mcquay chilled water solution

7/25/2019 McQuay Chilled Water Solution

1/260

Technical Training 2007Technical Training 2007Technical Training 2007

5ACV30 CR5ACV30 CR

5ACV55/75 CR5ACV55/75 CR

5ACV100/135/210 CR5ACV100/135/210 CR

Chilled Water System :

Air-Cooled Inverter Mini Chiller


2/260


System Schematic DiagramSystem Schematic Diagram

Advantages of Chilled Water SystemAdvantages of Chilled Water System

Product LineupProduct Lineup Design & ApplicationDesign & Application

Content

Product FeaturesProduct Features

Schematic Diagram & ComponentsSchematic Diagram & Components

Installation & CommissioningInstallation & Commissioning Self Diagnosis & TroubleshootingSelf Diagnosis & Troubleshooting

Smart ManagerSmart Manager

Selection SoftwareSelection Software

CompetitorCompetitors Products Comparisons Products Comparison


3/260


System Schematic Diagram


4/260


System Schematic Diagram

Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger(cooler)

Water

45oF

55oF

Refrigerant Cycle CompressorTXV

Liquid receiver

FCU

StorageTank

Pump

Chilledwater out

Chilled

water in

Water Circuit

Condenser


5/260


Advantages of

Chilled WaterSystem


6/260


Quiet Operation

Simple on Site

Installation

Versatility in

System Coupling

Flexible in Installation

And Commissioning

Low Cost of

Installation

Chilled WaterChilled Water

AdvantagesAdvantages

Long PipingApplication

Centralized

ControlMultiple Zone

Temperature

Control

Advantages of Chilled Water System


7/260


Offers flexibility

during installation



8/260



No on-site refrigerant charge

No time consuming refrigerant balancing

and adjustment

Eliminate accident or malfunction

Light weight and compact size for ease of

handling


9/260



Quiet operation due to minimized

outdoor units and mini chiller can

be placed far away from room


10/260



One to One

One to many


11/260



versus

Chilled Water System DX System

Water

PVC

Refrigerant

Copper


12/260



Year Round Comfort

Multiple Temperature Zone Control

ack To Content


13/260


Product Lineup


14/260


Product Lineup

Cooling Only/ Heat Pump Model Cooling Only/ Heat Pump Model

Cooling Only/ Heat Pump Model Cooling Only/ Heat Pump Model

Heat Pump

055

MAC- CSeries

M4AC-CSeries

120100 150

M5AC- CSeries

080060050040030025020000

Btu/h

055

MAC- CSeries

M4AC-CSeries

120100 150

M5AC- CSeries

080060050040030025020000

Btu/h


15/260


Product Lineup

M5ACV- CSeries

210135100075055030000

Btu/h

M5ACV- CSeries

210135100075055030000

Btu/h

Heat Pump Model


16/260


Design & Application


17/260



Understand Clients requirement Application - feasible Installation/service-able Budget Inspection of job site


18/260



Site survey Building Load Calculation

- equipment size Equipment Selection

- type of system & equipment

system design:- piping; pump; controls; storage tank;

installation and service maintenance;

water treatment.

cost of equipment operation cost


19/260



Where to install the chiller and fan coil units

Determine the pipe route and installation / servicing /

maintenance consideration

Building Load estimation for both chiller and Fan coil units (building orientation/size/application,

i.e. pub; restaurant; office.....)

Access to the building for delivery and maintenance

location of other building services

1. Site Survey


20/260



OYL MANUFACTURING CO. SDN BHD

COOLING LOAD ESTIMATION

PROJECT NAME : SK Bungalow DATE: 28/2/2001

LOCATION : Penthouse

AREA = 2000 HEIGHT = 15 NO.OF PEOPLE = 4

CFM/PERSON= 15 VENT, CFM = 500 B.F. = 0.15

ROOM TEMP = 75 ROOM RH% =

TEMP DIFF. (ROOM & OUTDOOR) = 20 MOISTURE DIFF. = 80

GAIN/TD BTU/HR GAIN/TD BTU/HR

OUTDOOR TEMP CORRN= -2 0

NE GLASS 600 0.76 45 20,520 22 10,032

E GLASS 0.76 106 0 35 0

SE GLASS 0.76 97 0 32 0

S GLASS 0.76 10 0 8 0

SW GLASS 600 0.76 30 13,680 91 41,496

W GLASS 0.76 44 0 132 0

NW GLASS 0.76 28 0 75 0

N GLASS 0.76 11 0 11 0

SHADED GLASS 0.76 11 0 11 0

N WALL 0.49 1 0 13 0

NE WALL 200 0.49 53 5,194 17 1,666E WALL 0.49 36 0 15 0

SE WALL 600 0.49 16 4,704 16 4,704

S WALL 0.49 1 0 14 0

SW WALL 200 0.49 1 98 30 2,940

W WALL 0.49 2 0 39 0

NW WALL 600 0.49 1 294 33 9,702

ROOF 2,000 0.23 6 2,760 38 17,480

ALL GLS TRANSM 1,200 1.13 -2 (2,712) 0 0

PARTITION 0.45 -2 0 0 0

CEILING 0.3 0 0 0 0

FLOOR 0.49 -7 0 -5 0

PEOPLE,(S) 4 1 245 980 245 980

POWER,KW 4 1 3414 13,656 3414 13,656

LIGHTS,WATTS 2,000 1.25 3.414 8,535 3.414 8,535

MISC.HEAT (S) 1 1 0 1 0

SAFETY % (S) 5 3,385 5,560DT.GN/LK/FAN% 8 0 0

OA HEAT(S)*BF 0 0

PEOPLE,(L) 4 1 205 820 205 820

MISC.HEAT (L) 1 1 0 1 0

SAFETY % (L) 10 82 82

DUCT LEAK% 8 0 0

OA HEAT(L)*BF 4,080 4,080

OA HEAT(S)1-BF 0 0

OA HEAT(L)1-BF 23,120 23,120

GRAND TOTAL HEAT = 99,196 144,853

COOLING TONS = 8.27 12.07

ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT = 71,094 116,751

TOTAL OA HEAT = 27,200 27,200

4.00PM SEP/MARAREA/QTYITEM FACTORS

10.00 AM SEP/MAR

2. Building Load Estimation


21/260



am 4.0 kW

pm 3.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.5 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 2.5 kW

