medications administration (with pictures)

8/4/2019 Medications Administration (With Pictures)

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MEDICAL ADMINISTRATION

The giving of, dispensing of, or application of medicines, drugs, or remedies to

believe or cure an illness

ADMINISTRATION BUCCAL

The delivery of a medication by application to the buccal mucosa

ADMINISTARTION INHALATION

The delivery of a medication by breathing it



ADMINISTRATION INTRANASAL

Drug administered by the nasal or oral respiratory route for a local or systematic

effect

ADMINISTRATION ORAL

The delivery of a medication by oral cavity



ADMINISTRATION RECTAL

The delivery of a medication through the rectum

ADMINISTRATION SUBLINGUAL

The delivery of a medication by placing it under the ventral surface of the tongue

for dissolution and absorption through the mucous membrane



ADMINISTRATION TOPICAL

The delivery of a medication by application to the skin or mucous membrane



ADMINISTRATION CONSIDERATIONS

Many practical aspects of drug administration influence the effectiveness of

prescribed therapy, such as:

Drug Form

Some tablets and capsules are too large to be swallowed easily by patients who

are seriously ill. For these patients, request an oral solution or elixir of the drug.

Remember, however, that a liquid form is more easily and completely absorbed

than a tablet, so it produces higher blood levels than a tablet.

Administration Route

Routes of administration aren’t therapeutically interchangeable. For example,

phenytoin is readily absorbed orally but slowly and erratically absorbed when

given I.M. In contrast, vancomycin must be given parenterally because oral

administration yields inadequate blood vessels for treating systematic infections.

However, it can be given orally to treat antibiotic-associated pseudo-

membranous colitis because it concentrates in stool.

Timing

Sometimes giving an oral drug during or shortly after a meal decreases the

amount of drug absorbed. This decrease isn’t clinically significant with most

drugs may in fact be helpful with irritating drugs, such as aspirin or ibuprofen.

However, many penicillins and tetracyclines shouldn’t be scheduled for

administration at mealtimes because certain foods can inactivate them. If you’re

in doubt about the effect of food on a certain drug, consult a pharmacist.

Storage

Storing a drug improperly can alter its potency. Most drugs should be stored in

tightly capped containers and protected from direct sunlight and extremes of

temperature and humidity, which can cause them to deteriorate. Some may

require special storage conditions such as refrigeration.



MEDICATIONS ADMINISTRATION

Routes of administration

Topical Route

Otic administration

Opthalmic administration

Gastric route

Rectal and vaginal route

Intradermal route

Subcutaneous route

Intramascular Route

Intravenous route

DOSAGE CONSIDERATIONS

Half life:

Drug form:

Administration route:

Timing:

Storage:

Drug Action:

Drug Receptor Interaction:

Outcome of drug action:

Major Administration Routes and Drug Forms

The table below shows the major administration and the drug form available for each.

Route Form Route Form

Oral (solid) Capsule Vaginal FoamPowder GelTablet Solutions

SuppositoryOral (liquid) Elixir Tablet

EmulsionSolution Topical AerosolSuspension (ear, eye, nose, skin) CreamSyrup Lotion

OintmentParenteral Solution Paste

PatchRectal Solution Powder

Suppository



FORMS OF MEDICATION PREPARATIONS

ORAL

Tablets : compressed or moldedsubstances

Troches, lozenges and pastilles : designed to dissolve in the mouth

Caplets : gelatin-coated tablets thatdissolve in the stomach

Time-release capsules : encasedsubstances that are further enclosed insmaller casings that deliver a drug doseover an extended period of time



Capsules : substances encased in eitherhard or a soft soluble container or gelatinshell that dissolves in the stomach

Enteric-coated : coated tablets thatdissolve in the intestines, rather than thestomach, to decrease gastric irritability;never crushed

Powder and granules : finely groundsubstances, usually mixed with water or

juice

Sustained-release : compoundedsubstances designed to release a drugslowly to maintain a steady bloodmedication level



TOPICAL

Powder : lightly dusted on skin Ointments : semisolid substances for

topical use

Transdermal patches : contain medication

that is absorbed through the skin cover anextended period of time

Liniments : substances mixed with an

alcohol, oil or soapy emollient



Pastes : semisolid substances, thickerthan an ointment, absorbed slowly throughthe skin

Suppositories : gelatinous substancesdesigned to dissolve when inserted in therectum or vagina

INHALANTS

Inhalations : drug administered by the nasal or oral respiratory route for a local orsystematic effect



SOLUTIONS

Solutions : contain one or more soluble

chemical substances dissolved in water

Gargles : aqueous solutions

Enemas : aqueous solutions for rectalinstillation

Syrups : substances dissolved in a sugarliquid



Emulsion : a 2-phase system in which oneliquid is dispersed in the form of smalldroplets throughout another liquid

Douches : aqueous solutions that functionas a cleansing or antiseptic agent that maybe dispensed in the form of powder fordissolving in warm water

Mouthwashes : aqueous solutions thatmay contain alcohol, glycerin, andsynthetic sweeteners and surface-activeflavoring and coloring agents

Elixirs : nonaqueous solutions that containwater, varying alcohol content and glycerinor other sweeteners



Nasal solutions : aqueous solutions in theform of drops or sprays

Optic or otic solutions : aqueoussolutions that are instilled as drops

Suspensions : particle or powder substances that must be dissolved in a liquid beforeadministration

medications administration (with pictures)

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