Midieval Times

Kings and queens

Lords & Ladies

Knights

Peasants & Serfs

Medieval Europe- 500 A.D. to 1475 A.d.

Peasants

Serfs

*Peasants worked manors

*Paid to use the land and they were free and could move anytime they wanted

*lived in cottages

*were not slaves (could not be sold

and could not move)

*lord protected them and they had to have permission from the lord to marry or own property

*later during middle ages they could buy their freedom

*lived in small one room houses

Geography

Continent and Large Peninsula

Seas and Rivers made Europe safe and gave them many opportunities to trade

(Leave Space for map)

Carolus Magnes

Grandfather-Charles Martel-Mayor of Palace-settled disputes, he distributed land and fought own wars

Pepin (his father) conquered Italy and gave land to people both father and son (Charlemagne) worked closely with Pope

Charles-built up empire, believed in education (made schools in palaces) AKA Charles the Great & Charlemagne

Controlled Germany and Spain that became Christian areas

Charles MArtel cont.

Battle of Tours-Charles pushed the muslims out and christianity became the #1 religion

South of France

Spain

North AfricaMuslim

Vikings from Scandinavia

known for their long boats that could handle the rough water of the Atlantic Ocean

Could Navigate through shallow waters.

First lived along fjords and later robbed villages taking anything they wanted

King VS Pope

sent monks to be missionaries

set up schools to educate

fed the hungry

gave weary rest

taught carpentry, weaving, new farming techniques

hospitals (care for sick)

kings could no longer appoint church officials

Gregory (pope) King Henry IV1.) King was mad at 1.) King was mad at Pope and said he could Pope and said he could no longer be Popeno longer be Pope2.) Pope 2.) Pope excommunicated King excommunicated King (meant that no longer (meant that no longer part of church and could part of church and could not enter heaven)not enter heaven)3.) King went to Pope 3.) King went to Pope (barefoot in snow (barefoot in snow begging for forgiveness)begging for forgiveness)4.) Pope forgave but 4.) Pope forgave but elected new kingelected new king

LEave most of page open for shield

around the edges write “Knights code of chivalry to obey lord, to be honest, to be brave, to honor church, to help people, to show respect to women of noble birth, and to fight fairly”

Cities-had government, elected own officials, building built close together and if a fire broke

out the whole city was destroyed.

*Cities were dirty and smelly. Threw waste in rivers. Luckily people had wells to get their

drinking water.

*Cities-women were allowed to live independent lives

When Rome Fell

most people lived in small villages and never left, having little knowledge of the world

Because of feudalism in 1100 AD groups flourished

1.) There was more food

2.) enforced laws and it was safe

3.) trade started again (areas flourished and ideas spread)

Kingdoms and Crusades

Ivan III (THE GREAT FROM RUSSIA) he was a czar

William the Conquerer from Normandy

King Phillip II -from France his son was _____

King Henry ruled from 1154-1189 AD *he established central court, lawyers, judges, who traveled hearing court cases *established common law throughout kingdom *established grand jury and trial jury

King John-Magna carta

King John ruled from 1199-

raised taxes

nobles were angry and they refused to honor the king unless granted certain rights

certain rights=magna carta

contCalled great charter and took away some of King’s power

no longer could collect taxes unless group “Great council” agreed

if accused of a crime had the right of a free trial of peers

Habeas Corpus-can not be put in jail indefinately unless you had a trial

people have rights and the power of the government should be limited

house of lords-nobles & chief officials

House of commons

knights & towns people

parliament

Crusades

Muslims took over Byzantine Empire

Pope gave speech to crowd to defend the Holy Land (Jerusalem)

CROWD CHEER-” IT IS THE WILL OF GOD”

Soldiers wore red crosses to show obedience to the Pope and headed East to fight

crusades cont

1st Crusade

They stormed city and took Jerusalem back*also set up 4 outer states to help protect

2nd Crusade-Egyptian King Saladin united Muslims and took back Jerusalem

3rd Crusade-Total failure-truce-Saladin promised the Christians a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and he would not attack them.

crusades continued

Over 10 crusades in all, and nothing changed. The muslims gained all the territory back that they won during the 1st crusade

Affected Europe: 1.) Increased trade with middle east2.) broke down Feudalism

Culture1000-1150 religious wave. Educated women became nuns. Friars which means “brother” were men who preached and had to beg to survive.

Daily Life revolved around church-Sunday people went to Mass. The church was EXTREMELY powerful many churches are named after Mary (Notre Dame-our lady)

Inquistion group-tried anyone who committed heresy (different belief than the church). If you confessed you asked for forgiveness and went back to going to church. If NO confession they tortured you until you confessed. If you still did not confess they executed you

anti-semitism-hatred for Jews

Jews were persecuted (because they refused to become Christians)

Blamed the Jews for everything, mobs would attack and kill Jews, Jews had to wear special badges or clothing

Jews became money lenders & charged interest (this was considered a sin)

1100’s Many places expelled Jews

Jews moved to different areas and thrived in their new communities that were based on the Jewish beliefs

This was a wealthy time for Europe & they built many beautiful churches

University of Oxford 1096-students would study for 6 years then take an oral exam, if they studied 10 more years they got a doctrine

Thomas Aquinas-people have natural laws that government should not take away (RIGHT TO LIVE, RIGHT TO LEARN, RIGHT TO WORSHIP, RIGHT TO REPRODUCE)

BLACK DEATH/100 Year War

KILLED MILLIONS OF PEOPLE-1/2 THE POPULATION. It was a bubonic plague which means they got it from fleas on rats.

100 year war was going on and the English soldiers threw the dead soldier bodies into the city to infest the people living there (strategic Warfare)

100 year war between English (Normady) and French-FRENCH WON

Joan of Arc (peasant) said that the saints urged them to free France. They later captured her and burned her at the stake

After the War they had a weak economy but the positive is that people had strong feelings for their country (pride & patriotism)

After 100 year war. England had a tough time. People were fighting over the throne “War of the Roses” war time that nobles were fighting to become the king

Spain/Portugal (King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella)-Spanish Inquisition (Jewish people were charged with Heresy, if they were not Catholic). Next they turned to the muslims, they wanted the Peninsula. Later if Muslims did not convert they had to leave

1300-1400’s there was a lot of war going on in Europe