medieval history

Medieval HistoryGeneral Studies Revision Short Notes for

SSC CGL, SSC CHSL 2021 Exams

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1. The Pala Kingdom [750-1150]● Founder - Gopala● Dharampala - revived Nalanda University & Founded

Vikramshila University2. Sena Dynasty ● Founder - Samanta Sena● Jayadeva( Gita Govind) - C.Poet of Luxman Sen3. Pratihars - [750-1036]● Founder - Harichandra (Gujarat- Rajasthan)● Grt Ruler- Mihir Bhoj


4. Rashtrakuta Dynasty [752-973]

● Founder - Dantidurga

● Capital - Malkhed (KR)

● Amoghavarsha - (wrote) ---> Kavirajamarga

● Imp Ruler - Govind III, Dantidurga, Krishna I.

● Arch - Krishna I built Kailash Temple(Shiva) at Ellora.


5. Chola Empire [850-1279]● Founder - Vijayalaya

● Capital - Uraiyur (T.N.)

● Grt Rulers - RajaRaja, Rajendra I, Rajendra III (Last)

● Rajendra I assumed title of - GangaikondaChola.

● Arch - Brihadeshwar Temple/ Rajarajeshwar Temple built by Rajaraja.

● Uttarmerur Inscription(T.N.) tells about Village admin. Of Cholas.


Delhi Sultanate [1206-1526]

● Slave/Mumlak dynasty (1206-1290)● Khilji dynasty (1290-1320)● Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1414)● Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)● Lodhi dynasty (1451-1526)

Background● Md Bin Qasim - Battle of Aror - Raja Dahir (Sindh & Multan ).

● Mahmud of Gaznavi - Plundered India 17 times from 1001 AD - 1027

AD. Attacked Somnath Temple in 1025 AD.

● Md. Ghori -

○ Battle of kayadara (1178) (Guj.)- Md Ghori & Bhim III

○ 1st Battle of Tarain (1191) - Md Ghori & Prithvi Raj Chauhan

○ 2nd Battle of Tarain (1192) - Md Ghori & Prithvi Raj Chauhan


Slave/Mumlak Dynasty [1206-1290]

1. Slave / Mumluk Dynasty [1206-90] ● Founder - Qutub Ud Din Aibak [1206-10]● Capital - Lahore

● Title - Lakhbaksh

● Guru/Mentor - Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki

● Architecture

○ Quwat-ul-Islam - Delhi

○ Adhai-din ka Jhopra - Ajmer

○ Qutub Minar - Delhi

● Death - while playing chaugan or Polo in Lahore.

● Tomb - Lahore


b) Iltutmish● Capital Shift - Lahore to Delhi

● Actual founder of D.S. / 1st Sultan by Khalipha

● Battles : Jurd Revolt > Aaram Shah(son of Q. Aibak) & Iltutmish

○ IIIrd Battle of Tarain > Iltutmish & Yaldauj

● Started Dal Chalisa & Iqtadari System

● Started Coins : Silver (Tanka) & Copper ( Jeetal).

● Set up learning centre at Patna(Azimabad).

● Saved Delhi from Mangols (Chegiz khan).

● Patronised Minhaj-us-siraj - “Tabaqat-i-nasiri”

● Tomb - Delhi (Qutub Minar premises)


c) Raziya Sultan [1236-40]

● 1st and only Muslim lady who ever ruled India.● Husband : Yakut Khan (ostler) [Amir -e -Akhor]● Altunia murdered Yakut & imprisoned Razia.● Behram khan Murdered both Altunia & Razia.● Tomb - Kaithal (Haryana)


d) Behram Khan

● Created Post - “ Naik-e- Mumlakat”(Head of Dal Chalisa).

● Killed by Masood Shah.


e) Giyasuddin Balban

● Abolished - Dal Chalisa● Policies :

○ Iron & Blood○ Sajda & Paibos

Festival - Navroj

● Estd. Military Dept - Diwan-i-Arz● Title - Zil-i-Illahi / Niyamat-i-Khudai / Shadow of God.● Tomb - Delhi (Mehrauli)

● Quiqabad - Last Ruler of Slave Dynasty


The Khilji Dyanasty [1290-1320]

Alauddin Khilji [1296-1316]

● Seperated religion from politics.

● 1st ruler to extend to south and defeated :

○ Ram Chandra (Yadav - Devgiri)

○ Pratap Rudradev (Kakatiya - warangal)

○ Vir Ballal III ( Hoyasala - Dwarsamudra)

○ Vir pandya (Pandya - Madurai )



● Prohibited wine, Music, Dance, Jharoka Darshan.