am 4.5 kW

pm 3.0 kW

am 4.5 kW

pm 3.0 kWam 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

am 9.0 kW

pm 8.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.0 kW

am 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

am 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

Room 9

Room 11

Room 10

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 2

Room 1

UU2. Building Load Estimation


22/260



am 4.0 kW

pm 3.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.5 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 2.5 kW

am 4.5 kW

pm 3.0 kW

am 4.5 kW

pm 3.0 kWam 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

am 9.0 kW

pm 8.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.0 kW

am 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

am 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

Room 9

Room 11

Room 10

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 2

Room 1

am 4.0 kW

pm 3.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.5 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 2.5 kW

am 4.5 kW

pm 3.0 kW

am 4.5 kW

pm 3.0 kWam 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

am 9.0 kW

pm 8.0 kW

am 3.5 kW

pm 5.0 kW

am 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

am 3.8 kW

pm 3.5 kW

Room 9

Room 11

Room 10

Room 8

Room 7

Room 6Room 5

Room 4

Room 3

Room 2

Room 1

U2. Building Load Estimation Diversity Factor


23/260



Room a.m. p.m. DX

Room 1 4.0 2.5 4.0

Room 2 4.5 3.0 4.5Room 3 4.5 3.0 4.5

Room 4 9.0 8.0 9.0

Room 5 3.8 3.5 3.8

Room 6 3.8 3.5 3.8

Room 7 3.8 3.5 3.8Room 8 3.5 4.5 4.5

Room 9 3.5 5.0 5.0

Room 10 3.5 5.5 5.5

Room 11 3.5 5.5 5.5

Total 47.4 47.5 53.9

Chiller Capacity : 45.7 kW

DX unit capacity(total) : 53.9 kW

Saving ~ 6.4 kW(11.9 % in this case)

Room a.m. p.m. DX

Room 1 4.0 2.5 4.0

Room 2 4.5 3.0 4.5Room 3 4.5 3.0 4.5

Room 4 9.0 8.0 9.0

Room 5 3.8 3.5 3.8

Room 6 3.8 3.5 3.8

Room 7 3.8 3.5 3.8Room 8 3.5 4.5 4.5

Room 9 3.5 5.0 5.0

Room 10 3.5 5.5 5.5

Room 11 3.5 5.5 5.5

Total 47.4 47.5 53.9

Chiller Capacity : 45.7 kW

DX unit capacity(total) : 53.9 kW

Saving ~ 6.4 kW(11.9 % in this case)

2. Building Load Estimation Diversity Factor


24/260


Criteria to select a mini chiller: capacity required

water entering condition

water leaving condition

ambient condition

cooling/ heating mode required?

3. Chiller Selection



25/260


If the chiller is operate under nonstandard condition, the capacity canbe calculated from the performancecharacteristic, flow rate and pressure

drop then being determined.

Samp

leofpe

rform

ance

chart




26/260


Upon chiller units being selected, water flowrate of chiller and pressure drop also need tobe determined.

Water flow rate,

Liters/Min = Total Capacity, W70 x Temp. Diff. O C




27/260


From Water flow rate,

the pressure dropacross the chiller unitsneed to bedetermined for pumpselection.

Find the pressure

drop from the datatable ->



&


28/260


Example 1

Please select a cooling only chiller operate at ambient

temperature 35 o C, leaving water temperature 5 o C.

Minimum capacity required is 25 kW. Determine the

required flow rate and the internal pressure loss.

Entering water temperature is 12 o C.



D i & A li ti


29/260


From performance chart, AC100 C selected. Thecapacity at 35 o C at 5 o C leaving water temperatureis 25.90 kW.

Hence the flow rate, liters/min : 2590070 x 5

= 74 liters/min

= 1.23 liters/s= 4.44 m3/hr



Solution:

D i & A li ti


30/260


From 4.44 m

3

/hr and the table above, the pressure drop forAC100C is 47.5 kPa



Solution:

D i & A li ti


31/260


From the total cooling capacity shown in the Table 1,

calculate the water flow rate by using the following

formula:

Liters/Min = Total Cooling Capacity, W70 x Temperature Rise o C

USGPM = Total Cooling Capacity, Btu/H500 x Temperature Rise o F

4. FCU Selection


Example 2:

D i & A li ti


32/260


Table 1: Total Cooling Capacity

Room am Load, kW pm Load , kW Fan Coil Unit, kW

Room 1 4.0 2.5 4.0Room 2 4.5 3.0 4.5Room 3 4.5 3.0 4.5Room 4 9.0 8.0 9.0Room 5 3.8 3.5 3.8

Room 6 3.8 3.5 3.8Room 7 3.8 3.5 3.8Room 8 3.5 4.5 4.5Room 9 3.5 5.0 5.0Room 10 3.5 5.5 5.5

Room 11 3.5 5.5 5.5

4. FCU Selection


Fan Coil units Capacity can be determined by Cooling

Capacity Performance Chart as below:



33/260


Line A

Line D Line C

Line B

Point 1

Point 4 Point 3

Point 2

Water temperature rise o C

E n

t e r i n g

W a t e r

o C

Total Cooling & Sensible Capacity, kW

Entering Air WB oC

Entering Air DB oC

4. FCU Selection




34/260


Line A

Line D Line C

Line B

Point 1

Point 4 Point 3

Point 2

Water temperature rise o C

E n

t e r i n g

W a t

e ro

C

Total Cooling & Sensible Capacity, kW

Entering Air WB oC

Entering Air DB oC

Point 1 - Temperature Rise in o C Line A - Determine the temperature rise

Point 2 - Entering water temperature o C and entering water temperature

Point 3 - Entering air temperature (WB) o C Line B - To cross on coil condition, I.e.

