC)

Dr. Rachel Sipler, Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Science, is the Canada Research Chair Tier 2 in Ocean Biogeochemistry. Dr. Sipler’s research focuses on identifying the physical and chemical factors controlling ocean productivity now and how they may change in the future. “Phytoplankton form the base of the marine food web and are ultimately the food for all marine organisms. Without them there would be no larger organisms, like fish,” she said. “Phytoplankton supply the oxygen that we

breathe and use the carbon dioxide that we produce.” Dr. Sipler is interested in better understanding how phytoplankton will respond to changes in their environment. Identifying the most harmful chemical inputs is the first step to pinpointing regions most at risk, reducing negative impacts and preserving marine resources for the future. She has worked in the Arctic, Antarctic and many systems in between. She was most recently a research scientist at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. “I have always wanted to work in the waters off Newfoundland and Labrador,” said Dr. Sipler. “Being awarded the CRC was incredibly exciting because it will allow me to work and live in such a dynamic place.” As the Canada Research Chair in Ocean Biogeochemistry, Dr. Sipler and her team will use both traditional and cutting-edge biological and chemical methods to determine what factors are most critical to maintaining healthy and productive marine systems. Dr. Uta Passow, Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Science, is the Canada Research Chair Tier 1 in Biological Oceanographic Processes. Dr. Passow’s research will increase our understanding of the impacts of climate change and oil or plastic pollution on marine ecosystems and allow development of mediating measures. She is joining Memorial from the University of California Santa Barbara. “Memorial’s location at the gateway to the fast-changing Arctic, and its proximity to both Europe and the U.S., facilitate stimulating collaborations and the integration of Canadian efforts into a global network of oceanographic research,” said Dr. Passow, who noted she’s excited to contribute to Memorial’s “first-class” oceanographic research program

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“The support granted to CRCs will allow my research and my research group to thrive and expand. Exploring new landscapes, whether physical or conceptual, inspires and promotes creativity, which is central for excellent research. New collaborations act as fertilizer for cutting-edge research. This CRC will thus stimulate and enhance my work.”

Dr. Amanda Bates, Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Science, is the Canada Research Chair Tier 2 in Marine Physiological Ecology and her research focuses on developing novel theories and approaches for managing and conserving marine living resources. Dr. Bates joins Memorial from the University of Southampton. “My research identifies species and communities which will win under climate change, and those that will lose,” she said. “In doing so, I am aiming to generate

priorities and approaches for managing and conserving marine living resources, and ultimately contribute to a more sustainable future.” Dr. Bates said this province’s location — perched in the North Atlantic — as well as the presence of the Ocean Sciences Centre offer her an ideal “experimental playground.” She says being named a CRC is a professional honour. “It is the value that the CRC appointment places on the diverse set of work across disciplines, rather than an expertise in any one area, that has been most important, and most exciting, to my professional advancement.” Are Bahamian spider crabs a cure for a common aquaculture problem? A five-month sabbatical in the Bahamas has led to a new research area and a new graduate student, Logan Zeinert, for Dr. Iain McGaw. During his time on the island, Dr. McGaw, Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Science, used the research facilities at the Cape Eleuthera Institute (CEI) to investigate the biology of the West Indian spider crab (Mithrax spinosissimus), a very large crab that, unlike others, grazes on seaweed. He was interested in determining if the crustaceans could be utilized to solve a common problem with aquaculture pens. Seaweed and encrusting animals grow on the pens, which cuts down on water flow through the mesh. The fish become starved of oxygen, or the pens become so heavy they sink to the bottom, says Dr. McGaw.

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His idea was to place adult spider crabs in the pens to see if they could resolve the seaweed issue — the idea being that the crabs would graze on the encrusting organisms and remove them. In turn, the crabs would grow, potentially leading to another revenue stream if the crabs could be sold as food. High school student groups from around the world come to Eleuthera for a semester to attend The Island School and learn about living more sustainable lives. “CEI is always looking for interns and research technicians,” said Dr. McGaw. “They take people from all over the world and I think it would be a great opportunity for Memorial students to learn research techniques and work with scientists on their own projects.” Research technicians receive free room and board at CEI, while interns pay for their accommodations. However, they are given the opportunity to teach research classes at The Island School to offset those costs.

Danny Au, Facilities Service Technician, retires Danny Au, Facilities Service Technician, retired on Jan 5th, 2018 after 25 years of service at the Ocean Sciences Centre. Danny spent his time helping faculty, staff and graduate students with their research projects and of course being one of the more social members of the OSC community. He had a very good sense of humour.

New Staffing and reappointments for the Department of Ocean Sciences There has been changes to staffing within the Department over the last year as well as reappointments.

• Based on the unanimous recommendation of the Ocean Sciences Headship Review Committee, Dr. Garth Fletcher was reappointed as Head of the Department of Ocean Sciences for a further three-year term effective July 1, 2018.

• Mr. John Evely was appointed to the Laboratory Services Supervisor position on Dec 4th,

2017. • Mr. Stephen Hartery started as a Laboratory Services Technician on March 5th, 2018. • Ms. Tonya Hollett started as our new call-in Facilities Services Technician on May 21st,

2018 • Ms. Angela Skiffington started as our new intermediate secretary on Monday, June 4,

2018

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Open eyes and hearts: A voyage of reconciliation, community engagement and science Canada C3 expedition was a Signature Project for Canada's 150th Anniversary of Confederation in 2017. The centrepiece was an epic 150-day sailing journey from Toronto to Victoria via the Northwest Passage. Through this unprecedented journey, Canada C3 celebrated our environment, sharing the stories of coastal communities and connecting Canadians from coast to coast to coast.

The Journey was divided into 15 segments, during which a diverse group of Canadians from all walks of life were invited on board to experience Canada’s nature, people, past and present. Ms. Anne Provencher St. Pierre, Department of Ocean Sciences PhD Candidate, was one of only a few people selected from Memorial University to take part in this incredible journey. Ms. Provencher St. Pierre took part in Leg 15 of the Polar Prince’s Canada C3 journey from Campbell River to Victoria, B.C. where she used her scientific knowledge to collect water and plankton samples with her C3 team to better understand the biodiversity and health of our oceans.

“I think I speak for our group, our little family of leg 15, when I say we emerged from the experience with our hearths and eyes open to new realities. I believe that, together, we can make a difference and move forward in our understanding and protection of our oceans, as well as in the cultural recognition and reconciliations between Indigenous and non-indigenous Peoples in Canada.” said Ms. Provencher St. Pierre Sustainable aquaculture: Identifying the impacts of escaped hatchery fish

Aquaculture now accounts for more than 50 per cent of the world’s fish used for food. But what are some of the issues created by an increasing reliance on farmed fish? The Department of Ocean Sciences has been working to identify the impacts of escaped hatchery fish and provide information to industry regulators, so they can better manage those risks. The overall project, led by the department’s Dr. Ian Fleming, is broadly divided into three main components.

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The first is being undertaken by Dr. Mark Abrahams. The research team is investigating the probability of escaped hatchery fish surviving and getting to a spawning site. Their current work has shown that these are, in fact, high-risk environments. They are now trying to determine how the wild and farmed fish deal with them. The second component is headed by The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) aquaculture section team. They have conducted a series of experimental releases of aquaculture fish in Fortune Bay to simulate escapes in a Canadian fjord. They found the behaviour of farmed salmon on the South Coast of Newfoundland shared qualitative similarities to other regions of the world despite considerable differences in climate, geography and strain. Dr. Ian Bradbury, DFO and adjunct professor in the Department of Ocean Sciences and his team develop genetic/genomic tools to identify and then document the successful breeding of escaped salmon in wild populations and determine the relative survival of hybrid offspring in nature. The final piece, undertaken by Dr. Fleming explores the consequences of interbreeding on trait expression and competitive interactions. The team has compared development and behavioural differences of farmed and wild fish, and their hybrid offspring, concentrating on wild populations from Garnish and Placentia Bay, and two farmed fish populations — one from the Saint John River and one of European origin. So far, they’ve noted farmed groups have similar behaviour, likely a consequence of long-term domestication. They tend to be more aggressive, bolder and less risk-averse in their activity. They are also working with Dr. Matt Rise to investigate gene expression in the early fry stage to see if there are differences in farmed and wild fish and their hybrids. Dr. Javier Santander lab are also about to begin investigating whether the fish differ in their susceptibility to disease. The knowledge from the data being collected can help industry regulators with planning and design of sites, including where cages should be placed and in what density, and how to minimize impacts if, and when, escapes do happen.

Ocean Frontier Institute invests $25 million in ocean research projects

Fifteen ocean research projects based in Atlantic Canada have received more than $25 million in funding. The investment in ocean research, made possible through the Canada First Research Excellence Fund and distributed by the Ocean

Frontier Institute (OFI), enables teams at Memorial University, Dalhousie University and the University of Prince Edward Island to study ocean-related issues in the North Atlantic and the

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Canadian Arctic Gateway, which includes the Labrador Sea and eastern portions of the straits of the Canadian Arctic archipelago. Projects include work to understand ocean change and help improve the potential for fisheries and aquaculture to meet global seafood demand. Four of these projects will be lead by Department of Ocean Sciences Faculty.

1) Ecosystem Indicators for a Changing Ocean- $1.1 million Development and sustainable use of ocean ecosystems requires metrics of how well ecosystems currently function in order to predict how effective management approaches can guide ecosystem function in the future. A holistic perspective of ecosystem indicators — from microbes to fish to plants to humans — will identify what measurements can be used to evaluate the overall functioning of an ecosystem given climate change, fishing, and other pressures. Project Co-lead by Dr. Paul Snelgrove/Dalhousie with collaboration from other Ocean Sciences faculty including Drs. Amanda Bates, Annie Mercier, Rachel Sipler.

2) Improving Sustainability & Mitigating the Challenges of Aquaculture- $4.2 million The goal of aquaculture in the marine environment is to add farmed animals to a natural ecosystem, while maintaining ecosystem health. To achieve this, management of aquaculture requires sustainable practices that are effective in a dynamic and challenging ocean environment where water quality, climate effects and the risk of disease are not completely controlled. In this program, researchers will work with industry partners to improve practices and examine fish health and resiliency. New approaches to enhance productivity will also be developed. Project is lead by Dr. Matt Rise with collaboration with other Ocean Sciences faculty and researchers including Drs. Kurt Gamperl, Ian Fleming, Javier Santander as well as Drs. Annie Mercier, Mark Abrahams, Chris Parrish and Mr. Danny Boyce.

3) Future-proofing Marine Protected Area Networks- $873,000 Marine Protected Area networks and other spatial management tools offer an important strategy that forms a growing aspect of ocean governance. Marine Protected Areas are often designed to protect biodiversity, sustain or enhance productivity and critical habitat, maintain ocean health and provide insurance against sudden or drastic changes in the ecosystem and its resources. Canada is committed to expanding its Marine Protected Area coverage from ~1% to 10% by the year 2020. This research aims to complement existing efforts to help ‘future-proof’ such Marine Protected Area networks and other spatial management tools such as fisheries closures and critical habitat designations. By integrating observational data on shifting habitats and ecosystems with real-time remote sensing, animal movement, and vessel tracking data, this project will help to understand — and model — changes in ocean conditions, biological resources,

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and human use patterns relevant to Marine Protected Areas. Dr. Paul Snelgrove is Memorial University’s lead for this project.

4) Transforming Ocean Observations- $788,000 Next generation unmanned marine platforms will have significantly improved on-board intelligence and autonomy, enabling better system diagnostics, sensor health and data interpretation for supervised real-time decision making with less operator intervention. The increased availability of different underwater communication modalities, such as acoustic and optical communication systems, paired with an increasing number of operational platforms — stationary and mobile — will allow the exploitation of coordinated heterogeneous multi-platform concepts for ocean observations and tracking on multiple length and time scales. It will also enable development of cross-platform, in-situ sensor calibration. Sensor calibration and on-board data quality assurance and data quality management are key aspects for long-endurance missions where platforms are equipped with arrays of sensors and analyzers to allow an unprecedented view of the ocean environment. This project will include Drs. Paul Snelgrove and Uta Passow as members of the research team. Graduate student nabs top prize in national video research contest Ms. Jenna MacKinnon, who is completing her master’s degree under the supervision of Dr. Chris Parrish, claimed the special jury prize in this year’s Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Science Action! Contest, which challenged post-secondary students to demonstrate the impact science and engineering has on improving our lives. Ms. MacKinnon admits she was “shocked,” when she learned she landed a top prize and was the only Memorial student to be among the winners. Her video showcased her research on healthy fats at the base of marine food webs. “It is amazing that NSERC and other Canadians were able to see how passionate I am about my project,” Ms. MacKinnon told the GAZETTE in an interview from Brazil where she is currently doing research. “This competition is a unique and a challenging way for young researchers to showcase new research on a national level.” She says her research focuses on the importance of phytoplankton and their ability to make healthy fats, passing them to higher levels in the food chain. “This project looks at the effects of environmental changes, such as increasing ocean temperature or decreasing pH, on these

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healthy fats found in phytoplankton,” she explained. “I also look at the “second level” in the food chain, which are tiny consumers called zooplankton, to see how well energy transfers between these two levels. Since our environment is changing so rapidly, especially in the Arctic, this research is important for current monitoring and, perhaps, future predictions.” Paper reports marine protected areas vulnerable to climate change

A new paper is warning marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly at risk from climate change. Dr. Amanda Bates is the Canada Research Chair in Marine Physiological Ecology with the Department of Ocean Sciences. She co-authored the paper, which was published in the journal Nature Climate Change.

Although MPAs are a primary management tool for mitigating threats to marine biodiversity, she says the warming associated with continued “business as usual” emissions will likely result in further habitat and species loss. “Climate change is not going to stay out of our MPA borders — it’s there,” said Dr. Bates. The team behind the paper pulled data from MPA sites around the world to create a global framework to examine environmental conditions in MPAs. They saw that the sites were undergoing rapid warming, the same as in other areas. “Every system has variability — some warm years, some cold years — but when does that variability jump out of what’s normal?” she asked. “Under these conditions, by mid-century we predict the sea-surface temperature and oxygen concentration will exceed natural variability. We also found if we rearrange MPAs to reduce exposure to one stressor, we may well increase exposure to another.” Dr. Bates says that if we put all of our resources into MPAs, knowing that these areas are very likely to be hit by extreme events, we can lose what we’ve put significant energy and effort into protecting. There is one guaranteed way to stop the huge shifts expected in our MPAs, she says. By preventing and reducing our carbon output. However, it’s not all bad news. Dr. Bates says these changes could also bring positive impacts. She says there is an opportunity for Newfoundlanders and Labradorians to think about what this means locally. “This province is going to have differences in weather and ocean systems and these are going to bring new species and new opportunities. We don’t want to put blinders on and say, ‘This isn’t happening’. We need to embrace it and be ready for it. So, it’s important for us to have the data that will help us predict what those changes are going to be.”

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Winnie Sparkes Retires on June 1st, 2018 After 30 years of dedicated service to the University community, Winnie Sparkes retired on June 1st, 2018, from her role as Departmental Secretary for the Department of Ocean Sciences. Winnie enjoyed being part of the research unit and its growth into a Department in 2012. She was an integral part of the OSC community and will be missed by the Department Head, faculty, students and staff.

Canadian Society of Zoologists (CSZ) 2018

The Canadian Society of Zoologists (CSZ) is a professional organization dedicated to the enhancement of education and research in zoology at the provincial, federal and international level. Membership is open to all persons interested in zoology – Students, Researchers, and Educators. The most recent CSZ was held at Memorial University of Newfoundland from May 7-11, 2018, with over 270 delegrates in attendance, which was locally co-organized by two Ocean Sciences faculty, Drs. Kurt Gamperl and Iain McGaw. The CSZ had two NSERC Workshops, One for PIs and one on scholarship/fellowship writing for students/PDFs, an educational workshop (‘Demystifying Scientific Communication’) and a Diversity Workshop (‘Decolonizing Science: Indigenous Students in the Academy and Partnerships in the Land, Water and Ice’). Each section had its own themed symposia with 3 – 4 invited speakers, and the LOC had a symposium with 4 speakers tilted ‘Aquatic Environments and Organisms in Transition’. There were 4 plenary lectures (Fry, Boutilier, Cameron and Wardle), and Dr. Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University) gave the ZET lecture (‘Biodiversity and the Health of Planet Ocean’). Finally, there were Hoar (5 presenters) and Presidents (6 presenters) award competitions for the best oral presentations by students and PDFs, respectively. In addition to these marquee events, a large number of delegates gave talks (156 presentations) and posters (52 presentations), and for the first time ‘mini’ talks (14) were added to the end of section specific sessions. These latter talks were well received and appreciated by the students. Further, there many social and other events incorporated into the meeting. These included the opening reception, the student success workshop, the Zoological Education Trust event (co-organized by the Ocean’s Learning Partnership), and the conference banquet which was held at the Yellow Belly Brewery.

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DISTINGUISHED VISITORS

Federal Minster of Science, Honorable Kristy Duncan

Federal Minster of Science, Kristy Duncan visited the Ocean Sciences Centre (OSC) on Sept 14th, 2017 to learn about the key research the OSC is conducting that makes it unique internationally and specifically how it relates to the collaboration Memorial has with Dalhousie and UPEI on the Ocean Frontier Institute (OFI).

Canada-France Regional Joint Cooperation Commission Site Visit- Nov 21st, 2017

The purpose of these site visits is to show the resources Atlantic Canada has available to ensure regional co-operation in several sectors that include economic relations, security, health, culture and education, tourism, aquaculture, agriculture and the environment.

Canadian Foundation for Innovation-Site Monitoring Visit

The Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) visited the OSC in December 2017 to tour research facilities,

provide a overview of key CFI processes and requirements, and obtain an understanding of institutional practices, processes and controls in the following areas: Organizational capacity, portfolio and risk-based management; Developing CFI proposals; Timely implementation and mitigation of cost escalations; Appropriateness of expenditures; Sustainability of CFI-funded infrastructure. During this visit, CFI members talk with lead researchers on their current projects as well as CFI infrastructure at the OSC.

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Dr. Michael St. John, University of Denmark

On March 12th, 2018, Dr. Michael St. John, from the National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby Denmark toured the OSC facilities and provided a seminar to the OSC community entitled “Can we predict the emergent properties of marine systems, a way forward”. Dr. St. John was a visiting researcher who was at the OSC to collaborate with Dr. Richard Rivkin.

Professor Michel Kaiser, Bangor University, UK

Dr. Michel Kaiser, Professor, Bangor University, UK visited the OSC on May 7th, 2018 as part of the Canadian Society of Zoologists 2018 (CSZ) conference being held in St. John’s NL. Dr. Kaiser was interested in learning more about the Department of Ocean Sciences and potential for both collaborate research projects as well as the potential for shared academic programs between Memorial University and Bangor University.

Dr. Roseann O’Reilly Rute, President, Canadian Foundation for Innovation

Dr. Roseann O’Reilly Rute, President, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and Pierre Norman, Vice-President, External Relations and Communications visited the OSC facilities on April 26th, 2018.

As part of their visit to Memorial, Dr. O’Reilly Rute and Mr. Norman were interested in meeting with faculty and students on their research using CFI-funded infrastructure. They also toured other OSC facilities and labs, such as the Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), with significant CFI investments. Dr. Runte was also interested in meeting to discuss Core Research Equipment and Instrument Training (CREAIT) node function at the OSC.

L-R Mr. Norman, Dr. Rise (Director SIRI MUN), Dr. O’Reilly Rute, and Dr. Bose (VP Research MUN)

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Cleaner fish Workshop

The Newfoundland Aquaculture Industry Association (NAIA) hosted a key industry-led initiative, the Atlantic Canada Cleanerfish Workshop in August 2018. The main purpose of the workshop is to survey the state of cleanerfish production globally and to fill knowledge gaps with respect to the scale-up of production and use of cleanerfish in Atlantic Canada. As part of the workshop, delegates were invited to the OSC to tour our facilities and learn about other aquaculture related research being carried out at Memorial.

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DR. JOE BROWN GRADUATE RESEARCH AWARD IN AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND AQUACULTURE

This award was established to commemorate the life and work of Dr. Joe Brown through initial contributions by his family, friends, colleagues and students. As a Professor (Research) at the Ocean Sciences Centre from 1984 to 2005, Joe established a unique reputation both for his scholarly work in the areas of behavioural ecology of fishes and cold-water aquaculture and for his radiant, passionate sense of humour, humanity and empathy, particularly concerning students. The award in support of research activities will

normally be available annually to a full-time graduate student in the second or subsequent year of study in the areas of aquatic ecology or aquaculture, and is valued at a portion of the income from the endowment. Given on the basis of scholarly merit and quality of research, the award will be made by the Dean of the School of Graduate Studies upon recommendation from the Head of the Department of Ocean Sciences.

