AGRICULTURAL CROP DISEASE AND PEST CONTROL BIOLOGICAL MEANS DEVELOPED IN THE INSTITUTE OF THE BIOLOGICAL PLANT PROTECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

TRICHODERMIN BL- the base of the preparation is fungus Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) Harz, strain M-10. The preparation contains fungus spores, mycelium pieces and barley wastes from the Trichogramma production. It is used for the control of root rots, white and gray moulds of vegetable, bean and flower crops and tobacco seedlings; gray mould of strawberry and grape; ascohitosis of cucumber; fuzariosis and verticillosis of vegetable and essential oil crops. Trichodermin reduces plant damage by the above-mentioned diseases by 2-3 times, stimulates growth and development of plants and raises yield by 25-30%. There are regulations, TC (Technical Conditions) and recommendations for the preparation.

TRICHODERMIN F7- the base of the preparation is fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, strain TF7, granulated and liquid forms. It is used for the control of root rots of vegetable green crops and carnations, ascohitosis and white mould of cucumbers. It reduces root rots by 1.5-2 times, white mould from 40 to 0.5%, raises yield by 1.5-2 kg/sq.m.

NEMATOPHAGIN BL- the base of the preparation is fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Fres, strain 3062D. It representes a mixture of cultural substrate with fungul conidia mass and mycelium. It is used for the control of the gall nematode of vegetable crops, strawberry and garlic. It reduces meloydogenesis by 2-3 times, raises yield by 0.5-1 kg/sq.m. There are regulations, TC and recommendations for the preparation.

VERTICILLIN - the base of the preparation is fungus Verticillium lecanii (cn) vilgas, strain C-3, wettable powder. It is used for the control of whitefly. Effectiveness reaches 95% under the conditions of high (85%) air humidity and temperature 20-28%C. There are regulations, TC and recommendations for the preparation.

MICAF - the base of the preparation is anti aphid strain of the fungus Verticillium lecanii. The preparation represents a mixture of nutrient substrate, mycelium and spores. It is used for the control of the melon aphid. Its effectiveness reaches 97-100% under conditions of high humidity. There are regulations, TC and recommendations for the preparation.

RHIZOPLAN - the base of the preparation is bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens AP-33. It is used for the control of root rots of cereal, vegetable crops, tobacco and pea. It reduces morbidity on 30%, raises yield of cereals on 300-400 kg/ha.

PENTAPHAG - ecologically pure viral preparation for the control of bacterioses of stone and melon crops (plum, melons, water-melons, cucumber, pumpkin). The preparation is based on bacteriophages sensible to plant diseases caused by bacteria of Pseudomonas and Xantomonas groups. The form of the preparation is liquid suspension, the rate of application is 3.5 l/ha. The preparation is mastered by Slobodzea biolaboratory. The Institute carries out author supervision and stock culture maintenance.

VIRIN ABB 3 - ecologically pure viral preparation for the control of fall webworm Hyphantria cunea in orchards and forest-parks. The preparation is based on the nuclear polyhedrosis and granulosis viruses with cumulative and synergetic action. The titre is 5 bn/g. The rate of application is 0.1-0.2 kg/ha. It has after- and epizootology effects.

VIRIN KS - ecologically pure viral biopreparation for the control of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae on cabbage, tomatoes, vegetable crops. The preparation is based on the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the cabbage moth. The titre is 3 bn/g. The rate of application is 0.08-0.2 kg/ha. The preparation is compatible with entomophagous releases.

VIRIN OS - ecologically pure viral biopreparation for the control of turnip moth Agrotis segetum and moths from Agrotis genera (Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis exclamationis). It is used on vegetable, melon, technical (tobacco, sugar beet) crops and medicinal grasses. The preparation is based on the granulosis and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses with synergetic action. The titre is 3 bn/g. The rate of application is 0.1 kg/ha. The preparation is compatible with Trichogramma, Bracon, Apantelis and others entomophages releases.

