medical terminology lesson 2. -algia pain painful condition a sensation of hurting strong discomfort...
TRANSCRIPT
-algia
• Pain
• Painful condition
• A sensation of hurting
• Strong discomfort in some part of the body may be caused by injury, disease, or malfunction of a structure transmitted through the nervous system
-algia
• -ia (condition), alg- (pain)
• -algia may be seperated into two parts:
• -algia is used most often meaning pain
• -alg (pain) can be used in other forms such as algesi-, algo-, algeo-, and angio-
• They are used in other forms to avoid confusion with algae (plant group)
Cervic-
• Neck or neck-like structure
• The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; used to name parts of large bones of the body where the bone becomes narrow (constricted) behind the knoblike end (head)
Cervix
• The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; The narrow part of a tooth at the gumline
• The cervix is the name for the neck or necklike part of the body; parts of pearshaped organs such as the uterus, gall bladder, and urinary bladder
Chole-
• Bile; gall; yellow-brown or greenish fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder (cholecyt)
• The purpose of bile is to help digest foods, particularly fat. It is stored in the gallbladder and secreted into the intestines through the common bile duct (cholangi)
Chole-
• Another name for the bile duct is the common bile duct because it is common to (joins) the liver and the gallbladder (choledoch)
• Cholangitis- inflammation of bile duct (bile vessel) angi here meaning tube, duct, or canal vs blood vessel
Chondr-
• Cartilage; gristle; a firm elastic tissue serving principally to connect body parts
• Cartilage is found in joints, in connections between bones, and connected bones with each other
Crani-
• Both crani- and cranium are used to mean 3 different structures- all referring to bones of the head
1. All the bones of the head2. All bones of the head except lower jaw
(mandible)3. Brain case of enclosure; all cranial bones
around the brain, does not include facial bones
Cyan-
• Blue; generally a deep or dark blue
• Have to do with an appearance of blueness usually due to reduction of red coloring matter of the blood (red blood cells (erythrocytes) and component of red blood cells (hemoglobin)
• Can also refer to chemical as with cyanide
cyst
• Sac containing fluid
• Bladder
• A pouch or baglike structure or organ
• Used as a receptacle for secretions
cyst
• Sac is a smaller unit that sack
• Cyst can be an abnormal sac containing fluid or a normal saclike structure such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder
end-
• Inside; within; inner (sometimes seen in the for ent-)
• Indicates “pointing to” something inside a body part
• It may name the inner lining (usually membrane) using the form end/o/___/ium
hem(at)-
• Blood; the fluid that circulates in the heart (cardi-) and blood vessels (hemangi-) carrying nourishment and oxygen to the body cells.
hem(at)-
1. If a root ends with the letter “m” it have the form “mat”
2. If a root begins with the letter “h” and begins the medical term the “h” will be retained. If the root is proceeded by another root the “h” will be dropped
Retained: hemangioma
Dropped: hyperemia
hyper-
• Above, more than normal; excessive; opposite of hypo- (underneath or deficient)
• Although it may be used to indicate “located above” it usually means “excessive” or “more than usual
hypo-
• Under; beneath; deficient; less than normal; underneath or below in space; opposite of hyper-
• Hypotension- diminished tension; low blood pressure
• Hypodermic- underneath the skin
hyster-
• Uterus; womb; hollow muscle organ in the female in which the egg is deposited after fertilization and develops until birth
lip-
• Fat; fatty; fatty tissue
• Many tumors may consists of fatty substances and additional substances
• Fibrolipoma- tumor containing threadlike fibers and fat
lith-
• Stone; a mass of extremely hard material; a calculus (an abnormal hardening of body substances or chemicals, particularly mineral salts)
• Chole/lith- gallstones
• Nephr/o/lith- kidney stones
-lysis
• Loosening; set free; destruction; release; breaking down; decomposition; freeing; dissolving
• Lysis is a word meaning destruction; decomposition of chemical compound; loosening, as of an organ from adhesions (an abnormal “sticking together” of adjoining parts of the body)
my-
• Muscle; body organs consisting of bundles of cells or fibers that can be contracted and expanded to produce bodily movements
-oid
• Like; resembling; having the form or shape of– lipoid – like or resembling fat
• Also used to describe tumors as alternatives to –oma suffixed words– Adenoid- a tumor consisting of glandular or
glandlike material
ophthalm-opt-
• Ophthalm- the eye or eyes
• Opt- seeing; vision; light
• Optic- usually used to refer to the eye
• Optical- usually used to refer to sight
Ophthal-opt-
• Ophthalmologist- a physician, a doctor of medicine, specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye
• Optometrist- a doctor of optometry clinically trained and licensed to treat visual defects with corrective lenses and other methods not requiring license as a physician
ost-
• Bone; bone tissue• May appear in the forms of ost, oste, oss, ossi,
osse• Ost- and oste- are root words in dealing with
disease conditions and therapy to correct disease conditions
• Oss-, ossi-, osse- used in the naming of anatomical parts involving bone and normal biological processes involving bone
proct-
• “anus”, the past part of the digestive tube, measuring about 18 centimeters (7 inches) through which solid waste products are expelled from the body
• Anus- opening that feces are expelled• Anal- about 4 centimeters (1 ½ inches)
through which feces pass for expulsion• Rectum- about 13 cm (5”) that serves as a
storage pouch for feces until it is expelled.
proct-
• Technically the element proct- is restricted to words dealing with the rectum. However, medical usage broadens the application of the element to include anus, anal canal, and rectum
psycho-
• Mind; mental processes; the processes of thought, judgement, and emotion
• Psych- is used to express the behavior resulting from physical processes taking place in the brain (cerebr)
psych-
• Ologist- one who studies- “knower” or “healer”
• -iatrist- always refers to a physician, “healer”
• Clinical psychologist provides treatment for mental disorders but it limited by license or laws governing medical practice
psych-
• Psyciatrist- “healer of the mind”- a physician and is limited only by laws governing physicians
• Psychoanalysis- state or condition of loosening the backwards
-scop
• observe; look; reveal
• Scope- the –e carries the meaning of “instrument for”- means “instrument for observing”
-ar
• Pertaining to; having a connection
• This “pertaining to” suffix is most frequently applied to words ending in –l and –le and is in the form –ular.
• Triangle- triang/ular
• Muscle- musc/ular
-cle
• Small; little
• This terminal forms a “diminutive” that is the dictionary term for a word denoting a small version of the thing indicated by the main part of the word
• A part/i/cle is a “small part”
• An oss/i/cle is “a small bone”
-e
• Means of; instrument for
• This terminal usually applied to actions roots (verbs) to denote a means by which an action is performed, an instrument for performing the action
• Scop/e- a means of looking or observing, an instrument for looking or observing
-an, -ian
• Of or belonging to; frequently a person belonging to or associated with
• Europe/an
• Ohio/an
• Flori/ian
-ist
• One who practices; one who does; one who does; one who is concerned with
• Chem/ist
• Humor/ist
• Novel/ist
-ium
• Noun ending/ frequently means place or region, lining or covering tissue
• Auditor/ium- place for hearing
• Pod/ium- place for standing
ule
• Small, little; a diminutive
• Glob/ule- tiny ball or globe
• Caps/ule- small container
• Ven/ule- small vein