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OTHER AWARDS

Faculty and Staff Awards Dr. Richard Rivkin • Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative; CAS PIFI 2016/2017

VTA038 (Recipient). • Ocean Carbon Chair Professorship, Xiamen University, China Dr. Paul Snelgrove • University Research Professor, Memorial University 2015-2020 Student Awards Manuel Soto-Davila (MSc Aquaculture student) Awarded the Dr. Wilfred Templeman Memorial Scholarship for 2017/2018 Jenna MacKinnon (MES Candidate) Awarded the NSERC Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement to continue her research at the Federal University of São Carlos in São Paulo state, Brazil Bruno Gianasi (PhD Candidate) Awarded the Royal Bank Fellowship in Marine Studies for 2017/2018 Anne Provencher St-Pierre (PhD Candidate) Awarded the Esri Young Scholar Award (Canada) Conference Awards Manual Soto-Davila (MSc Aquaculture Candidate) • Awarded the Best Poster Presentation at the 13th International Congress on the Biology of Fish, July

15 – 19, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. • Awarded the Mick Burt, Best Poster Award at the Canadian Society for Zoologist, 57th Annual Meeting,

May 7-11, St John´s, Canada. Kristin Boe (PhD Candidate) Was awarded first prize for her presentation at the Salmonid Association of Eastern Newfoundland’s (SAEN) public seminar series. Zoe Zrini (MSc Candidate) Was awarded second prize for her presentation at the Salmonid Association of Eastern Newfoundland’s (SAEN) public seminar series Robin Leeuwis (PhD Candidate) Won 2nd place in the Graduate Research Award at the Science Atlantic's Aquaculture & Fisheries and Biology Conference Gemma Rayner (MSc Aquaculture Candidate) Won 3rd place in the Graduate Research Award at the Science Atlantic's Aquaculture & Fisheries and Biology Conference. Sabrina Inkpen (PhD Candidate) Won the Best PhD Molecular/Genetics presentation at the Biology Graduate Student Symposium (BGSS 2018) Anne Provencher St-Pierre (Ph.D. Candidate) Won first place for student presentation "Applying remote sensing to spatiotemporal analysis of kelp distribution" at the Annual Meeting of the Society for conservation GIS.

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FINANCIAL OVERVIEW The Department of Ocean Sciences is a complex of buildings which are maintained by Memorial University (MUN) Facilities Management. The faculty and staff are supported by an annual operating budget from the Faculty of Science consisting of two components: a) OSC operating expenses and b) the public education program including the seal facility. MUN Technical Services provides technical support for scientific equipment. Research activities are supported by grants and contracts to faculty and staff. Research and development carried out at the Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB) and the Cold-Ocean Deep-Sea Research Facility (CDRF) operate on a user fee, cost recovery basis. Funding for the fiscal year (April 1 to March 31) 2017-2018 was as follows: Details of grants and contracts see Table1

Facilities Management $ 2, 321,182.15 OSC operating (Faculty of Science) $ 3, 487,654.00 Public education/seals $117,774.00 Technical Services $ 47,655.00 NSERC Engage Grants $74,515.00 NSERC Discovery Grants $317,000.00 NSERC Other $120,767.00 CREAIT $233,562.00 CFI $181,165.00 OFI $933,845.00 Other Research Grants $1,687,143.00 Undergraduate Student Jobs $22,135.00 JBARB Revenue $312,255.00 CDRF Revenue $73,490.00 Total $9,930,142.15

Note: Clockwise Starting with Facilities Management

Facilities Management OSC Operating Funds PEP/Seals Tech ServicesNSERC Engage NSERC Discovery NSERC Other CREAITCFI OFI Other Research Grants UndergraduatesJBARB Revenue CDRF Revenue

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FIGURE 1: RESEARCH FUNDING FISCAL YEAR 2017-2018

Alfred P Sloan Foundation- Census of Marine Life Genome Atlantic – Cod Genomics AIF/ACOA – Atlantic Innovation Fund/Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency IRIF: Industrial Research & Innovation Fund – Research & Development Corp. of NL CCFI: Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation CFI: Canada Foundation for Innovation DFO: Dept. of Fisheries & Oceans Aquanet: Canadian Centre of Excellence: Administrative location & Aquaculture Research NSERC: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada JBARB: Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (note: 2001-2003 total approx.) CDRF: Cold-Ocean Deep-Sea Research Facility OFI: Ocean Frontier Institute

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10

$ M

illio

ns

CDRF Revenue

JBARB Revenue

RDC and Other

Alfred P Sloan

OFI

GenomeAtlanticAIF/ACOA

IRIF

CCFI

CFI

DFO

Aquanet

NSERC

2017-2018 23

Grant and Contract History A summary of the OSC research funding over the past 19 years is presented in Figure 1. The 1999-2000 fiscal year is the earliest for which we have a relatively complete picture of the grants and contracts received by the OSC and various faculty. Although we have not yet found such information for earlier years it is unlikely that external funding exceeded that of the $1.2 million obtained during 1999-2000. Research and development funds for the 2000-2001 fiscal year were more than double that of 1999-2000 and have continued to remain at or above this level to the present. This considerable increase in funding is largely attributable to the Aquaculture Research and Development Facility (renamed Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building [JBARB]). Thanks to the efforts of Dr. Kevin Keough, funds to construct this facility ($2.7 million) were made available from the Aquaculture component of the Canada-Newfoundland Economic Agreement. The building was officially opened in 1999, and in the year 2000 $1.2 million in funds from CFI were provided to fully equip the JBARB and develop a business plan that would enable the facility to operate on an effective cost recovery basis. The 2000-2001 year also saw the arrival of funds to establish the AquaNet research network with its headquarters at the OSC. Three major projects stand out in the OSC funding history: Halibut and cod aquaculture, cod genomics and construction of the Cold Ocean Deep Sea Research Facility (CDRF). The halibut and cod aquaculture development project, funded by AIF in partnership with industry and OSC faculty was carried out over a six year period (2002-2008) for a total of $5 million. This project resulted in the production of an elite broodstock of cod. The cod genomics project was funded by Genome Canada/Genome Atlantic over a four year period (2006-2010) for $4.3 million. The aim of this project was to identify genes that will be of value in selective cross breeding programs to produce rapidly growing more disease resistant cod for aquaculture. The Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), through its Leading Edge Fund, the Research and Development Corporation (RDC), the Provincial Government and Memorial University committed over $22.6 million over a five year period (2009-2014) for the construction of new deep-sea water line and fully equipped building for the study of deep-sea organisms, invasive species and infectious diseases of importance to both fisheries and aquaculture. This multifaceted construction project was completed at the end of 2015, installation of a cage filter in the well to prevent fish from entering the seawater intake pipe was installed in Nov 2016 at a cost of $400,000.

2017-2018 24

In 2017, the investment in ocean research, was made possible through the Canada First Research Excellence Fund and distributed by the Ocean Frontier Institute (OFI), which enables teams at Memorial University, Dalhousie University and the University of Prince Edward Island to study ocean-related issues in the North Atlantic and the Canadian Arctic Gateway, which includes the Labrador Sea and eastern portions of the straits of the Canadian Arctic archipelago. Fifteen ocean research projects based in Atlantic Canada have received more than $25 million in funding. Four of these projects are either lead by or have Department of Ocean Sciences Faculty as members of the research team. This fiscal year, over $900,000.00 was administered by the Department as reflected in Figure 1. Table 1: RESEARCH FUNDING 2017-2018 FISCAL YEAR

Grants Received Total Administered by OSC

NSERC Discovery $ 317,000.00

NSERC Engage $ 74,515.00

NSERC Other $ 120,767.00

RDC $ 510,838.00

DFO/DFA $ 83,336.00

ACOA $239,515.00

CFI $181,165.00

OFI $933,845.00

Other $ 853,454.00

JBARB Revenue $ 312,225.00

CDRF Revenue $73,490.00

Total Awards $3,700,150.00

2017-2018 25

Figure 2Faculty, Graduate Students and Publications

Academic Year (September 1-August 31)

1999-2000

2000-2001

2001-2002

2002-2003

2003-2004

2004-2005

2005-2006

2006-2007

2007-2008

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2017-2018

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18Combined (MSC & PhD enrolled) # Ph.D.enrollled # M.SC. enrolled Year vs # Degreed students Year vs Faculty Publications

020406080

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MUCEP/ISWAP/WISEstudents/HonoursTeaching Assistants

Seal volunteers

Visiting Students

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Figure 3: Highly Qualified Personnel (HQP) 2002-2018

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2017-2018 26

2017-2018 27

ACCOMPLISHMENTS 2017-2018

A. RESEARCH

Publications

Research efforts of the faculty and students resulted in 103 publications, 86 in peer reviewed journals, 10 in book/ book chapters, and 7 in technical reports or conference proceedings. A summary of the number of publications appearing in peer reviewed journals over the past 16 years is presented in Figure 2 along with the number of Ocean Sciences faculty and graduate students. On average the Ocean Sciences faculty has published approximately 64 publications per year over the past 16 years.

Conferences

98 presentations were given by faculty and students at Canadian and International conferences/workshops held in 15 countries, including Canada, USA, England, Norway, Iceland, China, South Africa, Spain, Indonesia, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, France, Mexico, and Russia. Participation in such conferences helps to establish the excellence of ocean science at Memorial University.

Highly Qualified Personnel (HQP)

Three PhD and Seven MSc students successfully completed their degrees during the 2017-2018 academic year. In addition Ocean Sciences Faculty supervised 12 Post-doctoral fellows, 30 PhD students, and 31 MSc students. A summary of HQP trained at the OSC over the past 16 years is presented in Figure 3. On average the OSC contributes to the training of 139 HQP annually, either as students (full and part time), volunteers or laboratory research staff.

A summary of the numbers of graduate students who graduated or were supervised by OSC faculty over the past 19 years is presented in Figure 2. The numbers of PhD and MSc students for the years 1999-2002 is unavailable at this time and therefore only the combined totals for these years are presented. The number of degreed students is plotted as a cumulative total from 1999 to 2018.

This nineteen year record indicates that the Ocean Sciences faculty supervises, on average, 58 graduate students, 11 of whom graduate each year.

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B. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO INDUSTRY

Most of the applied research and development at the OSC is conducted in both the Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building and the Cold-Ocean Deep-Sea Research Facility (CDRF) in conjunction with industry and government partners. • The application of using cunners and lumpfish to control sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)

infestation of Atlantic salmon in Newfoundland. • Developed best practices for culturing American Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) from broodstock

grow-out. • Development of best practices for Orange Footed Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) holding

and diet. • Development of best practices for lobster (Homarus americanus) holding and diet development. • Developing Camelina Meal for the Aquaculture Industry. • Scientific Rapid Image Acquisition System (SRIAS) for Aquaculture Smart Tank Technology at the

Joe Brown Aquaculture Research Building. • Development of best practices for feed testing for Aquaculture Industry. • Developed best practices with respect to using pop-up satellite and telemetry with Atlantic cod. • Developed best practices and processes for culturing Atlantic cod from egg to adult that will be

of benefit to the aquaculture industry. This knowledge is of paramount importance to cod farming industry.

• Developed the first generation of an elite Atlantic cod broodstock in partnership with industry. This is the first selectively bred broodstock in North America.

• Design of protocols for the ozone disinfection of fish eggs for eradication of vertically transmitted diseases. Optimization of ozonation protocols to maximize efficiency in cod.

• Development of best practices for feed testing and holding designs (raceways) of Green Sea Urchin. (ie: Examining in controlled laboratory conditions how water temperature affects urchin health and survival, roe quantity and quality, and feed assimilation efficiency as a first step to determining if the feed can support steady commercial roe production in NL.)

• Application of Subsea Under Water Coating Trial Applications Tank Capabilities. • Develop best practices in terms of a biomarker platform for commercial aquaculture feed

development. • Develop best practices in terms of developing biomarker technology that can be used to assess

the potential effects of hydrocarbons on fish species that are of commercial and/or ecological importance to Newfoundland and Labrador

• Development of protocols for hydrostatic pressure testing of deep-sea equipment. • The application and development of vaccines in our cleaner fish program. • Development of a domesticated lumpfish broodstock in partnership with industry for its cleaner

fish program. This is the first domesticated broodstock program in North America. • Development of best practices for cleaner fish transport and farm use.

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C. AQUACULTURE AT OCEAN SCIENCES

Aquaculture has been an active area of research and development at the Ocean Sciences Centre (OSC) of Memorial University for nearly five decades. In recognition of the OSC’s role in establishing and growing the industry it was presented with the Founder’s award by the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Newfoundland Aquaculture Industry Association in 2011.

In addition to working with the aquaculture industry, Ocean Sciences faculty train highly qualified personnel (HQP) many of whom enjoy careers working for the industry and/or the Provincial and Federal Departments of Fisheries and Aquaculture.

For an overview of the history of aquaculture at Ocean Sciences, please refer to the Department of Ocean Sciences Annual Report 2013-2014.

Recent Projects

Lumpfish

• 2013-present - The Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada, in partnership with the Salmon Health Consortium, is currently working with salmon growers (Cold Ocean Salmon Inc.), government officials, therapeutant suppliers and researchers (JBARB staff, Mr. Danny Boyce, Dr. Fletcher-DOS and Dr. Keng Pee Ang) to develop the elements of an integrated pest management program for sea lice. The key elements of the program are prevention, monitoring and intervention, which parallel the designs of established integrated pest management programs in agriculture.

• Studies of the Visual System of C. Lumpus. Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus L. (C. lumpus) rely on a healthy visual system for fitness, to hunt their prey, or, in the case of aquaculture, to see and eat pelleted aquaculture diets. Cyclopterus lumpus eggs are harvested for human consumption and C. lumpus have more recently been used as a biological delousing agent in aquaculture. Our studies in the past year depending on the staff and facilities resources available at JBARB are three fold, (1) baseline study, (2) role of dietary vitamin A metabolism and regulation in visual growth and development and fitness, (3) studies of age related vision health and naturally occurring age related eye conditions. (Dr. Robert Gendron and Dr. Helene Paradis) On-going.

• Cleaner Fish Broodstock Development and Research Production- Clients Grieg NL & Marine Harvest Atlantic Canada - Mr. Danny Boyce and JBARB Staff. Cleaner fish broodstock development and research production for various year classes. (On-Going)

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• Investigate the Use of Cleaner Fish Technologies as a Natural Way of Controlling Sea Lice at Salmon Aquaculture Cage Sites- Ocean Frontier Institute (OFI) Funding. Module J, Activity 3.5. – Mr. Danny Boyce and JBARB Staff. Project involves- wild broodstock collections and wild/cultured lumpfish broodstock maintenance, egg production, larval and juvenile production. Fish health surveillance- pathogen profiling for new species. (On-Going).

• Lumpfish Whole Genome Sequencing - DFO –Dr. Ian Bradbury, students and staff, Danny Boyce and JBARB Staff. On-going.

• Lumpfish Next Generation Sequencing – University of Guelph –Dr. Elizabeth Boulding and students, Dr. keng Pee Ann, Cooke Aquaculture Inc., Danny Boyce and JBARB Staff. (Ongoing).

• NSERC Lumpfish and Cunner Project. NSERC Strategic Project has funded work by Professor Elizabeth Boulding’s group on genetically improving sealice removal rates from cultured Atlantic salmon in sea cages by the cunner or the lumpfish. These are the only two suitable facultative marine cleanerfish species yet discovered in Eastern Canada. Complete next generation sequencing to find some SNP markers to conduct parentage analysis. (On-Going).

American Oysters

• 2013-present-Culturing American oysters. The aim of this project is to produce a genetically viable stock that can be cultured in Newfoundland. Carried out in collaboration with the Marine Institute, Badger Bay Mussel Farms Ltd., and Merasheen Oyster Farms Inc. Funded by National Research Council (NRC)-IRAP and CCFI $138,000 in funding.

Sea Cucumber

• 2015-2018- Exploring the potential for sea cucumber aquaculture and enhanced management of the wild resource. The aim of this project is to conduct research in order to enhance the general knowledge, the sustainable management, and the marketability of the sea cucumber resource in NL $ 57,000 funding by the Research and Development Corporation (RDC) - Ocean Industries Student Research Award (Dr. Annie Mercier).

Lobster

• 2014-2016 Lobster Grow-Out - Use of American lobster, Homarus americanus in Multitrophic Aquaculture. The proposed project is a combined lab and field study investigating feeding, nutrient assimilation and growth rates of cage-held adult lobsters under different temperature and feeding regimes. Funded by NSERC and CCFI. (Dr. Iain McGaw).

2017-2018 31

Salmon

• 2016-2019 Integrated Pathogen Management of Co-infection in Atlantic salmon (partnership with EWOS Innovation). Rise (academic lead) and R. Taylor (Industry lead, EWOS Innovation). Using functional genomics tools to identify co-infection biomarkers (i.e., genes that respond to co-infection). The integrated pathogen management system that results from this research will benefit the broader Canadian salmon industry. Its uptake and application could reduce co-infection losses by as much as 20 per cent overall and by as much as 50 per cent for some diseases. This could translate into savings of up to $57 million annually for the Canadian aquaculture industry. Reduced disease will also enhance consumer acceptance of farmed salmon products, decrease the use of chemical treatments, and minimize the risk of transmitting pathogens to wild salmon populations.

• 2012-2020 Molecular Basis of Fish Defenses against Viruses. NSERC Discovery $31,000 per year. M.L. Rise. (Principal Investigator). Use functional genomics and other approaches to study and compare the genes, gene products, and mechanisms involved in immune responses during different life stages of teleost fish from embryo to adult. Atlantic salmon and Atlantic cod are used as models in this research. In addition to providing valuable information on the molecular basis of early and later life stage fish defence responses, these studies may lead to the development of molecular tools for studying the potential impacts of pathogens and other stressors on wild and cultured fish populations.

• Improving Sustainability and Mitigating the Challenges of Aquaculture. The goal of aquaculture in the marine environment is to add farmed animals to a natural ecosystem, while maintaining ecosystem health. To achieve this, management of aquaculture requires sustainable practices that are effective in a dynamic and challenging ocean environment where water quality, climate effects and the risk of disease are not completely controlled. In this program, researchers will work with industry partners to improve practices and examine fish health and resiliency. (Dr. Rise, Project lead) On-going

• 2014-2018 -Molecular Biomarker Platform for Commercial Aquaculture Feed Development. EWOS Innovation. The aim of the project is to assess the effects of various diets on fish health at a molecular level. The team will use genomics technologies and lipid biochemistry to fine-tune feed formulas that include non-marine products (such as land based plants) for maximizing fish performance and to develop clinical feeds that will combat disease. As the research and feeding trials with various diets continue at Memorial, other feeding trials in this project are also ongoing at EWOS Innovation in Norway. $3.8 million in funding from Genome Canada and EWOS Innovation. (Dr. Matt Rise- Lead Principle Investigator).

• Over the past year, there were several research projects that were dependent upon the facilities and staff of the JBARB. MICCSA research began in the spring of 2016, and two groups of salmon were brought from Northern Harvest to the JBARB, PIT-tagged, and then held until they were transferred to the Laboratory for Atlantic Salmon and Climate Change Research (LASCCR) in the back tank building. Atlantic salmon (~ 500 – 800g) were also held in the first

2017-2018 32

feeding room of the JBARB, and used for two projects. First, these fish were used to investigate the importance of plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase in the swimming performance and thermal tolerance of fishes. This research project was a collaboration between MUN (the Gamperl lab) and the University of British Columbia (Dr. Colin Brauner and Ph.D. candidate, Till Harter). (Dr. Kurt Gamperl) On-Going

• Second, they were used as a species to compare the thermal and hypoxia tolerance of sablefish. Some sablefish were used to determine the thermal and hypoxia tolerance of this species. Other fish were transferred into tanks in the JBARB’s broodstock room where they are exposed to normoxic or chronic hypoxic (40% saturation) conditions. This latter experiment is examining how the sablefish’s physiology and immunology is affected by low oxygen conditions. (Dr. Kurt Gamperl) On-Going

• Evaluating commercial and in-house vaccines against several bacterial pathogens of lumpfish, cunners, sablefish, and Atlantic salmon – Evaluating commercial and in-house vaccines against several bacterial pathogens of lumpfish, cunners, sablefish, and Atlantic salmon, including Aeromonas salmonicida, Renibacterium salmoninarum, Vibrio anguillarum, Moritella viscosa, and Piscirikettsia salmonis. Dr. Santander’s group are also evaluating oral bioencapsulated bacterial vaccine in Artemia salina for lumpfish larvae. Additionally, they are exploring fundamental aspects of bacterial infectious diseases in primary macrophages of Atlantic salmon, Atlantic cod, and lumpfish. Dr. Javier Santander (On-Going).

