medico legal terms & definitions
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8/6/2019 Medico Legal Terms & Definitions
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IMPORTANT MEDICAL LEGALTERMS AND THEIR
DEFINITIONS lecture 2
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FORENSIC:Derived from Latin meaning "of
the forum" or market place. Inancient Rome the forum waswhere governmental debatesand trials were held .
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FORENSIC SCIENCE:Means the application of natural
and physical science to theresolution of the matter with alegal context.
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JU DGE: A person who is officially
designed or empowered by lawto give, in any legal proceedingcivil or criminal, a definitive
judgment
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DOC UMENT A written or printed instrument
that bears the legal form of something and can be used tofurnish evidence or conveysinformation.
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OFFENCE , CRIMESThe doing that a penal law
forbids to be done or omittingto do what it commands; in thissense it is nearly synonymouswith crime.
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IN JU RY A harm or hurt; a wound or
insult; usually applied todamage inflicted on the body byan external force .
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ASSA ULT A n unlawful act that places
another person, without that person's consent, in fear of immediate bodily harm orbattery.
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GOOD FAITHCompliance with standards of
decency and honesty or havinghonest intentions; "he acted ingood faith";
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COMPLAINTThe complaint outlines the alleged
facts of the case and the basis forwhich a legal remedy is sought. A complaint is the preliminary
charge filed by the complainingparty, usually with the police or acourt.
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INQ UIRYThe act of inquiring or
examination of a matter in asearch for information or truth.
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INVESTIGATION A careful search or detailed
inquiry or systematicexamination in order to discoverfacts.
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B AIL A n individual accused of a crimemust be held in the custody of thecourt until his or her guilt orinnocence is determined.However, the court has the option
of releasing the individual beforethat determination is made, andthis option is called bail
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DEPOSITIONLaw Testimony under o a th,
especi a lly a st a tement by a w itness th a t is w ritten do w n orrecorded for use in court a t a la ter d a te
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AFFIDAVIT A written statement
affirmed/sworn to be true
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CIRC UMSTANTIAL
EVIDENCEEvidence from which a logical
and reasonable inference of another fact may be drawn
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Expert Witness: A person whose training,
background, or experiencequalifies them to render anopinion at a trial rather than
stating facts. A
person who hasmore knowledge on a subject than the average person
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AUTOPSY Autopsy: Medical examination
of a deceased body. It is alsocalled Postmortem ExaminationForensic Autopsy:
Examination of a deceasedperson to determine cause of death.
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CROSS EXAMINATIONThe questioning of an opposing
party's witness about mattersbrought up during direct examination
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EXPERT WITNESS A witness with a specialized
knowledge of a subject who isallowed to discuss an event incourt even though he or she
was not present.
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ACC USED Accused: The person who hasbeen charged with committing theoffence, another term for thedefendant in a criminal case.Defendant: A person charged witha crime and against whom court proceedings are brought (see A ccused above).
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ALLEGATION A ny statement of fact in a
pleading before a court, that the defendant committed thealleged crime
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ARREST WARRANTW ritten document issued by a
judge or a magistrateauthorizing the police to arrest a specified person.
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CRIMINAL LAWS tatutes and other laws that defines conduct which is prohibitedby the government because it isheld to threaten, harm or otherwiseendanger the safety and welfare of
the public, and that sets out thepunishment to be imposed onthose who breach these laws .
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PRESIDING JU DGEIn jurisdictions with several judges, oneof them is usually chosen to direct themanagement of the courts.The presiding judge usually chairs thepanel of several judges hearings andsupervises the business of the court
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PRIMA FACIE CASELatin term, meaning "on the
face of it", that is used in alegal context to define whetherthere is enough evidence to
warrant a case continuing totrial in the judicial process.
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PRES UMPTION OF
INNOCENCE A legal concept that means that
an accused is presumedinnocent until he is provenguilty beyond reasonable doubt,
at the end of a trial and appeal.
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RULES OF PROCED URE &
EVIDENCEThe rules which govern the
procedures and the introductionand admissibility of evidence inlegal proceedings.
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B URDEN OF PROOFThe obligation to prove
something .
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SENTENCEThe punishment imposed by a
court on a person convicted of a crime
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STANDARD OF PROOFThe legal standard of proof
indicating the degree to whichthe point must be proven. Forinstance, the standard of proof
at the end of a criminal trial is beyond reasonable doubt.
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OATH A promise to do something or
formal declaration, whichinvolves an appeal to God.
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MENS-REAThe mental component of
criminal liability.
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MURDERIntentionally and maliciously
killing of human being bysomeone .
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AFFIDAVIT Affidavit : A written statement
affirmed/sworn to be true Arrest: To deprive a person of liberty or freedom of movement.
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SUSPECTS omeone who is under
suspicion of having committed acrime.
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WITNESS TESTIMONY
This is written or oral evidencegiven by a witness under oathat trial or in a deposition. A
witness is a person whotestifies under oath.
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TRIAL A legal proceeding before a
court to examine and assessthe evidence against a personaccused of a crime
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