VIRIN HS 2 - ecologically pure viral preparation for the control of Heliothis group moths. This modified preparation is based on the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the non-specific host. The titre is 3 bn/g. Under the conditions of Moldova it is recommended for the control of Noctuidae moths on tomatoes, pepper, sweet corn and others. The rate of application is 0.2 kg/ha.

VIRIN CP - ecologically pure viral preparation for the

control of the codling moth Cydia pomonella in orchards. It is based on the granulosis virus of the codling moth. The titre is 3 bn/g. The rate of application is 0.1 kg/ha. The preparation is compatible in tank mixture with fungicides except Bordeaux liquid and mercury preparations.

ENTOMOPHAGES AND PHYTOPHAGES

ENCARSIA - parasite of green-house whitefly, effective release rates are 50-100 thousands/ha.

PHYTOSEIULUS - predator of spider mites, effective release rates are 200-500 thousands/ha.

APHIDIUS - parasite of the peach aphid, effective release rates are 20-50 thousands/ha.

METASEIULUS - predator mite for the control of phytophagous OCCIDENTALIS mites, effective release rates are 5-10 thousands/ha.

AMBLYSEIUS - predator mite for the control of phytophagous CALIFORNICUS mites on apple, pear and plum. Effective application rates are 4-5 thousands/ha.

DIBRACHIS - pupa parasite used for the control of orchard and CAVUS grape leaf rollers. Application rates are 5-10 thousands/ha.

LYSIPHLEBUS - melon aphid parasite. Effective application rates are 50-100 thousands/ha.

APHIDOLETES - predator of different aphid species. Effective APHIDIMISA release rates are 100-500 thousands/ha.

AMBLYSEIUS - predator of different trip species. Effective release rates are 0.5-1 million/ha. ENTOMOPHAGES FOR THE CONTROL OF THE FIELD PESTS AND PERSPECTIVE ENTOMOPHAGES

TRICHOGRAMMA - egg parasite of the complex of moths and the EVANESCENS European corn borer. Effective release rates are 100-150 thousands/ha depending on the pest density.

TRICHOGRAMMA - egg parasite for the control of the European corn NUBILALI borer. Effective release rates are 100-150 thousands/ha.

TRICHOGRAMMA - egg parasite for the control of cutworms on PINTOI sugar beat and other crops including bare fallow. Effective release rates are 100-200 thousands/ha.

TRICHOGRAMMA - egg parasite for the control of orchard and grape EMBRYOPHAGUM leaf rollers. Effective release rates are

(DENDROLIMI) 300-800 thousands/ha depending on the pest density.

PODISUS - predator of the Colorado potato beetle, polyphage. MACULIVENTRIS Effective release rates are not determined and depend on the stage this entomophage is used at. As a guide 50 thousands/ha. It is profitable on aubergines and early potato.

HAIOIA - pupal parasite of the cabbage moth used for the control of forests and ornamental crops.

Regulations have been developed for laboratory production of theLepidopteran phytophagous insects without diapause which are used as the base for elaboration and production of biological means such as microbiological preparations and entomophages:

MAMESTRA - for production of the viral preparation VIRIN-KSBRASSICAE L. and rearing of Trichogramma egg parasite.

HELICOVERPA - for production of the viral preparation VIRIN-HSARMIGERA H. and rearing of Trichogramma egg parasite. AGROTIS - for production of the viral preparation VIRIN-OSSEGETUM SF. and rearing of Podisus and Haioia predator bugs. LASPEYRESIA - for production of the viral preparation VIRIN-KP.POMONELLA

OSTRINIA - for production of the viral preparation NUBILALIS and rearing of Trichogramma egg parasite.

EPHESTIA - for rearing of entomophages, Podisus, Haioia, KUHNIELLA Dibrachis.

PARASITISM LEVEL - the treatments against ring, upper and lower FOR THE CANCEL moths on apple are canceled with the parasitism OF THE CONTROL level over 35%.

EXPRESS-METHOD FOR TRICHOGRAMMA SPECIES IDENTIFICATION

The precise identification Trichogramma species is very important for the use of Trichogramma as biological control agent. An express-method has been developed for identification of Trichogramma species by esperase spectre. The method has a high productivity and allows to reveal admixture of other species in the sample at early stage of parasite development.