Green Sea Urchin

• Research on land-based approaches to green sea urchin farming with state-of-the-art aquaculture feed was carried out as part of a local and international partnership between MUN, Green Seafoods Ltd. (GSL, Winterton, NL) and Urchinomics (Norway). Two experiments carried out in the JBARB examined how water temperature affects urchin health and survival, roe quantity and quality, and feed assimilation efficiency as a first step to determining if the feed can support steady commercial roe production in Newfoundland. (Dr. Pat Gagnon) On-Going

Vaccination Trials for Salmon and Lumpfish.

• Researchers conducting vaccine trials, and holding fish for macrophage studies and antigen purification at JBARB. Currently, deep and injectable vaccine trials in Cyclopterus lumpus and Salmo salar against Vibriosis and Furunculosis are been conducted. (Dr. Javier Santander) On-Going.

2017-2018 33

Skretting Marine Hatchery Feeds: Nutreco

• Testing of marine hatchery feed products and maintain live feed (Rotifer) populations. JBARB- test/Bata facility. On-going.

Clean Feed Hatchery Trial for Cleaner Fish -Skretting Marine Hatchery Feeds, North America-

• Dr. Steve Backman / Danny Boyce and JBARB staff. - An innovative start feeding program from Skretting that provides specific and advanced nutrition to larvae and juveniles for cleaner fish.

Atlantic Cod Broodstock

• Memorial University continues to hold cod broodstock for the evaluation of numerous optimization processes which can lead to increased survival, hatch rates and eventual growth and performance of cod larvae from selective cod broodstock.

2017-2018 34

2017-2018 35

D. TEACHING

Courses taught 2017-2018 academic year in both graduate and undergraduate programs.

OCSC 1000: Exploration of the World Ocean Fall 2017- 69 students

Dr. Annie Mercier

OCSC 2000: Introduction to Biological Oceanography

Winter 2018- 14 students

Dr. Pat Gagnon

OCSC 2001: Introduction to Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture

Winter 2018- 26 students

Dr. Ian Fleming (Co-taught) Dr. Iain McGaw (Co-taught)

OCSC 2100 (Chem 2610): Chemical Oceanography

Winter 2018 16 students

Dr. Chris Parrish (Co-taught)

OCSC 3000: Aquaculture Principles and Practices

Fall 2017- 7 students

Dr. Kurt Gamperl (Co-taught with MI)- Lectures and Lab

OCSC 3002: Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology

Winter 2018- 6 students

Dr. Matt Rise Dr. Javier Santander (Guest Lectures) Dr. Garth Fletcher (Guest Lecture)

OCSC/Bio 3540: Environmental Physiology Winter 2018- 40 students

Dr. Iain McGaw

OCSC 4122: Advanced Studies in Marine Animal Diversity

Winter 2018- 2 students

Dr. Annie Mercier

OCSC/Bio 7000: Being a researcher in the biological sciences

Fall 2017- 35 Students

Dr. Ian Fleming

OCSC 7100: Biological Oceanography Winter 2018 6 students

Dr. Pat Gagnon Dr. Rachel Sipler (Guest Lecture) Dr. Chris Parrish (Guest Lecture)

OCSC 7500: Immunology and Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

Spring 2018 9 students

Dr. Javier Santander

Biology 4605: Quantitative Methods in Biology Fall 2017- 16 students

Dr. David Schneider

Biology 4750: Fisheries Ecology Fall 2017- 36 students

Dr. Joe Wroblewski

Biology 4911: Applied Biology Spring 2018 9 students

Dr. Iain McGaw (Co-taught) Dr. Paul Marino (Co-taught

Biology 7220: Advanced Quantitative Methods Fall 2017 31 students

Dr. David Schneider

Biology 7932: Applications of the Generalized Linear Model in Biology

Fall 2017 2 students

Dr. David Schneider

2017-2018 36

E. PUBLICATION: 2016-2017 ACADEMIC YEAR

Refereed Journals

Ahmad, R.; Paradis, H.; Boyce, D.; McDonald, J.; Driedzic, W.; Gendron, R. L. (2018). Novel morphological characteristics of the cultured lumpfish eye during post hatch larval and juvenile developmental stages (2017). Journal of Fish Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13892

Allen, R.M.; Metaxas, A.; Snelgrove, P.V.R. (2018) Applying movement ecology to marine animals with complex lifecycles. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 10 19-42. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063134.

Ammendolia, J.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). Behavioural responses to hydrostatic pressure in selected echinoderms suggest hyperbaric constraint of bathymetric range. Marine Biology, 165(9): 145.

Baer, S.E.; Sipler, R.E.; Roberts, Q.N.; Yager, P.L.; Frischer, M.E.; Bronk, D.A. (2017). Seasonal nitrogen uptake and regeneration in the western coastal Arctic. Limnol Oceanogr. DOI: 10.1002/lno.10580

Bates, A.E.; Stuart-Smith, R.D.; Barrett, N.S.; Edgar, G.J. (2017) Biological interactions both facilitate and resist climate-related functional change in temperate reef communities. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 284: 20170484.

Bates, A.E.; Helmuth, B.; Burrows, M.T.; Duncan, M.I.; Garrabou, J.; Guy-Haim, T.; Lima, F.; Queiros, A.M.; Seabra, R.; Marsh, R.; Belmaker, Y.; Bensoussan, N.; Dong, Y; Mazaris, A.; Smale, D.; Wahl, M.; Rilov, G. (2018) Biologists ignore ocean weather at their peril (2018) Nature 560: 299-301.

Bittar, T.B.; Passow, U.; Hamaraty, L.; Bidle, K.D.; Harvey, E.L. (2018). Updated method for the calibration of transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) measurements. Limnology & Oceanography Methods 10.1002/lom3.10268.

Boyd, P.W.; Collins, S.; Dupont, S.; Fabricius, K.; Gattuso J-P.; Havenhand, J.; Hutchins, D.A.; Riebesell, U.; Rintoul, M.S; Vichi, M.; Biswas, H.; Ciotti, A.; Gao, K.; Gehlen, M.; Hurd, C.; Kurihara H.; McGraw, C.M.; Navarro, J.; Nilsson, G.E.; Passow, U.; Pörtner, H-O. (2018) Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of multiple drivers of global ocean change – a review. Global Change Biology doi:10.1111/gcb.14102

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Bretherton, L.; Kamalanathan, M.; Genzer, J.; Hillhouse, J.; Setta, S.; Laing, Y.; Brown, C.M.; Bradet-Legris, M.; Xu, C.; Sweet, J.; Passow, U.; Finkel, Z.V.; Irwin, A, I.; Santschi, P. H.; Quigg, A. (2018). Response of natural phytoplankton communities exposed to crude oil and chemical dispersants during a mesocosm experiment. Marine Ecology Progress Series https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.004

Bruno, J.F.: Bates, A.E.; Cacciapaglia, C.; Pike, E.P.; Amstrup, S.C.; van Hooidonk, R.; Henson, S.A.; Aronson, R.B. (2018) Climate change threatens the world’s marine protected areas. Nature Climate Change 8: 499–503.

Buck, L.T.; Burness, G.; Campbell, K.L.; Darveau, C.A.; Driedzic, W.; Guderley, H.; McClelland, G.B.; Moon, T.W.; Moyes, C.D.; Schulte, P.M. (2018). 50 years of comparative biochemistry: The legacy of Peter Hochachka Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 224: 1-11.

Caballero-Solares, A.; Xue, X.; Parrish, C.C.; Foroutani, M.B.; Taylor, R.G.; Rise, M.L. (2018). Changes in the liver transcriptome of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed experimental diets based on terrestrial alternatives to fish meal and fish oil. BMC Genomics 19(1), article number 796.

Campanya I Llovet, N.; Snelgrove, P.V.R. (2018) Effects of temporal variation in food sources on infaunal community structure of chemosynthetic and non-chemosynthetic environments in Barkley Hydrates, British Columbia, Canada. Deep-Sea Research Part I 140: 118–127

Campanya I Llovet, N.; Snelgrove, P.V.R. (2018) Fine-scale infaunal community and food web patch mosaics from Barkley methane hydrates (British Columbia, Canada): The role of food quality. Deep-Sea Research Part I 140: 186–195

Campbell, S.J.: Edgar,G.J.; Stuart-Smith, R.D.; Soler, G.; Bates, A.E. (2018) Fishing-gear restrictions and biomass gains for coral reef fishes in marine protected areas. Conservation Biology 32: 401-410.

Cassidy, A.A.; Driedzic, W.R.; Campos, D.; Heinrichs-Caldas, W.; Almeida-Val, V.M.F.; Val, A.L.; Lamarre, S. G. (2018). Protein synthesis is lowered by 4EBP1 and eIF2-α signaling while protein degradation may be maintained in fasting, hypoxic Amazonian cichlid, Astronotus ocellatus Journal of Experimental Biology 221: jeb167601 doi: 10.1242/jeb.167601

Chanton, J. P.; Giering, S. L. C.; Bosman, S. H.; Rogers, K. L.; Sweet, J.; Asper, V. L.; Diercks, A.R.; Passow, U. (2018). Isotopic composition of sinking particles: Oil effects, recovery and baselines in the Gulf of Mexico, 2010–2015. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1), 43. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.298

2017-2018 38

Chapman, A.S.A.; Tunnicliffe, V.; Bates, A.E. (2018) Both rare and common species make unique contributions to functional diversity in an ecosystem unaffected by human activities. Diversity and Distributions 24: 568-578 [Editor’s Choice].

Collins, S.A.; Xie, S.; Hall, J.R.; White, M.B.; Rise, M.L.; Anderson, D.M. (2018). Evaluation of enzyme- and Rhizopus oligosporus-treated high oil residue camelina meal on rainbow trout growth performance and distal intestine histology and inflammatory biomarker gene expression. Aquaculture 483, 27-37.

Costello, M.J.: Beard, K.H.; Primack, R.B.; Devictor, V.; Bates, A.E. (2018) Are killer bees good for coffee? The contribution of a paper's title and other factors to its future citations. Biological Conservation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.010.

Day, P.B.; Stuart-Smith, R.D.; Edgar, G.J.; Bates, A.E. (2018) Species’ thermal ranges predict changes in reef fish community structure during 8 years of extreme temperature variation. Diversity and Distributions 4:1036–1046 [Editor’s Choice].

De Palma, A.; Sanchez-Ortiz, K.; Martin, P.A.; Chadwick, A.; Gilbert, G.; Bates, A.E.; Börger, L.; Contu, S.; Hill, S.L.L.; Purvis, A. (2018). Challenges with inferring how land-use affects terrestrial biodiversity: study design, time, space and synthesis. Advances in Ecological Research 58: 163-199.

Diercks, A-R.; Dike, C.; Asper, V.L.; DiMarco, S.F.; Chanton, J.P.; Passow, U. (2018). Scales of seafloor sediment resuspension in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1):32. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.285

Dissanayake, A.L.; Burd, A.; Daly, K.L.; Francis, S.; Passow, U. (2018). Numerical Modeling of the Interactions of Oil, Marine Snow, and Riverine Sediments in the Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 0(ja) https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC013790

Dornelas, M.A.; Antao, L.H.; Moyes, F.; Bates, A.E.; Magurran, A.E.; et al. (2018). BioTIME: a database of biodiversity time series for the anthropocene. Global Ecology and Biogeography 27: 760-786.

Driedzic, W.R. (2018). Low plasma glucose limits glucose metabolism by RBCs and heart in some species of teleosts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 224: 204-209.

Edgar, G.J.; Alexander, T.J.; Lefcheck, J.S.; Bates, A.E.; Kininmonth, S.J.; Thomson, R.J.; Duffy, J.E.;. Costello, M.J.; Stuart-Smith, R.D. (2017) Abundance and local-scale processes contribute to multi-phyla gradients in global marine diversity. Science Advances 3: e1700419.

2017-2018 39

Eslamloo, K.; Inkpen, S.M.; Rise, M.L.; Andreassen, R. (2018). Discovery of microRNAs associated with the antiviral immune responses of Atlantic cod macrophages. Molecular Immunology 93, 152-161.

Foroutani, M.B.; Parrish, C.C.; Wells, J.; Taylor, R.G.; Rise, M.L.; Shahidi, F. (2018). Minimizing marine ingredients in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Effects on growth performance and muscle lipid and fatty acid composition. PLoS One 13(9), e0198538.

Gallardi, D.; Mills, T.; Donnet, S.; Parrish, C.C.; Murray, H.M. (2017). Condition and biochemical profile of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) cultured at different depths in a cold water coastal environment. Journal of Sea Research 126: 37-45

Gianasi, B.L.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). Morphometric and behavioural changes in the early life stages of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Aquaculture, 490: 5-18.

Gianasi, B.L.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). Full allogeneic fusion of embryos in a holothuroid echinoderm. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285: 20180339.

Giering, S.L.C.; Yan, B.; Sweet, J.; Asper, V.; Diercks, A.; Chanton, J.P.; Pitiranggon, M.; Passow, U. (2018). The ecosystem baseline for particle flux in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Elementa Science of the Anthropocene; 6(1), 6. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.264

Gutierrez,T.; Teske,A.; Ziervogel,K.; Passow, U.; Quigg, A. (2018). Microbial exopolymers: sources, chemico-physiological properties, and ecosystem effects in the marine environment. Frontiers in Microbiology, section Aquatic Microbiology: 9: 1822. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01822

Hanley, K.T.; Wuertz, S.; Schriewer, A.; Passow, U.; Smith, W.; Sharpiro, K.S. (2018). Effects of salinity and transparent exopolymer particles on formation of aquatic aggregates and their association with norovirus. Science of the Total Environment, 643:1514-1521.

James, A.; Carlson, C.A.; Passow, U.; Brzezinski, M.; Trapani, J.N.; Parsons, R. (2017). Increasing pCO2 Enhances Bacterioplankton Remineralization of DOC. PlosOne 12, e0173145 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173145.

Jennings, M.K.; Passow, U.; Wozniak, A.S.; Hansell, D.A. (2017). Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) across an organic carbon gradient in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry 190, 1-12.

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Jiao, N.; Guo, Z.; Legendre, L.; Suttle, C.; Rivkin, R.; Azam, F. (2018). Editorial for the special issue on marine carbon sequestration and climate change. National Science Review. 5: 456-457. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwy068.

Jones, J.M.; Passow, U.; Fradkin, S.C. (2018). Characterizing the vulnerability of intertidal organisms in Olympic National Park to ocean acidification. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 6(1): 54. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.312

Jutfelt, F.; Norin, T.; Ern, R.; Gamperl, A.K. et al. (2018). Oxygen- and Capacity-Limited Thermal Tolerance: Blurring Ecology and Physiology. Journal of Experimental Biology. 221 : 1 – 4.

Le Bris, A.; Wroblewski, J.S. (2018). Species composition and habitat preferences of the nearshore fish fauna of Bonne Bay, Newfoundland. Marine Biodiversity Records 11:12

Le Corre, N.; Pepin, P.; Han, G.; Ma, Z.; Snelgrove, P. (2018) Assessing connectivity patterns among management units of the Newfoundland and Labrador shrimp population. Fisheries Oceanography. DOI: 10.1111/fog.12401

Legendre, L.; Rivkin, R. B.; Jiao, N. (2017). Advanced experimental approaches to marine water-column biogeochemical processes, ICES Journal of Marine Science, fsx146, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsx146.

Liu, G.; Bracco, A.; Passow, U. (2018). Mesoscale and submesoscale circulation influences sinking particles in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 6(1): 36. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.292

McGaw, I.J.; Steell S.C.; Van Leeuwen, T.E.; Eliason E.J.; Cooke, S.J. (2018). Application of miniature heart-rate data loggers for use in free moving decapod crustaceans: method development and validation. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 91 (1): 731-739

McLaughlin, K.; Dickson, A.; Weisberg, S.B.; Coale, K.; Elrod, V.; Hunter, C.; Johnson, K.S.; Kram, S.; Kudela, R.; Martz, T.; Negrey, K.; Passow, U.; Shaughnessy, F.; Tadesse, D.; Washburn, L.; Weis, K.R. (2017). An Evaluation of ISFET Sensors for Coastal pH Monitoring Applications. Regional Studies in Marine Science 12:11-18

Millar, K.; Gagnon, P. (2018) Mechanisms of stability of rhodolith beds: sedimentological aspects. Marine Ecology Progress Series 594:65-83

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Montgomery, E.M.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). Ontogenetic variation in photosensitivity of developing echinoderm propagules. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 500: 63-72.

Mori, C.C.; Bagatini, I.L.; da Silva, T.G.; Parrish, C.C.; Vieira, A.A.H. (2018). Use of fatty acids in the chemotaxonomy of the family Selenastraceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae). Phytochemistry 151: 9-16.

Mulder, I.; Morris, C.; Dempson, J.B.; Fleming, I.A.; Power, M. (2108). Within lake winter movement activity patterns of anadromous Arctic charr in Labrador lakes. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 27: 785-797 (doi:10.1111/eff.12392).

Mulder, I.; Morris, C.; Dempson, J.B.; Fleming, I.A.; Power, M. (2018) Overwinter thermal habitat use in lakes by anadromous Arctic charr. 2018. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75: 2343-2353. (dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0420)

Norin, T.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). Metabolic Scaling of Individuals vs. Populations: Evidence for Variation in Scaling Exponents at Different Hierarchical Levels. Functional Ecology 32: 379-388

Osse, M.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). Markers of oil exposure in cold-water benthic environments: Insights and challenges from a study with echinoderms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 156: 56-66.

Passow, U.; Sweet, J.; Quigg, A. (2017). How the dispersant Corexit impacts the formation of sinking marine oil snow. Marine Pollution Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.015

Parzanini, C.; Parrish, C.C.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2017). Trophic ecology of a deep-sea fish assemblage in the Northwest Atlantic. Marine Biology, 164:206.

Pink, M.; Abrahams, M.V. (2018). In shallow water ecosystems the abiotic environment is more important than prey abundance for foraging terns. Environmental Biology of Fishes 101: 355-362.

Polimene, L.; Rivkin, R. B.; Luo, Y-W.; Kwon, E. Y.; Gehlen, M.; Peña. M. A.; Wang, N.; Liang, L; Kaartokallio, H.; Jiao, N. (2018). Modelling marine DOC degradation time scales. National Science Review. 5: 468-574. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy066.

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Qiang, Y.; Fan, W.; Xiao, C.; Rivkin, R. B.; Pan, Y.; Wu, J.; Guo, J.; Chen, Y. (2018). Behaviors of bubble-entrained plumes in air-injection artificial upwelling. J. Hydraul. Eng., 2018, 144: DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)HY.1943-7900.000146604018032

Retamales, J.; Segovia, C.; Alvarado, R.; Nuñez, P.; Santander, J. (2017). Draft Genome of Xanthomonas arboricola pv juglandis J303 Isolated From Infected Walnut Trees in Southern Chile. Genome Announcements 39(5): e01085-17.

Robertson, L.M.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2017). Feeding in deep-sea demosponges: influence of abiotic and biotic factors. Deep-Sea Research Part I, 127: 49-56.

Rocha, G.S.; Parrish, C.C.; Lombardi, A.T.; Melão, M.G.G. (2018). Biochemical and physiological responses of Selenastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) acclimated to different phosphorus concentrations. Journal of Applied Phycology 30: 2167-2177. doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1418-1

Rogers, A.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). The 2009–2016 Belize sea cucumber fishery: Resource use patterns, management strategies and socioeconomic impacts. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 22:9-20.

Salvo, F.; Hamoutene, D.; Wareham Hayes, V.E.; Edinger, E.N.; Parrish, C.C. (2017). Investigation of trophic ecology in Newfoundland cold water deep-sea corals using lipid class and fatty acid analyses. Coral Reefs 37: 157–171 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-017-1644-z

Segovia, C.; Arias, R.; Yañez, A.; Maracaja-Coutinho, V.; Santander, J. (2018). Core non-coding RNA of Piscirickettsia salmonis. PlosOne 13(5): e0197206

Sipler, R.E.; Kellogg, C.T.E.; Connelly, T.L.; Roberts, Q.N.; Yager, P.L.; Bronk, D.A. (2017). Microbial Community Response to Terrestrially Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in the Coastal Arctic. Frontiers of Microbiology.8: 1018. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01018

Sipler, R.E., Baer, S.E.; Frischer, M.E.; Roberts, Q.N.; Connelly, T.L.; Yager, P.L.; Bronk, D.A. (2017). Chemical and photophysiological impact of terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter on nitrate uptake in the coastal western Arctic. Limnol Oceanogr.62: 1881-1894. DOI: 10.1002/lno.10541

Sipler, R.E.; Gong, D.; Baer, S.E.; Sanderson, M.P.; Roberts, Q.N.; Mulholland, M.; Bronk, D.A. (2017). Preliminary estimate of contribution of Arctic nitrogen fixation to the global nitrogen budget. Limnol Oceanogr Letters.2:159-166. DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10046.

