medical applications of laser plasma accelerators · medical applications of laser plasma...

STFC Feb. 2015SCAPA [email protected]

Scottish Universities Physics Alliance

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF LASER PLASMA

ACCELERATORS

Dino JaroszynskiUniversity of Strathclyde


Scottish Universities

Physics Alliance

Laser beam driven plasma

accelerators

X-Ray Phase contrast Imaging

Radioisotope production

Particle beam radiotherapy

Plasma-accelerators towards applications


Bubble structure – relativistic regime

laser

self-injected

electron bunch

undergoing

betatron

oscillations

ion bubble

First experiments

on controlled

acceleration:

2004

ALPHA-X (UK: IC,

Strathclyde, RAL)

LBNL (US)

LOA (France)

0

2

paR

ion bubble radius


ALPHA-X: Advanced Laser Plasma High-energy Accelerators towards X-rays – Template for SCAPA

Compact R&D facility to develop and apply

femtosecond duration particle, synchrotron,

free-electron laser and gamma ray sources

70 75 80 85 90 95 1000

250

500

750

1000

No

. e

lec

tro

ns

/ M

eV

[a

.u.]

Electron energy [MeV]

(b)

(a)

electron beam spectrum

phase contrast

imaging

with 50 keV

photons

beam emittance: <1 p mm mrad

CTR: electron

bunch duration:

1-3 fs0.7%

Brilliant particle source: 10 MeV → GeV, kA peak current, fs duration

FEL1J 30 fs

capillary &

0 5 10 15

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Measured TR signal

1 fs

1.5 fs

2 fs

2.5 fs

3 fs

4 fs

TR

(J/m

)

Wavelength (m)

= 2.8 nm – 1 m

(<1GeV beam)

ALPHA-X

@ Strathclyde

30-40 TW

Jaroszynski et al., (Royal Society Transactions, 2006)


Energy spread, beam loading and stability studies

130 135 140 145 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

Counts

Energy [MeV]

r.m.s.

spread of

the mean

energy 2.8%

No dark

current100 110 120 130 140 150

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Charg

e/u

nit e

nerg

y [a.u

.]

Energy [MeV]

Maximum energy obtained in

2 mm = 360 MeV

0.75%

Absolute

energy spread

< 600 keV

Best operation conditions


-20 -10 0 10 200

10

20

30

40

50

Count

Angle [mrad]

TP

2.8 mrad spread

TN

0.6 mrad spread

-6 -4 -2 0 2 40

5

10

15

20

cou

nts

horizontal position (mrad)

x = 1.4 mrad

(a)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 40

5

10

15

20

cou

nts

vertical position (mrad)

(b)

y = 1.3 mrad

Electron

beam

recorded on

YAG screen

High

resolution

Electron beam pointing deviation is less

than one spot size

Electron Beam- Pointing Stability

no PMQs PMQs in

Gas jet

Capillary


Measuring emittance

Brunetti et al., PRL (2010)

Manahan et al., New J. Phys. (2014).

Maesure emiitance: e = 1 p mm mrad


• Wiggler motion – electron deflection angle q ~(px/pz) is much larger than the angular

spread of the radiation j(1/γ)

• Only when k & p point in the same direction do we get a radiation contribution.

• Spectrum rich in harmonics – peaking at

• Radiation rate therefore only emission at dephasing length

1ua

deflection angle – au /

j=1/

33

8

ucrit

ah

2W dL

Synchrotron radiation from ion channel wiggler: betatron radiation


Divergence and source sizerb = 7 m source size

Resonant Betatron radiation phase contrast imaging

Cipiccia et al., Nature Physics (2011), & RSI (2013)

RAL

Strathclyde


Ion Channel Laser

0.01

Similar to FEL but

with variable

wiggler parameter

for each electron

Ersfeld et al., NJP

(2014)


1.8 cm 3.8 cm 5.8 cm 7.8 cm 9.8 cm

11.8 cm 13.8 cm 15.8 cm 17.8 cm 19.8 cm

1.8 cm 3.8 cm 5.8 cm 7.8 cm 9.8 cm

11.8 cm 13.8 cm 15.8 cm 17.8 cm 19.8 cm

Measurement

(above) vs MC

calculated

(below) dose

maps for

several depths

in water for

142 MeV

electron beam.

