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Infraclavicular Nerve Block Maverick Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC

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Page 1: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Infraclavicular Nerve Block

MaverickRegional Anesthesia Education, LLC

Page 2: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

The infraclavicular block is a brachial plexus block below the level of the clavicle  distal to the coracoid process.

Page 3: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Indications for the infraclavicular block include:

Procedures on the upper arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand. Postop analgesia following any procedures on upper arm, elbow, wrist or hand. 

Page 4: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Comfortable positioning re: fractures, obese patients, etc.

Brachial plexus at the level of ICB is still enclosed in a rather uniform sheath leading to a more dense predictable block

Catheter location is in a relatively clean and easily secured (immobile) location

High success rate. 

Page 5: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Deep block: passes through two muscles and fascial planes.  Can be painful if using 18g needles for catheter placement.

Vascular puncture of axillary artery can lead to bleeding unresponsive to external compression

Kyphosis or severe COPD will increase risk ofpneumothorax. 

Page 6: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Severe Kyphosis or COPD

Coagulopathy

Traumatic nerve injury

Patient refusal

Page 7: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Syringes  (10ml)

Surface Electrode(EKG pad)

Betadine/Chloroprep

Appropriate needle(2 inch is adequate)

Nerve stimulator

Doppler

Sterile gloves

EKG, pulse Ox, O2

Marking pen (not Sharpie)

Steri‐strips, Tegaderm,

Dermabond

Sterile towels

Second set of hands

Page 8: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Triangular depressed area below the lateral half of clavicle

Bound superiorly by clavicle and coracoid process

Anteriorly by pectoralis minor and major muscles

Posteriorly by the subscapularis

Medially by the ribs 

and Laterally by the humerus. 

Page 9: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Trunks of brachial Plexus

Three Cords of the Brachial Plexus

Axillary artery

Five terminal branches and seven misc. branches arising from the Cords.

Page 10: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Musculocutaneous, Median and Ulnar nerves are located in an anterior plane to the axillary artery.  These three nerves form a horizontal M shape with the Musculocutaneous forming the most cephaladlimb, the Median forming the middle limb and the Ulnar forming the lower most caudad limb. 

Axillary and Radial nerves lie in a posterior plane to the axillary artery

Musculocutaneous nerve exits the brachial sheath at the level of the coracoid process.

Page 11: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus
Page 12: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus
Page 13: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Supine with head and neck neutral

Arm beside the body with hand resting on abdomen.

Page 14: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

DistalClavicle

Coracoid processCoracoid process is identified by pressing index finger in infraclavicular fossa and moving laterally

The rounded bony prominence is the coracoid process. 

Humeral head

Page 15: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Coracoid:

Mark a point 2cm caudad from coracoid process OR 2cm caudad from junction of clavicle and humeral head 

Needle insertion will be in a plum bob technique to the floor.  

Plexus will usually be located at 4‐6cm depth.  

Page 16: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus
Page 17: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus
Page 18: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Needle insertion

Lung field

Page 19: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Median Nerve Response:Flexion of fingers or wristMost desirable

Radial Nerve Response:Extension of fingers or wrist

Musculocutaneous Nerve Response: Flexion of elbow (if operative site is antecubital to axillary).

Page 20: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Musculocutaneous (bicep): Flexion of elbow and supination of forearmNerve is out brachial sheath at the level.  If operative site is below elbow…do not take. Needle is too cephalad.  Withdraw needle to sub‐q level and redirect more caudad in a parasagital plane to locate median nerve. 

Pectoral Muscle: Vigorous contraction of pectoralis muscles. Needle is oriented too Medial.  Withdraw needle to sub‐q level and redirect in a more Lateral direction. 

Page 21: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Pneumothorax

Vascular puncture with hematoma

Page 22: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Middle Fingers/wrist flexion is most desirable response

Adequate volume is needed to block all branches of brachial plexus

What if you do not get an appropriate hand twitch?

Re‐direct needle making very slight adjustments

If after redirecting an adequate twitch is not attained check equipment and ensure stimulator is working properly, re‐establish landmarks and begin again

Page 23: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

AVOID REDIRECTING MEDIALLY

Adjust cephalad or caudal… occasionally you may have to adjust laterally 

Page 24: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus

Cornish P, Nowitz M. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of the Infraclavicular Region:  Can Brachial Plexus Depth Be Estimated Before Needle Insertion? AnesthAnalg 2005; 100:  1184‐8  Fuzier R, et al. Interest of the Infraclavicular Block in an Emergency Department:  Single or Double Injections?  Anesthesiology 2002; 96:  896HadzicA (2005) Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block. Retrieved on March 6, 2007, from New York School of Regional Anesthesia Web site. http://www.nysora.com/techniques/infraclavicular_brachial_plexus_block/Mauer K, et al. Interscalene and Infraclavicular Block for Bilateral Distal Radius Fracture.    AnesthAnalg 2002; 94:  450‐2MinvilleV, et al. The Optimal Motor Response for Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block.       AnesthAnalg 2007; 104(2):  448‐451Khaladkar B. Course material provided on Peripheral nerve blocks 2008. Chelly JE, Peripheral Nerve Blocks; A Color Atlas. 3rd ed. Meier, G. Peripheral Regional Anesthesia; An Atlas of Anatomy and Techniques; 2nd ed. Brown David L. Atlas of Regional Anesthesia; 3rd ed. 2006 

Page 25: Maverick - NDANA · Regional Anesthesia Education, LLC. The infraclavicularblock is a brachial plexus
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