Point 4 - Entering air temperature (DB)

o

C WB and DBPoint 5 - Total Cooling Capacity Line C- Intersection point at WB

Point 6 - Sensible Capacity determine the total cooling capacity

Line D- Intersection point at DB determine

Sensible Capacity

4. FCU Selection




35/260


Assumption, if cooling capacity of 8.4 kW andentering water at 5 o C, leaving water at 10 o C,then :

Liters/Min = Total Cooling Capacity, W70 x Temperature Rise o C= 8,400 = 24 liters/ min

70 x 5

4. FCU Selection


Solution:



36/260


4. FCU Selection


Find pressure drop at this flow rate fromTable ofpressure drop



37/260


With pre-determine flow rate, pressure drop of

the fan coil can be determined interpolation methodusing data given in the pressure drop table :

Assumption: Pressure Drop for CC30 CW at flow rate of

24 liters/Min = XX - 7,72 = 24.00 - 20.14

11.55 - 7,72 25.21 - 20.14

Water pressure drop, X = 7.83kPa

4. FCU Selection




38/260


With pre-determine flow rate, Heating Capacity can beestimated from the heating Capacity Performance Chart

4. FCU Selection




39/260


Standard heating capacity is based on EWT at 60 o C and EAT at21.1 o C, if operating temperature different from the standard, then

correction factor need to apply based on table below:

37.8 43.3 45.0 48.8 54.4 60.0 65.5 71.1 76.7 82.2 87.7

4.4 0.838 0.980 1.021 1.122 1.265 1.406 1.552 1.698 1.845 1.988 2.134

7.2 0.771 0.913 0.954 1.055 1.198 1.379 1.485 1.631 1.778 1.920 2.067

10.0 0.700 0.843 0.885 0.986 0.130 1.272 1.417 1.563 1.710 1.853 2.000

12.7 0.631 0.773 0.817 0.918 1.062 1.205 1.349 1.495 1.639 1.786 1.931

15.5 0.562 0.705 0.748 0.848 0.992 1.137 1.281 1.427 1.572 1.719 1.865

18.3 0.493 0.636 0.679 0.779 0.923 1.070 1.212 1.358 1.504 1.650 1.799

21.1 0.424 0.567 0.610 0.711 0.855 1.000 1.146 1.290 1.438 1.583 1.730

23.9 0.354 0.498 0.541 0.642 0.786 0.932 1.078 1.222 1.369 1.515 1.664

26.7 0.284 0.428 0.471 0.573 0.717 0.863 1.008 1.155 1.302 1.449 1.597

WATER ENTERING TEMPERATURE , C

HEATING CAPACITY CORRECTION FACTORS

EAT oC

Adjusted heating capacity, W ( @ Nominal air Flow ) = base heating capacity ( @ nominal. 60C EWT, 21.1C EAT) x Heating Capacity Correction Factor

Example at 54.4 o C water entering temperature and 23.9 o C air enteringtemperature, the correction factor is o.786

4. FCU Selection




40/260


2 basic categories of water pipe worksystems, i.e.

Close System Open System

5. Water Piping Design




41/260


Close System

Pipe installation forms a close circuit minimum

water loss in these type of system. Expansion

tank / make up water tank is sufficient to top upthe loss water





42/260


Mini chiller is designed with applicationof a close water piping system.

Possible to use the unit with an opensystem by adding a buffer / intermediate

tank and pump.





43/260


Open System

Pipe works form an open loop. Usually

use for cooling tower, formation of alga /bacteria is normal. Water treatment required





44/260


If buffer tank being used, Baffle plate install to prevent return water mixing with

chilled water Suitable to use for multiple chiller operation Water tank can be sized accordingly as storage to allow

longer cycled off period for chiller, hence saving energy Care to ensure no air leakage along pump suction line

to prevent air trap - automatic air vent Take care of the water quality, water treatment

required

Use only when necessary, i.e. total water volume isinsufficient and need buffer storage to take care ofactual requirement / multiple chiller / standard built inpump head insufficient


g pp



45/260


Open System


g pp

Water out

Water inMini Chiller Unit

Return water from fan coil units

Supply water tofan coil units

Secondary pump

TankAir vent

Baffle plate



46/260


Type of piping system

Series

Diverting Parallel direct return

Parallel reverse return


g pp



47/260


Type of piping system - Series


g pp

FCU 1 FCU 2

FCU 4 FCU 3

Water out

Water inMini Chiller Unit



48/260


Advantages Low pipe cost


Disadvantages Each fan coil cannot be control individually

High pressure drop

Type of piping system - Series



49/260


Type of piping system - Diverting


Mini Chiller Unit

Water out

Water in FCU 4 FCU 3

FCU 2FCU 1



50/260


Advantages Individual control of each fan coils


Disadvantages Only fan coil units with low pressure drops suitable Low water velocity, air vent required

Entering water temperature to fan coil units different.

Type of piping system - Diverting



51/260


Horizontal Installation

Type of piping system - Parallel Direct Return


Mini Chiller Unit

Water out

Water in

Fan Coil Uni



52/260




Mini Chiller Unit

Water out

Water in

Fan Coil Units

Vertical Installation



53/260


1st in 1st out

Supply and return pipe length uneven

Proper balancing of water flow required

More economical compare to reverse return type





54/260


Horizontal Installation

Type of piping system - Parallel Reverse Return


Mini Chiller Unit

Water out

Water in

Fan Coil Units



55/260




Vertical Installation

Mini Chiller Unit

Water out

Water in

Fan Coil Units



56/260


1st in - Last out concept

Supply and return pipes equal length simple balancing

Use for fan coil units that have same or nearly thesame pressure drop

High rise building required extra length and weight ofpipe - not economical





57/260


Type of pipes and fitt ings

There are several types of pipe that normally use in for

water piping

Black carbon steel pipe Copper pipe

PVC pipe




58/260


Black carbon steel pipe

Joint by arc welding; thread; flange with gasket Most commonly used in chiller installation





59/260


Copper pipe

High resistance to corrosion and ease installation High cost Can be joint by brazing; soldering; flare joint





60/260


PVC pipes

Light weight Corrosion resistance Not suitable for high temperature application

Installed with more support(shorter span)

UPVC generally up to 60 oC usage CPVC higher temperature application Method to joint : solvent cementing / welding; thread





61/260


Galvanized iron(GI) is not recommended as Zinc coating on

the GI pipe will have an electrolytic reaction with the copper

components in the system, i.e. BPHE; fan coil heat

exchanger. The zinc will be sacrificial metal and deposit itself

on the copper surface

Zinc surface slowly eroded Zinc deposit on the copper surface will retard heat transfer

process





62/260


Fitting for steel pipe, treaded

90 o elbow tee joint reducer connector

union nipple flange





63/260


Fitting for Copper pipes - expanded end for brazing or

threaded end

90 o elbow Reducer Tee joint Connector





64/260


Fitting for PVC pipes (with treaded end-can joint tosteel pipe of fitting

90 o elbow Tee joint Connector Adapter

Socket Union Reducer





65/260


Type of pipes and valves

Valves- One of the important component in a water piping

system with the following functions:

