Medications – A Double-Edged Sword?

“Any symptom in an elderly patient should be considered a drug side effect until proved otherwise”

Modern Medicines Have Contributed To

Longer life spans Improved health Better quality of life

For older adults and people with disabilities, medications can be a double-edged sword

When not used Appropriately, Effectively and Safely, medications can have devastating consequences.

Symptoms of Medication-Related Problems (MRP)

Excessive drowsiness Confusion Depression Delirium Insomnia Parkinson’s-like symptoms Incontinence Muscle weakness Loss of appetite Falls and fractures Changes in speech and memory

MRP Due to New Medication

This medication-related problem occurs when a person has a medical condition that requires a new or additional medication, but none has been provided.

Proper assessment by health care professionals is essential so that symptoms can be identified and proper treatment initiated.

MRP & Unnecessary Medication

This medication-related problem occurs when a patient is taking a medication that is unnecessary given the patient’s current medical problems.

Patients who are exposed to unnecessary medications may experience toxic effects.

MRP Due to Wrong Medication

This medication-related problem occurs when a person has a medical condition for which the wrong medication is being taken.

Patients and their caregivers must have a clear understanding of what to expect—and when to expect it—when taking medications.

Dose Too Low

This type of MRP occurs when a patient has a medical condition for which too little of the correct medication has been prescribed.

Patients and their caregivers must have a clear understanding of what to expect from their medications.

Dose Too High

This MRP frequently occurs in older people because an otherwise “normal dose” of a medication can be an overdose for many older persons.

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)

ADRs can occur when a patient is receiving a medication considered to be unsafe based on:The characteristics of the patient;An allergic reaction to the medication;An interaction with another medication or food;The incorrect administration of the medication; orA medication dosage increased or decreased too rapidly

How To Avoid MRP?

Understand the Medication: Find out as much as possible about every medicationHave Complete Medical Records: Make sure to provide complete medical records to your loved one's health care providers. Follow the Directions: Following the directions of the medication is imperative to ensure safety. Read all instructions carefully. Use Only One Pharmacist: Fill all prescriptions at the same pharmacy. Make a List of All Medications: Keep a detailed list including the drug name, size of dosage and any cautions stated on the package. Carry a copy of this list with you in your wallet or purse at all times.Watch for Physical Changes: Notify the health care provider of any social changes, including sleeping patterns, work schedules, and special diets.Don't Self-Treat: Let the doctor know if the medicine doesn't seem to be working or if it is causing problems. Keep Drugs Separate: Do not mix different medications together in one container. Watch Expiration Dates: Discard expired medicine f anyDevelop a Routine: Giving medications in a specific way at specific times of the day will help reduce conflicts.

Be Prepared for EmergenciesIf you suspect a medication overdose, call poison control or 911 immediately.

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