MAXILO FACIAL AREA SIGN ON ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA

• PARAS SUTHAR• G.NO.:- 24TH • SUB.:- DENTISTARY • I.S.M. [I U K]

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common leukemia of childhood. It is a malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled clonal proliferation of a transformed lymphoblast with overgrowth and displacement of normal bone marrow precursors.

AETIOLOGY

• exposure to ionizing radiation • electromagnetic fields,• treatment with cytotoxic drugs, • viral infections.• idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,• Epstein-Barr virus infection, • juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, • aplastic anemia, and• hypereosinophilic syndrome

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS• Bleeding from the gums• Bone pain• Fever• Frequent infections• Frequent or severe nosebleeds• Lumps caused by swollen lymph nodes in and around the

neck, underarm, abdomen or groin• Pale skin• Shortness of breath• Weakness, fatigue or a general decrease in energy• Gingival enlargement• Oral infection• petechiae and ecchymosis

• Oral manifestations usually arise from an underlying• Thrombocytopenia,• Neutropenia, • Impaired function. • It has been described a number of leukemic-

induced oral changes including:-• Pain,• Gingival enlargement• Oral infection• Bleeding gums, petechiae and ecchymosis

RISK FACTOR

• Previous cancer treatment• Exposure to radiation• Genetic disorders. • Having a brother or sister with ALL.

DAIGNOSIS • Laboratory findings include elevated:-• white blood cell count, • anemia, and • low platelet count• Bone marrow test. • Imaging tests. • Spinal fluid test.

TREATMENT

• Bone marrow transplant • Chemotherapy• Antibiotics• Blood transfusion