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Short, C.E.; Driedzic, W.R. (2018). Species-specific low plasma glucose in fish is associated with relatively high tissue glucose content and is inversely correlated with cardiac glycogen content Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 188(5), 809-819

Smith, N.C.; Christian, S.L.; Taylor, R.G.; Santander, J.; Rise, M.L. (2018). Immune modulatory properties of 6-gingerol and resveratrol in Atlantic salmon macrophages. Molecular Immunology 95, 10-19.

Snelgrove, P.V.R.; Soetaert, K.; Solan, M.; Thrush, S.; Wei, C.-L.; Danovaro, R.; Fulweiler, R.W.; Kitazato, H.; Ingole, B.; Norkko, A.; Parkes, R.J.; Volkenborn, N. (2018) Contrasting biogeochemical and biological estimates of carbon turnover on the global seafloor. Trends Ecol. Evol. 33, 96-105.

Spackeen,J.L.; Sipler, R.E.; Xu, K.; Tatters, A.O.; Walworth, N.; Bertrand, E.M.; McQuaid, J.B.; Hutchins, D.A.; Allen, A.E.; Bronk, D.A. (2017). Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on nitrate, urea, and DIC uptake by a coastal California microbial community. Marine Ecol Prog Ser. 577:49-65. DOI: 10.3354/meps12243.

Spackeen, J.L.; Bronk, D.A.; Sipler, R.E.; Bertrand, E.M.; Hutchins, D.A.; Allen, A.E. 2018. Stoichiometric N: P ratios, temperature, and iron impact carbon and nitrogen uptake by Ross Sea microbial communities. Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences. #2017JG004316RR

Stanley, R.R.E.; DiBacco, C.; Lowen, B.; Bieko, R.; Wyngaarden, M.; Jeffery, N.W.; Bentzen, P.; Bernatchez, L.; Gosselin, T.; Johnson, C.; Snelgrove, P.V.R.; Wringe, B.F.; Bradbury, I.R. (2018) A climate-associated multi-species cryptic genetic cline in the northwest Atlantic. Science Advances 4, eaaq0929 (2018).

St. Pierre, A.P.; Shikon, V.; Schneider, D.C. (2018). Count data in biology—Data transformation or model reformation? Ecology and Evolution. 2018; 1–9.

St-Pierre, A.P.; Moreland, H.R.; Gagnon, P. (2018) Body size and competitor identity modulate prey consumption and feeding behaviour in a slow-moving benthic predator (Asterias rubens, Linneaus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 507:8-16

Stuart-Smith, R.D.; Edgar, G.J.; Bates, A.E. (2017) Thermal limits to the geographic distributions of shallow- water marine species. Nature Ecology and Evolution 1: 1846–1852.

Stuart-Smith, R.D.; Edgar, G.J.; Barrett, N.S.; Bates, A.E.; Baker, S.C.; Bax, N.J.; Becerro, M.A.; Berkhout, J.; Blanchard, J.L.; Brock, D.J.; Clark, G.F.; Cooper, A.T.; Davis, T.R.; Day, P.B.; Duffy, J.E.; Holmes, T.H.; Howe, S.A.; Jordan, A.; Kininmonth, S.; Knott, N.A.; Lefcheck, J.S.; Ling, S.D.; Parr,

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A.; Strain, E.; Sweatman, H.; Thomson, R. (2017) Assessing National Biodiversity Trends for Rocky and Coral Reefs through the Integration of Citizen Science and Scientific Monitoring Programs. BioScience 67: 134-146.

Tatters, A.O.; Xu, K.; Fu, F.; Spackeen, J.; Walworth, N.; Sipler, R.E.; Bertrand, E.; McQuaid, J.; Schnetzer, A.; Allen, A.E.; Bronk, D.A.; Caron, D.A.; Sun, J.; Gao, K.; Hutchins, D.A. (2018). Interactive Effects of Temperature, CO2, and Nitrogen Source on a Coastal California Diatom Assemblage. Journal of Phytoplankton Research.40 (2): 151-164 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbx074.

Tilves, U.; Fuentes, V.L.; Milisenda, G.; Parrish, C.C.; Vizzini, S.; Sabatés A. (2018). Assessing trophic interactions of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the NW Mediterranean: evidence from stable isotope signatures and fatty acid composition. Marine Ecology Progress Series 591: 101–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12332

Valderrama, K.; Soto-Davila, M.; Santander, J. (2017). Draft Genome Sequence of the type strain Aeromonas salmonicida subspecie salmonicida ATCC 33658. Genome Announcements 5(40):e01064-17.

Van Wyngaarden, M.; Snelgrove, P.V.R.; DiBacco, C.; Hamilton, L.C.; Rodrígues-Ezpeleta, N.; Bradbury, I.R. (2017) Oceanographic variation influences spatial genomic structure in the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus. Ecology and Evolution 8: 2824-2841.

Wirth, M.; Passow, U.; Jeschek, J.; Hand, I.; Schulz-Bull, D.E. (2018). Partitioning of Oil Compounds into Marine Oil Snow: Insights into Prevailing Mechanisms and Dispersant Effects. Marine Chemistry 206: 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.09.007

Wringe, B.F.; Jeffery, N.W.; Stanley, R.R.E.; Hamilton, L.C.; Anderson, E.A.; Fleming, I.A.; Grant, C.; Dempson, B.; Veinott, G.; Duffy, S.J.; Bradbury, I.A. (2018). Extensive hybridization following a large escape of domesticated Atlantic salmon in the Northwest Atlantic. Communications Biology – Nature 1:108 (DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0112-9).

Xavier, M.; Passow, U.; Migon, C.; Burd, A.B.; Legendre, L. (2017). Transparent Exopolymer Particles in the ocean: sinking or not sinking, that is our question. Progress in Oceanography 151, 13-37.

Zhang, C.; Dang H.; Azam, F.; Benner, R.; Legendre, L.; Passow, U.; Polimene, L.; Robinson, C.; Suttle, C.A.; Jiao, N. (2018). Evolving paradigms in biological carbon cycling in the ocean. National Science Review: 5 (4): 481-499. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy074

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Zhang, X.; Sun, L.; Yuan, J.; Sun, Y.; Gao, Y.; Zhang, L.; Li, S.; Dai, H.; Hamel, J.-F.; Liu, C.; Yu, Y.; Liu, S.; Lin, W.; Guo, K.; Jin, S.; Xu, P.; Storey, K.B.; Huan, P.; Zhang, T.; Zhou, Y.; Zhang, J.; Lin, C.; Li, X.; Xing, L.; Huo, D.; Sun, M.; Wang, L.; Mercier, A.; Li, F.; Yang, H.; Xiang, J. (2017). The sea cucumber genome provides insights into morphological evolution and visceral regeneration. PLoS Biology, 15(10): e2003790.

Book and Book Chapters

Berg, O.K.; Fleming, I.A. (2017). Energetic trade-offs faced by brown trout during ontogeny and reproduction, pp 179-199. In J. Lobon-Cervia J, and N. Sanz (eds.) The Brown Trout Salmo trutta L.: Biology, Ecology and Management, Wiley, Chichester, UK. (ISBN: 978-1-119-26831-4).

Boyce, D.; Prickett, R.; Ang, K.P. (2018). Cunner and Lumpfish as Cleaner Fish Species in Canada. Cleaner Fish Biology and Aquaculture Applications, J. Treasurer (Ed)

Gamperl, A.K.; Gillis, T.; Farrell, A.P.; Brauner, C.J. Eds. (2017). The Cardiovascular System: Morphology, Control and Function. Fish Physiology Series, Volume 36A. Academic Press, USA. 452 P.

Gamperl, A.K.; Gillis, T.; Farrell, A.P.; Brauner, C.J. Eds. (2017). The Cardiovascular System: Development, Plasticity and Physiological Responses. Fish Physiology Series, Volume 36B. Academic Press, USA. 485P.

Metaxas. A.; Snelgrove P.V.R. (2018) Caring for the Deep. In Wells, P.G (ed) : The Future of Ocean Governance and Training: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002). Edited by P.W. Wells

Schneider, D.C. (2018). Scale and scaling in seascape ecology. Pp 89-188 In Seascape Ecology. S.J. Pittman, ed. Wiley Blackwell, Hoboken, USA.

Snelgrove, P.V.R.; Metaxas, A. (2018) Caring for the Coasts. In Wells, P.G (ed): The Future of Ocean Governance and Training: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002). Edited by P.W. Wells.

Stanley, R.R.E.; Morris, C.J.; Snelgrove, P.V.R.; Metaxas, A.; Pepin, P. (2018). The Efficacy of Small Closures: A Tale of Two Marine Protected Areas in Canada. In Brinkmann, R. and Garren, S.J. (eds): The Palgrave Handbook of Sustainability: Case Studies and Practical Solutions. pp. 207-238

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Wroblewski, J.S. (2018). Marine Fishes, Nature Field Guide to Newfoundland and Labrador, Michael Collins, Editor. 2018. Breakwater Books, St. John’s. pp. 263-277.

Young, C.M.; Arellano, S.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). Ecology and evolution of larval dispersal in the deep sea. In: Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae. T.J. Carrier, A.M. Reitzel and A. Heyland (Eds.). Oxford University Press, pp. 229-250 (doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0016).

Technical Papers, Reports, Conference Proceedings, Magazines

Anonymous (I.A. Fleming co-author). 2017. Consensus Document on the Biology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, Consensus Document No. 64. 136 p.

Chapman, A.S.A.; Bates, A.E.; Tunnicliffe, V. (2018) Functional diversity and biogeography using ‘sFDvent’ - the first global trait database for hydrothermal vent species. PeerJ. 4th World Congress on Marine Biodiversity, Montreal, Canada

Coté, D.; Heggland, k.; Roul, s.; Fifield, D.; Wareham, V.; Colbourne, E.; Maillet, G.; Pilgrim, L.; Pretty, C.; Devine, B.; Corre, N.L.; Lawson, J.; Yacos-Fuentes, C.; Mercier, A. (2018). Overview of the Biophysical and Ecological Components of the Labrador Sea Frontier Area. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Research Document 2018/nnn.

Gregory, R.S.; Laurel, B.J.; Cote, D.; Newton, B.H.; Dalley, K.L.; Sargent, P.S.; Snelgrove, P.V.R.; Clarke, K.D.; Wong M.C. (2017). Fish production metrics from a nursery area in the marine coastal zone of Newfoundland. Canadian Scientific Advisory Secret. Res. Doc.

Johnsson, J.I.; Hindar, K.; Arlinghaus, R.; Cucherousset, J.; Fleming, I.A. (2018). The need to manage salmonid invasions in Europe to protect native biodiversity. Policy Brief, BiodivERsA, European Commission. 6 p.

Peck, M.A.; Richardson, K.; Snelgrove, P.; Wilson, R. (2018) Marine Ecology Progress Series (MEPS) celebrates its 600th volume: maintaining top quality in rapidly changing times. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 600:1-2

Rogers, A.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). Pearlfish Carapus bermudensis from the sea cucumber Holothuria mexicana in Belize (Central America). SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 38: 73-76. Full paper.

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F. HIGHLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL

Post-Doctoral Fellows

Dr. Anne Beemelmanns (Gamperl) Dr. Nicolas Le Corre (Snelgrove) Dr. Albert Caballero Solares (Rise) Dr. Umasuthan Navaneethaiyer (Rise) Dr. Fabio Sabbadin Zanuzzo (Gamperl) Dr. Emy Montgomery (Mercier) Dr. Mohamed Emame (Rise/Parrish) Dr. Neus Campanyà Llovet (Snelgrove) Dr. Eduardo Toyer Vargas (Parrish) Dr. Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali (Parrish) Dr. Guillaume Caulier (Mercier) Dr. Lucie Gerber (Gamperl/Rise)

Degreed Students

Phillip Meintzer- Ocean Sciences – M.Sc. (B. Favaro) Development and assessment of potting technology for reduced-impact capture of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) Nicola Zargarpour- Ocean Sciences – M.Sc. (B. Favaro) To catch a predator: Using underwater video to investigate the impact of invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas) on American lobster (Homarus americanus) catch efficiency Jonathan Bergshoeff- Ocean Sciences – M.Sc. (B. Favaro) Using underwater video to optimize trapping of the invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas) in Newfoundland Gwyn Mason- Biology- M.Sc. (I. Fleming) Rapid Evolution and Local Adaptation in an Introduced Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Population: experimental and genetic evidence of adaptation 25 years Post-Introduction in the Rocky River, Newfoundland.

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Gemma Rayner- Ocean Sciences- M.Sc. (I. McGaw) Interactions between green crab (Carcinus maenas) and American Lobster (Homarus americanus) and effects on the fishery. Camilla Parzanini- Ocean Sciences -Marine Biology- PhD (C. Parrish/ A. Mercier) Food web ecology of a deep-sea environment in the North-west Atlantic Ocean: an integrated analysis. Larina Carroll- Biology – M.Sc. (M. Rise) Molecular ontogeny of heat stress response in salmon Carley Schacter- Biology- PhD (D. Schneider) Migration Dynamics of Diving Seabirds: Aethia auklets in the North Pacific Violaine Shikon- Biology- M.Sc. (D. Schneider) An analysis of larval fish community structure and capelin (Mallotus villosus) early life dynamics on the Northeast coast of Newfoundland Neus Campanyà Llovet- Biology - PhD (P. Snelgrove) The role of organic matter in determining deep-sea benthic biodiversity patterns

Ph.D Students

Mike Piersiak- Biology-PhD (M. Abrahams) Bottom-up effects associated with sea cage aquaculture Brittney Conradi- Marine Biology- PhD. (A. Bates) Interactions between climate and fisheries-driven regime changes on coastal beta diversity in the northwest Atlantic Jasmin Schuster- Marine Biology- PhD. (A. Bates) Physiological diversity in cold water rocky reef communities mediates assemblage structures Shahinur Islam- Marine Biology - PhD (I. Fleming) Post-reproductive functional & behavioral interaction of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Kristin Bøe- PhD - Marine Biology (I. Fleming) Interrelation between anadromy and iteroparity in shaping life-history: insights from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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David Bélanger - Biology - PhD (P. Gagnon) Ecological importance and vulnerability of rhodolith beds in Newfoundland and Labrador Anne Provencher St-Pierre - Marine Biology - PhD (P. Gagnon) Drivers of kelp-barrens community dynamics in Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence Isabel Costa - Biology – PhD (K. Gamperl) Cardiac function and microvascular control in flatfish Robine Leeuwis- Marine Biology - PhD (K Gamperl) Physiology and nutrition of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) Qiwu Jiang- Marine Biology -Marine Biology PhD (I. McGaw) Effects of feeding states on behavioural and physiological responses to hypoxia in Atlantic rock crab Cancer irroratus Jiamin Sun- Ocean Sciences - Marine Biology- PhD (A. Mercier) Behavioral and feeding ecology of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa Bruno Gianasi- Ocean Sciences - Marine Biology- PhD (A. Mercier) Exploring the potential of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa as an aquaculture species Jorge Del Angel-Rodriguez – Biology-PhD (C. Parrish) Seasonal changes in krill lipids: implications for whales Ghada Antiwesh- Environmental Science- MES (C. Parrish/ J. Wroblewski). Biochemical signatures of ecosystem stress and resilience; nutrient cycles and lipid flow Tomer Katan- Marine Biology - PhD (C. Parrish/M. Rise) The impact of plant-based oils and other feed ingredients on growth, tissue composition, gene expression, and health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Nicole Smith Biology- PhD (M. Rise) Mechanism of antiviral defense in teleost fish Khalil Eslamloo- Biology- PhD (M. Rise) The genetic basis of Atlantic cod and Atlantic salmon innate immune responses Sabrina Inkpen- Biology- PhD (M. Rise) Mechanisms of antiviral defense in teleost fish

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Xi Xue- Marine Biology- PhD (M. Rise) Functional genomic studies of salmon response to diet and disease Cao Thanh Trung- Marine Biology - Ph.D. (J. Santander) Moretiella viscosa and Vibrio anguillarum pathogenesis and vaccinology Joy Chukwu- Marine Biology -Ph.D. (J. Santander) Virulences factors of bacteria and fish immunity Ahmed Hossein- Marine Biology -Ph.D. (J. Santander) Bacterial immune suppression and fish vaccinology Setu Chakraborty - Marine Biology -Ph.D. (J. Santander) Metagenomics, Bacterial pathogenesis and vaccinology in lumpfish (C. lumpus) Yunyun, Fu- Environmental Science - PhD (R. Rivkin/Co-supervised) Gene transfer agents in Arctic bacterioplankton Kimberley Keats - Biology - PhD (D. Schneider) Nutrient regulation of heterotrophic bacterial growth and community structure in relation to water mass dynamics in Arctic and Subarctic waters Danielle Quinn- Marine Biology- PhD. (P. Snelgrove/ T. Avery) North Atlantic Fisheries Conservation Salma Husaien- Marine Biology- PhD (P. Snelgrove/R. Gregory) Effects of the changes of feeding rates, diet and fish density on the growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) in the coast of Newfoundland. Alessia Ciraolo- Marine Biology- PhD (P. Snelgrove) Cumulative impacts of hypoxia and trawling on seafloor ecosystems Emilie Geissinger- Biology- M.Sc. (P. Snelgrove/R. Gregory) Effect of climate change on recruitment of coastal zone fishes Marta Miatta- Biology- PhD (P. Snelgrove) Ecosystem functions and biodiversity patterns within the Laurentian Channel AOI: Regional comparisons and links to water column processes.

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M.Sc. Students Sylvia Fitzgibbon- Biology-M.Sc. (M. Abrahams) Sensory physiology and its impact on invasion dynamics Brandy Biggar – Marine Biology – M.Sc. (A. Bates) Role of winter cold tolerance in limiting the impacts of the invasive green crab Cerren Richards – Marine Biology- M.Sc. (A. Bates) Winter versus summer energetics in constraining population dynamics in North Atlantic seabirds Sindy Dove- Marine Biology- M.Sc. (I. Fleming/M. Rise) Impact of cross type (wild, farmed, hybrid) on Atlantic salmon immune responses Julie Jacques- Marine Biology- M.Sc. (P. Gagnon) The effects of raceway density on gonad growth and behaviour in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) Kyle Millar - Marine Biology – M.Sc. (P. Gagnon) On the prevalence and relative importance of abiotic and biotic controls of rhodolith bed persistence in Newfoundland and Labrador. Samantha Trueman - Marine Biology – M.Sc. (P. Gagnon) Controls of gonad yield, recruitment, and resilience in green sea urchin and dominant kelp species in Newfoundland. Laura Teed- Biology- M.Sc. (P. Gagnon/E. Edinger) Accretion and erosion dynamics of Newfoundland rhodoliths. Sean Hacker Teper – Marine Biology - M.Sc. (P. Gagnon/C. Parrish) Food web ecology of Newfoundland rhodolith bed communities Zoe Zrini- Marine Biology- MSc (K. Gamperl) The use of data loggers to study fish physiology and behaviour Olufemi Oluseun Ajiboye- Marine Biology- PhD (K. Gamperl) Effects of Elevated Temperature on Salmon Physiology and Immunology

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Christian Carnevale – Biology- M.Sc. (K. Gamperl) Effects of chronic hypoxia on steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) myocardial contractility Devyn Ramsay- Biology- M.Sc. (K. Gamperl/Co-supervised) Effects of Interleukin-1β on the cardiovascular system of Steelhead Trout Sarah Nancollas- Marine Biology- M.Sc. (I. McGaw) Physiological responses of Carcinus maenas acclimated to a tidal emersion cycle. Evgeni Matveev- Marine Biology- MSc (I. McGaw) Effect of a lab environment on the health of crabs Logan Zeinert –Aquaculture –MSc (I. McGaw) Potential use of the West Indian Spider Crab Mithrax spinosissimus in Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture Janet Ferguson-Roberts- MSc Marine Biology (A. Mercier) Characterization of lecithotrophic propagules in marine invertebrates. Brittney Stuckless- MSc- Marine Biology (A. Mercier) Behavioural adaptations and species interactions in the deep sea. Jenna MacKinnon- Environmental Science- M.Sc. (C. Parrish) Effects of temperature and pCO2 on essential fatty acid and energy supply at the base of marine food webs Judy Perry- Chemistry- M.Sc. (C. Parrish/Co-Supervised) Cholesterol and phytosterols in finfish aquaculture nutrition Tyler Brown- Biology- M.Sc. (M. Rise) Impact of plant-based diets on fish intestine transcriptome Eric Ignatz- Aquaculture- M.Sc. (M. Rise/J. Westcott) Temperature effects on growth and immune response of transgenic salmon. Manuel Davila- Aquaculture- M.Sc. (J. Santander) Influence of Vitamins on Aeromonas salmonicida and Renibacterium salmoninarum Pathogenesis

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Hajarooba Gnanagobal - Aquaculture- M.Sc. (J. Santander) Comparative pathogenesis and physiology of fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida and Renibacterium salmoninarum Tra My Dang- Aquaculture -M.Sc. (J. Santander) Vaccination in Lumpfish larvae Ignacio Vasquez Solis de Ovando- Aquaculture -M.Sc. (J. Santander) Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine development Emma Cooke- Marine Biology- M.Sc. (P. Snelgrove/R. Gregory) Environmental and Biological Influences on Cod Recruitment Catie Young- Marine Environmental - M.Sc. (P. Snelgrove/ D. Cote) Labrador benthic food webs Victoria Howse- Biology- M.Sc. (P. Snelgrove) Assessing the efficacy of the Eastport Marine Protected Area to enhance local lobster fisheries as it relates to growth rate, reproductive potential, and habitat use Evelyn MacRobert- Biology- M.Sc. (P. Snelgrove/R. Gregory) How the distribution of predators affects habitat selection and survival of juvenile cod Rebecca Steinhart- Biology- M.Sc. (P. Snelgrove) Natural and anthropogenic drivers of sedimentary communities in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Visiting Students Vincent Marmillot, PhD- Laval University, QC (C. Parrish/Co-Supervised) Synthesis and transfer of lipids at the base of the food chains: responses and plasticity of primary producers and consumers facing environmental conditions Mrs. Brittany Conradi, MSc, Southampton University, UK (A. Bates)

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Undergraduate Students Tiffany Small- Biology BSc. Honours (A. Mercier) Exploring colour morphotypes in commercial sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) Emily Connors, B.Sc. Honours (J. Santander) Identification and Validation of Reliable Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida Reference Genes for Differential Gene Expression Analyses Kathleen Parrish- Biology BSc. Honours (M. Rise) Effects of fucoxanthin on salmon macrophages

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G. CONFERENCES, WORKSHOPS, INVITED LECTURES

Dr. Mark Abrahams Enhancing Marine Biodiversity Research in Indonesia (EMBRIO), Bogor, Indonesia Abrahams, M.V. (2017). Managing biodiversity on a massive scale: international collaboration in the Northwest Atlantic and the Ocean Frontier Institute. (Keynote Panel Address). Dr. Amanda Bates World Congress on Marine Biodiversity, Montreal, Canada May 13-16, 2018.

