Medical EntomologyMedical Entomology

Cockroach Cockroach Biology and Biology and ControlControl

Relate the biology of cockroaches to the Relate the biology of cockroaches to the appropriate control measuresappropriate control measures

ObjectiveObjectiveهدفهدف

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Life CycleLife Cycle

HabitsHabits

SurveillanceSurveillance

Control MeasuresControl Measures

OverviewOverviewمرورمرور

DistributionDistribution

Very successful groupVery successful groupVirtually unchanged in 400 million yearsVirtually unchanged in 400 million years

4,000 species worldwide 4,000 species worldwide Most are tropicalMost are tropical30 species are associated with human 30 species are associated with human habitations habitations Four species are well known as pests Four species are well known as pests

Can be indirectly transported from one Can be indirectly transported from one location to anotherlocation to another

DescriptionDescription

General description :General description :

Oval body shapeOval body shape

Head hidden from aboveHead hidden from above

Long antennaeLong antennae

Running legsRunning legs

May or may not have wingsMay or may not have wings

General Biology General Biology and Life Cycleand Life Cycle

Gradual metamorphosisGradual metamorphosisEggEggNymphNymphAdultAdult

Number of eggs varies based on species and Number of eggs varies based on species and environmentenvironmentLife span of 6 months to 2 yearsLife span of 6 months to 2 years

HabitatHabitat

Dark, warm, humid placesDark, warm, humid places

Cracks and other sheltered placesCracks and other sheltered places

NocturnalNocturnal

Food SourcesFood Sources

Omnivorous (eats almost anything)Omnivorous (eats almost anything)

Starches and sweetsStarches and sweets

Animal and vegetable productsAnimal and vegetable products

Book bindings, wall paper, etc.Book bindings, wall paper, etc.

Human ear wax, toenails, etc.Human ear wax, toenails, etc.

Medical ImportanceMedical Importance

Mechanical disease vector…spreads disease Mechanical disease vector…spreads disease by contact with food or food surfacesby contact with food or food surfaces

Produce allergens from cast skins and fecesProduce allergens from cast skins and feces

Cockroach SurveillanceCockroach Surveillance

Biggest reason for surveillance is to determine the Biggest reason for surveillance is to determine the need for control need for control

Preventive medicine personnel respond to complaints Preventive medicine personnel respond to complaints about cockroachesabout cockroaches

Preventive medicine personnel also observe for signs Preventive medicine personnel also observe for signs of cockroaches during routine inspections of the of cockroaches during routine inspections of the DFAC, barracks, etc.DFAC, barracks, etc.

Cockroach SurveillanceCockroach Surveillance

Cockroach feces are a sign of infestationCockroach feces are a sign of infestation

Cockroach SurveillanceCockroach Surveillance

You should check food preparation areas at You should check food preparation areas at least quarterlyleast quarterlyIn reality, you will likely do a sticky trap In reality, you will likely do a sticky trap surveillance only when your routine inspections surveillance only when your routine inspections suggest a problemsuggest a problemIf cockroaches are found, check sanitationIf cockroaches are found, check sanitationApply pesticide only as a last choiceApply pesticide only as a last choice

Night SurveillanceNight Surveillance

Night surveillance of facilitiesNight surveillance of facilities

Perform 30 minutes to 1 hour after a facility closesPerform 30 minutes to 1 hour after a facility closes

Use yellow filter on your flashlightUse yellow filter on your flashlight

Sticky Trap SurveillanceSticky Trap Surveillance

Sticky trapsSticky traps

Practical and effective; best overall methodPractical and effective; best overall method

Great for surveying many facilities at onceGreat for surveying many facilities at once

Sticky TrapsSticky Traps

Set traps around food, in potential harborage, Set traps around food, in potential harborage, watering areaswatering areas

Use enough trapsUse enough traps

At least 10 in a dining facilityAt least 10 in a dining facility

Sticky TrapsSticky Traps

Put traps out 2-4 days after application of Put traps out 2-4 days after application of pesticidepesticide

