Medication AdherenceMedication Adherence

Team MembersTeam MembersCara DunnCara Dunn

Farshad FahimiFarshad FahimiSujan BhaheetharanSujan Bhaheetharan

Nipun YamdagniNipun Yamdagni

UW/VA Hospitals – Geriatric psychiatrist/Sleep specialist

Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engr.

Timothy Juergens, M.D.William L. Murphy

ClientAdvisor

OverviewOverview Problem StatementProblem Statement Client RequirementsClient Requirements Background InformationBackground Information

MotivationMotivation Current SolutionsCurrent Solutions

Design AlternativesDesign Alternatives Final DesignFinal Design

Data RetrievalData Retrieval Data StorageData Storage Advantages & DisadvantagesAdvantages & Disadvantages

Future WorkFuture Work

Problem StatementProblem Statement

Construct a device that has the ability to Construct a device that has the ability to record time and date information during record time and date information during daily operation of a patient’s standard daily operation of a patient’s standard medication box. In addition, a stationary medication box. In addition, a stationary alarm should be attached in order to alert alarm should be attached in order to alert the user to take their medication. This the user to take their medication. This information should be easily accessed and information should be easily accessed and read on a computer for the client to read on a computer for the client to discuss with the patient, in efforts to discuss with the patient, in efforts to ensure proper adherence.ensure proper adherence.

Client RequirementsClient Requirements

Device must obtain data regarding patient’s Device must obtain data regarding patient’s adherence of their medications.adherence of their medications.

Lightweight and durable.Lightweight and durable. An alarm should alert patient An alarm should alert patient Total prototype cost may not exceed $300.Total prototype cost may not exceed $300. Normal use, includes cleaning the device, Normal use, includes cleaning the device,

may not interfere with recording.may not interfere with recording. Must consume low amounts of power.Must consume low amounts of power.

MotivationMotivation

ComplianceCompliance: Taking correct amount of the : Taking correct amount of the prescribed medicine at the correct time.prescribed medicine at the correct time.

Only 24% of people take their medicines Only 24% of people take their medicines correctly.correctly.

Medicine is only helpful when taken correctly.Medicine is only helpful when taken correctly.

Non-compliance causes 125,000 deaths per Non-compliance causes 125,000 deaths per year in the USA.year in the USA.

Current SolutionsCurrent Solutions

MEMS (Medication Event Monitoring System)MEMS (Medication Event Monitoring System) Recorded with micro-electronic circuitRecorded with micro-electronic circuit Time-stamped medication events sent to computerTime-stamped medication events sent to computer Single vial, doesn’t apply to medication boxSingle vial, doesn’t apply to medication box

E-Pill MD.2E-Pill MD.2 Monitored Automatic Medication DispenserMonitored Automatic Medication Dispenser Stores 3-4 weeks of medicationsStores 3-4 weeks of medications Built-in Alarm via Light or SoundBuilt-in Alarm via Light or Sound Support Center monitoring Support Center monitoring $899$899 Internet Connection Required for LoggingInternet Connection Required for Logging

Piezoelectric SensorsPiezoelectric Sensors One sensor in each One sensor in each

compartmentcompartment Weight change detected when Weight change detected when

pills are removed; time stamppills are removed; time stamp Sufficient sensitivity, but pills Sufficient sensitivity, but pills

would shift too often, causing would shift too often, causing false readingsfalse readings

Patient may turn pill box upside Patient may turn pill box upside down, the force on the sensor down, the force on the sensor changes, and false readings changes, and false readings would be taken from each would be taken from each compartmentcompartment

Single DoorSingle Door One door covers the pill boxOne door covers the pill box

Main door must be opened to access Main door must be opened to access individual compartmentsindividual compartments

Client would like more detailClient would like more detail Which medication was taken whenWhich medication was taken when

No guarantee that pills are taken, if door is No guarantee that pills are taken, if door is openedopened

PhotometerPhotometer

Photometer shines light through each Photometer shines light through each compartment. compartment.

Sensor determines when all light is Sensor determines when all light is detected from the source, which means detected from the source, which means medication has been taken.medication has been taken.

Expensive (~$400 each) x 28 Expensive (~$400 each) x 28 compartmentscompartments

Size restraints of one photometerSize restraints of one photometer One per compartmentOne per compartment

www.photometer.com/en/

Final Design - Data RetrievalFinal Design - Data Retrieval Use a standard 7x4 pill Use a standard 7x4 pill

boxbox A switch on each A switch on each

compartment covercompartment cover Switch matrixSwitch matrix

Can scale up or downCan scale up or down

Micro-controller / micro-Micro-controller / micro-processorprocessor

Circuity hidden from end Circuity hidden from end useruser

Final Design - Data Storage & Final Design - Data Storage & RecoveryRecovery

Micro-controllerMicro-controller

Connector data transferConnector data transfer Only visible sign of Only visible sign of

electronicselectronics

Final Design - Pros & ConsFinal Design - Pros & Cons

ProsPros

Energy efficientEnergy efficientEasy instructionsEasy instructionsDurableDurableLog and download data capabilitiesLog and download data capabilitiesErgonomicErgonomic

ConsCons

Lack of integrated alarm systemLack of integrated alarm systemAdded weightAdded weight

Design MatrixDesign Matrix

367769Total

155Cost (5)

245Weight (2)

354Ease of Use (4)

135Portability (3)

451Degree of Capacity (3)

E-Pill MD.2Precise-Adheren

ce

MEMS

Future WorkFuture Work

Circuit ResearchCircuit Research Gather more materialsGather more materials Physical ConstructionPhysical Construction

Code DevelopmentCode Development

Integrate with prototype medication boxIntegrate with prototype medication box

Alarm AssemblyAlarm Assembly

Questions?Questions?

ReferencesReferences Aardex Ltd. Date Accessed: 22 Sept. 2006. Aardex Ltd. Date Accessed: 22 Sept. 2006.

http://http://www.aardex.chwww.aardex.ch//.. Dytran Instruments Inc. Date Accessed: 22 Dytran Instruments Inc. Date Accessed: 22

Oct. 2006. Oct. 2006. www.dytran.com/graphics/a4.pdfwww.dytran.com/graphics/a4.pdf.. e-pill Medication Reminders. Date Accessed: e-pill Medication Reminders. Date Accessed:

14 Oct. 2006. 14 Oct. 2006. http://http://www.epill.comwww.epill.com.. Sigrist-Photometer AG. Date Accessed: 22 Sigrist-Photometer AG. Date Accessed: 22

Oct. 2006. Oct. 2006. www.photometer.comwww.photometer.com/en//en/..