672 Indian Journal of Pediatrics

should be, what hygienic rules she must observe so as not to injure her organism.

I f a pregnant woman is employed at an industrial establishment or office, the administration also shares the responsibility for her health.

Expectant mothers are transferred to lighter work without any reduc- tion in the pay whatever. They are not allowed to work in the night shifts and are not to be asked, let alone forced, to work overtime, no matter how necessary it may be for the enterprise. Neither are they sent on business trips.

Babies from birth up to the age of three are accepted in nurseries. The nursery has a well-organized regime, provides a high caloric diet, and constant medical observation. The nurseries pay great attention to strength- ening the children's organism. The toddlet's are taken out-of-doors twice a day. In most of the nurseries they sleep in the fresh air and are given air baths and are sponged the whole year round if possible.

Today the permanent nurseries accommodate over a million children, while an extensive network of seasonal nurseries is opened every year during field work. Seasonal nurseries cater to 2.5 million peasant children. Many city nurseries spend the summer in picturesque spots out of town.

Women who are not employed mostly bring up their children at home. But this does not mean that the children are not looked after by the public health service. Free medical services to the population include active medical observation over the health of mothers and children. Women's and children's consultation centres constantly observe the conditions of children, and give all the necessary prophylactic injections. Attached to these consultation centres are milk kitchens which prepare various foods for babies. A mother who for some reason or other cannot feed her child at the breast herself can receive, in these clinics, mother's milk which the state buys from donors.

M e d i c a l E d u c a t o r s o f W o r l d to H o l d C o n f e r e n c e *

Medical educators from more than sixtytwo countries will meet at the Palmer House, Chicago, from Illinois, August 30 to September 4, 1959 to exchange information and consider the problems of graduate, postgraduate and continuing education for the doctors of the world.

"Medicine--A Lifelong Study" wilLbe the theme of the Second World Conference on Medical Education organized and sponsored by The World Medical Association in collaboration with the World Health Organization, the International Association of Universities and the Council for Inter- national Organization of Medical Sciences.

The Program Committee has invited approximately 125 speakers from more than 55 countries to present papers and has planned the program with a view toward devoting adequate time for discussion on each topic. Simul- taneous translation in English, French and Spanish will facilitate the ex-

* FrQn~ W.M,A, Prcsr Release,

Notes 673

change of ideas among the world's leading medical educators, investigators and practitioners as they seek efficient application of medical methods for assisting every doctor to increase his knowledge of medicine concomitantly with the rapid advances in medical science.

In addition to the didactic program, the American Medical Association and Association of American Medical Colleges, as Conference hosts, are offering pre- and post-convention tours to various centres of medical edu- cation. During the Conference week, the five medical schools in the Chicago area wiU be open for observation and comparison by the Conference parti- cipants. These schools represent the three prevalent systems in the USA for providing medical education--namely schools owned and operated by non- governmental, non-religious associations; religious ownership and operation; and governmental management.

A technical and scientific exhibit will feature the most recent educa- tional aids and methods. Scientific advances in technology and the psycho- logy of education will be combined to demonstrate the effectiveness of their application in medical education.

T h e social program is being planned to facilitate personal contact between the participants arid provide opportunity for informal exchange of ideas,