Bates, A.E. (2018). Three “grand” challenges for predicting marine biodiversity change in the Anthropocene era (Keynote).

Canadian Society for Zoologists Meeting, St. Johns, Canada May 7-11, 2018.

Bates, A.E, Favaro, B. (2018). Demystifying Science Communication. (Invited)

Bates, A.E. (2018). Thermal Safety, Environmental Variability and Biodiversity Change. (Keynote)

Science Atlantic Conference, St. Johns, Canada, March 9-11, 2018. Bates AE (2018) Thermal safety, environmental variability and biodiversity change. (Keynote).

British Ecological Society: Predicting Biodiversity Change and Impacts on Ecosystem Function. London, UK,

Bates, A.E. (2017) Functional shifts in rocky reef biodiversity: interacting effects of ocean warming and protection across trophic levels. (Invited).

Dr. Ian Fleming World Aquaculture Meeting, Montpellier, France, 25-29 August, 2018. Bradbury. I.R.; Sylvester, E.V.A.; Wringe, B.F.; Duffy, S.J.; Perriman, B.; Islam, S.S.; Fleming, I.A.(2018). Direct genetic interactions between wild and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon following a single escape event in southern Newfoundland, Canada.

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Canadian Society of Ecology and Evolution Annual Meeting, Guelph, Canada, 18-21 July, 2018 Islam, S.S.; Wringe, B.; Conway, C.M.; Bradbury, I.R.; Fleming, I.A. (2018). Linking dominance status and fitness-related traits between divergent North American and European farmed and wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). 9th International Charr Symposium, Duluth, USA, 18-21 June, 2018. Mulder, I.; Morris, C.; Dempson, J.B.; Fleming, I.A.; Power, M. (2018). Temperature and body size shape diel activity patterns in overwintering anadromous Arctic charr. Ecology and Evolutionary Ethology of Fishes Meeting. Montreal, Canada, 17-20 June, 2018 Fleming, I.A.; Simms, M.; Adams, B.K. (2018). Maternal effects of migration on sympatric offspring of resident and anadromous Atlantic salmon. (Invited) Canadian Society of Zoologists Annual Meeting, St. John’s, Canada, 7-11 May, 2018. Islam, S.S.; Wringe, B.; Bradbury, I.R.; Fleming, I.A. (2018). Do behavioural traits vary between divergent North American and European Wild and Farm Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations? Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research, Edmonton, Canada, 4-7 January, 2018.. Perriman, B.M.; Bentzen, P.; Wringe, B.F.; Duffy, S.; Islam, S.; Fleming, I.A.; Bradbury, I.R. (2018). Morphological consequences of hybridization between domestic and wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, under both experimental and wild conditions. Arctic Charr Conference in Iceland: Ecology, Genetics, Climate Change and the Implication for Conservation and Management. Reykjavik, Iceland, 31 October – 1 November, 2017. Mulder, I.; Morris, C.; Dempson, J.B.; Fleming, I.A.; Power, M. (2017). Within lake winter movement patterns of anadromous Arctic charr in Labrador lakes. Ocean Tracking Network Symposium, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, 17-18 October, 2017. Fleming, I.A.; Power, M.; Bøe, K.; Mulder, I. (2017). Salmonids in the north – species transition zones and beyond, predicting impacts of climate change.

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Dr. Patrick Gagnon 6th International Rhodolith Worskhop, Roscoff, France, June 25th-29th, 2018. Teed, L.; Belanger, D.; Gagnon, P.; Edinger, E. (2018). CaCO3 production rate estimates of a southeastern Newfoundland rhodolith bed. Ocean Sciences Meeting, Portland, Oregon, USA, Feb 11, 16, 2018 St-Pierre, A.; Gagnon, P. (2018). Applying landscape metrics to broad-scale study of kelp distribution in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Society of Zoologists Meeting, St. John’s NL, Canada, May 7-11, 2018 Teper, S.; Gagnon, P.; Parrish, C. (2018). Spatiotemporal variability among biomarkers in a Newfoundland rhodolith (Lithothamnion glaciale) bed community. European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, April 8th-13th, 2018 Williams, S.; Adey, W.; Halfar, J.; Kronz, A.; Gagnon, P.; Bélanger, D.; Nash, M. (2018). Effects of light and temperature on Mg uptake in the coralline algal climate proxy archive Clathromorphum compactum. 47th Annual Benthic Ecology Meeting, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA, March 27th-30th, 2018 Moreland, H.; St-Pierre, A.; Gagnon, P. (2018). Body size and competitor identity modulate prey consumption and feeding behaviour in a slow-moving benthic predator (Asterias rubens). Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography Summer Meeting 2018. Victoria, BC, Canada, June 10th-15th, 2018. Teper, S.; Gagnon, P.; Parrish, C. (2018). Assessing temporal and spatial trophodynamics in a Newfoundland rhodolith bed community using lipid class, fatty acid, and stable isotope biomarkers. Newfoundland Aquaculture Industry Association (NAIA) Cold Harvest - 24th Annual Conference and Tradeshow, Gander, NL, Canada, Sept 26th-28th, 2017. Gagnon, P. (2017). Life in the fast lane: redefining sea urchin farming in Newfoundland with a revolutionary feed.

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Prince Edward Island Aquaculture Association - 2017 Alternative and Emerging Species Workshop, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada, December 6th-7th, 2017. Gagnon, P. (2017). Green sea urchin farming in eastern Canada: creating opportunity with advanced feed technology. Dr. Kurt Gamperl Marine Institute Newport (Group: FishEye). Newport, Co.Mayo, Ireland. December, 2017.

Beemelmanns, A.; Zanuzzo, F.S.; Sandrelli, R.M.; Gamperl, A.K. (2017). Mitigating the Impact of Climate-Related Challenges on Salmon Aquaculture. (Invited)

Salmonid Association of Eastern Newfoundland Meeting. St. John’s, NL. December, 2017.

Zarini, Z.A.; Gamperl, A.K. (2017). Using Data Storage Tags to Study Fish Physiology and Behaviour.

Science Atlantic Aquaculture and Fisheries Conference. St. John's, NL. March, 2018.

Leeuwis, R.; Nash, G.N.; Sandrelli, R.M.; Zanuzzo, F.S.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). Metabolic Physiology and Environmental Tolerances of the Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria).

57th Annual meeting of the Canadian Society of Zoologists (CSZ). St. John’s, NL. May 2018.

Zanuzzo, F.S.; Ramsay, D.A.; Beemelmanns, A.: Sandrelli, S.M.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). Influence of Temperature and Hypoxia on the Stress Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Beemelmanns, A. ; Zanuzzo, F.S.: Xue, X.; Sandrelli, R.M.; Rise, M.L.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). The transcriptional response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to high temperature alone, or in combination with hypoxia.

Leeuwis, R.; Nash, G.N.; Sandrelli, R.M.; Zanuzzo, F.S.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). Metabolic Physiology and Environmental Tolerances of the Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria).

Zarini, Z.A.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). Using Data Storage Tags to Study Atlantic Salmon Physiology and Behaviour.

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Ajiboye, O.O.; Zanuzzo, F.S.; Sandrelli, R.M.; Beemelmanns, A.; Peroni, E.C.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). Impacts of High Temperature and Hypoxia on the Growth Performance and Survival of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).

Aquaculture Association of Canada (AAC) Conference Quebec City, Quebec. May, 2018. Beemelmanns, A.; Zanuzzo, F.S.: Xue, X.; Sandrelli, R.M.; Rise, M.L.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). The Transcriptional Response of Cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to High Temperature Alone, or in Combination With Hypoxia.

Zanuzzo, F.S.; Ramsay, D.A.: Beemelmanns, A.: Sandrelli, R.M.; Gamperl, A.K. (2018). Influence of Temperature and Hypoxia on the Stress Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

International Congress on the Biology of Fishes, Calgary, AB. Aug. 2018. Gamperl, A.K.: Ramsay, D.A.: Rodríguez Ramos, T.; Dixon, B. (2018). Does Interleukin -1-Beta (IL-1β ) Play a Role in Cardiovascular Failure in Steelhead Trout at High Temperatures (Oncorhynchus mykiss)? Dr. Iain McGaw Canadian Society of Zoologists, St Johns, NL, May 7th-11th Jiang, Q.; McGaw, I.J. (2018). Interactive effects of hypoxia and starvation on gastric processing in the Atlantic rock crab (Cancer irroratus).

Matveev, E.; McGaw, I.J. (2018). Examining the intra-individual relationship between behaviour and physiology in the green shore crab (Carcinus maenas).

Science Atlantic Aquaculture and Fisheries Conference, St Johns, NL, March 9th-11th, 2018 Rayner G.; Bird T.J.; McGaw, I.J. (2018). Effects of the invasive green crab on the American lobster fishery in Newfoundland. Dr. Annie Mercier ASLO 2018 Summer Meeting, Victoria, BC, Canada, June 2018.

Parzanini, C.; Parrish, C.C.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). A trophic study of deep-sea benthic invertebrates in the NW Atlantic using elemental, isotopic and fatty acid analyses.

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Aquaculture Canada 2018, Quebec City, QC, Canada, May 2018.

Gianasi, B.L.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018_. Triggers of spawning and oocyte maturation in the commercial sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa.

57th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, St. John’s, NL, Canada, May 2018.

Ferguson-Roberts J.; Montogmery, E.M.; Hamel, J.F.; Mercier, A. (2018). From qualitative to quantitative: a study of oocyte characteristics in lecithotrophic echinoderms.

Parzanini, C.; Parrish, C.C.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2018). Bathymetric effects and adaptations in deep-water fish and invertebrates collected off eastern Canada: insights from isotopic and lipid composition.

CCGS Amundsen, Leg 4b, October 2017.

Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2017). From shallow to deep environments: the biology and adaptations of benthic invertebrates.

Aquaculture Europe 2017, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Oct 2017.

Sun J.; J.-F. Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2017). Effect of light on microhabitat selection and activity of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa.

52nd European Marine Biology Symposium, Piran, Slovenia, Sep 2017.

Ammendolia J.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A. (2017). Vertical migrations in the ocean and the deep source-sink hypotheses: insights from pressure tolerance investigations.

Hamel J.-F.; Eeckhaut, I.; Mercier, A. (2017). New host for the parasite worm Anoplodium sp. (Rhabditophora: Platyhelminthes) found in the sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata).

Dr. Chris Parrish World Congress on Marine Science & World Congress on Geochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia, November 2017. Parrish, C.C. (2017).Nutritional and Biomarker Lipids in Marine Food Webs. (Invited). Dr. Uta Passow Ocean Sciences Meeting. Portland, OR, USA. Feb 11th-16th, 2018. Passow, U. (2018).The Biological Carbon Pump: A transport vehicle for Pollution,

GOMOSES: Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science, New Orleans, LA, Feb 5th-8th, 2018

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Passow, U. (2018).Transport of dispersed oil to the seafloor by sinking phytoplankton aggregates: a modeling study. Passow, U. (2018). Does Corexit impact MOSSFA? The attempt of a synthesis PICES Annual Meeting, Vladivostok, Russia, Sept 22-Oct 1st, 2017 Passow, U. (2017).Climate Change, phytoplankton export and carbon sequestration. Dr. Matt Rise 13th International Congress on the Biology of Fish, Calgary, AB, Canada. July 15-19, 2018. Rise, M.L.; Caballero-Solares, A.; Xue, X.; Hall, J.R.; Eslamloo, K.; Foroutani, M.B.; Parrish, C.C.; Taylor, R.G. (2018). Influence of diet on Atlantic salmon defense relevant gene expression. (Invited) Eslamloo, K.; Xue, X.; Smith N.C.; Inkpen, S.M.; Hall, J.R.; Booman, M.; Caballero Solares, A.; Parrish, C.C.; Taylor, R.G.; Andreassen, R.; Rise, M.L. (2018). Using macrophage models for the transcriptomic evaluation of antiviral and dietary associated immune responses of teleosts. Aquaculture Association of Canada 2018 Conference, Québec City, QC, Canada. May 27-30, 2018. Rise, M.L.; Caballero-Solares, A.; Xue, X.; Hall, J.R.; Eslamloo, K.; Smith, N.C.; Inkpen, S.M.; Katan T.; Parrish, C.C.; Umasuthan, N.; Parrish, K.S.; Rajabi, H.; Christian, S.L.; Santander, J.; Kvingedal, R.; Jakob, E.; Hawes, C.; Piño, J.; Sepulveda, J.; Fast, M.D.; Taylor, R.G. (2018). Atlantic salmon nutrigenomics: Toward development of novel diets to improve fish health. (Invited). 57th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Zoologists. Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, May 7-11, 2018. Eslamloo, K.; Xue, X.; Inkpen S.M.; Ghorbani A.; Larijani, M.; Rise, M. L. (2018). Gene characterisation and expression regulation of Atlantic cod viperin. Dr. Richard Rivkin Yan-qi Lake Conference on Carbon Cycling in the Ocean, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, PRC. September, 2017. Legendre, L.; Jiao, N.; Rivkin, R. B. (2016). Advanced experimental approaches to marine water-column biogeochemical processes.

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Rivkin, R. B.; Anderson, M. R. (2017). Competition in the microbial world; Characteristics, controls and biogeochemical consequences. Microbes and ocean biogeochemical. PICES Science Meeting. Vladivostok, Russia, September 2017 Jiao, N.; Rivkin, R. B.; Legendre. L. (2017). Biological mediated carbon cycling and sequestration in the ocean and climate change, A new dimension and perspective. (Invited) Anderson, M. R.; Rivkin, R. B. (2017). Assessing the contribution of seaweed aquaculture for carbon uptake and storage. Rivkin, R. B.; Anderson, M. R. (2017). Microbes and ocean biogeochemical. PICES (Invited) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China. March 2018 Rivkin, R. B. (2018). Microbial mediation of ocean carbon pumps: Patterns, processes and limitations. 4th International Symposium on the Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans. Washington DC. USA. June 2018. Anderson, M. R.; Rivkin, R. B.; Liang, Y. (2018). Anthropogenic blue carbon: Assessing the contribution of seaweed aquaculture for carbon uptake and storage. Jiao, N.; Legendre, L.; Rivkin, R. B. (2018). Microbial carbon sequestration in the ocean and climate change. (Invited) Rivkin, R. B. (2018). Anthropogenic effects on biogeochemical processes, carbon export and sequestration: Influence of bacteria-particle interactions on oceanic carbon cycling. Dr. Javier Santander 13th International Congress on the Biology of Fish, July 15 – 19, 2018, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Soto-Davila, M.; Rise, M.L.; Santander, J. (2018). Modulation of the immune response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) primary macrophages by cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) during Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection.

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Soto-Davila, M.; Eslamloo, K.; Hossain, A.; Rise, M.L.; Santander, J. (2018). Immune response induced by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) primary macrophages. Canadian Society of Microbiologist, 68th Annual Conference, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. June 18th-21st, 2018. Hossain, A.; Santander, J. (2018). Effect of Cold-shock proteins (Csp) on Aeromonas salmonicida endogenous chromosomal rearrangement and virulence. Canadian Society for Zoologist, 57th Annual Meeting, May 7-11, 2018, St John´s, Canada Xue, X.; Hall, J.R.; Caballero-solares, A.; Jakob, E.; Kvingedal, R.; Hawes, C.; Pino, J.; Sepulveda, J.; Taylor, R.G.; Santander, J.; Rise, M.L. (2018). Functional genomics analyses of the molecular mechanisms involved in Atlantic salmon responses to the bacterial pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis. Chakraborty, S.; Hossain, A.; Gnanagobal, H.; Cao, T.; Boyce, D.; Santander, J. (2018). Infection and vaccination of Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) against Aeromonas salmonicida. Soto-Davila, M. A.; Rise, M.L.; Santander, J. (2018). Effects of vitamin D₃ on Aeromonas salmonicida infection in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) primary macrophages. (Best Poster). Smith N. C.; Christian, S.L.; Taylor, R.G.; Santander, J.; Rise, M.L. (2018). Immune modulatory properties of 6-gingerol and resveratrol in Atlantic salmon macrophages. Aquaculture Canada. May 27-30, 2018, Quebec City, Canada. Rise, M. L.; Caballero-Solares, A.; Xue, X.; Hall, J.R.; Eslamloo, K.; Smith, N.C.; Inkpen, S.M.; Katan, T.; Parrish, C.C.; Umasuthan, N.; Parrish, K.S.; Rajabi, H.; Christian, S.L.; Santander, J.; Kvingedal, R.; Jacob, E.; Hawes, C.; Piño, J.; Sepulveda, J.; Fast, M.D.; Taylor, R.G. (2018). Atlantic salmon nutrigenomics: toward development of novel diets to improve fish health. (Keynote Speaker) Aquaculture, Fisheries and Biology Conference. March 9-11, 2018, St John´s, Canada Soto-Davila, M. A.; Santander, J. (2018). Immune response of Atlantic cod primary macrophages to Aeromonas salmonicida infection. Aquaculture, Fisheries and Biology Conference.

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International Fishing Industry Safety and Health Conference. St. John´s, Canada. June 10-13, 2018. Neis, B.; Knott, C.; Finnis, J.; Zhiwei, G.; Lorenzo, M.; Santander, J.; Khan, F. (2018). Aquaculture OHS in Canada. Newfoundland Aquaculture Industry Association, R&D Coordination and Communication Workshop. March 1, 2018, St John´s, Canada Santander, J. (2018). Microbial Pathognesis and Vaccinology of Aquatic Organisms. Dr. Rachel Sipler South African Stromatolites: The role of modern day fossils in coastal nutrient cycles. Bigelow Laboratory. Booth Bay Harbour, ME, USA, 2018. (Invited) The Changing Arctic Nitrogen Cycle. Dalhousie University. Halifax, NS, Canada, 2018. (Invited) Nutrient cycling in a changing Arctic: Understanding the Land-Sea Continuum. Rhodes University. Grahamstown, South Africa, 2018. (Invited) Nutrient cycling in a changing Arctic: Understanding the Land-Sea Continuum. South African Environmental Observing Network. Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 2018. (Invited) The changing Alaskan Arctic. Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Gloucester Point, VA, USA, 2017. (Invited) Who needs heat? Nitrogen cycling in an ice-free Arctic. Oregon State University. Corvallis, OR, USA, 2017. (Invited) Where the land meets the sea: nutrient cycling in the coastal Alaskan Arctic. Université Laval. Quebec City, QC, Canada, 2017. (Invited) Ocean Sciences Meeting. Portland, OR, USA. Feb 11th-16th, 2018.