To isolate a component from the system - enableeasy servicing/maintenance

To regulate water flow rate To divert / mix flow direction To prevent back flow To relieve / regulate pressure




66/260


Gate valve - to be fully open / fully close; not suitable forregulate or control flow; for isolation / shutoff purposes

Isolation is important for maintenance purposes. The minimumrequirement is : Chiller supply and return connection; pump

suction and discharge connection; fan coil unit supply andreturn connection; cooling coil bypass( if 3-way motorized valveis fitted at the coil





67/260


Globe valves - for throttling duty where positive shutoff isrequired





68/260


Ball valve - for throttling duty, used with smaller pipe diameter

Butterfly valve - has low pressure drops; easy and fastoperation; can be used for throttling duty





69/260


Balancing valve - for throttling duty to regulate water flowrate for balancing purposes. Pressure tapping port provided for

pressure drop measurement

Check valve - prevent back flush





70/260


Actuators

- Automatic valves operate for automatic controller to

control the fluid flow. Common actuators are :

Solenoid valve electric motorized valve pneumatic valve





71/260


Solenoid valve - allows wither totally open or closeposition. A magnetic coil will lifts or drops a plunger to open orclose the flow of water





72/260


Electric motorized valve - usually this actuator hasa built in 24V motor to produce a rotary motion to open orclose the valve. Flexible in opening position(depends onexternal signal); high cost





73/260


Pneumatic valve - valve has a flexible diaphragm -operate by injecting air pressure in to the valve to position thevalve open / close. High cost





74/260


In the chilled water pipe system, automatic control valves usedmay be either 2-way or 3-way. All three types of actuatorabove may be used.

2-way valve - water flows into the inlet port and exits fromthe outlet port. Actuator used to vary the flow rate





75/260


3-way valves - 3 ports are available

1. Mixing valve

B

A

A + B

2 stream of water blends into 1 stream

2. Diverting valve

A + B

A

B

Split 1 stream into 2 different streams





76/260


Installation sample of 2-way valves

FCU

Supply Return




77/260


Installation sample of 3-way valves

FCU

FCU

Supply Return

Diverting

Mixing




78/260


Wrong Installation sample of 2-way valves


FCU

Mini Chiller Unit

FCU

Problem : both FCU off, solenoid valve off, no water flow.

However pump still running, pressure built up, pump

problem



79/260


Add bypass pipe to relief pressure


Mini Chiller Unit

FCU

FCU

FCU

P

Differential pressure transmitter to monitor the

amount of water used. If pressure goes higherthan preset value, will activate relief valve and

bypass water

Installation sample of 2-way valves pre-cautions



80/260


5. Water Piping DesignInstallation sample of 2-way valves pre-cautions

Mini Chiller Unit

FC

U

FC

U

FC

U

P

INV

When differential pressure become higher, the Inverter will

slow down the water pump to maintain the heap pressure.

If no demand, water pump stop running

Use a variable speed drive for secondary pump



81/260


Modify control wiring for chiller and fan coil unit

The above method of 2-way valves installation incur high cost due toextra piping, fittings, pressure transmitter...... There is possible to

change the control wiring of the system. Normally when the fan coilunit thermostat cut-off, the power supply to control the 2-way valvewill be off. It is possible to run a line from the thermostat to the chillerremote switch whereby when the thermostat cut-off, the chiller andpump will also cut-off.

5. Water Piping DesignInstallation sample of 2-way valves pre-cautions



82/260


Installation sample of 3-way valves5. Water Piping Design

Mini Chiller Unit

FC

U

FC

U

FC

U

3-Way valve gives constant flow rate, when no demand,the water bypass through the valve. Energy wastage is

the disadvantage.

Use 3-way diverting valves



83/260


Other type of valves and fittings

Thermometer- glass thermometers are installed on the inletand outlet pipes of either the chiller unit or fan coil units. Thisis to measure the water temperature differential to determine

the capacity performance.

Thermometer bulb

measuring correct

water flow

temperature

Thermometer

too high up,

stagnant

water




84/260


Pressure gauge cock - Used to isolate pressure gaugesalong the water pipe line. When not in use, the valve is closed toprevent prolonged pressurizing to the gauge, and damage the gauge

Pressure gauge

Impulse tubing loop

Gauge cock (ball valve)

Main pipe line





85/260


Pressure gauge and thermometer as the previous 2 slides

should be included in the design stage - consideration for

commissioning. The measuring devices should be installed

at the following location :

Main supply and return pipe Main branch supply/return pipe

Cooling coils Heating coils Chiller (chilled water side)





86/260


Safety relief valve - valve will open when pressure exceed setvalue to prevent over pressuring the system. Normally used inhot water system. Should be installed near an expansion tank orpump discharge line.

Air vent valve - OYL mini chiller has an automatic air vent

located on top of the buffer tank. Air vent valve used to releaseany trapped air in the tank. Additional air vent should beinstalled at the highest position of the piping network



Pipe Pipe

Air vent

Air vent

5 W Pi i D i



87/260


Water outlet

Water inlet

Strainer

Strainer- Strainer are a type of filter for water pipe systems. At leastone strainer should be installed at the location just before the pump.Strainer should be fitted in the return water connection to chiller priorto brazed plate heat exchanger to prevent dirt/particle trapped withinthe heat exchanger.



5 W t Pi i D i



88/260


Flow switch - to switch off the chiller unit when low waterflow rate is detected in the piping, possible due to :

pump failure

blocked BPHE

accidental closing of valve

failure of control valves

Water outlet

Water inlet

BPHE Flow switch



5 W t Pi i D i



89/260


Fan coil pressure loss Chiller pressure loss

Pipe pressure loss - pipe, fittings & component


System Pressure Loss

5 Water Piping Design



90/260


Pipe friction looses are dependent on the following factors :

Water velocity

Pipe internal diameter Pipe length Type of material - affect the internal wall roughness


Pipe and Fitting Sizing




91/260


Water velocity limits are set to take care of noise; erosion andinstallation cost. Recommended guidelines :

Pipe friction loss should be between 1 to 4 ft / 100 ft ofequivalent pipe length (100 Pa/m to 400 Pa/m)

Water velocity range for different servicesService Velocity

fps m/sPump discharge 8-12 2.4-3.6Pump suction 4-7 1.2-2.1

Drain line 4-7 1.2-2.1Header 4-15 1.2-4.6Riser 3-10 0.9-3.0City water 3-7 0.9-2.1





92/260


Calculation of System Loss Step by Step GuideStep 1 - Draw up a schematic layout, c/w chiller; fan coil units and

accurately reflect the length of pipe work

Step 2 - Decide the position and numbers of valves, control valves,

balancing valves; measuring stations; strainers and mark them on the

sketch.

