Meeting 1Meeting 1

Team: India

Plant: Gas Cleanup and Water Recycle Plant

Members: Lynette Hernandez, Hsin Ting Hsieh, Alexander J. Palmas, and Jose L. Ortiz

Mentor: Patrick H. Shannon

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Block Flow DiagramBlock Flow Diagram Frac Water

Biological Oxidation

Salt Removal

DGF Separator

Dirty Frac Water (Assume 1 million std ft3 per day)

hydrocarbons

Activate hydro carbon

Chemical precipitation

system

Sand filter

Clean Frac Water

sludge

organics

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What’s in the Frac Water?What’s in the Frac Water?

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Frac Water CleaningFrac Water Cleaning From the BFD:

1. Solid removal and desalting Need to get rid of sulfates, phosphates,

carbonates, etc. 2. pH adjustment3. Remove organics a. by using an oxidant ( for example ClO2)

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Frac Water CleaningFrac Water Cleaning

DGF seperator- Will remove hydrocarbons

from the frac water- Hydrocarbons will be caused

to float to the surface of the

frac water.

- Can then easily by skimmed off.

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Frac Water cleaningFrac Water cleaningActivated hydrocarbon - will remove hydrocarbons and organics

Chemical Precipitation

- will help get rid of the rest of the sludge

Sand Filter

- Will help remove remaining TSS ( Total suspended solids) from the frac water.

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Competing Processes: Frac Competing Processes: Frac Water Water

◦ Green completions1. Oil can be removed from water and

added to pipe line to be processes2. More environmentally friendly (no flare)

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Green Completion Green Completion 4. Currently used in Barnett Shale 5. Reduce VOC emissions

i. Burn off gas that would otherwise escape into the air

ii. Will need to capture gas and make it available for use of sale by Jan 1, 2015 (according to EPA’s new guidelines)

iii. Will not generate NOx

iv. Rental cost = $1,000/dayv. Save average of 11,000 MCF of natural gas

per well from being vented into the atmosphere

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BFD for Green CompletionBFD for Green Completion

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Competing Processes: Frac Competing Processes: Frac Water Water

◦ LPG1. Instead of using water, can use gelled

liquefied petroleum gas. 2. Advantages

a. Nearly all of it is recovered after fracturingb. No salts are brought upc. Less liquid is needed to fracture the well.

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Bloc flow diagram Bloc flow diagram Gas purification

Membrane filter

Pump

Which ever gas:-N2

-CO-H2

-CO2

-O2

Purified Gas

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Competing Processes: Effluent Competing Processes: Effluent VaporsVapors

◦ Gas coming in (Assumption that no pressure available from gases coming in)1. Compressor needed to pressurize gases

for clean-up2. Need to know how much gas in order to

pick proper purification method ◦ 3 Ways of Cleaning up Effluent Gases 1. Membrane Separation 2. PSA3. Cryogenic Gas Plant

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Membrane Separation Membrane Separation 1. Membrane Separation

A. Can be as pure as PSA

B. Membrane separators may be bought from IGS (Innovative Gas Systems – ISO 9001 Certified)

i. Non-air/Gas Separation Systems H2, CO2, CO

ii. Gas Compressors

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Pressure Swing AdsorptionPressure Swing Adsorption2. PSA

A. Pressurize gasesB. Some gases will be adsorbed

The higher the pressure, the more the adsorption C. Reduce pressure and gas is desorbed (released)

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Cryogenic Gas PlantCryogenic Gas Plant3. Cryogenic Gas Plant

A. First chill the gases, then distill B. ExpensiveC. Product has highest purity

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Competing ProcessesCompeting Processes

◦Specific plan for CO2

1. Pipeline available in area to send CO2 to wells

2. This will acidize formation and free up more oil EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery)

3. Purify CO2 for food applications• Convert to dry ice for food merchant product

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COCO22 EOR – How It Works EOR – How It Works

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Oil Recovery With COOil Recovery With CO22

X-ray images of 5-centimeter-diameter core samples taken from the Lost Hills oil field (located in central California) show the effectiveness of carbon dioxideto sweep oil.

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Additional Input NeededAdditional Input Needed

1. Water purity and amount for CHP Plant

2. Compositions of all Effluents

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QUESTIONS???

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