Goni, M.A.; Juranek, l.w.; Hales, R.B.; Sipler, R.E.; Bronk, D.A. (2018). Particulate organic matter distributions in the water column of western Arctic Ocean during later open-water season. Poster.

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Harding, K.J.; Turk-Kubo, K.; Sipler, R.E.; Bronk, D.A.; Zehr, J. (2018). Distribution of the Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacteria Symbiont UCYN-A in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Ocean Sciences Meeting. Portland, OR, USA. Talk.

Sedlack, J.A.; Sipler, R.E.; Roberts, Q.N.; Stanley, B.; Norton, E.Z.; Bronk, D.A. (2018). Salinity Mediated Release of Ammonium from Treated Wastewater. Ocean Sciences Meeting. Portland, OR, USA. Poster.

Sedlack, J.A.; Sipler, R.E.; Roberts, Q.N.; Stanley, B.; Norton, E.Z.; Bronk, D.A. (2018). Nitrogen Pollution from Municipal Wastewater in Chesapeake Bay. Ocean Sciences Meeting. Portland, OR, USA. Talk.

Stanley, B.; Sipler, R.E.; Roberts, Q.N.; Norton, E.Z.; Killberg-Thoreson, L.; Bronk, D.A. (2018). Influence of Wastewater Effluent Treatment and Disinfection on DON and Chlorophyll in a Chesapeake Bay Tributary. Ocean Sciences Meeting. Portland, OR, USA. Talk. Dr. Paul Snelgrove Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing European Seas Annual Meeting, Barcelona, Spain, May 22-25th, 2018 (Invited) Zoological Education Trust, Canadian Society of Zoologists, St. John’s, May 13th-17th, 2018. (Invited) PICES (North Pacific Marine Science Org.) Symposium on Transition Areas, Mexico, June 4th-8th, 2018. (Invited) United Nations Side Event on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction, New York, April 14-16th, 2018. (Invited). World Conference on Marine Biodiversity, Montreal, Quebec, May 13th-16th, 2018. Snelgrove, PVR. (2018). Sustaining Marine Biodiversity in Canada and Globally: A Tribute to Dick Haedrich. Campanyà i Llovet, N.; Snelgrove, P.V.R. (2018). Macroinfaunal communities and food webs from Barkley methane hydrates (British Columbia): The role of food patchiness in space and time.

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Le Corre, N.; Pepin, P.; Han, G.; Snelgrove, P.V.R. (2018) Assessing connectivity patterns within Newfoundland and Labrador shrimp population. Miatta, M.; Snelgrove, P.V.R. (2018). Biological and environmental drivers of deep-sea benthic ecosystem functioning in Canada's Laurentian Channel Area of Interest (AOI) (poster)

Workshop on Deep Ocean Observation Initiative, Seattle WA, Aug 2018 (Invited) Workshop to prepare EU RISE proposal on ecological tools, Brest, France Dec 2017 (Invited) JBARB Innovation Norway Workshop - Norway/ Canada Aquaculture Tour and Meetings, St. John’s, NL Canada 2018 Boyce, D. (2018) Atlantic Canada / Norway Aquaculture. (Invited) Zoetis staff in Stavanger, Norway,2018 Boyce, D. (2018) Cleaner Fish Strategies in Atlantic Canada.(Invited)

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FACULTY PROFILES

DR. MARK ABRAHAMS Associate Vice President (Research) Pro Tempore http://www.mun.ca/osc/mabrahams/bio.php Research Interests: Research investigates the impacts and ramifications of predator prey interactions within aquatic ecosystems using computer models, laboratory experiments and field research. Current research is investigating the impact of changes in the visual environment and how this impacts the relative sensory abilities of predators, their prey, the nature of

their interactions, and the ultimate impact this will have on habitat quality. We are also working on the relation between environmental predictability and scale and the consequences of creating predictability at anomalous scales on ecosystem function. Part of this work includes ongoing research using hydroacoustic surveys to measure the relative distribution of marine fishes, phyto and zooplankton, and large predators.

DR. AMANDA BATES https://www.mun.ca/osc/abates/bio.php Research Interests: Using a macroecological approach Dr. Bates tries to understand how the resilience and functioning of natural systems is changing in response to anthropogenic impacts. Her research spans biological scales from whole organism physiology up to global biomes; by linking patterns observed at the individual-, community- and ecosystem-level we aim to understand the ecological impacts of environmental change. DR. WILLIAM DRIEDZIC http://www.mun.ca/osc/wdriedzic/bio.php Research Interests: Current research activities focus on carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism, in marine fish and other selected species. They are addressing the biochemical solutions to survival under conditions of low temperature, low oxygen, and low food availability. The new information generated provides an intellectual connect from molecular biology, through

biochemistry to physiological ecology. Work at the OSC is supplemented by capitalizing upon how fish survive under anoxic and high temperature conditions in the Amazon, and the physiology of fast growing cephalopods found in southern Portugal. In another context, our studies are setting the stage for practical and powerful applications in the area of marine biomedicine.

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DR. IAN FLEMING http://www.mun.ca/osc/ifleming/bio.php Research Interests: The research in my laboratory addresses fundamental questions about the way in which animals respond to their environment (phenotypically and evolutionarily) and aims to provide a foundation for the understanding of central issues in biological conservation and management. It focuses on the evolutionary and behavioural ecology of fishes, with an emphasis on breeding system evolution, life history diversity, phenotypic

plasticity, maternal effects and survival strategies. We have worked extensively on the management and conservation of wild fish populations, including the restoration of endangered and threatened populations, and interactions between aquaculture and wild fish. A range of scientific approaches are used, from controlled laboratory experiments to large-scale field experiments, as well as more theoretical studies.

DR. PATRICK GAGNON http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~pgagnon/ Research Interests: Dr. Gagnon’s research program investigates factors and processes that govern the structure and function of cold marine benthic ecosystems. By integrating perspectives from ecology, oceanography, phycology, physiology, remote sensing, GIS technology, and modeling, his research group currently addresses fundamental and applied questions in four areas involving invertebrates and seaweeds: 1) controls and stability of

subtidal benthic communities, 2) habitat modification and facilitation in subtidal benthic communities, 3) ecology of marine invasive species at their northern distribution limits, and 4) broad-scale mapping and study of dynamics of shallow benthic assemblages.

DR. KURT GAMPERL http://www.mun.ca/osc/kgamperl/bio.php Research Interests: Dr. Gamperl is a fish physiologist whose goal is to understand how environmental and physiological variables interact to affect fish biology. This research uses a multi-level (whole animal, organ/tissue, cellular, genomic) approach to test hypotheses about how environmental conditions (temperature, oxygen, depth, domestication) affect metabolism, swimming performance, cardiovascular function and stress physiology, and

how life history and ecology influence the design of physiological systems. He uses a variety of marine and anadromous (those that can go between fresh and salt water) fishes in his research, and the questions he addresses often have implications for fish ecology and/or aquaculture.

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DR. IAIN MCGAW http://www.mun.ca/osc/ijmcgaw/bio.php My research program investigates the ecophysiology and behaviour of marine invertebrates. Most of the work has focused on crustaceans and echinoderms, in particular how animals use respiratory and cardiovascular mechanisms when adapting to environmental change. Recently we have been investigating digestive processes in crustaceans and how animals modulate mechanical digestion, enzyme activity and protein synthesis.

Many of these findings are applicable to fisheries or aquaculture. I am also interested in crustacean behaviour; how various behaviours often have a physiological basis and help adapt the animal to changes in environmental conditions. We use both lab and field based approaches to answer these questions. Most of the species we work on are found locally around Newfoundland. I also have long standing ties with the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre on Vancouver Island and return regularly to work on the wide array of species found on the west coast. I have also started some projects at the Cape Eleuthera Institute in the Bahamas.

DR. ANNIE MERCIER http://www.mun.ca/osc/amercier/bio.php Research Interests: Dr. Mercier’s research examines the interactions between benthic organisms and environmental factors at various scales. Research questions are addressed using a wide spectrum of approaches and techniques, typically combining field samplings and experimental trials with microscopic/cellular analyses. Her studies are centered on echinoderms, cnidarians, mollusks and crustaceans from tropical and cold waters, and

from the deep sea. The core of Dr. Mercier’s work focuses on the environmental drivers of gamete synthesis, spawning, larval development, settlement, growth and activity patterns. She also studies chronobiology and the role of social dialogs in reproductive coordination. Parallel segments of her research cover the effects of ocean acidification on biological processes under realistic conditions, and various aspects of functional and evolutionary ecology, including the adaptive value of reproductive strategies and offspring phenotypes. Applied studies are also conducted in her lab, for instance on the conservation and management of sea cucumbers, and the development of biomarkers of contamination in cold-water benthic organisms.

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DR. UTA PASSOW Canada Research Chair Tier 1 in Biological Oceanographic Processes https://www.mun.ca/osc/upassow/Index.php Research Interests: Dr. Passow’s research is focused on understanding the functioning of biological carbon pumps and drivers of carbon cycling in the ocean. The role of marine particles, including marine snow, in the distribution of oil, as well as the impact of climate change (ocean warming and acidification) on phytoplankton aggregation and sedimentation have been two focal points of her recent research efforts. Dr. Passow approaches each topic by combining targeted laboratory experiments, mesocosm

studies and field investigations, and collaborate closely with modellers, who are interested in these processes.

DR. CHRIS PARRISH http://www.mun.ca/osc/cparrish/bio.php Research Interests: Dr. Parrish works at the intersection of chemistry and biology in the area of aquatic lipid research with an emphasis on nutritional and biomarker lipids in marine food webs. Lipids are of particular interest as they are very important energy sources in aquatic ecosystems and aquaculture, and some are essential for normal cellular function. Some are also versatile biomarkers that can be used in trophic studies with the help of multivariate statistics to delineate carbon cycling and transfer of material.

DR. MATT RISE http://www.mun.ca/osc/mrise/bio.php Research Interests: During the past year, Dr. Rise's research program utilized functional genomics tools and techniques to identify and study the expression of genes involved in fish responses to various diets, environmental stressors, and immune stimuli. In addition, molecular techniques were used in his lab to characterize and study the expression of several fish genes that are important for antibacterial and antiviral immune

responses [e.g. interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family members]. The research conducted in Dr. Rise’s lab provides novel information on the genetic basis of biological processes/responses that are key to fish health, and lays the groundwork for applied projects such as the development of new strategies for combating fish diseases (e.g. molecular diagnostics, clinical diets, and therapeutics) and molecular tests (e.g. molecular biomarker QPCR assays) for assessing the impact of pathogens and other stressors (e.g. heat stress) on farmed and wild fish.

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DR. RICHARD RIVKIN http://www.mun.ca/osc/rrivkin/bio.php Research Interests: Dr. Rivkin has internationally recognized research programmes studying the microbial food web dynamics and their influence on the cycling of organic material on ocean-climate interactions. His research studies the physiological ecology of phytoplankton and microbial food web processes in temperate and tropical oceans and in the Antarctic and assessing and modeling the role of microbes in controlling oceanic biogeochemistry at global scales, and their effects on ocean-climate

interactions. This research is at the critical interfaces of microbial ecology, ocean biogeochemistry and climate. In addition he has, or had, several programmes in “applied” research areas such as the effects shellfish aquaculture and offshore oil production on microbial dynamics, marine habitats and ecosystem carrying capacity and invasive species.

DR. JAVIER SANTANDER http://www.faculty.mun.ca/jsantander/ Research Interests: Dr. Santander´s research interests are mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and fish immunity towards vaccine development. Research in Santander´s lab includes classic and molecular bacteriology, genetic engineering and recombinant DNA, functional genomics and fish assays to identify and study key mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and discover of protective antigens for commercially cultured fish species. Also,

we are conducting research on bacteriophage biology and bacteriophage prophylaxis.

DR. DAVID SCHNEIDER http://www.mun.ca/osc/dschneider/ Research Interests: The problem of scale in environmental biology is that pressing problems are often at the scale of decades and entire ecosystems, while measurements are usually constrained to small areas and brief periods. Patterns and process that prevail at small scales do not necessarily prevail at large scales. Of particular interest was the logical basis for scaling from sample to population, as it developed in theory and in the practice of statistics in the 20th century.

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DR. RACHEL SIPLER Canada Research Chair Tier 2 Ocean Biogeochemistry https://www.mun.ca/osc/rsipler/index.php Research Interests: Dr. Sipler’s research is interdisciplinary and combines biogeochemistry, microbial physiology, and phytoplankton ecology to quantify how changes in the physical and chemical environment may impact marine microbial community composition, metabolic rates and aquatic food webs. Although the focus of her research has varied from constrained mechanistic studies investigating the response of specific

phytoplankton species to a single organic matter source, to complex studies examining community scale microbial responses to an array of physical and chemical changes, the overarching goal of her research remains the same: to determine how marine phytoplankton and bacterial communities will respond to changes in their environment.

DR. PAUL SNELGROVE Director Canadian healthy Oceans Network (CHONe) http://www.mun.ca/osc/psnelgrov/bio.php Research Interests: Dr. Snelgrove’s interests include marine community ecology, larval ecology and connectivity of fish and benthic invertebrates, biodiversity, hydrodynamic effects on benthic communities and populations, deep-sea ecology, coral reef ecology, disturbance and anthropogenic impacts, and marine conservation.

DR. JOE WROBLEWSKI http://www.mun.ca/osc/jwroblewski/bio.php Research Interests: Dr. Joe Wroblewski’s research involves field studies and computer simulation modeling of changes in marine ecosystems in response to human activity, such as commercial fishing, natural resource development, and anthropogenic climate change. He and his students are investigating how a warmer climate would affect the Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystem, with a focus on the marine wildlife of the Gros Morne National Park region along the west coast of Newfoundland. Bonne Bay is a fjord-

estuary near the southern boundary of the National Park. Field research conducted by Dr. Wroblewski and his colleagues at Memorial University is establishing the science basis for designating Bonne Bay as a National Marine Conservation Area.

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Emeritus Faculty DR. GARTH FLETCHER http://www.mun.ca/osc/gfletcher/bio.php Research Interests: Dr. Fletcher’s research program focuses on antifreeze fish proteins (AFP) and their genes. These proteins, present in a wide variety of fish species inhabiting polar and sub polar/temperate oceans, play an essential role in the colonization of such potentially lethal environments. Antifreeze proteins bind to and thereby prevent the growth of embryonic ice crystals that form within the fish’s extracellular fluids effectively lowering the fish’s freezing point; thus giving the fish a margin of safety that

correlates with the severity of the environment inhabited. Characterization of the AFP types and of the genes controlling antifreeze production is providing valuable information on both antifreeze protein evolution, and on fish species evolution and population structure. Antifreeze protein gene research has led to the development of AFP and chimeric growth hormone gene constructs that can be used for the production of genetically modified fish for use in aquaculture.

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OCEAN SCIENCES REPORTS

COLD-OCEAN DEEP-SEA RESEARCH FACILITY

The Cold-Ocean Deep-Sea Research Facility (CDRF) provides researchers with access to state-of-the-art infrastructure and equipment for studying life from the level of the whole organism down to the microscopic. It has been designed specifically for the study of freshwater and

marine organisms, especially those from the cold waters of the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans. The unique capabilities of the facility also allow us to support researchers from a variety of medical, industrial and environmental fields.

The CDRF is structured as a shared user scientific platform with equipment available for use by the staff, faculty and students of the Department of Ocean Sciences or other departments of the university. Analytical services and research collaborations are also conducted by the expert staff of the CDRF with outside industry, academic and government partners. A brief description of projects for this year follows (with principal investigators or staff in parentheses).

Containment zone operations

The containment zone completed a significant expansion in disease challenge capacity by reconfiguring existing space to hold additional tanks for aquaculture fish species. This has allowed concurrent experiments to occur in two separate disease challenge spaces this year.

Dr. Javier Santander has initiated experiments examining virulence of bacterial pathogens in lumpfish and the efficacy of vaccines against them. The CDRF containment zone facility allows his group to collect fundamental knowledge on infections in this species which is in high demand as a sea-lice cleaner fish on aquaculture farms.

This year’s set of trails for the “integrated pathogen management of co-infection in Atlantic salmon project (IPMC)”, examining the combined effects of sea-lice and other pathogens which impact fish farms, was concluded. This project will start new trials in the fall of 2018.

The dry lab spaces continue to be used to support cell culture work which allows for in vitro assays for cell physiology, nutraceutical and pathology applications.

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The CDRF containment zone helps accelerate research into ways to solve the problems disease can bring to the growing aquaculture industry of NL and the region. Staff and management at the CDRF (G. Nash, S. Hill) play a critical role in maintaining the facility in good standing with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s Office of Biohazard Containment and Safety through annual recertifications.

Environmental Effects Monitoring

We continue to work with Wood (formerly AMEC-Foster Wheeler) to support the health impacts component of their Environmental Effects Monitoring program (EEM). This program assesses potential impacts on commercial fish species near the Hibernia offshore oil and gas operations as well as at the Hebron site. Each season, gill, liver and blood samples of American plaice (Hippoglosoides platessoides) are provided to the CDRF for histopathological, haematological and toxicological assessments. This ongoing work is an important component of assuring the environmental safety and compliance of these offshore operations.

Deep-sea research

We continue to provide deep-sea testing services to pressure test equipment housings used in marine applications such as deep-sea cameras (SubC Imaging). New work was undertaken in the deep-sea pressure chambers to examine the physiological responses of lumpfish to hydrostatic pressure changes (K. Gamperl). This is the first year that a vertebrate species has successfully been utilized in our deep-sea systems.

Analytical laboratory

Our analytical capacity includes a full histology suite, scanning electron microscope (SEM), flow cytometer / cell sorter, confocal and other optical microscopes. Students from the department made use of the SEM to image small specimens in high resolution, such as the larval stages of marine invertebrates (A. Mercier). Our flow cytometer is being used by the Department of Biochemistry to examine protein expression, immune system regulation and signalling (S. Christian) and cytokine expression in human breast milk and blood (S. Cheema). The flow cytometer is also used to examine a variety of fish health indicators including the immune responses of Atlantic salmon in function feed experiments (M. Rise), intracellular bacterial counting and cell sorting (J. Santander) and analysis of white blood cells in Atlantic salmon (K. Gamperl). Most of these assays were developed with the help of the CDRF’s staff (N. Smith, S. Hill). Our confocal microscope is being used to study protein expression in breast cancer cell lines

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(S. Christian, M. Berry) as well as studying bacterial infection in the immune cells of Atlantic Salmon (J. Santander, M. Rise).

The histology lab received a variety of specimens to prepare for microscopy this year in addition to those described above for EEM. This included skin and fin tissues from lice infection studies of Atlantic salmon (M. Rise), lumpfish eyes (B. Gendron) and lumpfish spleen, liver and head kidney (J. Santander).

The digital slide scanner is being used by our department and others from the medical faculty and Eastern Health to produce high resolution scans of complete slides for digital analysis. A variety of protocols have now been established to image both normal and fluorescent slides.

Studies on microplastic ingestion in zooplankton and secondary ingestion in fish continue to make use the CDRF’s fluorescent microscopy capacity and technical expertise (S. Hill, M. Liboiron).

Education of staff and students has become an important function of the CDRF. Students are educated in biocontainment operations, use of the deep-sea and analytical equipment. Many students have learnt how to independently operate advanced equipment and facilities that would otherwise be unavailable to them. Overall, the CDRF has continued to play an important role in developing new methods with our collaborators across a wide variety of scientific fields.

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DR. JOE BROWN AQUATIC RESEARCH BUILDING

The Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB) provides facilities designed to support research, training, pre-commercial production, and small-scale commercial trials, on aquaculture related species (finfish and shellfish). Separate tanks and rooms are available for broodstock conditioning, paired mating, physiological aspects of marine finfish, hatchery, first feeding / nursery operations, and grow-out. Live food production can deliver quantities of rotifers and Artemia daily.

The JBARB carries out research in collaboration with Memorial University, government departments, scientists and industry partners. The aquaculture potential of various finfish and shellfish species is being evaluated through the study of broodstock biology, physiology, genomics, fish health (cleaner fish and vaccine) and the development of larval and on-growing rearing techniques. In 2017-2018, the JBARB has provided research based tours for 240 visitors, including researchers, government officials, and industry members from Canada, United States, Denmark, Europe, France, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Scotland and Spain. The facility also helped in the training of five Memorial work-term students, two part time worker students, three MUCEP students, 18 graduate students, two post-doctoral fellows. And industry training JBARB core staff consisted of one facility and business manager, five full time aquaculture research staff and two part timers. Current Projects Atlantic Cod Broodstock - Memorial University continues to hold cod broodstock for the evaluation of numerous optimization processes which can lead to increased survival, hatch rates and eventual growth and performance of cod larvae from selective cod broodstock. Improving Sustainability and Mitigating the Challenges of Aquaculture. Dr. Matt Rise, Lead of Research Module I “” Ocean Frontier Institute (OFI), funded by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF). (~ $100M).