Step 3 - Label each section of the pipe with an identifying letter.Carefully select the pipe route that gives the highest resistance to

water flow.

Step 4 - Fill in the water volume flow rate and pipe length for the firstsection on the pipe sizing chart. Use the pressure loss factor from

Friction Loss Chart and equivalent length by using the equivalent

length factors from all types of fitting


C l l ti f S t L St b St G id5 Water Piping Design



93/260


Calculation of System Loss Step by Step Guide

Step 5 - Enter type of fitting and their quantity, multiply the quantity

be the velocity pressure loss factor by the equivalent length for each

type of fitting to get the total fitting equivalent length,

Step 6 - Add the total fitting equivalent length to the straight pipe

length to give total pipe length. Multiply the total pipe length by the

pipe pressure drop per meter length to obtain a total pressure loss ofthe pipe section

Step 7 - Repeat step 5 - 7 for other section of pipes. Summarize the

total pressure drop for all the section. Take into consideration aminimum of 10% safety factor.

Step 8 - Use the result of step 8 to select the pump





94/260


Example 3Determine the pressure loss of the pipe system below c/w chiller and FCU.If the standard built in pump has external head of 20m, is the pump

able to handle the pressure loss?





95/260


Pressure loss for copper pipe- close / open system





96/260


Pressure loss for steel pipe- close system





97/260


Pressure loss for steel pipe- open system





98/260


Definition :The equivalent pipe length of a component in the pipesystem is the length of a straight pipe which will give thesame friction losses as the components itself.

The concept of equivalent pipe length is used incalculating friction losses along the water pipe system,equivalent pipe length can be obtained from tables.


Equivalent pipe length




99/260






100/260


p g g

P l i t5. Water Piping Design



101/260


Fitting : 10 x 90 elbow; 4 tee joint; 2x gate valve; 1 strainer - 1 1/4 steel pipe2 gate valve; 2 tee joint; 1 glove valve 1 1/8 copper

Pressure loss pipe systemp g g

5 Copper pipe1 1/8 SB75BW5. Water Piping Design



102/260


Fitting : 10 x 90 elbow; 4 tee joint; 2x gate valve; 1 strainer - 1 1/4 steel pipe2 gate valve; 2 tee joint; 1 glove valve 1 1/8 copper

10 10

15

15

3

1 1/4 steel pipe

AC80C

p g g




103/260


Pressure loss - OYL fan coil unit data

Model Nominal Water flow rate Unit Friction loss at nominal flow rate

L/min USGPM PSI (unit internal components)

SB75BW 57.00 15.08 6.08

SB100BW 73.48 19.44 1.83

SB125BW 97.49 25.79 2.46

Please refer to relevant technical manual AFCU-2004, page 70

p g g




104/260


Pressure loss - OYL mini chiller data

Note : Unit internal losses take care of friction loss through Brazed plate

heat exchanger (BPHE); internal pipe work; pump fittings, flow switch, etc.Please refer to relevant technical manual

Steel pipe 1 1/4 diameter :5. Water Piping Design



105/260


Steel pipe 1 1/4 diameter :

Flow rate : 15.08 usgpm (57.00 Liters/min)

Straight pipe length : 55 x 2 = 110Equivalent length for fittings : 10 x 3.3 = 33 (elbow)

4 x 2.3 = 9.2 (tee joint)2 x 1.5 = 3.0 (gate valve)1 x 9.0 = 9.0 (strainer)

Total equivalent pipe length = 164.2

From Friction loss for closed piping system, at 15.08 usgpm, forsteel pipe, the friction loss is 3.8 / 100 of pipe, hence friction lsteel pipe = 3.8 x 164.2/100 = 6.24



Copper pipe 1 1/8 diameter :


106/260


Total external pipe and fitting loose = 11.87

Flow rate : 15.08 usgpm

Straight pipe : 3x2 = 6 Equivalent pipe length for fitting : 2 x 1.4 = 2.8(gate valve)2 x 0.9 = 1.8 (tee joint)1 x 22 = 22 (globe valve)

1 x 1 = 11 x 1.5 = 1.5

Total equivalent pipe length copper : 33.1friction loss for copper pipe(1 1/8 at 15.08 usgpm) = 17/100hence 33.1 gives : 17 x 33.1/100 = 5.63




107/260


Fan coil loose : 6.08

mini chiller internal loose : 8.7Total external pipe and fitting loose = 11.87

Total system friction loose : 6.08+8.7+11.87 = 26.65

= 8.125m

6. Pump Selection



108/260


Pump is one of the fundamental component in the system. It

circulates water through all the components in the system.

Pump is a built in component in OYL mini chiller. Basic

understanding about the pump characteristic is important.