Subiel, et al.,

PMB 59, 5811

(2014)

Moskvin, et al.,

PMB 39, 3813

(2012)

VHEE: Measured and calculated dose maps



Physics Alliance

Focussing Very High Energy Electrons

Beam transportFocused beam simulation studies


Strathclyde UV undulator measurements

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

0.0

0.1

0.2

ch

arg

e d

ensity [

pc/M

eV

]

energy [MeV]

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

0.0

5.0x104

1.0x105

1.5x105

sp

ectr

al in

ten

sity [

ph

oto

ns/n

m]

wavelength [nm]

2.4%

8.3%

2 pC

6 x 106 photons measured

1/2

2 2 2 2 22 / / ( ) 1 / umeasuredN

22 2

2

1(1 );

2 2 2

u u

u

a

N

q

ˆ

2

uu

eBa

mc

p

1

uN Nu=100, u=1.5 cm

42 fs

107 photons predicted

First experiments in visible: HP Schlenvoigt, et al.,

Nature Physics 4 (2), 130-133

MP Anania, et al.,

Applied Physics

Letters 104, 264102

(2014)


Scottish Centre for the Application of

Plasma-based Accelerators (SCAPA)

• Expansion of ALPHA-X laser-plasma accelerator

facilities at Strathclyde with new laboratories.

• In-depth programme of Applications.

• Accelerator and source Research & Development.

• Knowledge Exchange & Commercialisation

• Engagement in European and other large projects.

• Training: Centre for Doctoral Training in the Application

of Next Generation Accelerations

• 3 shielded areas with 7 accelerator beam lines.

• High-intensity femtosecond laser systems:

a) 300-350 TW (with provision for PW) @ 5 Hz,

b) 40 TW @ 10 Hz,

c) sub-TW @ 1 kHz.

• High-energy proton, ion and electron bunches.

• High-brightness fs duration X-ray & gamma-ray pulses.

APPLICATIONS• Radiobiology• Ultrafast Probing• High-Resolution Imaging• Radioisotope Production• Detector Development• Radiation Damage Testing

40 mm

Compact GeV electron accelerator

and gamma-ray source


ALPHA-X: Current and past collaborators:

Lancaster U., Cockcroft Institute / STFC - ASTeC, STFC – RAL CLF, U. St. Andrews, U.

Dundee, U. Abertay-Dundee, U. Glasgow, Imperial College, IST Lisbon, U. Paris-Sud -

LPGP, Pulsar Physics, UTA, CAS Beijing, U. Tsinghua, Shanghai Jiao Tong U., Beijing,

Capital Normal U. Beijing, APRI, GIST Korea, UNIST Korea, LBNL, FSU Jena, U.

Stellenbosch, U. Oxford, UCL, LAL, PSI, U. Twente, TUE, U. Bochum, IU Simon Cancer

Center, Indianapolis, MGS Research, Inc., Madison, Royal Marsden, ELI-NP, ELI-ALPS,

ELI-Beamlines ....

ALPHA-X project

Support: Strathclyde University, EPSRC, CSO, EU-FP7 Laserlab & EUCARD, STFC

Strathclyde (15 students and 16 staff):

Team: Dino Jaroszynski (Director), ZhengMing Sheng, Bernhard Hidding, Enrico

Brunetti, Cristian Ciocarlan, Silvia Cipiccia, David Clark, Rudolf Csernyei, Bernhard

Ersfeld, Paul Farrell, David Grant, Peter Grant, Ranaul Islam, Karolina Kokourewicz,

Panos Lepipas, Tom McCanny, Martin Mitchell, Graeme McKendrick, Grace Manahan,

Maryam Mohagheghniapour, Adam Noble, Craig Picken, Guarav Raj, David Reboredo

Gil, Phil Tooley, Gregory Vieux, Maria Weikum, Gregor Welsh, Mark Wiggins, Xue Yang,

Sam Yoffe Strathclyde Collaborators: Marie Boyd, Annette Sorensen, Gordon Rob,

Brian McNeil, Ken Ledingham and Paul McKenna

https://www.stfc.ac.uk/images/web/2473/2473_web_3.jpg

https://www.stfc.ac.uk/images/web/2473/2473_web_3.jpg



Physics Alliance

FIN

Thank you

medical applications of laser plasma accelerators · medical applications of laser plasma...

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