● 1st ruler to maintain largest standing army & paid salary in cash

and abolished Iqta System.

● Intoduced - Chehra (List) & Dagh(horse branding) System.

● Controlled market and goods prices(fixed prices).

● Dept - Diwan-i-Musatkharaj (collector - Revenue)

○ Diwan-i-Riyasat

○ Shahna-i-Mandi



● Title - Sikandar-e-sani

● Taxes - Jaziya,Jakat, House Tax, Agri. Tax, Irrigation Tax, and

animal feeding tax.

● Arch -

○ Alai Darwaza (Del - Qutub Minar)

○ Hauz Khas (Del)

○ Hazar Sutun (Palace of 1000 pillars - Siri Fort )

○ Siri Fort (Del - Hauz Khas)



● Court Poet - Hzt Amir Khusro ● Gave title to Alauddin - Sultan-E-Jahaan● Khusro Invented Tabla,Sitar, Qawwali, Khadi Boli.● Khusro was called “Parrot of India”

● Slave - Malik Kafur (Hazar Dinari )● Tomb - Delhi (Q. Minar premises) ● Mubarak Khan Khusrau Khan (Killed by Ghazi Malik)


The Tughlaq Dynasty [1320-1414]

3. Tughlaq Dynasty [1320-1414]

● Founder - Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (Ghazi Malik).

● Founded - Tughlaqabad city (Delhi )

● 1st Sultan who built canals for irrigation.

● “Hanooj Dilli Door Aast” - said by Hzt Nizamuddin Auliya for

him.

● Tomb - Tughlaqabad Delhi


Md Bin Tughlaq [1325-1351]

● Orig Name - Jauna Khan

● Started - Diwan-i-Kohi ( Agriculture Dept.)

● Court Visitor : Ibn-e Batuta (Africa, Moracco).He wrote Rehala

Book.

● 1st sultan who tried to ban Sati system.

● Called Mad or Insane Ruler


Md Bin Tughlaq [1325-1351]5 Failed Decisions :

1) Capital from Delhi - Daulatabad (Devgiri)2) Failure of Khusrau Exp.3) Increase in tax in Doab (Drought Cond.)4) Issue Token Currency (Devaluation)5) Failure of Karachil Exp. (Mt.part of UK)

Tomb - Tughlaqabad,Delhi (died in Sindh)


Firoz Shah Tughlaq [1351-1388]● Known as Akbar of Sultanate Period.● Founded Cities :

○ Hisar (Firoza)○ Fatehabad (son - fateh khan)○ Firozpur (Punjab)○ Firoz Shah, Kotla(Delhi )○ Firozabad (Glass city of India)○ Jaunpur ( elder brother jauna khan )


Firoz Shah Tughlaq [1351-1388]● Shifted two Ashoka’s Pillar:

○ Topra(Haryana) to Delhi, Kotla ○ Meerut(UP)

● Imposed Jaziya on Brahmins.● Prohibited muslim women to go the graves of sufi saints.● Built max. No. of canals for irrigation and imposed water tax known

as Haque-i-sharab● Departments :

○ Diwan-i-Khairat (economic help to poor people)○ Daur-ul-shifa (hospital)

● Tomb - Delhi (Hauz khas complex) in 1388.


Md Shah Tughlaq [1398-1404]

● Timur’s Invasion during his reign - Tamerlane (1398).

● Dethrowned by his minister Khizr Khan.

● Died in 1404.


The Sayyid Dynasty [1414-1450]

4. Sayyid Dynasty [1414-1450]

● Founder - Khizr Khan

● He did not take title of sultan.

● Mubarak Shah > Md Shah > Alam Shah


The Lodhi Dynasty [1451-1526]

5. The Lodhi Dynasty [1451-1526]

● Founder - Bahlol Lodhi [1451-1488]

● Issued Bahloli Coins.

● Tomb - Delhi (Chirag Dilli)


Sikandar Lodhi [1489-1517]

● Capital shift -> Delhi to Agra

● Founded -> Agra City (Sikandrabad)

● His Pen Name -> Gulrukhi

● Intro -> Ghaz-e-Sikandri (measuring unit)

● Foreign Visitor -> Vasco da Gama

● Arch -> Badalgarh Fort (Agra)


Ibrahim Lodhi [1517-1526]

● Last ruler of Lodhi Dynasty & Last Sultan.

● Battle of Khatoli/Ghatoli (1518)->

○ Ibrahim Lodhi Vs Rana Sanga (Mewar)

1st Battle of Panipat (1526)-> Ibrahim Lodhi Vs Babur.

● Only Sultan who died on Battlefield.


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