6. Pump Selection



109/260


Primary - secondary pump

If the built in pump in the mini chiller is not able to deliver the

head pressure required to the load even in a close loop system :

Change the existing pump to a higher head pump

Install a booster pump - primary - secondary pump system

6. Pump Selection



110/260



Water out

WaterinMini Chiller Unit

Booster pump (secondary)

Bypassloop

A

B

Fan Coil Units

Built in pump(primary)

6. Pump Selection



111/260


Disadvantages of this system

Extra cost for pump Unused bypass chilled water - wastage

Cautions Bypass loop short(but sufficient to prevent turbulence) to

minimize pressure loss between the entry and exit point of

loop

Do not use any valve in the bypass loop



112/260

6. Pump Selection


P i d


113/260


Case 3: Capacity of primary pump < secondary pumpa net flow up the loop from B. A become a mixing point and B

become diverting T. Water temperature entering FCU will be in

between the water temperature leaving the chiller and the watertemperature entering Chiller


Primary - secondary pump in series

6. Pump Selection



114/260


Primary secondary pump in series

Water out

Water in

Mini Chiller Unit

FCU

Built in pump(primary)

Booster pump (secondary)

6. Pump Selection




115/260


This installation is not recommended :

risky - wrong pump sizing can caused damage to pump

if this design need to be used, primary pump capacitymust be equal to the secondary pump, otherwise :

cavitations problem to the smaller pump pressure drop across pump high head loss - harmful to the chiller

a y seco da y pu p se es

7. Multiple Chiller Selection




116/260


y y p p

In the cases of multiple chiller need to be used,there are few possible installation method :

Common supply and return headers Primary - secondary system Common tank system

Common supply and return headers




117/260


Chiller 1

Chiller 2

Chiller 3

Check Valve

Supply Header

Return Header

Chilled water supply

Chilled water return





118/260


Chiller 1

Chiller 2

Chiller 3

Check Valve

Chilled water supply to FCU

Chilled water return from FCU





119/260


Most common and preferred

Low installation cost Chiller set at different return water temperature - load staging Check valve to prevent back flush of water Drawbacks

proper balancing of water flow rate through each chiller iscrucial

Any chiller off, water flow rate to the FCU will be affected.To overcome this, it is necessary to wire the chillercontrols for continuos pump running as long as one fan

coil is in operation One supply line, less flexibility in water distribution

control, i.e. the highest pressure losses zone might beaffected


120/260

Common supply and return line




121/260


Common supply and return line

No common header used, higher pressure dropalong common pipe lines - can use larger pipe sizeat this common line to reduce pressure lost.

Proper balancing is crucial

1st in last out arrangement at the supply and returnlines is useful to reduce the problem of distribution

Primary - secondary pump system




122/260


Chiller 1

Chiller 2

Chiller 3

Check Valve


Chilled water returnBypass Loop

Secondary Pumps

Primary Pump





123/260


Chiller of different capacities can be installed together

without much balancing

Balancing valve required

Secondary pump alone handle the flow and pressure

requirements of FCU - if one of the primary pump off,the water supply to FCU not affected





124/260


Chiller 1

Chiller 2

Chiller 3

Check Valve


Chilled water return

Secondary Pumps

Auxiliary tank

Primary Pump

Common tank system - Open System




125/260


Chiller 1

Chiller 2

Chiller 3

Chilled water to FCU

Secondary Pumps

Primary Pump

Tank

Return from FCU



Common tank system - Open System


126/260


Each chiller and secondary pump forms own pipe circuit

Common tank act as buffer storage tank

No check valve required, normal globe valve is sufficientto ensure proper water flow

Tank at higher level - to allow gravity feed of water tothe chillers and pumps

Refer to earlier slide for open system for all cautionsduring installation and operation

Multiple chiller-single fan coil load with

lti l i it h d




127/260


multiple circuits - common header

Chiller 1

Chiller 2

Chiller 3

Check ValveSupply Header

Return Header

Circuit 2

Circuit 1

Circuit 3



Multiple chiller-single fan coil load with

lti l i it h d


128/260


multiple circuits - common header

Chiller 1

Chiller 2

Chiller 3

Circuit 2

Circuit 1

Circuit 3

Minimum compressor run time : 3 minutes(PCB design)

8. Water Storage Tank and Expansion Tank



129/260


Minimum off time of compressor : 4 minutes(PCB design)~ compressor possible cycle on/off 8 times/hour.

Total volume of water in the system must be able to pull-down by 5 C temperature within 3 minutes

Total volume of water = volume of storage tank +volume of pipe length +volume of expansion tank

Water Volume = Time * flow rate for 5 C Temp. Diff. Water Volume = 3* flow rate (liters/min)

Volume = Time * flow rate for 5 o C Temp. Diff.Volume = 3* flow rate (liters/min)




130/260


Volume = 3* flow rate (liters/min)

Example : A mini chiller has a cooling capacity of 40,000Btu/hr (11.72 kW)

Flow rate USGPM = Capacity, Btu/hr500 * 9

or Flow rate Liters/min = Capacity, W70 * 5Flow rate = 11720/350 = 33.6 liters/min

Volume of system = 3 * 33.6 = 100.8 liters

Assuming the storage tank capacity is 1/3 of the total system watervolume, storage tank capacity = 100.8/3 = 33.6 liters

For simple calculation, the following tables can be used to estimate the volume of water in

a system by simply mult iply the length of pipes with the factor:

Pipe type Pipe Size Water Volume, liters/min

Steel SCH 40(ST) 1/2 0 196




131/260


Steel, SCH. 40(ST) 1/2 0.196

3/4 0.344

1 0.558

1 1/4 0.9651 1/2 1.313

2 2.165

2 1/2 3.098

Copper, type L 1/2 0.094

5/8 0.151

3/4 0.2257/8 0.312

1 18 0.532

1 3/8 0.811

1 5/8 1.148

2 1/8 1.997

2 5/8 3.079PVC, DIN 8062 20mm 0.227

25mm 0.353

32mm 0.581

40mm 0.908

50mm 1.425

Expansion tankExpansion tank provide a space into which water can expand or




132/260


p p p p

from which it can contract as the water go under volumetric

changes with respect to temperature change. This device iscompulsory in heat pump units.

Air

Water

Tank

Diaphragm

Threaded end

Tee Joint

Pump suction lineWater Flow from Mini Chiller

Spacing between the plates is small, no debris, fouling orli i th t i i t t t t i t i

9. Water Treatment



133/260


scaling in the system is important to ensure no restrict inwater flow and thus performance not affected.

Strainer along water suction line will remove debris likesand, metal debris, etc..

It is good practice to install filter at the make up water

supply line. Filter elements required periodical service to remove

trapped particles.

Flushing the pipe with water during initial start up and

commissioning of the min chiller is necessary

Fouling refers to the tendency of water form a film onthe heat transfer surfaces Fouling can be organic or

9. Water Treatment



134/260


the heat transfer surfaces. Fouling can be organic orinorganic surface fouling.