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The goal of aquaculture in the marine environment is to add farmed animals to a natural ecosystem, while maintaining ecosystem health. To achieve this, management of aquaculture requires sustainable practices that are effective in a dynamic and challenging ocean environment where water quality, climate effects and the risk of disease are not completely controlled. In this program, researchers will work with industry partners to improve practices and examine fish health and resiliency. This research is divided into five components, which aim to:

1. Develop sustainable and therapeutic diets for Atlantic salmon, including plant-based sources of feed that will enable the industry to reduce its reliance on fish meal and oil.

2. Understand and mitigate the effects of pathogens and climate change on fish health. This research will examine the capacity of Atlantic salmon to tolerate low oxygen and higher than normal temperatures, and to identify how their physiology, immunology and disease resistance are affected.

3. Develop sustainable control measures for pathogens of cultured fishes. This research includes the development of efficient and sustainable methods to control parasites and pathogens.

4. Lessen the impact of aquaculture on the environment and on wild fish populations. Key aspects to be investigated include aquaculture escapes, the response of wild fish communities to cage sites, impacts of aquaculture on the seafloor ecosystem, and waste management/bioprocessing (primarily shell and fish carcasses).

5. Identify alternative aquaculture species to diversify Canada’s already strong aquaculture industry. This research will initially examine two candidate species that have been identified as having significant market potential: sablefish and sea cucumber.

Integrated Pathogen Management of Co-infection in Atlantic salmon (partnership with EWOS Innovation). $4.5M M.L. Rise (academic lead) and R. Taylor (Industry lead, EWOS Innovation). 2016-2019 The scientific team, led by Dr. Matthew Rise (MUN), Dr. Richard Taylor (Cargill Innovation Centre), and Dr. Mark Fast (UPEI), is using functional genomics tools to identify co-infection biomarkers (i.e., genes that respond to co-infection). EWOS/Cargill will use this information to develop therapeutic diets that reduce salmon disease and mortality due to co-infection. The integrated pathogen management system that results from this research will benefit the broader Canadian salmon industry. Its uptake and application could reduce co-infection losses by as much as 20 per cent overall and by as much as 50 per cent for some diseases. This could translate into savings of up to $57 million annually for the Canadian aquaculture industry. Reduced disease will also enhance consumer acceptance of farmed salmon products,

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decrease the use of chemical treatments, and minimize the risk of transmitting pathogens to wild salmon populations. Biomarker Platform for Commercial Aquaculture Feed Development (partnership with EWOS Innovation). $1.1 million from Genome Canada, $2.7 million from EWOS Innovation. M.L. Rise (Academic Lead) and R. Taylor (Industry Lead, EWOS Innovation). (2014-2018) In the Genome Canada-funded Biomarker Platform for Commercial Aquaculture Feed Development project, launched in 2014, Dr. Matthew Rise, Dr. Richard Taylor (Cargill Aqua Nutrition), EWOS and other collaborators are identifying and validating salmon genes related to growth, for inclusion in a biomarker panel. From individual fish, the researchers analyze the expression of approximately 30 genes associated with disease response and growth to determine the effects of various feeds and ingredients at the genomic level. One example of this is the impact of diet on lipid metabolism or antiviral immune response. The process of translating that information into better-quality feed is about more than just boosting immunity. The genetic biomarkers enable researchers to track what each pathogen or other immune stimulus does to salmon and what a potential treatment does when added to salmon feed. Molecular Basis of Fish Defenses against Viruses. NSERC Discovery $31,000 per year. M.L. Rise. (Principal Investigator). Use functional genomics and other approaches to study and compare the genes, gene products, and mechanisms involved in immune responses during different life stages of teleost fish from embryo to adult. Atlantic salmon and Atlantic cod are used as models in this research. In addition to providing valuable information on the molecular basis of early and later life stage fish defence responses, these studies may lead to the development of molecular tools for studying the potential impacts of pathogens and other stressors on wild and cultured fish populations. 2012-2020 Culturing American Oysters in Newfoundland. Research and development into creating a sustainable Newfoundland oyster industry by importing stock to make a genetically viable population in province while breeding with local species to take advantage of environmental adaptation. (Badger Bay Mussel Farms Ltd.). On-Going Developing Tools and Solutions to Mitigate and Control Sea Lice on Cultured Atlantic Salmon- Dr. Garth Fletcher and Mr. Danny Boyce. The Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada, in partnership with the Salmon Health Consortium, is currently working with salmon growers (Cold Ocean Salmon Inc.), government

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officials, therapeutant suppliers and researchers (JBARB staff, Mr. Danny Boyce, Dr. Fletcher-DOS, Dr. Keng Pee Ang and Mr. Sheldon George) to develop the elements of an integrated pest management program for sea lice. The key elements of the program are prevention, monitoring and intervention, which parallel the designs of established integrated pest management programs in agriculture. On-Going Cleaner Fish Broodstock Development and Research Production- Clients Grieg NL & Marine Harvest Atlantic Canada - Mr. Danny Boyce and JBARB Staff. Cleaner fish broodstock development and research production for various year classes. (On-Going) Studies of the Visual System of C. Lumpus – Dr. Robert Gendron, Dr. Helene Paradis. Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus L. (C. lumpus) rely on a healthy visual system for fitness, to hunt their prey, or, in the case of aquaculture, to see and eat pelleted aquaculture diets. Cyclopterus lumpus eggs are harvested for human consumption and C. lumpus have more recently been used as a biological delousing agent in aquaculture. Our studies in the past year depending on the staff and facilities resources available at JBARB are three fold. The first are much needed baseline studies. At a basic scientific level, the visual system of C. lumpus has not been studied. We have shown, through JBARB dependent work of the past year, that cultured post hatch developmental stage C. lumpus possess novel ocular and retinal features. This new knowledge of novel features of the eye and retina of cultured C. lumpus could contribute to a general understanding of fitness and survival of C. lumpus in a widely ranging habitat. The second aspect of our studies of C. lumpus is driven by funding we have received through the Vitamin Research Fund of OFI and directly relies on JBARB resources and collaborations with OSC researchers. The vitamin related work facilitates a new collaboration on use of lumpfish as a model fish for exploring the role of dietary vitamin A metabolism and regulation in visual growth and development and fitness of the teleost family. The research explores how C. lumpus react to varying levels of vitamin A, will provide new knowledge on the role of dietary vitamin A in the fitness of fish and will have direct impacts on success of the aquaculture industry by providing a better understanding of efficacy of aquaculture diets. Finally, the third research focus dependent upon JBARB are studies of age related vision health and naturally occurring age related eye conditions in the C. lumpus colonies at JBARB. These studies will help us better understand and potentially address cultured C. lumpus vision health.

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Investigate the Use of Cleaner Fish Technologies as a Natural Way of Controlling Sea Lice at Salmon Aquaculture Cage Sites- Ocean Frontier Institute (OFI) Funding. Module J, Activity 3.5. – Mr. Danny Boyce and JBARB Staff. Project involves- wild broodstock collections and wild/cultured lumpfish broodstock maintenance, egg production, larval and juvenile production. Fish health surveillance- pathogen profiling for new species. (On-Going). Fish Environmental Physiology and Immunology - Dr. Kurt Gamperl. Over the past year, there were several research projects that were dependent upon the facilities and staff of the JBARB. MICCSA (Mitigating the Impact of Climate-Related Challenges on Salmon Aquaculture) research continued in 2017, and OFI (Ocean Frontier Institute) research began, and two groups of salmon were brought from Northern Harvest (Stephenville) and Cape D’Or Sustainable Seafoods (Nova Scotia) to the JBARB, PIT-tagged, and then held until they were transferred to the Laboratory for Atlantic Salmon and Climate Change Research (LASCCR) in the back tank building. Atlantic salmon (~ 1.5 – 3 kg) were also provided by the JBARB, held in the broodstock room, and used for studies on the use of implantable data loggers that record heart rate, activity (accelerometry), temperate and depth. These experiments were very successful, and testing of these devices for studies of salmon welfare and health can now move to the cage-site environment. This MICCSA-supported research is being conducted by M.Sc. student Zoe Zrini. Further, research continued on the effects of changes in temperature and water oxygen levels (hypoxia) on the cardiorespiratory physiology and immunology of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Sablefish were held in various tanks in the JBARB’s first feeding room and were used to determine the thermal and hypoxia tolerance of this species, and for tissue/blood collection. Some of the fish were also transferred into specialized tanks in the JBARB’s broodstock room where they were exposed to normoxic or chronic hypoxic (40% or 20% saturation) conditions. Green Sea Urchin Feed Research – Dr. Pat Gagnon Research on land-based approaches to green sea urchin roe production with state-of-the-art aquaculture feed was carried out as part of a second, local and international partnership between MUN, Pêcheries Shipek S.E.C. (Shipek, Mingan, QC) and Urchinomics (Norway). One experiment, carried out in a custom-built, flow-through raceway installed in the large tank room at the JBARB, examined how urchin stocking density affects urchin health and survival, roe quantity, and feed assimilation efficiency as a second step to determining if the feed can support steady commercial roe production in Newfoundland. Urchins collected from a barrens a few weeks before natural spawning were used to help identify best practices. Information generated from this industry

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collaboration is being used by Shipek to examine the possibility of adding urchin roe to its production line to offer a competitive product on international markets when needed. Dr. Pat Gagnon (Associate Professor, Department of Ocean Sciences, MUN), spearheaded this research with funding he acquired through the NSERC Engage for Universities program. The experiment was carried out by Ms. Julie Jacques, MSc student in Dr. Gagnon’s lab, with the assistance of MUCEP students Cassidy Arnold and Lindsee Clark. The growing consortium is currently working towards addressing further questions relating to both land- and field-based production of urchin roe, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic development opportunities for the province. Evaluating commercial and in-house vaccines against several bacterial pathogens of lumpfish, cunners, sablefish, and Atlantic salmon – Dr. Javier Santander (On-Going). Evaluating commercial and in-house vaccines against several bacterial pathogens of lumpfish, cunners, sablefish, and Atlantic salmon, including Aeromonas salmonicida, Renibacterium salmoninarum, Vibrio anguillarum, Moritella viscosa, and Piscirikettsia salmonis. Dr. Santander’s group are also evaluating oral bioencapsulated bacterial vaccine in Artemia salina for lumpfish larvae. Additionally, they are exploring fundamental aspects of bacterial infectious diseases in primary macrophages of Atlantic salmon, Atlantic cod, and lumpfish. Skretting Marine Hatchery Feeds: Nutreco Global - Mr. Eamonn O’Brien, Philippe Dhert, Danny Boyce and JBARB staff. - We continue to test marine hatchery feed products and maintain live feed (Rotifer) populations. JBARB ongoing. We are a test / bata facility. (On-Going). Clean Feed Hatchery Trial for Cleaner Fish -Skretting Marine Hatchery Feeds, North America- Dr. Steve Backman / Danny Boyce and JBARB staff. - An innovative start feeding program from Skretting that provides specific and advanced nutrition to larvae and juveniles for cleaner fish. Lumpfish Whole Genome Sequencing - DFO –Dr. Ian Bradbury, students and staff, Danny Boyce and JBARB Staff. Ongoing Lumpfish Project. Lumpfish Next Generation Sequencing – University of Guelph –Dr. Elizabeth Boulding and students, Dr. keng Pee Ann, Cooke Aquaculture Inc., Danny Boyce and JBARB Staff. (Ongoing). NSERC Lumpfish and Cunner Project. NSERC Strategic Project has funded work by Professor Elizabeth Boulding’s group on genetically improving sealice removal rates from cultured Atlantic salmon in sea cages by the cunner or the lumpfish. These are the only two suitable facultative marine cleanerfish species yet discovered in Eastern Canada. Complete next generation sequencing to find some SNP markers to conduct parentage analysis.

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Teaching and Education OCSC 3000 Labs. This is the second year that the Ocean Sciences’ Course ‘Aquaculture Principles and Practices’ (OCSC 3000) was offered. Five of the labs in this course were conducted at the JBARB, and delivered with the help of JBARB staff. The labs utilized the newly constructed wet- and dry-labs at the rear of the JBARB, and nearly all rooms of the JBARB facility. Labs were offered in : ‘Fish Husbandry’; ‘Broodstock, and Egg Production and Quality’; ‘First Feeding, Larval Culture, Weaning and Nursery Technology’; ‘Marine Systems, Design and Operations’; and ‘Live Food Technology’. Workshops Atlantic Canada Cleaner Fish Workshop, Newfoundland Aquaculture Industry Association (NAIA), August 9-10th, 2018. St. John’s, NL.

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ENGAGEMENT/PUBLIC OUTREACH

Since 1988 the Department of Ocean Sciences has organized and played a continuous role in public awareness in marine sciences through public and marine science programs. The current public education program (PEP) is a complimentary interactive and interpretive outdoors activity for tourists, school children and local visitors. Features of the program include an outdoor touch tank, where visitors can experience a never - ending variety of local marine life; an outdoor observation platform for viewing our captive population of harp seals; and marine interpreters (MUN summer students) to answer questions and explain current research initiatives at the facility. The program operates seven days a week from June 1st to Labour Day weekend. This past year the program welcomed approximately 22,000 visitors to the Centre, with an additional 3,000 people exposed to our “Traveling Touch Tank” at various locations throughout the Avalon area.

During the year we were able to deliver an outreach program to local schools, visiting primary and elementary schools on the Avalon. Students were introduced to the wonders of the ocean that surrounds Newfoundland while fulfilling some of their learning outcomes, such as the senses, lifecycles and ecosystems. The program was also able to continue its “Travelling Touch Tank” and other on-going outreach initiatives including attending several workshops and events to promote ocean awareness and

education; celebrating Whale Festival with Parks Canada; presenting at the Summer Reading Club at the Provincial Library and visiting other libraries in the area; attending Let’s Talk Science event; Science Rendezvous family event supported through the Faculty of Science; Science Literacy Week; visiting many local day/summer camps, Easter Seals, Johnson Geo Centre, Manuals River Interpretation Centre, St. John’s International Airport; and participating and presenting at the Eastern Newfoundland Regional Science Fair. The Ocean Sciences education program, working in collaboration with the Oceans Learning Partnership (OLP), Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Town of Logy Bay, Middle Cove and Outer Cover, delivered a successful Oceans Day celebration on June 7th at Middle Cove Beach for Grade 5 students from St. Francis (53 students) and Roncalli Elementary Schools (59 students). The aim of this year's event was to have school groups from the surrounding communities participate in the activities as it related to the school's learning outcomes (ecosystems and water system). Proposed activities included a beach clean-up, getting up-close and learning about local marine life through an interactive touch tank and fish viewing containers, interacting with MUN researchers, staff and students, scientific divers, and representatives from our partner organizations to learn about the importance of the ocean in our own backyard, about our impacts on our oceans, and ways for us to protect this wondering and fascinating resource.

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The Department of Ocean Sciences, in collaboration with OLP, delivered a marine biodiversity program for high school students. The OLP is a not for profit corporate entity formed to address the lack of resources and opportunities for the youth of the province to be aware of the oceans, ocean life, oceans related research and technology and opportunities for oceans related education, training and careers. During the fall of 2017 and winter 2018, approximately 583 youth from 20 schools in Mount Pearl, Conception Bay South, St. John’s, Bell Island, Foxtrap, Arnold’s Cove, South Dildo, Bonavista, Placentia, and Avondale participated in the program. The complimentary laboratory based program at OSC focused on hand-on activities, including an invertebrate dichotomous key, fish dissection, animal husbandry, water quality, aquaculture and working with the staff in the seal facility. Furthermore, through collaborations with OLP, the department has taken the lead in driving and coordinating this initiative at the university and has been identified as a partner site, along with Bonne Bay Marine Station and Terra Nova National Park, for the delivery of shore-based education to the Avalon school district. This partnership has also spurred discussions with several funding agencies and potential industry partners to expand public education and engagement initiatives at the Centre. Through a Youth Innovation ($15,000) and Enhancement in Technology ($45,000) fund from Tourism, Culture, Industry and Innovation (TCII) we are able to make signification upgrades to both our outdoor public education program as well our multimedia room. The funds were also used to purchase teaching equipment and supplies for both the High School program and Undergraduate Education.

Aquarium at Champney’s West Over the past 8 years, faculty, staff, and students at the Ocean Sciences Centre have been supporting the community of Champney’s West, Trinity Bay establish a public marine aquarium. This effort lead by Dr. W. Driedzic is considered to be part of our Public Education Program and represents a contribution of the OSC to the Public Engagement activities of Memorial University. The

aquarium was fully opened to the public in the summers of 2017 and 2018 with a team of interpreters guiding 5000+ visitors, each year to view a rich display of local marine fish (e.g. Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon, short-horned sculpin, etc.) and invertebrates (e.g. star fish, sea

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cucumbers, crabs, etc.) in a magnificent setting as evident by the photograph. Plans are to expand the operation of the aquarium to include teaching programs for K-12 students with support from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Government of Canada Public Outreach

Dr. Pat Gagnon

• Development and delivery of hands-on introductory marine science modules in K-12 schools (French)

Dr. Iain McGaw

• Project Committee Member for Salmonid Association of Eastern Newfoundland. Co-PI on a grant for $25K to make educational films for Rogers TV

Dr. Annie Mercier

• Publications in magazines and radio/TV interviews (e.g. Deep Labrador Sea project, L’Heure juste, Radio-Canada Première, 13 July 2018).

• Consultation for an episode of Blue Planet II, BBC Natural History Unit, Sep-Oct 2017.

Dr. Uta Passow

• Podcast on marine snow: https://soundcloud.com/gulfdispatches/gulfcast-ep-48-uta-passow, 2017

• Contribution to text box on DwH spill in text book: The Environment and You, Pearson 2017

• Contributions to “Deepwater Horizon: Where did the oil go?” Oil Spill Science Sea Grant Programs of the Gulf of Mexico GOMSG-G17-006 2017

• Mentor for Biology High school teacher; six-week internship for Sue Squires, Summer Research-Teacher program of the Materials Research Laboratory, 2017

• Featured Research Article: Study develops numerical model for marine oil snow aggregate formation and sinking http://gulfresearchinitiative.org/study-develops-numerical-model-marine-oil-snow-aggregate-formation-sinking/ 2018

• Help with story Board: Where did all the oil go – SOS: from Sea Grant Oil Spill Science Outreach Team http://masgc.org/oilscience/where.did.oil.go.factsheet.pdf 2018

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SEAL FACILITY

The OSC is responsible for the care and maintenance of three harp seals. These animals are housed in the seal compound where they have access to three tanks supplied with a continuous flow of seawater, pumped directly from the ocean. The oldest seal, Babette, came from the Îles de la Madeleine in 1989 as an adult, and her estimated age is 36 years. Tyler also came from the Îles de la Madeleine, but as a pup, in 1990. Babette is the first harp seal known to give birth in captivity and has given birth to many pups in her time here including the youngest seal, Deane, with Tyler as her father. Deane was named after Dr. Deane Renouf, a former Professor of Psychology who initiated the seal research program at the OSC.

The seals are under the care of Christine Vickers and Kylar Frank, student assistants and many volunteers, including undergraduate and high school students. The animals receive herring fortified with a prescribed multi-vitamin and amino acid supplement. The seals are also fed crushed ice on a daily basis, as their primary source of fresh water. In order to ensure that the seals have a clean, healthy environment, their tanks are drained and cleaned on a weekly basis. Each seal is weighed to make sure that they are maintaining a healthy body weight, which fluctuates seasonally. Blood tests are also carried out whenever a medical examination is necessary. In addition to ensuring the health and welfare of the seals, their caregivers provide them with a variety of behavioural tasks designed to enrich the environment in which they live. These include training them to distinguish between different shapes and colours, and understanding the meaning of hand and whistle signals. The seals are rewarded with fish for correct responses to a variety of signals. Many of these environmental enrichment activities have involved students registered with “experiential learning programs” such as Women in Science and Engineering, Memorial's Undergraduate Career Experience Program, and the International Student Work Experience Program. Visits were also made to the Facility by school groups as part of the curriculum including

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MUN Psychology/Biology 4770, Biology 3710, OCSC 4122 and OCSC 1000 classes. This year there were 20 high school classes that visited and partook in training the seals to do “Match-to-sample” training, among other labs. The Seal facility has also hosted visits from Academic institutions, such as Academy Canada, hoping to gain experience and training in animal husbandry. The seal caregivers speak with the public about the seals and their environmental enrichment training programs on a regular basis. Current research involves a Master’s project co-supervised by Dr. Ted Miller from the Biology department, and Dr. Garry Stenson from DFO. This project started in September 2016 and is looking at the growth rates and shedding patterns of the seal’s vibrissae to learn more about how stable isotope analysis can be applied to determine the trophic level of their diet.