Leave out for 2-4 daysLeave out for 2-4 days

Replace new traps in exact same spotReplace new traps in exact same spot

Cockroach Surveillance Cockroach Surveillance Thresholds Thresholds

Two to 8 cockroaches / trap / night: potential Two to 8 cockroaches / trap / night: potential problem; insecticide spot treat until trap index goes problem; insecticide spot treat until trap index goes downdown

Over 8 cockroaches / trap / night: serious problem; Over 8 cockroaches / trap / night: serious problem; check sanitation, use wide area treatment with check sanitation, use wide area treatment with insecticideinsecticide

Also, if nymphs of all sizes and adults are observed, Also, if nymphs of all sizes and adults are observed, likely indicates serious problem; check sanitation, use likely indicates serious problem; check sanitation, use wide area treatment with insecticidewide area treatment with insecticide

Cockroach Surveillance Cockroach Surveillance Thresholds Thresholds

High populations may indicate:High populations may indicate:

Poor facility sanitationPoor facility sanitation

Possible insecticide resistancePossible insecticide resistance

Integrated Pest Integrated Pest Management Management (IPM)(IPM)

A combination of control techniques to prevent, A combination of control techniques to prevent, eliminate, or suppress pests eliminate, or suppress pests

The objective of IPM is to reduce the reliance on The objective of IPM is to reduce the reliance on pesticides and keep their use to a minimumpesticides and keep their use to a minimum

IPMIPM

Sanitation is most importantSanitation is most important

Exclusion of pestsExclusion of pests

Harborage eliminationHarborage elimination

Chemical controlChemical control

IPM - SanitationIPM - Sanitation

Environmental SanitationEnvironmental Sanitation is the is the keykey to cockroach control to cockroach control

Eliminate Sources Of FoodEliminate Sources Of Food: Clean up spilled items & : Clean up spilled items & crumbs, remove food wastes and garbage, seal food crumbs, remove food wastes and garbage, seal food containers, wash dishes, remove grease build-up on walls containers, wash dishes, remove grease build-up on walls and equipment and equipment

Eliminate Sources Of WaterEliminate Sources Of Water: They must have : They must have waterwater… … single most important factor for survival; wipe up spilled single most important factor for survival; wipe up spilled liquids, fix plumbing, seal leaksliquids, fix plumbing, seal leaks

IPM - ExclusionIPM - Exclusion

ExclusionExclusion: Keep them out of the building; deny access to : Keep them out of the building; deny access to rooms; prevent entry into kitchensrooms; prevent entry into kitchens

Keep doors and windows closedKeep doors and windows closed

Fix screens / weather stripping on doors / windowsFix screens / weather stripping on doors / windows

Caulk cracks and crevices to deny accessCaulk cracks and crevices to deny access

Use mesh screening for floor drainsUse mesh screening for floor drains

IPM - Harborage EliminationIPM - Harborage Elimination

Harborage EliminationHarborage Elimination: Take away their hiding places and : Take away their hiding places and living quartersliving quarters

Pick up clutterPick up clutter: Bags, boxes, paper, etc.: Bags, boxes, paper, etc.

Clutter is harborage and also helps cockroaches avoid Clutter is harborage and also helps cockroaches avoid insecticidesinsecticides

Caulk and seal cracks and crevicesCaulk and seal cracks and crevices

Denies them a place to hide and waitDenies them a place to hide and wait

IPM – Chemical ControlIPM – Chemical Control

Chemical Control (insecticides)Chemical Control (insecticides)::

Excellent quick knockdownExcellent quick knockdown

Use sanitation, exclusion, and harborage elimination firstUse sanitation, exclusion, and harborage elimination first

Chemical control is always a last choiceChemical control is always a last choice

Pesticide UsePesticide Use

Use of chemicals should be a last choice Use of chemicals should be a last choice

If you use chemicals:If you use chemicals:

Use correct chemicalsUse correct chemicals

Apply correctlyApply correctly

In a kitchen, remove food and cover In a kitchen, remove food and cover countertops, then sanitize countertops before countertops, then sanitize countertops before food service food service

SummarySummary

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Life CycleLife Cycle

HabitsHabits

SurveillanceSurveillance

Control MeasuresControl Measures

Questions?Questions?

سواالتسواالت