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ISBN: 978-1-68380-006-4

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Chap

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MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 1: Changing Times

Big Question: What changes led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire?

In 452 CE, Attila and the Huns threatened the city of Rome.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 3: Two Churches

Big Question: Why did the collapse of the Western Roman Empire make it possible for the bishop of Rome to become more powerful?

In 590 CE, Pope Gregory, who became known as Pope Gregory the Great, was appointed. His writings influenced many people.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 3: Two Churches

Big Question: Why did the collapse of the Western Roman Empire make it possible for the bishop of Rome to become more powerful?

Constantinople

Rome

Eastern Church

Western Church

Central city

English Channel

Mediterranean Sea

Atl

anti

c O

cean

Eastern ChurchGreek-speaking

Orthodox

Western ChurchLatin-speaking

Catholic

Key

N

S

WE

In 1054 CE, the Christian Church split apart, and the Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches were established.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 5: Charlemagne

Big Question: Why did King Charles earn the title Charles the Great, or Charlemagne?

In 800 CE, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 6: A Feudal Society

King

Lesser Lords

Lords

Knights

Ordinary people

Big Question: How did the feudal system hold people, communities, and kingdoms together?

From the 800s and 900s onward, the feudal system created relationships between people based on loyalty and service.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 9: Days of a Knight

Big Question: What was the life of a knight like?

In the 1100s, a set of rules called the Code of Chivalry was created. Knights had to promise to be loyal and honorable.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 11: City Life

Big Question: How was life in a medieval city different from life on a manor estate?

In the 1200s, trade and towns grew along with the guilds, which controlled craftsmen and apprentices. People moved from the countryside to start new lives in the towns.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 13: William the Conqueror

Big Question: How did William’s successful invasion of England affect the English language?

In 1066 CE, the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, defeated the English in the Battle of Hastings. This conquest transformed English society and culture.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 14: Henry II

Big Question: How did the shield tax benefit King Henry II and future kings?

In 1154, Henry II became the king of England. During his reign, he challenged opposing lords and raised taxes.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 15: Thomas Becket

Big Question: Why did Henry II regret the words he spoke about Thomas Becket?

In 1170, Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 16: Eleanor of Aquitaine

Big Question: Why do you think the author describes Eleanor as extraordinary?

In 1154, Eleanor of Aquitaine became the queen of England. She ruled with her husband, Henry II. Eleanor was thought to be the most influential woman in Europe.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 17: Magna Carta

Big Question: Why is Magna Carta so important?

In 1215, King John was forced to sign a list of demands known as Magna Carta.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 18: A New Kind of Government

Big Question: What is the difference between a system of government with representatives and one with a monarch?

In 1295, King Edward I of England created the Model Parliament. Church leaders and representatives of nobles and townspeople were part of the Parliament.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 19: The Hundred Years’ War

Big Question: How did the decline of the feudal system change people’s loyalties?

In 1453, the Hundred Years’ War ended. This long, costly war weakened the feudal system.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 20: Joan of Arc

Big Question: Why do you think the story of Joan of Arc is still remembered today?

In 1429, Joan of Arc and her soldiers defeated the English in the French city of Orléans.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

CHAPTER 21: The Black Death

Big Question: Why do you think having a smaller population in Europe helped improve working conditions for serfs, as well as weaken the feudal system?

Constantinople

Rome

Florence

Sicily

Mediterranean Sea

Atla

ntic

Oce

an

1346 CE

1347 CE

1348 CE

1349 CE

1350 CE

1351 CE and later

The Spread ofthe Black Death

London

EnglishChannel

Paris

KeyN

S

W

E

Between 1347 and 1351, the plague, or Black Death, may have killed half the population of Europe.