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FIELD SERVICES UNIT

The Field services Unit (FSU) of the Ocean Sciences Centre (OSC) supports most field work and research conducted by OSC faculty, staff and students. The unit is composed of three scientific divers and equipped with a 3 meter Zodiac, 5 meter Boston Whaler, and a brand new 5 ton multipurpose diving support vehicle which gives the unit the ability to dive and work

in the field year-round, the unit also has an in-house SCUBA compressor as well as a portable SCUBA Compressor for longer isolated field work. Memorial University is one of the few universities in Canada with a scientific dive team that adhere to the Canadian Association of Underwater Science Standard (CAUS). The unit also collects and transports live specimens via one or two 2000L live tanks and two 100lb oxygen tanks secured to the dive truck for several departments of the University, including the Marine Institute and Bonne Bay Marine Station in Norris Point. FSU also support external agencies such as the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture (DFA), Ontario Science Centre, and Oceans Ltd. Furthermore the unit often collects and transports live and preserved specimens to other facilities and academic institutions both in Canada and internationally.

Over the 2018 season, the FSU was involved with many projects for students, faculty, and staff both in the labs and in the field. Last year the dive team had an approximate total of 250 combined dives with a bottom time of around 175 hours, almost seven and a half full days spent under water. The primary focus of the FSU is for marine scientific collections that aid in the teaching of multiple university level biology courses and obtaining specimens for the Ocean Science Centre’s Public Education Program through SCUBA and many other collection techniques such as beach seines. FSU have begun assisting with two new multiyear projects dealing with Eel grass restoration and reef life surveys. The FSU role in the Eel Grass project is to hand plant eel grass using a variety of techniques followed with continual monitoring and surveying of the new beds and artificial reefs. The Eel Grass restoration will continue over the next 5 years with researchers at the Marine Institute. The divers have also started training for Reef Life Surveys

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with Dr. Amanda Bates in order to aid her lab with a global data base for reef life surveys with hopes to start surveying, recording and adding data into the Global data bank for reef life.

The FSU was the stand by divers for the MATE ROV competition held at Marine Institute Obstacle courses. The FSU had to be set up in the MI flume tank for different classes of ROV competition and then re-set the course after each team completed the tasks set for them. They have also continued on with work from last season’s monitoring of anti-fouling plates through video and camera work, small plates were painted with various anti fouling paints and set in different harbours. Observations were made around once a month to determine which paints worked the best to alleviate marine growth.

The unit was again involved with a JBARB Project, “Cleaner Fish - Developing Tools and Solutions to Mitigate and Control Sea Lice on Cultured Atlantic Salmon”, where they aided with the collection and transport of mature Cyclopterus lumpus (lumpfish) and egg masses in order for JBARB facility to incubate, captive breed, and hatch out any egg masses to eventually use in fish farms as a way to remove parasites from farmed salmon. As part of the ongoing research in aquaculture, the unit transports live farmed salmon, cod and rainbow trout from the Bay D’Espoir area, Pools Cove, as well as a hatchery located in Stephenville back to the Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB) and Marine Institute while continually supplying and monitoring oxygen levels and fish health during transport. The FSU team have an impressive 97% survival rate during fish transfers.

Over the past 12 years the unit has been involved in a collaborative project between DFO, DFA, and the OSC into detection and monitoring of aquatic invasive species in Newfoundland and Labrador. Continual monitoring of a destructive invasive known as Vase Tunicate, Ciona intestinalis, in the Placentia Bay area and with video transect surveys and samples. Divers from the unit have also been focused on conducting surveys to monitor the spread of green crab, Carcinus maenas, in Placentia Bay area but have expanded the monitoring to include areas near Trinity Bay, Springdale, Botwood, Lewisport and Twillingate. In collaboration with DFO and MUN, the FSU have also been continually

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monitoring the presence and spread of the violet tunicate, Botrylloides violaceus, an invasive colonial tunicate in Belleoram as well as the invasive tunicate golden star (Botryllus schlosseri) in Marystown area and recently expanded monitoring to Conception Bay and multiple sites in Placentia Bay. This on-going project has promising results for understanding the life cycle, habitat, and possible mitigation measures. The project is part of the Government of Canada’s Action Plan to address the threat of aquatic invasive species

The FSU’s aim for the coming year will be continued monitoring and restoration of Eel Grass beds as well as starting to add to the global Reef Life data bank and assisting with student diver needs. Continued involvement with JBARB cleaner fish project, monitoring the known invasive species such as Green crab and tunicates while making biological collections for Memorial University’s researchers, students and public education programs. When possible, the FSU aids in the mitigation of the invasive species and continually report any findings back to DFO. The unit continues to play an integral role in the research activities of the OSC and to provide support to other organizations as requested.

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OCEAN SCIENCES GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION (OSGSA)

 The Ocean Sciences Graduate Student Association (OSGSA) is a ratified association through the Graduate Students Union (GSU) for students who work and study at the Ocean Science Centre  (OSC). The OSGSA aims to improve graduate life at the OSC by providing graduate support in terms of academic development and social events. The OSGSA is made up of an executive board (Chairperson, Treasurers, Social Coordinator, Seminar Series Coordinator, and GSU Representative) and includes all students at the OSC.  Each week during the Fall and Winter semesters, the OSGSA funds, organizes, and presents the “Ocean Sciences Seminar Series”, giving

faculty and students the opportunity to attend academic seminars based on marine research being conducted in Newfoundland or elsewhere. In the past, OSGSA has presented seminars from speakers from within the university, the industry sector (AMEC Foster Wheeler, LGL Limited, The Arctic Eider Society, Nature Conservancy Canada) and the government (Fisheries and Oceans Canada) which provides students with information about current research and contacts needed for their future careers. In 2018, we had speakers from Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Azurigen, World Wildlife Fund, NL, and two visiting speakers from Rhodes University in South Africa. This series attracts faculty, post-doctorate researchers, graduate students and undergraduate students from all backgrounds within the university, and continues to attract larger audiences. Beginning in Fall 2017, we started a new graduate student development mini-series to build new skills such as coding with R and learning how to better apply for government jobs. In 2018, we held a writing workshop and met with the GSU executive to learn about resources for students. The OSGSA also organizes several social events within our OSC community, including holiday parties, potlucks, trivia nights, bowling, and pub crawls. In the summer of 2017, the OSGSA purchased a BBQ for the OSC to use for events. Follow us on twitter @munosgsa Follow us on instagram @munosgsa

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VISITORS

The Ocean Sciences Centre is visited throughout the year by individuals and groups from various sectors of government, academic institutions, and industry. During the 2017-2018 academic year the following groups and individuals visited the OSC /JBARB/CDRF. Academic Institutions Natural Resources Technology and Large Animal and Exotic Health, Academy Canada Advanced Diploma in Sustainable Aquaculture, Marine Institute Office of Public Engagement, MUN Dalhousie University, NS Animal Care Services (ACS), MUN Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) University of Denmark University of Guelph Dalhousie University (OFI) Swansea University Huntsman Marine Science Centre Government & Government agencies Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Department of Fisheries and Land (DFL) National Research Council (NRC) – IRAP Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Federal Minister of Science Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (ACOA) Tourism Culture Industry Innovation (TCII) Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation (CCF) Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) Industry/ Business/Non-profit/Organizations Oceans Ltd Marine Harvest Atlantic Canada AMEC Foster Wheeler/Wood PLC Aquaculture Association of Canada Woman in Science and Engineering (WISE) Fish Vet Group Badger Bay Mussel Farms Skretting Canada Cooke Aquaculture Inc. Cargill Grieg Seafoods NL Ltd Sapphire Sea Farms Ltd. Exxon Mobil Innovation Norway Newfoundland Aquaculture Industry Association (NAIA)

Marbase - AMAR Group of Companies Skretting Global Pharmaq Pro Nova

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ADMINISTRATION

Head & Director

Dr. Garth L. Fletcher (2009 – present)

Deputy Head

Dr. Annie Mercier (2015-present)

Cold-Ocean Deep-Sea Research Facility (CDRF)

Steven Hill

Facility & Business Manager Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building

Danny Boyce

Research Marketing Manager/Undergraduate Student Advisor/Graduate Student Coordinator/ Engagement

Danielle Nichols

Field and Laboratory Services Supervisor

John Evely

Administrative Staff Specialist III

Marsha Roche

Intermediate Secretary

Winnie Sparkes/ Angie Skiffington

Intermediate Clerk Steno

JoAnn Greening

Research Assistant Animal Husbandry /Seal Facility

Kiersten Cormier/Christine Vickers

Computing Services CREAIT

Marc Bolli

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COMMITTEES Promotion and Tenure Kurt Gamperl Richard Rivkin

Ian Fleming Rachel Sipler Matt Rise

Graduate Studies Chris Parrish (Graduate Officer) Ian Fleming Javier Santander Paul Snelgrove Kurt Gamperl Emile Geissinger/Xi Xue (Graduate Student representative)

Undergraduate Studies

Annie Mercier (Undergraduate officer) Rachel Sipler Javier Santander Ian Fleming Patrick Gagnon Matt Rise

Scientific Advisory Committee OSC CREAIT(ARC)

Chris Parris (Chair) Matthew Rise Javier Santander

CREAIT Services Genomics and Proteomics

William Driedzic Matt Rise

University Senate Ian Fleming MUN Animal Care (Department) Iain McGaw

MUN Radiation Safety Committee Richard Rivkin

CDRF Advisory Committee Pat Gagnon Javier Santander

OSC Tours Danielle Nichols Steve Hill Danny Boyce Kiersten Cormier/Christine Vickers

Space Committee Garth Fletcher Danielle Nichols

Safety Committee:

John Evely (Co-Chair) Marsha Roche (Co-Chair) Stephen Hartery Iain McGaw Iain McGaw Angela Skiffington Sean Thorne Mark Bailey- MUN Diving Safety

Ocean Sciences Graduate Student Association

Chairperson - Emilie Geissinger Treasurer - Sean Hacker Teper Communications & Social Events Coordinator - Jenna MacKinnon Seminar Series Coordinator – Evgeni Matveev/Zoe Zrini

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FACULTY Dr. Mark Abrahams - Professor, Dean of Science - B.Sc (Hons.) University of Western Ontario,

MSc Queen’s University, PhD Simon Fraser University. Dr. Amanda Bates- Associate Professor- MSc. Simon Fraser University, PhD. University of

Victoria. Canada Research Chair Tier II Marine Physiological Ecology Dr. William Driedzic - Professor - B.Sc (Hons.) York, M.Sc. Toronto, PhD. British Columbia. Dr. Garth L. Fletcher - Professor Emeritus - B. Sc. Univ. of British Columbia, Ph. D. Univ. of

California, Santa Barbara. Dr. Ian A. Fleming - Professor - B.Sc Queen’s Univ., M.Sc. Simon Fraser Univ., PhD. Univ. of

Toronto. Dr. Patrick Gagnon- Associate Professor - B.Sc Laval University, M.Sc. Laval University, PhD

Laval University. Dr. Kurt Gamperl - Professor - B.Sc (Hons.) Univ.of Guelph, M.Sc. Univ. of Guelph, PhD

Dalhousie Univ. Dr. Iain McGaw- Associate Professor - B.Sc. University of Wales, Bangor, UK, Ph.D. University

of Wales, Bangor, UK Dr. Annie Mercier - Professor - B.Sc Université de Sherbrooke, M.Sc. Université du Québec à

Rimouski, Ph.D. Université du Québec à Rimouski. Dr. Uta Passow- Professor- B.Sc. University Freiburg, Germany, M.Sc. University Kiel,

Germany, Ph.D. University Kiel, Germany. Canada Research Chair Tier 1 in Biological Oceanographic Processes.

Dr. Chris Parrish - Professor (Research) - B.Sc Univ. College of Swansea, UK, PhD Dalhousie Univ. University Research Professor.

Dr. Matthew L. Rise - Professor - B.Sc. Whitworth College, M.Sc. Boston College, Ph.D. University of Victoria.

Dr. Richard Rivkin - Professor - B.Sc. City College of New York, USA, M.Sc. City College of New York, USA., Ph.D. Univ. of Rhode Island, USA. University Research Professor.

Dr. Javier Santander- Assistant Professor- BSc Marine Biology, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; MSc Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile; PhD Microbiology, Arizona State University.

Dr. Rachel Sipler- Assistant Professor - B.S., Biology, Salisbury University, B.S., Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Ph.D. Rutgers, State University of New Jersey. Canada Research Chair Tier 2 Ocean Biogeochemistry

Dr. David Schneider - Professor - B.Sc. Duke, Durham, NC, USA, Ph.D. SUNY, Stony Brook, Long Island, NY, USA.

Dr. Paul Snelgrove - Professor - B.Sc. Hon. Memorial Univ., M.Sc. McGill., Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. University Research Professor.

Dr. Joseph Wroblewski - Professor - B.Sc. Univ. of Illinois, USA, M.Sc. Florida Univ., USA, Ph.D. Florida State Univ., USA.

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OSC Directors/ Head Dr. Fred Aldrich – Director (1967 – 1971) Dr. David Idler – Director (Sept 1, 1971 – 1987) Dr. Richard Haedrich – Director (1987 – 1992) Dr. Laurence Crim – Director (June 1992-Sept, 1998) Dr. Raymond Thompson – Acting Director (Sept. 1998 – Dec. 31, 1998) Dr. William Driedzic – Director (Jan. 1999-May 2002) Dr. Chris Parrish – Interim Director (May - Dec. 2002), Acting Director (Jan – May 2002) Dr. Joe Brown - Interim Director – (Jan. 1, 2003- June 30, 2004) Dr. Ian Fleming – Director (July 2004-June 2009) Dr. Garth Fletcher – Director (July 2009 – June 2012) Dr. Garth Fletcher- Department Head (July 2012-Present) Cross – Appointees Dr. Fereidoon Shahidi - Biochemistry Dept. Dr. Craig Purchase- Biology Dept. Dr. Brett Favaro- CASD, MI Dr. Sherrylynn Rowe- CFER, MI Adjunct Professors Dr. Tomas Bird – Grouse Analytics Dr. Ian Bradbury- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Dr. Dave Cote – Senior Ecologist (Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure) Dr. Brian Dixon- University of Waterloo Dr. Alexandra Eaves- Senior Scientist (Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure) Dr. Peter Lawton- St. Andrews Biological Station, NB Dr. Cynthia McKenzie- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Dr. Ryan Stanley- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Dr. Pierre Pepin - Department of Fisheries and Oceans Dr. Travis Van Leeuwen- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Visiting Researcher’s Dr. Julio E. Retamales Lara, UNIVERSIDAD ANDRES BELLO, Chile (J. Santander) Dr. Mohamed Abdelmoneam Abdelhamead Elsayed Emam – Visiting researcher from Vet. Med. Damanhour Universit, Egypt. – Mar. 1, 2018-Feb. 28, 2019. (C. Parrish) Dr. Anusha K.S. Dhanasiri – Visiting Researcher from Faculty of Biosciences & Aquaculture, Nord University, Aug. 1-31, 2018. (M. Rise) Dr. Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali – Visiting Researcher from Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran, Mar. 1, 2018-May 31, 2019. (C. Parrish)

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STAFF Research Assistants and Science Technicians Kiersten Cormier – Research Assistant I (Seals/Department) - Finished April 2018 Christine Vickers- Research Assistant I (Seals/Department) - Stared April 2018 Corinne Conway- Research Assistant (Abrahams) Margaret Shears- Research Assistant II (Fletcher/Department) Christine Vickers- Science Technician (Department/Seals) - Finished April 2018 Kylar Frank- Science Technician (Department/Seals) - Started June 2018 Jennica Seiden -Research Assistant (Schneider) Xi Xue- Research Assistant I (Rise) Hoda Rajabi –Research Assistant (Rise) Rebeccah Sandrelli- Research Assistant (Gamperl) Kathleen Parrish- Science Technician (Rise) Zhiyu Chen- Science Technician Ellen Peroni- Research Assistant (Gamperl) Kathy Clow- Research Assistant (Gamperl) Administrative Support Staff JoAnn Greening- Intermediate Clerk Steno Danielle Nichols - Research Marketing Manager Marsha Roche- Administrative Staff Specialist III Winnie Sparkes - Intermediate Secretary (retired June1st, 2018) Angie Skiffington- Intermediate Secretary (Started June1st, 2018) MICCSA- Project Manager Tasha Harrold CREAIT Marc Bolli - Research Computer Specialist (CREAIT) - Finished April 2018 Jennifer Hall - Research Assistant II (CREAIT) Ken Langdon - Computer Support Technician (CREAIT)- Finished April 2018 Jeanette Wells - Research Assistant I (CREAIT) Field Services George Bishop- Dive Technician Andrew Perry- Dive Technician III (On-leave) Emily Edwards– Dive Technician (Finished May 2018) Kyle Snow- Dive Technician (Stared May 2018) Robert O’Donnell- Dive Technician III (Contract)

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Cold Ocean Research Facility (CDRF) Steven Hill- Manager Gordon Nash- Research Assistant Nicole Smith- Research Assistant Laboratory and Technical Services Danny Au - Laboratory Facility Technician I (retired) Robert Cadigan- Facility Service Technician Randy Cahill – Facility Service Technician Chris Canning- Laboratory Facility Technician I Michael Carrigan - Facility Service Technician John Evely- Laboratory Services Supervisor John Evely- Water Quality Specialist Damien Whitten - Laboratory Facility Technician II Harry Young- Facility Service Technician Stephen Hartery- Laboratory Services Technician Tonya Hollett- Facility Service Technician Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB) Danny Boyce – Business and Facilities Manager Jess Fry- Science Technician III Kelsie Jennot- Science Technician III Jennifer Monk - Science Technician III Denise Tucker - Science Technician III Dylan Hynes- Science Technician Jillian Porter- Science Technician Rebecca White (Company Client) Graduate Teaching Assistants (TA) Mike Piersiak - Fall 2017 (Nichols) Logan Zeinert- Fall 2017 (Nichols) Gemma Rayner- Fall 2017 (Nichols) Jenna Mackinnon - Fall 2017 (Nichols) Evgeni Matveev- Fall 2017 (Nichols) Zoe Zrini- Fall 2017 (Nichols) Sean Hacker-Teper- Fall 2017 (Nichols) Tomer Katan- Fall 2017 OCSC 3000 (Gamperl) Martia Miatta- Fall 2017 OCSC 1000 (Mercier) Camilla Parzanini- Fall 2017 OCSC 1000 (Mercier) Janet Ferguson- Roberts- Fall 2017 OCSC 1000 (Mercier) Marta Miatta- winter -2018 OCSC 4122 (Mercier) Janet Ferguson-Roberts-winter 2018 OCSC 4122 (Mercier)

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UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS Student Assistants Fall 2017 Kylar Frank- Vickers Jennifer Wilkins- Vickers Adam Cook- Parrish Winter 2018 Kylar Frank- Vickers Jennifer Wilkins-Vickers Spring/Summer 2018 Lindsee Clark- Vickers Alexandria McTamney- Vickers Lindsay Collins- Nichols MacGregor Parent- Nichols Jennifer Wilkins- Nichols Seal Volunteers Alyssa Winsor Alexandria McTamney Meagan Power Berit Sellars Claire Whiffen Katherine Ledwell Claire Pratt Gerissa Fowler Sarah Fontaine Jill Conway Catherine Hooper Alex McNeil Kathleen Parrish Guillaume Caulier Jennifer Wilkins Lindsee Clark Keisha Noseworthy

MUCEP Students Fall 2017 Jillian Porter- Boyce Magdalena Maeland- Nichols MacGregor Parent- Mercier Lindsee Clark- Gagnon Jennifer Wilkins- Driedzic Devin Saunders- Fleming A. Peters- Snelgrove Winter 2018 Jillian Porter- Boyce Emily Conners- Santander MacGregor Parent- Mercier Marc Pitcher- Parrish Kylar Frank- Gamperl Alyssa Windsor- Vickers Alexandra Langwieder- Nichols Julian Wilson- Nichols Jennifer Wilkins- Vickers Lindsay Collins- Vickers Devin Saunders- Fleming Cassidy Arnold- Gagnon Spring 2018 Keshia Noseworthy- Nichols/Vickers Alex MacBeath- Vickers WISE Keana Janes- Vickers Sarah Moore- Nichols Sofia Wells- Gagnon

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The Name “Logy Bay” first appeared in the records from a Southwood’s Map in 1675. Permanent settlement didn’t occur until the late 19th Century when Luke Ryan, a fisherman, sought permission to build a fishing room.