Organic fouling includes microbiological growth. Algaemay also form on these surfaces. This is moresignificant in open system

Scaling is inorganic fouling. It is normally caused bydeposit inorganic salts

Symptoms: sudden increase in pressure drop andgradual drop in heat transfer performance

Remedy : Chemical cleaning

Organic fouling can be removed by use of alkaline cleaningagent like sodium hydroxide at 5% concentration. Refer toh i l f f d il i i k

9. Water Treatment



135/260


chemical manufacturer for more details instruction. Makesure the excess chemical is fully clean up from the system

Inorganic fouling most commonly need acidic based cleaningagent. Mineral acids has strong ability to dissolve scales, butattack/corrode stainless steel and copper parts, hence is not

recommended. Organic acids at 2 - 5% concentration ismore ideal when used to clean BPHE.

Refer to chemical manufacturer recommendation on thedosage requirement. Upon completion, flush with clean water

to remove excess acids. It is recommended that the water to be replaced at least

once a year to prevent fouling on the BPHE

Glycol Solutions

9. Water Treatment



136/260


y

Entering water temperature - operating range

EWT 0C EWT 0C Max EWT 0C

Factory Setting Minimum maximumCooling Mode 12 3 15

Heating Mode 40 35 50

Antifreeze 2 -4 3

9. Water Treatment


Glycol Solutions


137/260


SW2 Setting(for cool mode)

SET TEMP. SW20C SW2-3 SW2-2 SW2-1

Set by VR3 off off off

3 off off on

4 off on off5 off on on

6 on off off

7 on off on

8 on on off

9 on on on

If DIP switch is set to (off,off ,off), the set temperature is determine

by VR3 setting, otherwise setting above will override the VR3 setting

y

9. Water Treatment


Glycol Solutions


138/260


For Commissioning, it is recommended to observe

and adjust the setting if necessary :

For cooling mode, press SW1 once in PCB Green LED will bl inks for few seconds Adjust VR3 to the required water entering temperature by using

suitable tools

If glycol added, the entering water temperature (3 0C-9 0C) canbe set by adjusting DIP switch (SW2)

For heating mode, press SW1 twice, red LED wil l bl inks for fewseconds

Adjust VR1 to set the required water temperature for heatingmode

VR2 is adjusted to set antifreeze temperature

y

9. Water Treatment


Glycol Solutions


139/260


If sensor setting has been adjust for process cooling - to operateat lower temperature, precaution must be taken to prevent waterfreeze up. For sub zero application, the water must mix with antifreeze glycol solution.

2 commonly used glycol : ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.Ensure the quantity mixed with water is sufficient to cater for theoperating temperature requirement. The more glycol added, thecapacity loss is higher.

Make sure water pump is on all the time to ensure continuouswater flow through BPHE to prevent formation of ice.

y

9. Water Treatment


Glycol Solutions


140/260


Correction factors with Glycol added to water

Glycol % Capacity Water flow Pressure drop

10 0.990 1.015 1.06

20 0.980 1.040 1.12

30 0.970 1.080 1.18

40 0.965 1.135 1.24

9. Water Treatment


Glycol Solutions


141/260


Pipe being insulated for the following purposes :

Prevent heat gain / loss from the water in the pipe

10. Pipe Insulation Requirement



142/260


Prevent heat gain / loss from the water in the pipe

Prevent condensation when chilled water flow in the pipe Prevent injury due to hot water flow in the pipe

To do a calculation of insulation thickness, one must know :

Insulation material thermal conductivity coefficient (K) Pipe size Air condition at the site of installation (Dry bulb and humidity) Convective heat transfer coefficient (H)

A simplify spread sheet is provided to estimate the insulationthickness

PIPING INSULATION THICKNESS CALCULATION:

Air condi tion:

DB/C 25 Dew point

RH/% 75 DP/C 20.26




143/260


Pipe specification:

Pipe dia. 1.25 in 31.8 mm

Radius, r1 15.879 mm

Pipe surface temperature/C 7

Insulation material:

Material: Armarflex

Thermal conductivity, k 0.0374 W/mK

Surface convective heat transfer 9 W/m2K

coefficient, h

Insulation selection:

Calculated insulation size

r2 25.181 mm

Insulation thickness 9.3 mm

(Minimum) 0.4 in

USE THENEXT SIZE THICKNESS

AVAILABLE OR THICKER FOR

SAFETY FACTOR

Few application samples will be provided, however with thefollowing considerations:

Th ti Al LED f t i l AL1 d AL2 i i i




144/260


The option Alarm LED from terminal AL1 and AL2 in minichiller is meant to be installed into the external control switchboard - to indicate if an abnormal operation has occur. ThePCB will give out a signal to light up the LED when any of theprotection devices trip.

The option Remote Switch may be located at a convenientplace for easy access to the user. It may be placed inside theswitchboard. It can also act as an emergency switch to stopthe chiller

The power supply for the fan coil units are separated from themini chiller

ack To Content


145/260


Product Features

Product Features


146/260


Less foot print occupied

Less space required.

Product Features


147/260


Made of AISI 316 Stainless Steel

High heat exchange efficiency

Conventional Back to Back Circuits BPHE

New Technology BPHE- True Dual Circuits

Product Features


148/260


Primary Circuit 1 Primary Circuit 2

Secondary Circuit

Primary Circuit 1 Primary Circuit 2

Inverter Mini Chiller True Dual Circuits BPHE

Product Features


149/260


Support up to 50 chiller and 120 fan coil units

through chiller bus

Product Features

A network up to 50 chillers Operation control on chillers done


150/260


Operation control on chillers donethrough microprocessor controller.

Additional chiller can be added on by jusextend the water piping.