ARTIFICIAL NUTRITIONAL DIETS FOR ENTOMOPHAGES

Artificial nutritional diets for five Chrisopa species, Podisus predatory bug, Trichogramma and Bracon have been developed.

MEANS FOR MECHANIZATION OF LABOUR-CONSUMING PROCESSES OF ENTOMOPHAGE PRODUCTION

Equipment for the Production of Trichogramma

1. Device for technical seed treatment. Productivity is 200-250 kg of seeds per hour. Reduces the labour expenses by 2.5-3 times, raises bioproduction on 15-18%.

2. Device for moth maintenance and of Sitotroga cerealella eggs collection. The device liquidates manual labour, reduces the technological losses by 1.5 times, raises the biomaterial quality.

3. Device for the Trichogramma quality evaluation.

4. Vivarium for the Trichogramma reproduction.

5. Device for the Trichogramma storage.

Equipment for the Release of Trichogramma

6. Device for air release of Trichogramma. Productivity is up to 600 ha/8 working hours.

7. Device for tractor release of Trichogramma in the field. a) URT-1. Productivity is up to 12 ha/8 working hours. b) URT-20. Productivity is up to 30 ha/8 working hours.

8. Device for release of Trichogramma in vineyards. Productivity is up to 30 ha/8 working hours.

Equipment for mass rearing of: 9. Encarsia. Consists of: a) device for Encarsia pupae collection b) device for Encarsia sorting c) device for Encarsia marking and packing productionEquipment complex reduces production expenses by 6 times.

10. Phytoseiulus. Consists of: a) cages for reproduction b) device for Phytoseiulus collection c) device for sorting and packing Equipment complex reduces production expenses by 2 times.

11. Aphidoletes aphidimyza. Consists of: a) equipment for aphid production b) equipment for imago maintenance c) equipment for pupa rearing and collection d) release and packing systemEquipment complex reduces production expenses by 5 times.

12. Amblyseius. Consists of: a) equipment for mite reproduction and rearing b) equipment for Amblyseius packing and useEquipment complex reduces production expenses by 2 times.

13. Aphid parasites (Aphidius, Lysiphlebus). Consists of: a) equipment for aphid production

b) equipment for reproduction and rearing of parasites c) equipment for collection of parasites d) equipment for packing and application of parasitesEquipment complex reduces production expenses by 4 times.

14. Chrysopa. Consists of: a) vivarium for adult insect rearing and egg collection b) vivarium for larva individual rearing till pupa stage c) vivarium for larva rearing and release d) evice for egg collection e) device for encapsulation of liquid foodEquipment complex reduces production expenses by 4 times.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

AGROTIS SEGETUM - for monitoring and determination of pest PHEROMONE population

PYRAUSTA NUBILALIS - for monitoring and optimization of release HB NUTRITION terms for Trichogramma and Bracon PHEROMONE

GRAPE LEAF ROLLER - for optimization of terms of chemical treat-PHEROMONE ments against the grape leaf rollers - for the control of the grape leaf rollers by the method of mass male trapping

CODLING MOTH - for optimization of terms of chemical treat-PHEROMONE ments against the codling moth in orchards - for the control of the codling moth by the method of mass male trapping

PLUM MOTH AND - for optimization of terms of chemical treat-ORIENTAL MOTH ments against the plum and oriental moths onPHEROMONE peach, apricot and plum - for the control of the plum and oriental moths by the method of mass male trapping

COLORADO TORTRICID - for optimization of terms of chemical treat-PHEROMONE ments against the Colorado Tortricid in orchards

SAN JOSE SCALE - for optimization of terms of chemical treat- PHEROMONE ments against the San Jose scale

APPLE TORTRICID - for optimization of terms of chemical treat-(MOTH) PHEROMONE ments in orchards

COTTON, YPSILON - for determination of terms of chemical treat- AND EXCLAMATIONIS ments against these pests on field andMOTH PHEROMONE technical crops

MINERS PHEROMONES -FORAGE PESTS - for the control and monitoring of these pests PHEROMONE by the method of mass male trapping