Water InWater Out

ChillerBus

Up to 50Chillers

Product Features

Can be done through Chiller ControlPanel


151/260


User friendly and versatile controls Main menu includes:Operation Timer Display

Setting Alarm

Whole system configuration

Unique system configuration

Product Features

1. Less Start & Stop

2. Fast Cooling/ Heating 4. Low Starting Surge

3. Precise Temperature Control

RunningRunning Conventional air conditioner:


152/260


Running

current

Hours of operation

Running

current

Hours of operation

Conventional air conditioner:

High starting currentFrequent on/off cycle

Inverter air conditioner:

Low starting currentSmooth operation

Inverter air conditioner:

Low starting currentSmooth operation

Product Features


153/260


Conventional System

Inverter System

Product Features

High & Low Pressure Switches Anti Freeze Protection Sensor


154/260


Discharge Temperature Sensor Over Pressure Relief Valve Water Pressure Differential Switch

Anti Freeze Heater on BPHE Compressor, Water Pump Overload Protector

ack To Content

Schematic Diagram


155/260


Schematic Diagram

&

Components

Schematic diagram

Condenser Coil 1

Disch

Temp 1

(Disch Comp 1)Suct

HP1

LP1

Cond In

Temp 1

(Condenser)

Cond Out

Temp 1

(Def Comp 1)

Filter

Drier

EXV

O/A Temp

5ACV100CR

4WV


156/260


Acc

Acc

Liq Rvr

Liq

Rvr

BPHE FS

Condenser Coil 2

Disch

Temp 2

(Disch Comp 2)

Inv

Comp

Std

Comp

Temp

(Suction)

HP2

LP2

BPHE Out

Temp

(BPHE Out)

BPHE In

Temp

(BPHE In)

EWT (Water In)

LWT (Water Out)

Pump

Cond Out

Temp 2

(Def Comp 2)

Filter

Drier

Heating Cap Tube

Check valve

Cooling Cap Tube

Check valve

O/A Temp

(Outdoor Ai r)

Summary Pages-

Screen 3

Display Menu-

Defros t Sensor

Display Menu-

Inverter Chiller

Display Menu-

Discharge Sensor

4WV

Components

Variable speedfan motors(100%, 70% &50%)

Coil guardsFan guards


157/260


Heat exchangerswith gold fin asstandard

Water pump

True dual circuits BPHE(Brazed plate heatexchanger)

Expansiontank ( 8L)

Control boxassembly

Components

IPM board(Intelligent power module)Uni-

directionalbridge diode

3 phaserectifierbridge diode

Fancapacitors


158/260


Main board Magneticcontactors

EMI filter

Capacitorboard

PFC capacitor(Power factor correction)

Power board

Components


159/260


For Model 55, 75, 100 & 135 For Model 30

Components

To convert rectif ied DC current+500VDC to respective desired

voltages

- 12VDC relay


160/260


- MCU +5VDC- IPM +15VDC

Ensure stabili ty of above voltageswithin power supply voltage

fluctuation range (304-480 VAC)

Over voltage feedback

Output short circuit protection

Components


161/260


Components


162/260


Components

High pressure switch

(NC) 600 psi open,480psi close.

Low pressure switch(NC) 18 psi open,28 psi close.

Chiller panelcontroller

EXV (Electronicsexpansion valve


163/260


Variable drive systemcompartment

Fixed drive systemcompartment

Pump OLP (overloadprotector)

Differential pressureswitch

Over pressure reliefvalve

Anti freeze heater on

BPHE

Compressor OLP(overload protector)

Fixed speedscrollcompressor(R410A)

Variablespeed scrollcompressor

(R410A)

4 Way valve

Installation


164/260


&

Commissioning

Installation & Commissioning

Unit Handling

Unit Placement


165/260


Maintenance Access

Water Piping & Fitting

Power Supply & Electrical Connection

Preliminary Checking before Start-up

General Control Flow Chart



166/260


5ACV 100/135/210 CR

Air Cooled Chiller are cooled by air, space restriction will reduces theair flow, decrease the cooling capacity, increase the power input and,

in come cases, prevent the unit from operating because of an excess



167/260


of condensation pressure.

5ACV equipped with propeller fan, which doesnt need ductwork on fanoutlet.

Direct effect of the wind on the discharge surface of the fan should beavoided.

Enough clearance around the unit for maintenance works.



168/260


Minimum clearances

5ACV100/135/210CR5ACV30/55/75CR



169/260




170/260


5ACV 30 / 55 / 75 CR


5ACV 100 / 135 CR


171/260




172/260


5ACV 210 CR

Install piping with minimum bends and changes in elevation tominimize pressure drop. Consider the following:!

Vibration eliminators to reduce vibration and noise transmissionh b ildi



173/260


to the building.

Shut off valves to isolate the unit from the piping system duringunit servicing.

Manual or automatic air vent valves at the highest points of thechilled water piping.

A means of maintaining adequate system water pressure

(expansion tank or regulating valve) Temperature and pressure indicators located at the unit to air in

unit servicing.

Water connection could be damaged by an excessive stresswhen screwing them. Use a second spanner to compensatethe stress of tightening.

S f t diff ti l it h i d t


!


174/260


Safety differential pressure switch is used to ensureadequate water flow to evaporator before starting up the

unit.

Balancing valve to regulate the amount of water flow ratethrough the unit.

It is mandatory to install a strainer at the inlet of the unit.!

Recommended Piping Connection



175/260


Recommended Fuses & Cable Size

101010Power Supply Cable Size (mm2

) *

1006040Recommended Fuse (A) *

380 415 / 3 / 50Voltage Range **

5ACV210CR5ACV135CR5ACV100CRModel



176/260


10

5

10

5

10

3

Power Supply Cable Size (mm2) *

Number of Conductor

1.51.51.5Interconnection Cable Size (mm2) *

102536Recommended Fuse (A) *

415 / 3 / 50415 / 3 / 50230 / 1 / 50Voltage Range **

5ACV75CR5ACV55CR5ACV30CRModel

105

105

103

Power Supply Cable Size (mm ) Number of Conductor

1.51.51.5Interconnection Cable Size (mm2) *

IMPORTANT:

The figures shown in the table are for information purpose only. They should be checked and selected to comply

with local/national codes of regulation. This is also subject to the type of installation and conduct ion used.

* The appropriate voltage range should be checked with label data on the unit.

Before carrying out any operations on the electrical system, make

sure that the unit is de-energized.!

It i i t t th t th li i d d!



177/260


It is important that the appliance is grounded.!

Before connecting the power supply lines, check that the available

voltage value does not exceed the range specified in the electricaldata being provided in Installation Manual.!

Its recommended to check the correct sequence of the 3 supply

phases R-S-T before the unit start up.!

Check the power supply and grounding cable.

Check that any voltage and phase variation in the power supply doesnot exceed the prefixed thresholds.

Check that components of the external water circuit have been



178/260


Check that components of the external water circuit have beeninstalled properly, and according to the manufacturers instructions.

Check that the filling of the hydraulic circuits, and make sure that thefluid circulation is correct, withou

mcquay chilled water solution

Documents